abc analysis

2013NATIONALPAINTING COSTESTIMATOR

®

®

$73.00

Craftsman Book Company6058 Corte del Cedro / P.O. Box 6500 / Carlsbad, CA 92018

By Dennis D. Gleason, CPE

Includes inside the back cover:Includes inside the back cover:• An estimating CD with all the costs in this book, plus,• An estimating program that makes it easy to use these costs,• An interactive video guide to the National Estimator program,• A program that converts your estimates into invoices,• A program that exports your estimates to QuickBooks Pro.

Quarterly price updates on the Web are free and automatic allduring 2013. You’ll be prompted when it’s time to collect the nextupdate. A connection to the Web is required.

Download all of Craftsman's most popular costbooks for one low price with the Craftsman Site License. http://www.craftsmansitelicense.com

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The author thanks the following individuals and organizations for furnishing materials and information used in thepreparation of various portions of this book.

Howard Shahan, American Design Painting & Drywall, Poway, CAAmerican Society of Professional Estimators (ASPE), Wheaton, MDBenjamin Moore Paints, San Diego, CAGordon H. Brevcort, Brevcort Consulting Associates, Ridgewood, NJScott Williams, CSI Paint, San Francisco, and Napa, CABob McAdams, Devine Paint Center, Napa, CAJohn San Marcos, Devoe Coatings, San Diego Marine Hardware, San Diego, CAKen Hogben, Dunn-Edwards Paints & Wallcovering, Daly City, CARandy Martin, Dunn-Edwards Paints & Wallcovering, San Diego, CABob Langbein, East Bay Paint Center, Albany, CAMike Barden, ICI-Dulux Paints, San Jose, CAHugh Champeny, Kelly-Moore Paint Company, San Carlos, CAPeter Roske, Kelly-Moore Paint Company, Concord, CADennis Cripe, R.W. Little Co, Inc., Sandblasting, San Diego, CAJim Cornelius, Mark’s Paint Mart, Oakland, CABruce McMullan, McMullan & Son Painting, San Diego, CAJoe Garrigan, Mr. Paints, San Diego, CAPPG Industries, Inc., Pittsburgh Paints, Torrance, CAGreg Albright, Pursel Quality Paints, Berkeley, CAKeith Braswell, Rent-X, Pleasant Hill, CARichardson Engineering Services, Inc., Mesa, AZRust-Oleum Protective Coatings, Los Angeles, CAAaron Truit, The Sherwin-Williams Company, Concord, CAAce Harmon, The Sherwin-Williams Company, Berkeley, CASquires-Belt Material Co., San Diego, CASteel Structures Painting Council, Pittsburgh, PAJohn Meyer, U.S. Government, Department of the Navy, Public Works, San Diego, CASandy Sternberg, Vista Paint Centers, Escondido, CAJerry Rittgarn, Waco-Arise Scaffolding & Equipment, San Diego, CA

Cover design by: Bill GroteSheila M. Scott, CalligraphyPhotos: Shutterstock

©2012 Craftsman Book CompanyISBN 978-1-57218-282-0 ISSN 1092-6852Published October 2012 for the year 2013

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Introduction - How to Use This Book . . . .5

Part I - General Painting CostsBaseboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Bookcases and shelves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48Cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52Ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57Closets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88Corbels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92Cutting-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92Decks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95Fascia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118Fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123Fireplaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127Firewood boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128Floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129Garage door backs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137Gutters & downspouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138High time difficulty factors . . . . . . . . . . . . .139Mail box structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140Molding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153Overhangs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159Pass-through shelves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162Plant-on trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162Plaster or stucco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168Pot shelves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172Railings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173Registers, HVAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182Roof jacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183Roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184Sheet metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196Shutters or blinds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201Siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202Stairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219Touchup, brush as required . . . . . . . . . . . .222Trellis or lattice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223Valances for light fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225Window screen frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276Window seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277Window sills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278Window conversion factors . . . . . . . . . . . .292Wine racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293

Part II - Preparation CostsAcid wash gutters & downspouts . . . . . . .296Airblast, compressed air . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296Burn off paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297Caulk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298Cut cracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298Fill wood floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299Putty, application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299Sandblast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302Scribing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309Strip, remove, bleach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311Unstick windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312Wash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313Waterblast (Power wash) . . . . . . . . . . . . .315Window-protective coating . . . . . . . . . . . .315Wire brush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316

Part III - Industrial, Institutional and Heavy Commercial Painting CostsConduit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318Decking and siding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326Doors, hollow metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330Ductwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331Fire escapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .348Fire sprinkler systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349Grates and grilles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350Ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354Mechanical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357Radiators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371Structural steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372Tank, silo, vessel, or hopper . . . . . . . . . . .400Walls, concrete, tilt-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412Windows, steel factory sash . . . . . . . . . . .418

Part IV - Wallcovering CostsAdhesive coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422Wallcovering application . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424Flexible wood sheet and veneer . . . . . . . .425Surface preparation, wallcovering . . . . . . .425Vinyl wallcovering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426Wall fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430Wallpaper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440

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Figure Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page1 The basis for cost estimates in this book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Customize the tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 Sandblasting pricing table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114 Pavement marking pricing table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Waterblasting pricing table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 Labor productivity categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 Material coverage rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 Material price discounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169 Material prices at 20% discount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

10 Material prices at 30% discount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2011 Material prices at 40% discount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2312 Sundry inventory checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2713 Hourly wage rates for wallcovering application . . . . . . . . . . . .2914 Labor burden percentages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3015 Typical equipment purchase and rental prices . . . . . . . . . . . . .3316 Risk factors and profit margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3617 Bidding variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3618 Sample painting estimate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3819 Blank painting estimate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4020 Interior opening count allowance table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10221 Conduit/pipe area conversion table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32522 Square corner decking factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32723 Structural steel conversion tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39124 Surface area of spheres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39925 Sample field production times and rates form . . . . . . . . . . . .41926 Blank field production times and rates form . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420

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Paint estimating is more of an art than a science.There’s no price that’s exactly right for every job and forevery bidder. That’s because every painting job isunique. No single material cost, no labor estimate, nopricing system fits all types of work. And just as everyjob varies, so do painting companies. No two paintingcontractors have the same productivity rates, the samelabor burden, the same overhead expense and thesame profit requirements.

The best paint estimates are always custom-madefor a particular job. They’re based on the contractor’sactual productivity rate, material cost, labor cost, over-head percentage and profit expectations. No estimatingbook, no computerized estimating system, no estimat-ing service can possibly account for all the variablesthat make every job and every painting company differ-ent. Only a skilled estimator using professional judg-ment and a proven estimating system can produceconsistently reliable estimates on a wide variety ofpainting jobs.

So, Why Buy This Book?That’s easy. This is the most complete, authoritative

and reliable unit cost guide ever made available to paintestimators. No matter what types of work you estimate,no matter what your costs are, this book will help pro-duce consistently accurate painting cost estimates indollars and cents. But it isn’t a substitute for expertise.It’s not a simple way to do in minutes what an experi-

enced paint estimator might not be able to do in hours.Instead, this unit cost guide will aid you in developing agood estimate of costs for any painting operation onany project. Think of this manual as one good estimat-ing tool. But it’s not (or at least shouldn’t be) the onlyestimating tool you’ll use.

For most jobs, I expect that the figures you see herewill prove to be good estimates. But anyone who under-stands paint estimating will understand why judgmentis needed when applying figures from this manual — orany other paint estimating guide. It’s your responsibilityto decide which conditions on the job you’re bidding arelike conditions assumed in this manual, and which con-ditions are different. Where conditions are different,you’ll need good professional judgment to arrive at arealistic estimated cost.

Inside the back cover of this bookyou’ll find an envelope with a com-

pact disk. The disk has National Estimator, an easy-to-use estimating program with all the cost estimates in thisbook. Insert the CD in your computer and wait a few sec-onds. Installation should begin automatically. (If not, clickStart, Settings, Control Panel, double-click Add/Remove programs and Install.) Select ShowMe from theinstallation menu and Dan will show you how to useNational Estimator. When ShowMe is complete, selectInstall Program. When the National Estimator programhas been installed, click Help on the menu bar, clickContents, click Print all Topics, click File and click PrintTopic to print a 28-page instruction manual for NationalEstimator.

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How to Use the TablesThe estimating tables in this book show typical costs

and bid prices for every painting operation you’re likelyto encounter, whether paint is applied by brush, roller,mitt or spray. Selecting the right cost table and the cor-rect application method is easy. Tables are divided intofour parts:

Part I: General Painting Costs

Part II: Preparation Costs

Part III: Industrial, Institutional and Heavy Commercial Painting Costs

Part IV: Wallcovering Costs

Each section is arranged alphabetically by opera-tion. If you have trouble finding the tables you need, usethe Table of Contents at the front of the book or theIndex at the back of the book.

Once you’ve found the right table and the appropri-ate application method, you have to select the correctapplication rate. For each of the application methods(brush, roll, mitt or spray), the tables show three appli-cation rates: “Slow,” “Medium,” or “Fast.” That’s a veryimportant decision when using this book, becauseeach application rate assumes different manhour pro-ductivity, material coverage, material cost per gallon,hourly labor cost, labor burden, overhead and profit.

Your decision on the application rate to use (or whichcombination of rates to use) has to be based on yourevaluation of the job, your painters and your company.That’s where good common sense is needed.

Figure 1 shows crew codes, labor costs, labor bur-dens, material discounts, and profit for each of thethree production rates for painting.

The “Slow” application rate in Figure 1 assumeslower productivity (less area covered per manhour), alower labor cost (due to a less skilled crew), a lowerlabor burden (due to lower fringe benefits), a lower dis-count on materials (because of low volume), higheroverhead (due to lower volume) and a higher profitmargin (typical on small repaint or custom jobs).Figures in this “Slow” application row will apply wherepainters with lower skill levels are working on smaller ormore difficult repaint jobs.

Look at the “Fast” row in Figure 1. These estimateswill apply where a skilled crew (higher hourly rate andlarger fringe benefits) is working under good supervi-sion and good conditions (more area covered per man-hour) on larger (volume discount on materials) andmore competitive jobs (lower profit margin). Figures inthe “Fast” application row assume high productivity andlower material coverage, (unpainted surfaces absorbmore paint), like that of a residential tract job.

Each of the three application rates is describedmore completely later in this section.

National Painting Cost Estimator

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Manhourproductivity

Laborcost per

hour

Laborburdenpercent

Laborburdendollars

Laborcost plusburden

Materialprice

discount

Overheadpercent Profit

Slow (1P) Low $19.75 29.5% $5.83 $25.58 20% 19.0% 16%

Medium (2P) Average 25.25 35.4% 8.94 34.19 30% 25.0% 12%

Fast (3P) High 31.75 40.8% 12.95 44.70 40% 31.0% 7%

Notes: These rates are for painters. Hourly rates for wallcovering are different. See page 29. Slow, Medium and Fast jobs are defined onpage 13. Labor burden percentages used in this book are summarized on page 31. National Estimator uses hourly rates in the Laborcost plus burden column. National Estimator shows productivity rates (Slow, Medium and Fast) and copies the words Slow, Medium orFast to your estimate. It also copies the crew productivity code, either 1P (Slow), 2P (Medium), or 3P (Fast) to your estimating form.National Estimator allows you to enter any percentage you select for overhead and profit.

Figure 1The basis for painting cost estimates in this book

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The Easy Case: No AdjustmentsLet’s suppose the “Slow” application rate fits the job

you’re estimating almost perfectly. Your crew’s produc-tivity is expected to be low. The labor cost will be$19.75 per hour. Labor burden (fringes, taxes andinsurance) will be 29.5 percent. Discount on materialswill be 20 percent. Overhead will be 19 percent andprofit will be 16 percent. Then your task is easy. All ofyour costs match the costs in the “Slow” row. No modi-fications are needed. The same is true if your costs fitthe “Medium” or “Fast” rows.

But that’s not always going to happen. More often,the job, your crew and your company won’t fit exactlyinto any of the three rows. What then? More evaluationis required. You’ll combine costs from several applica-tion rate rows to reach an accurate bid price. I call thatcustomizing your costs and it’s nearly always requiredfor an accurate estimate.

Customizing Your CostsEvery company has a different combination of work-

er speed and experience, taxes, benefits, spread rates,equipment needs, percentage for overhead, and profitmargin. These are the cost variables in paint estimat-

ing. This book is designed so you can quickly and eas-ily adjust estimates to reflect actual costs on the jobyou’re estimating. It’s important that you read the rest ofthis section before using the cost tables in this book.That’s the only way to get from this manual all the accu-racy and flexibility that’s built into it.

In the remainder of this section I’ll describe theassumptions I’ve made and the methods I used to com-pile the cost tables in this manual. Once you under-stand them, you’ll be able to combine and modify costsin the estimating tables so your bids fit the job, yourcrew and your company as closely as possible.

When you start using the cost tables in this book, Isuggest you circle numbers in the “Slow,” “Medium,” or“Fast” application rate rows that best fit your companyand your jobs. To improve accuracy even more, writeyour own figures in the blank row below the “Fast” rowin each table, like I’ve done in Figure 2.

A Practical Example

Figure 2 is part of an estimating table taken fromPart I of this book, General Painting Costs. I’m going touse it to show how to customize estimates to match

How to Use This Book

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Figure 2Customize the tables

Pricing variables Unit cost estimate

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

LaborSF per

manhour

MaterialcoverageSF/gallon

Material cost pergallon

Laborcost per100 SF

Laborburden100 SF

Materialcost per100 SF

Overheadper

100 SF

Profitper

100 SF

Totalcost per100 SF

Walls, gypsum drywall, orange peel or knock-down, roll, per 100 SF of wall area

Flat latex, water base (material #5)

Roll 1st coat

Slow 400 300 37.50 4.94 1.46 12.50 3.59 3.60 26.09

Medium 538 275 32.80 4.69 1.67 11.93 4.57 2.74 25.60

Fast 675 250 28.10 4.70 1.92 11.24 5.54 1.64 25.04

Your customized figures 3.11 .92 11.93 3.99 2.39 22.34

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your actual costs. In Figure 2 I’ve circled some of thecosts I plan to use in a sample estimate and calculatedothers.

In column 1, Labor SF per manhour, I’ve circled 675because I feel the journeyman painter assigned to thisjob can paint walls at the “Fast” rate of 675 square feetper hour. That’s the number I plan to use for my esti-mate.

In column 2, Material coverage SF/gallon, I’vereviewed my past performance and I expect coveragewill be about 275 square feet per gallon of paint. So I’vecircled that figure.

In column 3, Material cost per gallon, I’ve circled32.80 for my cost per gallon for flat water base latex(including tax and an allowance for consumable sup-plies), based on a 30 percent discount from the retailprice.

So far, so good. That completes the first threecolumns, what I call the pricing variables. Now we canbegin on the unit cost estimate, columns 4 through 9.Each of these columns show a price per 100 squarefeet of wall.

We’ll start with column 4, Labor cost per 100 SF.Notice that I’ve entered 3.11 for this column. Here’swhy. Look back at Figure 1. Throughout this book thepainting labor rate for “Fast” work is assumed to be$31.75 per hour. See page 29 for the wallcoveringapplication rate. I can’t use the labor cost per 100 SFfor “Fast” work because the journeymen on my job earn$21.00 per hour. That pay rate is a little higher than the“Slow” pay rate as shown in Figure 1. To calculate thelabor cost per 100 SF, divide $21.00 by 675 and multi-ply by 100: 21/675 = .0311 x 100 = 3.11.

In column 5, Labor burden 100 SF, I’ve entered .92.This figure is a result of my labor cost at $3.11 x 29.5percent, my labor burden (taxes, insurance and bene-fits) from the “Slow” row of Figure 1. Even though thelabor rate is “Fast” and the labor cost is higher than the“Slow” rate, for this example labor burden will be mostlike work done at the “Slow” rate because this companydoesn’t offer many benefits.

In column 6, Material cost per 100 SF, I’ve circled11.93, the number in the “Medium” row. Since I’ve usednumbers in the “Medium” row in both columns 2 and 3,I can take the figure in column 6 for material costsdirectly from the table, without any calculations.

In column 7, Overhead per 100 SF, I’ve calculatedthe overhead dollar value by adding the labor cost,labor burden and material cost then multiplying thatsum by the “Medium” overhead at 25 percent: $3.11 +$.92 + $11.93 = $15.96 x .25 = $3.99.

In column 8, Profit per 100 SF, I’ve calculated theprofit dollar value by adding the labor cost, labor bur-den, material cost and overhead then multiplying thatsum by the “Medium” profit at 12 percent from Figure 1.The result is $3.11 + $.92 + $11.93 + $3.99 = $19.95 x.12 = $2.39.

Column 9, Total cost per 100 SF, is the bid price —it’s the sum of columns 4 through 8 for each row.Because I’ve circled costs that fall in more than onerow, I can’t use any figure in column 9. Instead, I sim-ply add the circled or calculated figures in columns 4through 8: $3.11 + $.92 + $11.93 + $3.99 + $2.39 =$22.34. That’s my bid price per 100 square feet on thisjob. It’s the combination of costs that fit my company,my painters and the job.

Using Your Good Judgment

Of course, judgment is required when using thesetables, as it is when making any estimate. For example,if your journeymen painters earn the top rate of $31.75but work at the “Medium” production rate or slower,your labor cost per unit will be higher than the highestcost listed in column 4. An adjustment will be required.

Because figures in columns 7 and 8 are percent-ages of figures in columns 4, 5 and 6, you have to becareful when you blend costs from different rows. Let’slook at an extreme (and unlikely) example.

Suppose you use costs from the “Slow” applicationrow for columns 4 (4.94), 5 (1.46) and 6 (12.50) ofFigure 2. The total of those three costs is $18.90. Thenyou decide to use overhead from the “Fast” rowbecause your overhead is about 31 percent of cost, not19 percent of cost as in the “Slow” row (Figure 1). “Fast”overhead is listed as $5.54 in Figure 2. The correctoverhead figure is $5.86, 31 percent of the sum of“Slow” costs in columns 4, 5 and 6. Be aware of thissmall discrepancy and calculate figures for all the cate-gories yourself if extreme accuracy is essential.


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SAMPLE

Converting Unit PricesThe last column in Figure 2 shows the total cost per

100 square feet of wall. Some estimating tables in thisbook show a total cost per 100 linear feet (such as forbaseboard) or total costs per unit (such as for doors).To convert a cost per 100 square feet to a cost persquare foot, move the decimal point two places to theleft. Thus the cost per 100 square feet for the “Fast” ratein Figure 2 is $25.04 or about 25 cents per square foot.

General QualificationsIt’s important that you understand the conditions the

tables are based upon. I call these conditions the jobqualifications. A qualifications statement follows eachestimating table to help you understand what’s includ-ed and what’s excluded. Please read those qualifica-tions before using costs from this manual in your esti-mates. The following points apply to all tables in thisbook:

Included Costs

■ Minor preparation, both time and material.Normal preparation for new residential construc-tion is included in the “Fast” row and for newcommercial jobs in the “Medium” row. Minimalpreparation is included for repaint jobs in the“Slow” row.

■ Minimum setup and cleanup

■ Equipment such as ladders, spray rigs andbrushes are included in overhead for the “Fast”rate (residential tracts) or “Medium” (commercial)work. Add equipment costs at their rental rate for“Slow” (repaint) jobs.

Excluded Costs

■ Equipment costs such as ladders, spray rigs, etc.for “Slow” (repaint) jobs. Add these at their rentalrate whether or not you own the equipment.

■ Extensive surface preparation. Add the cost oftime and materials needed for more than “nor-mal” preparation work. Also add time to removeand replace hardware and accessories, protect

adjacent surfaces, and do any extensive setup,cleanup, or touchup. (See the discussion ofSURRPTUCU on the next page.)

■ Mobilization or demobilization

■ Supervision

■ Material handling, delivery, or storage

■ Sample preparation

■ Mixing coatings

■ Excessive material waste or spillage

■ Equipment rental or placement costs

■ Scaffolding rental and erection costs

■ Subcontract costs

■ Contingency allowance

■ Owner allowances

■ Commissions, bonuses, overtime, premium payfor shift adjustments (evening work), travel timeor per diem.

■ Bonds, fees, or permits

■ Additional insurance to meet owner requirements

■ Work at heights above 8 feet or beyond thereach of a wand or extension pole. (See the tablefor High Time Difficulty Factors on page 139.)

Surface PreparationThe Preparation estimating tables that follow Part I:

General Painting Costs, apply to both interior and exte-rior surfaces.

Surface preparation is one of the hardest parts ofthe job to estimate accurately. Any experienced paintercan make a reasonably good estimate of the quantity ofpaint and time needed for application. But the amountof prep work needed will vary widely — especially forrepaint jobs. Some will need very little work. Others willtake more time for prep than for painting.


9

SAMPLE

Preparation work for new construction jobs is rela-tively standard and consistent.You’ll have to mask cab-inets before spraying sealer on wet area walls, caulk atthe baseboards, putty the nail holes in wood trim, andoccasionally use a wire brush to smooth and clean asurface. The time required for this work is fairly pre-dictable.

Labor cost for normal preparation of unpainted sur-faces in new residential construction is included in the“Fast” labor costs and for new commercial constructionin the “Medium” labor cost. The cost of materials fornormal surface preparation on unpainted surfaces isincluded in the sundries allowance that’s part of the“Fast” or “Medium” material cost.

But if more than normal surface prep work is need-ed, estimate the extra manhours and materialsrequired and add these costs to your estimate.

Add for Repaint Preparation

The “Slow” unit costs include no surface preparationother than a quick wipedown. Preparation on a repaintjob may take longer than the painting itself. That’s whyyou have to estimate surface prep as a separate itemand add that cost to your estimate.

A misjudgment in estimating preparation work canbe very expensive. That’s why I recommend that youbid surface preparation by the hour, using your shoprate for “time and material” jobs, or some other speci-fied hourly rate.That protects you against cost overrunsif the preparation takes longer than anticipated. Butthere’s a danger here. Owners may be angry about thecost because they don’t understand what’s involved inpreparation and why it takes so long.You can avoid thiswith a “not to exceed” bid that contains a maximumprice for the prep work. Your bid should define thescope of preparation work in detail and list exactlywhat’s included and excluded. Be sure to consider allthe labor, material, and equipment costs involved.

If you have to bid repaint work, be sure to include allthe miscellaneous costs. The acronym I use to identifythese miscellaneous costs is SURRPTUCU: Setup(SU), Remove and Replace (RR), Protection (P),Touchup (TU) and Cleanup (CU). Add these costs toyour repaint estimate if they require anything beyondminimum attention.

1) Setup includes unloading the vehicle, spreadingthe tarp and setting up the tools — everythingthat has to be done before prep or painting canbegin.

2) Remove and replace everything that will interferewith painting, including door and cabinet hard-ware, the contents of cabinets, light fixtures,bathroom accessories, switch covers and outletplates, among others.

3) Protection for furniture and adjacent surfacessuch as floors, cabinets, plumbing or electricalfixtures, windows, and doors. Protection meth-ods include masking, applying visqueen, layingdrop cloths and applying a protective coating onwindows.

4) Touchup time varies with the speed and quality ofthe painting job and how fussy the owner is. Themore careful your painters are, the less touchuptime needed. You can estimate touchup timeaccurately only if you know how well your crewsperform. The Touchup table in this book is basedon a percentage of total job cost.

5) Cleanup time is usually about the same as setuptime, about 20 to 30 minutes each day for repaintjobs. Cleanup time begins when work stops forthe day and ends when the crew is back in thetruck and ready to go home. It includes cleaningtools, dismantling the paint shop and loading thevehicle.

SubcontractorsPainting contractors don’t hire many subcontractors.

But once in a while you’ll need a specialist for sand-blasting, waterblasting, wallcovering, scaffolding orpavement marking. Subcontract costs are not includedin the estimating tables. Add the cost of any subcon-tract work that will be required.

Figure 3 shows some typical rates quoted by sand-blasting subcontractors. Of course, prices in your areawill probably be different. You could also figure sand-blasting unit costs from the sandblasting estimatingtables included in Part II, Preparation Costs, in thisbook.


10

SAMPLE

Figure 4 shows typical subcontract bids for pave-ment marking. Again, prices in your area may be differ-ent.

If you do much repainting, you’ll probably want tobuy a waterblasting rig. Even if you own the blaster,include a charge in each estimate for the equipment asthough you rented it from a rental yard just for that job.Figure the unit costs for waterblasting from Part II ofthis book, Preparation Costs.

Consider using a waterblasting subcontractor if youdon’t need the service often. Figure 5 shows some typ-ical rates for waterblasting. Make up a table like thisbased on quotes from subcontractors in your area. Fora more detailed table, see Sandblasting in thePreparation section, page 303.

When you hire a subcontractor, make sure the quot-ed price includes everything that contractor has to do— all labor, material (with tax, if applicable), equipment,

overhead and profit. Add your overhead and profit per-centage to the subcontractor’s bid price when you enterthat item on the estimate.

ContingenciesOccasionally you’ll add a contingency allowance on

bids for repaint projects where there are unknowns thatcan’t be forecast before work actually begins.Contingency allowances are rarely needed when esti-mating new construction. When necessary, the contin-gency amount is usually from 3 to 5 percent. It can gohigher, however, if there are unusual conditions orunknowns that make it hard to produce an accurateestimate. Include a contingency allowance in your esti-mates only if you have reason to expect:

■ An uncertain scope of work (unknown job condi-tions)

■ An inexperienced owner or general contractor

■ Incomplete drawings


11

Minimum charges: $582.00, scaffolding not included

Additional insurance: May be required to cover adjacent personaland real property which may not be protected.

Sandblasting water soluble paints $1.02 to 1.16/SF

Sandblasting oil paints 1.08 to 1.22/SF

Sandblasting heavy mastic

(depends on coating thickness) 1.40 to 1.53/SF

Sandblasting brick - light blast 1.02 to 1.16/SF

Sandblasting masonry block walls

Clean up & remove grime - light .96 to 1.02/SF

- heavy 1.46 to 1.60/SF

Sandblasting structural steel

Pricing rules of thumb:

Pipe up to 12" O.D. 1.46 to 2.17/SF

Structural steel up to 2 SF/LF 1.34 to 1.55/SF

Structural steel from 2 to 5 SF/LF 1.60 to 1.79/SF

Structural steel over 5 SF/LF (depends on shape)

Tanks and vessels up to 12'0" O.D. 2.11 to 2.44/SF

Tanks and vessels over 12'0" O.D. 2.11 to 2.44/SF

Brush off blast - light blast (loose mill scale)

Field welded, new, uncoated

ground runs .65 to .83/SF

above ground .96 to 1.79/SF

Previously painted surfaces - add .65 to 1.16/SF

Epoxy coated - add 1.22 to 1.34/SF

With portable equipment - add .70 to 1.02/SF

Commercial blast - 67% white stage


ground runs 1.08 to 1.28/SF

above ground 1.34 to 2.11/SF




Near white blast - 95% white stage







White blast - 100% uniform white stage






With portable equipment - add .65 to .96/SF

Figure 3Sandblasting pricing table

SAMPLE


12

Pricing rules of thumb:

Number of parking spaces: Figure on one space per 300 SF of pavement

Single line striping with light graphics application $10.00 per space

Single line striping with heavy graphics application 17.40 per space

Single striping, light graphics and 3' wheel stop 24.80 per space

Single striping, heavy graphics and 3' wheel stop 32.10 per space

Equipment pricing:

Simple “inverted spray can” approximate cost $225.00

Professional striping machine cost range 4,631 to 5,093

Professional road/highway striper 254,000

Subcontractor pricing:

Move on: $151.00 to 185.00

Striping prices:

Single line striping $.46 to .59 per lineal foot

Bike lane striping .59 to .69 per lineal foot

Fire lane, red curb .46 to .59 per lineal foot

Symbol pricing:

Templates - 8'0" template $174.00 to 208.00 each

Arrows 39.40 to 46.30 each

Handicap symbol, one color 16.20 to 22.00 each

two color 29.00 to 34.80 each

No parking fire lane stencil 3.13 to 3.82 each

Wheel stops:

3'0" stops $22.00 to 27.80 each if pinned on asphalt

29.00 to 34.80 each if glued and pinned

6'0" stops 34.80 to 41.70 each if pinned on asphalt

41.70 to 47.60 each if glued and pinned

(add for stops pinned to concrete)

Signs and posts:

Sign only 12" x 18" $48.60 to 68.40

Post mounted 12" x 18" 128.00 to 176.00

Pavement markers:

One way pavement markers $10.40 each

Two way pavement markers 13.90 each

Figure 4Pavement marking pricing table

SAMPLE

■ Delays in beginning the project

■ Owner involvement in supervision

■ Below-standard working conditions

Don’t use contingency allowances as a substitute forcomplete estimates. Include contingency only to coverwhat can’t be estimated, not what you don’t have timeto estimate accurately.

Column Headings DefinedTake another look at Figure 2. The heading

describes the surface to be coated: the type, texture,and often, condition. Sections within each surface

heading are divided according to coating material, thenby application method, and further into the “Slow,”“Medium,” and “Fast” application rates.

Column 1: Labor ProductivityThis column shows units of work completed per

manhour. My estimates assume that painters are expe-rienced and motivated professionals. The labor produc-tivity categories are shown in Figure 6.

My experience is that a painting company that canhandle larger projects will have highly skilled, betterqualified and more productive painters. The estimatingtables also assume that repainting a surface usuallytakes about 35 percent more time than painting newlyconstructed surfaces. Much of this extra time is spentprotecting adjacent areas.


13

Figure 5Waterblasting pricing table

Figure 6Labor productivity categories

Minimum charges: $579.00, scaffolding not includedAdditional insurance: May be required to cover adjacent personal and real propertyPricing rules of thumb:

Up to 5,000 PSI blast 4 hour minimum $128.00/hour5,000 to 10,000 PSI blast 8 hour minimum $185.00/hour10,000 PSI blast 8 hour minimum $229.00/hourWet sandblasting 4 hour minimum $147.00/hour

Slow Medium FastRepaint jobs New commercial projects New residential production

Custom painting Industrial painting Repetitious paintingTenant improvements — —

Small jobs Medium-sized jobs Large projectsSingle units Two to four units Five or more units

Low production Average production High productionHigh difficulty Average difficulty Low difficulty

Poor conditions Average conditions Good conditionsHigh quality Average quality Minimum quality

Semi-skilled crew Skilled crew Highly skilled crew No supervision Some supervision Good supervision

SAMPLE

To establish your company’s production levels, askyour field superintendent to monitor the time needed tocomplete each task and to keep records of crew pro-ductivity. You can use the Field Production Times andRates form on pages 419 and 420 to track yourpainters' productivity. Make copies of the blank formand have your field superintendent or job foreman giveone to each painter on every job. Your superintendentshould check the forms frequently to insure they areaccurate and kept up to date. Your best guide to pro-ductivity on future jobs is productivity on jobs alreadycompleted, and this form will help you keep track ofyour production time. Refer back to Figure 2 on page 7.You can use the results collected on these forms tocomplete the customized figures row under the "Fast"operation in Figure 2 for every operation in the NationalPainting Cost Estimator. Examples of how to useFigure 2 are on pages 7 through 9. The more you knowabout your painters’ performance, the more accurateyour estimates will be. But don’t expect your estimatesand actual production to always match exactly. Paintersare human beings, not robots.You can’t expect them towork at the same rate at all times.

Reduced Productivity

The tables in this book assume no overtime work.Excessive overtime puts a strain on your craftsmen andreduces productivity. A few consecutive days of over-time can drag productivity down to well below average.It’s good practice not to assign overtime work on morethan two consecutive days.

Work efficiency is also lower when men, materialsand equipment are confined in a small area or requiredto work in cluttered, poorly lit or dirty rooms. Paintersneed elbow room to work efficiently and get maximumproductivity. They’re also more productive in a cleanenvironment where they can see what they’re doing. It’seasier — and safer — to work in a well-lighted areathat’s relatively clear of debris. If the work area is con-fined or dirty, reduce estimated productivity accordingly.

Supervision

Supervision expense is not included in the costtables. Add the cost of supervision to your estimates.

Most supervision is done by foremen. Every crewshould have a project foreman designated, usually themost experienced and reliable painter on the job. Whennot supervising, project foremen should be painting.

Thus the project foreman is a working supervisor. Partof the foreman’s time will be productive (applying coat-ings) and part will be nonproductive (directing the work).

If you have more than three or four jobs going at onetime, you need a field superintendent. The field super-intendent is the foreman’s supervisor. His or her pri-mary responsibility is to be sure that each foreman hasthe manpower, materials and equipment needed to getthe job done. The field superintendent should monitorjob progress to be sure manhour productivity andmaterials used are in line with estimates. Field superin-tendents usually are not working supervisors; all theirtime is nonproductive. Figure the field superintendent’ssalary as overhead expense, because you can’t chargehis salary to a specific job.

Your project foremen and field superintendent canmake or break a job.The better they are, the more workwill be done. You want a field superintendent whoassigns the right painters to the right foreman, and aforemen who puts the right painters on the right tasks.The most experienced tradesmen should work on tasksthat require more skill. Other painters should be usedwhere less skill is needed. The project foreman is alsoresponsible for job safety and quality control.

Your estimates will be more competitive if you canassume high productivity. That’s only possible whenyou have good supervision, from both foremen andsuperintendent, and motivated crews.

Allowances for Supervision

Supervision isn’t considered productive labor. Aforeman isn’t painting when he’s scheduling, organizinga job and instructing his workers. Here are my rule-of-thumb allowances for nonproductive labor on paintingjobs.

Custom homes. Allow 2.5 hours of nonproductivesupervision for a home up to 1,500 square feet, 3 hourson a home between 1,500 and 2,000 square feet, 4hours on a custom home between 2,000 and 2,500square feet, and 5 hours on a larger home.

Model homes in a tract. One hour of nonproductivesupervision for each day your crew will be on the job.

Most tract homes. One hour per house.

Higher-quality tract homes. Two hours per house.


14

SAMPLE

Apartments and condos. Allow 1 hour per unit ifthere are 10 units or less. For 11 to 30 units, allow 0.75hours of nonproductive time per unit. If there are morethan 30 units, allow 0.5 hour per unit.

Nonproductive labor on commercial, industrial, insti-tutional and government projects varies considerably.More complex jobs will require proportionately morenonproductive labor. Use your knowledge based onpast experience to estimate supervision either as apercentage of job cost or by the square foot of floor.

Column 2: Material CoverageThe second column in the cost tables shows the

estimated material coverage in units (usually squarefeet or linear feet) per gallon. Figure 7 shows the condi-tions likely to apply for each of the three materialcoverage rates. Every condition listed in each of thesecategories won’t necessarily occur on every paintingoperation. For example, it’s possible to have high wasteand use low quality paint on a repaint job. But it’s morelikely that waste will be low and paint quality high onjobs like that.

The “Slow” (repaint) application rate assumes lightcoverage, “Medium” (commercial project) applicationrate assumes medium coverage and “Fast” (residentialtract) application rate assumes heavy coverage. Light

coverage is typical on “Slow” (repaint) jobs becausepreviously painted surfaces usually absorb 10 to 15percent less paint than an unpainted surface. All cover-age rates are based on paint that’s been thinnedaccording to the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Of course, coverage varies with the paint you’reusing and the surface you’re painting. Paint manufac-turers usually list the recommended coverage rate onthe container label. I’ve listed estimated coverage ratesin the tables throughout this book.

Calculating Film Thickness

Many project specifications for commercial, industri-al and government jobs identify the coating (film) thick-ness you have to apply to each surface. The thicknessis given in mils, or thousandths of an inch. One mil is0.001 inch.

The thickness of the dry paint film depends on thepercentage of solids in the paint. If you apply a gallonof paint containing 100 percent solids over 1,600square feet, the dry film will be 1 mil thick — that is, if100 percent of the paint adheres to the wall. But ifthere’s 10 percent waste (because of paint that’s left inthe can, on brushes, or spilled), only 90 percent of thematerial ends up on the surface.


15

Figure 7Material coverage rates

Slow applicationand light coverage

(Repaint jobs)

Medium applicationand medium coverage(Commercial projects)

Fast applicationand heavy coverage(Residential tracts)

Repaint jobs Commercial projects Residential production

Light usage Moderate usage Heavy usage

Low absorption Moderate absorption High absorption

Light application Medium application Heavy application

Low waste Moderate waste High waste

Quality paint Standard paint Production paint

Semi-skilled painters Skilled crew Highly skilled crew

SAMPLE

Here’s a formula for coverage rates that makes iteasy to calculate mil thickness, including the waste factor. Coverage rate equals:

% of solids x 1600x (1.00 - waste factor)

mil thickness

Here’s an example. Assume you’re applying paintwith 40 percent solids (by volume), using a roller. Thewaste factor is 10 percent. You need a thickness of 5mils.

Here’s the calculation for the coverage rate:

.40 x 1600x (1.00 - .10) = 115.2 per gallon

5

You may have to apply several coats to get a thick-ness of 5 mils. In any case, you’ll have to use one gal-lon of paint for each 115.2 square feet of surface.

Waste Factors

Be sure to consider waste and spillage when you figure coverage rates. Professional painters waste verylittle paint. They rarely kick over a five-gallon paint bucket. But there’s always some waste. My materialcoverage formulas include a typical waste allowancefor each application method, whether it’s brush, rolleror spray. Of course, actual waste depends on the skillof your painters no matter what application methodthey use.

These are the waste factors I’ve built into the tables:

Brush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 to 5%

Roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 to 10%

Airless spray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 to 25%

Conventional spray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 to 35%

Changes in Paint Formulation

In the late 1970s, the California State Air ResourcesBoard established a “model rule” for lowering the solvent in oil-based paints. They mandated replacingsolvent-based paint with water-based formulas. Theobjective was to lower the amount of solvents escapinginto the air. This change in the formulation of oil-basedpaints is being adopted nationwide.

Changes in paint formulation will affect coveragerates and the cost for non-flat paints. Review actualcoverage rates and paint prices and make adjustmentswhere necessary before using the estimates in thisbook.

Column 3: Material PricingThe third column in the cost tables shows the cost of

materials. The “Slow,” “Medium,” and “Fast” prices ineach table are based on the discounts usually offeredby suppliers for volume purchases by contractor cus-tomers. The material discounts used in this book aredefined in Figure 8.

The more paint a contractor buys over a given period, the greater the discount that contractor canexpect. Most paint contractors get a discount of at least20 percent off retail. Contractors buying in heavy vol-ume usually get discounts that approach 40 percent off retail.

Material Pricing Tables

Figures 9, 10 and 11 show the material prices I’veused for each of three application rates throughout thisbook. In the cost estimating tables each coating is iden-tified by a material number. To find out more about thecost of any of these coatings, refer to the material num-ber listed in Figure 9, 10 or 11.


16

Slow application Medium application Fast application

Repaint jobs Commercial projects Residential tracts

Low volume Medium volume High volume

20% discount 30% discount 40% discount

Figure 8Material price discounts

SAMPLE


17

Interior:

Sealer, P.V.A., off white (wet area walls & ceilings)#1 - Water base 29.55 23.64 29.55 31.91 31.90#2 - Oil base 36.65 29.32 36.65 39.58 39.60

Undercoat (doors, casings and other paint grade wood)#3 - Water base 32.15 25.72 32.15 34.72 34.70#4 - Oil base 41.55 33.24 41.55 44.87 44.90

Flat latex (walls, ceilings & paint grade baseboard)#5 - Water base latex paint 34.75 27.80 34.75 37.53 37.50

Acoustic spray-on texture#6 - Primer 26.50 21.20 26.50 28.62 28.60#7 - Finish 31.90 25.52 31.90 34.45 34.50#8 - Dripowder mixed (pound) .80 .64 .80 .86 .86

Enamel (wet area walls & ceilings and openings)#9 - Water base enamel 45.05 36.04 45.05 48.65 48.70#10 - Oil base enamel 57.70 46.16 57.70 62.32 62.30

System estimate (cabinets, bookshelves, molding, interior windows)#11a - Wiping stain, oil base 44.35 35.48 44.35 47.90 47.90#11b - Sanding sealer, lacquer 32.30 25.84 32.30 34.88 34.90#11c - Lacquer, semi gloss 37.45 29.96 37.45 40.45 40.50#11 - Stain, seal & 2 coat lacquer system

Average cost (11a + b + (2 x c)) 37.89 30.31 37.89 40.92 40.90#12 - Shellac, clear 68.75 55.00 68.75 74.25 74.30#13 - Penetrating oil stain 49.70 39.76 49.70 53.68 53.70#14 - Penetrating stain wax (molding) 42.60 34.08 42.60 46.01 46.00#15 - Wax, per pound (floors) 13.95 11.16 13.95 15.07 15.10#16 - Glazing (mottling over enamel) 62.35 49.88 62.35 67.34 67.30#17 - Spray can, each (HVAC registers) 8.15 6.52 8.15 8.80 8.80

Exterior:

Solid body/color stain (beams, light valance, fascia, overhang, siding, plant-on trim, wood shelves)#18 - Water base stain 41.65 33.32 41.65 44.98 45.00#19 - Oil base stain 47.55 38.04 47.55 51.35 51.40

Semi-transparent stain (beams, siding, T & G ceiling)#20 - Water base stain 42.20 33.76 42.20 45.58 45.60#21 - Oil base stain 45.70 36.56 45.70 49.36 49.40#22 - Polyurethane (exterior doors) 68.60 54.88 68.60 74.09 74.10#23 - Marine spar varnish, flat or gloss (exterior doors)

Interior or exterior 74.00 59.20 74.00 79.92 79.90

Material prices at 20% discountAll pricing is based on production grade material purchased in 5 gallon quantities.

Retail Contractor Add 15% Price with Estimatingprice price at a sundries &10% sales tax pricesguide 20% discount escalation at 8% with tax

Figure 9Material prices at 20% discount

SAMPLE


18

Exterior enamel (exterior doors & trim)#24 - Water base 47.10 37.68 47.10 50.87 50.90#25 - Oil base 57.20 45.76 57.20 61.78 61.80

Porch & deck enamel - interior or exterior#26 - Water base enamel 50.40 40.32 50.40 54.43 54.40#27 - Oil base enamel 63.70 50.96 63.70 68.80 68.80#28 - Epoxy, 1 part, water base 75.80 60.64 75.80 81.86 81.90#29 - Epoxy, 2 part system 87.85 70.28 87.85 94.88 94.90

System estimate (exterior windows)#30a - Wiping stain, oil base 47.75 38.20 47.75 51.57 51.60#30b - Sanding sealer, varnish 47.90 38.32 47.90 51.73 51.70#30c - Varnish, flat or gloss 71.25 57.00 71.25 76.95 77.00#30 - Stain, seal & 1 coat varnish system

Average cost (30a + b + c)) 55.64 44.51 55.64 60.09 60.10

Masonry paint (masonry, concrete, plaster)#31 - Water base, flat or gloss 35.35 28.28 35.35 38.18 38.20#32 - Oil base paint 43.85 35.08 43.85 47.36 47.40#33 - Block filler 38.00 30.40 38.00 41.04 41.00#34 - Waterproofing, clear hydro seal 41.40 33.12 41.40 44.71 44.70

Metal primer, rust inhibitor#35 - Clean metal 57.25 45.80 57.25 61.83 61.80#36 - Rusty metal 67.55 54.04 67.55 72.95 73.00

Metal finish, synthetic enamel, gloss, interior or exterior#37 - Off white 54.65 43.72 54.65 59.02 59.00#38 - Colors (except orange/red) 59.10 47.28 59.10 63.83 63.80

Anti-graffiti stain eliminator#39 - Water base primer & sealer 51.05 40.84 51.05 55.13 55.10#40 - Oil base primer & sealer 47.45 37.96 47.45 51.25 51.30#41 - Polyurethane 2 part system 143.25 114.60 143.25 154.71 154.70

Preparation:#42 - Caulking, per fluid ounce .29 .23 .29 .31 .31

Paint remover, per gallon#43 - Light duty 35.35 28.28 35.35 38.18 38.20#44 - Heavy duty 39.50 31.60 39.50 42.66 42.70#45 - Putty, per pound 6.35 5.08 6.35 6.86 6.90#46 - Silica sand, per pound .39 .31 .39 .42 .42#47 - Visqueen, 1.5 mil, 12' x 200' roll 37.70 30.16 37.70 40.72 40.70#48 - Wood filler, per gallon 37.20 29.76 37.20 40.18 40.20

Material prices at 20% discount (cont.)


Figure 9 (continued)Material prices at 20% discount

SAMPLE

Industrial:#49 - Acid wash (muriatic acid) 9.60 7.68 9.60 10.37 10.40#50 - Aluminum base paint 72.45 57.96 72.45 78.25 78.30

Epoxy coating, 2 part system#51 - Clear 134.05 107.24 134.05 144.77 144.80#52 - White 185.75 148.60 185.75 200.61 200.60

Heat resistant enamel#53 - 800 to 1200 degree range 121.10 96.88 121.10 130.79 130.80#54 - 300 to 800 degree range 107.70 86.16 107.70 116.32 116.30#55 - Industrial bonding &

penetrating oil paint 48.80 39.04 48.80 52.70 52.70

Industrial enamel, oil base, high gloss#56 - Light colors 58.75 47.00 58.75 63.45 63.50#57 - Dark (OSHA) colors 67.80 54.24 67.80 73.22 73.20#58 - Industrial waterproofing 39.20 31.36 39.20 42.34 42.30#59 - Vinyl coating (tanks) 99.70 79.76 99.70 107.68 107.70

Wallcovering:

Ready-mix:#60 - Light-weight vinyl (gal) 11.65 9.32 11.65 12.58 12.60#61 - Heavy weight vinyl (gal) 12.95 10.36 12.95 13.99 14.00#62 - Cellulose, clear (gal) 14.60 11.68 14.60 15.77 15.80#63 - Vinyl to vinyl (gal) 21.80 17.44 21.80 23.54 23.50#64 - Powdered cellulose, 2 - 4 ounces 6.55 5.24 6.55 7.07 7.10#65 - Powdered vinyl, 2 - 4 ounces 7.65 6.12 7.65 8.26 8.30#66 - Powdered wheat paste, 2-4 ounces 5.50 4.40 5.50 5.94 5.90Note: Typically, powdered paste is in 2 to 4 ounce packages which will adhere 6 to 12 rolls of wallcovering.


19




SAMPLE


20

Interior:








Exterior:




Material prices at 30% discount

Retail Contractor Add 15% Price with Estimatingprice price at a sundries & 10% sales tax pricesguide 30% discount escalation at 8% with tax


SAMPLE


21




Average cost (30a + b + c)) 55.64 38.95 48.69 52.59 52.60










SAMPLE


22

Industrial:

#49 - Acid wash (muriatic acid) 9.60 6.72 8.40 9.07 9.10#50 - Aluminum base paint 72.45 50.72 63.40 68.47 68.50





Wallcovering:





SAMPLE


23

Interior:








Exterior:




Material prices at 40% discount



SAMPLE


24




Average cost (30a + b + c)) 55.64 33.38 41.73 45.07 45.10










SAMPLE


25

Industrial:#49 - Acid wash (muriatic acid) 9.60 5.76 7.20 7.78 7.80#50 - Aluminum base paint 72.45 43.47 54.34 58.69 58.70





Wallcovering:





SAMPLE


26

Figure 9 shows prices at a 20 percent discount offretail. It applies to “Slow” work and assumes light cov-erage on a previously painted surface. These costswould be typical for a lower-volume company handlingmostly repaint or custom work.

Figure 10 reflects a 30 percent discount. It applies to“Medium” work and assumes medium coverage, as incommercial work.

Figure 11 is the 40 percent discount table. It appliesto “Fast” work and assumes heavier coverage typicallyrequired on unpainted surfaces in new construction.This discount is usually available only to large, high-vol-ume painting companies that purchase materials inlarge quantities.

Here’s an explanation of the columns in Tables 9, 10and 11:

Retail price guide: This is an average based on asurvey of eleven paint manufacturers or distributors, forstandard grade, construction-quality paint, purchasedin five gallon quantities.

Material pricing and discount percentages will varyfrom supplier to supplier and from area to area. Alwayskeep your supplier’s current price list handy. It shouldshow your current cost for all the coatings and suppliesyou use. Also post a list of all suppliers, their phonenumbers, and the salesperson’s name beside yourphone.

Prices change frequently. Paint quality, your suppli-er’s discount programs, their marketing strategy andcompetition from other paint manufacturers will influ-ence the price you pay. Never guess about paint prices— especially about less commonly used coatings.Don’t assume that a product you haven’t used beforecosts about the same as similar products. It might not.A heavy-duty urethane finish, for example, will costabout twice as much as a heavy-duty vinyl coating. Ifyou don’t know that, your profit for the job can disap-pear very quickly.

Prices at discount: The retail price, less the appro-priate discount.

Allowance for sundries: It’s not practical to figurethe cost of every sheet of sandpaper and every ragyou’ll use on a job. And there’s no way to accurately

predict how many jobs you’ll get out of each brush orroller pole, roller handle, ladder, or drop cloth. But don’tlet that keep you from including an allowance for theseimportant costs in your estimates. If you leave themout, it’s the same as estimating the cost of those itemsas zero. That’s a 100 percent miss. Too many of those,and you’re out of the painting business. It’s better toestimate any amount than to omit some costs entirely.

Figure 12 is a sundries inventory checklist. Use it tokeep track of the actual cost of expendable tools andequipment.

I’ve added 15 percent to the paint cost to coverexpendable tools and supplies. This is enough for sun-dries on most jobs. There is one exception, however.On repaint jobs where there’s extensive prep work, thecost of sundries may be more than 15 percent of thepaint cost. When preparation work is extensive, figurethe actual cost of supplies. Then add to the estimatethat portion of the sundries cost that exceeds 15 per-cent of the paint cost.You might have to double the nor-mal sundries allowance. When it comes to prep work,make sure your estimate covers all your supplies.

Price with sales tax at 8 percent: This columnincreases the material cost, including sundries, by 8percent to cover sales tax. If sales tax in your area ismore or less than 8 percent, you can adjust the mate-rial cost, or use the price that’s closest to your actualcost.

In most cases contractors have to pay sales tax. Ifyou don’t pay the tax yourself, you may have to collectit from the building owner or general contractor andremit it to the state taxing authority. In either case,include sales tax in your estimate.

Estimating prices with tax: The figures in the lastcolumn of Figures 9 through 11 are rounded to thenearest dime unless the total is under a dollar. Thoseprices are rounded to the nearest penny.

This system for pricing materials isn’t exact. But it’squick, easy and flexible. Compare your current materi-al costs with costs in Figures 9, 10 and 11. If your costsare more than a few percent higher or lower than mycosts, make a note on the blank line below “Fast” in theestimating tables.

SAMPLE


27

Sundry Inventory ChecklistSuppliers: D-Dumphy Paints

F-Fisher Paints S-Superior Paints P-Pioneer Paints

Supplier Productnumber Product Inventory

quantity Unit Cost 7/21 7/27 8/2 8/10

D # — Bender paint pads 3 Each $ 4.75

D #792 Brush - 3" nylon Peacock 2 Each $ 25.20 1

D #783 Brush - 4" nylon Scooter 2 Each $ 37.30 1

D #115 Brush - 5" nylon Pacer 2 Each $ 63.40 1

D #784 Brush - 3" bristle 2 Each $ 23.40 1

D #2170 Caulking bags 2 Each $ 5.04

D Latex Caulking-DAP Acrylic latex 12 Each $ 2.73 12

D #2172 Caulking gun (Newborn) 2 Each $ 9.58 1

P # — Hydraulic fluid 2 Qt $ 10.80

P # — Lemon oil 2 Pint $ 5.41 1

F # — Masking paper 18" wide 3 Roll $ 27.60

F Anchor Masking tape 11/2" 24 Roll $ 4.06 12 12

P #2176 Lacquer - 5 gallons 2 5’s $ 123.00 1

P #2173 Sanding sealer - 5 gallons 2 5’s $ 117.00 1

P #9850 Resin sealer - 5 gallons 2 5’s $ 105.00

P #131 PVA sealer (clear) - 5 gallons 2 5’s $ 110.00 1

F #8500 Particle masks 100/box 1 Box $ 18.00 1

P # — Putty (Crawfords) 3 Qt $ 12.29 2

F #R-10 Respirators 1 Each $ 50.40 1

F #R-49 Respirator cartridges 20/box 2 Box $ 58.70

F #R-51 Respirator filters 20/box 2 Box $ 41.90 1

P # — Rags - 10 pound sack 2 Sack $ 30.10

F #AR 691 Roller covers 9" x 3/4" 6 Each $ 5.58 2

F #AR 692 Roller covers 9" x 3/8" 6 Each $ 4.73 3 2



Figure 12Sundry inventory checklist

SAMPLE


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Supplier Productnumber Product Inventory

quantity Unit Cost 7/21 7/27 8/2 8/10

F #AR 611 Roller covers mini 3 Each $ 3.89 1

F #95 Roller frames 9" 6 Each $ 7.15 1 2

F #75 Roller frames 7" 5 Each $ 6.91 3 3

F #TSR Roller frames mini 2 Each $ 4.00

D #40 Roller poles 4' wood tip 3 Each $ 3.52 1

D #10 Roller poles 6' wood tip 10 Each $ 5.46 2

P # 1 Roller pole tips metal 2 Each $ 4.37 2

P # — Sandpaper (120C production) 2 Slve $ 65.10 1

P # — Sandpaper (220A trimite) 2 Slve $ 50.60

P # — Sandpaper (220A garnet) 1 Slve $ 46.10 1

D # — Spackle (Synkloid) 3 Qt $ 7.10 1 1

D #42/61 Spray bombs (blackB/whiteW) 12 Each $ 4.13 B12 W12

F # — Spray gun tips #3 or #4 10 Each $ 10.30 3

F #2762 Spray gun couplers 10 Each $ 2.79 5

F #S-71 Spray socks 48/box 1 Box $ 22.30

D #5271 Stip fill 1 Gal $ 12.00 1

D #5927 Strainer bags 2 Each $ 1.94 1

D #JT-21 Staples - 5/16" 2 Box $ 3.15

P 50 Gal Thinner, lacquer 1 Drum $ 561.00

P 50 Gal Thinner, paint 1 Drum $ 279.00 1

P # — Thinner, shellac (alcohol) 1 Gal $ 13.10

D # — Visqueen 1.5 mil 12' x 200' 3 Roll $ 33.70

D #5775 Work pots (2 gal. plastic) 3 Each $ 3.76 1 2

# $

#

#

#

Purchase order no.

Ordered by: (initials)

Order date:

$

$

$

0352

j j

7/21

0356

j j

7/27

0361

j j

8/2

0371

j j

8/10

Figure 12 (continued)Sundry inventory checklist

SAMPLE


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Price Escalation

Escalation is the change in prices between the timeyou bid a job and the time you pay for labor and mate-rials. Painting contractors seldom include escalationclauses in their bids because they don’t expect lengthydelays. That’s why escalation isn’t included as a sepa-rate item in the estimating forms, Figures 18 and 19.

Any minor price escalation will be covered by the 15percent added to material prices for sundries. But don’trely on that small cushion to absorb major inflationarycost increases. Plan ahead if prices are rising. In thatcase, add 10% of your material costs as an escalationfactor and include this figure as a separate line item inthe estimate.

Many formal construction contracts include an esca-lator clause that allows the contractor to recover forcost increases during the time of construction — espe-cially if there was an unreasonable delay through nofault of the subcontractor. This clause may give you theright to collect for increases in both labor and materialcosts.

If work is delayed after you’ve been awarded thecontract, you may be able to recover for cost increasesunder the escalator clause. This is more likely on public projects than on private jobs. Also, if there’s asignificant delay due to weather, you may have a goodargument for adjusting the contract amount.

You can protect yourself against escalation if youinclude an expiration date on your bids. If the contractaward is delayed beyond your expiration date, you canreview your costs and make necessary adjustments.

But be careful here. Increase the bid too much andyou’ll probably lose the contract. So raise your bid onlyif necessary, and then only by the amount of the actualcost increases. Don’t try to make a killing on the job justbecause the bid prices have expired.

Column 4: Labor CostColumn 4 in Figure 2 on page 7 shows the labor cost

per unit. This figure is based on the productivity rate incolumn 1 and the wage rate in Figure 1. The wage ratefor “Slow” (repaint) work is assumed to be $19.75 perhour. The wage rate for “Medium” (commercial) work is$25.25 per hour. The wage rate for “Fast” (residentialtract) work is $31.75 per hour. Wage rates for wallcov-ering are different (Figure 13).

Wage Rates Vary

Wages vary from city to city. Recently I saw a surveyof hourly union rates for painters in U.S. cities. The low-est rate shown was $17.91 an hour for painters inRaleigh, North Carolina. The highest rate was $46.15for painters in Nome, Alaska.You might ask, “Why don’tall the painters in Raleigh move to Nome?”

I don’t know the answer, except to suggest thatpainters aren’t starving in Raleigh. Nor are they gettingrich in Nome. Working conditions and the cost of livingare very different in those two cities. However, on pri-vate jobs using non-union tradesmen, wage rates usu-ally don’t vary as much from city to city. The wage youpay depends on the demand for painting and howmany painters are available for work.

Figure 13Hourly wage rates for wallcovering application

Residential Wallcovering Commercial Wallcovering Flexible Wood Wallcovering

ProductionRate

ComputerProgram

CrewCode

LaborCost per

Hour

LaborBurden

per Hour

LaborCost +Burden

ComputerProgram

CrewCode

LaborCost per

Hour

LaborBurden

per Hour

LaborCost +Burden

ComputerProgram

CrewCode

LaborCost per

Hour

LaborBurden

per Hour

LaborCost +Burden

Slow 1W $19.25 $5.68 $24.93 4W $18.25 $5.38 $23.63 7W $18.75 $5.53 $24.28

Medium 2W 24.75 8.76 33.51 5W 23.25 8.23 31.48 8W 24.00 8.50 32.50

Fast 3W 31.25 12.75 44.00 6W 29.25 11.93 41.18 9W 30.25 12.34 42.59

SAMPLE


30

Wages also change over time. For example, wagerates increased between 1996 and 2006. The nationalaverage union wage (including fringes) for painters inlarge cities went from $27.60 in 1996 to $35.00 perhour in 2006. In 2011, the average union wage for com-mercial work increased to as high as $49.00 per hour.Always base your estimates on the actual wages you’llpay your most experienced painters.

Wages for Higher Skilled Specialists

Wages also vary with a workers’ skill, dependabilityand with job difficulty. Generally higher paid paintersare more productive than lower paid painters. Here’s achart to determine how much more per hour to esti-mate for supervision and for painting and surfacepreparation specialists. These figures are in addition tothe basic journeyman rate.

Foremen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.00 to 4.00

Field superintendents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4.50 to 6.50

Swing stage brush painters,spray painters, or paperhangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . $.50

Iron, steel and bridge painters(ground work) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.00

Sandblasters, iron, steel, orbridge painters (swing stage) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2.00

Steeplejacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2.50

Most government and defense painting contractsrequire compliance with the Davis Bacon Act, whichspecifies that contractors pay at least the prevailingwage for each trade in the area where the job islocated.

Calculate Your Labor Rate

Use the wage rate in Figure 1 ($19.75, $25.25 or$31.75 for “Slow,” “Medium,” or “Fast”) that’s appropri-ate for your company. Or, use a rate somewhere inbetween the rates listed. If you use your own wage rate,divide the hourly wage by the labor productivity (suchas square feet per manhour in column 1). That’s yourlabor cost per unit. Multiply by 100 if the units used are100 linear feet or 100 square feet. ($10 ÷ 400 x 100 =$2.50.)

Column 5: Labor BurdenFor each dollar of wages your company pays, at

least another 28 cents has to be paid in payroll tax andfor insurance. That’s part of your labor burden. The restis fringe benefits such as vacation pay, health benefitsand pension plans.

Federal taxes are the same for all employers. Statetaxes vary from state to state. Fringe benefits vary themost. Generally, larger companies with more skilledpainters offer considerably more fringe benefits thansmaller companies.

In the estimating tables, the labor burden percent-age varies with the application rate. For “Slow” (repaint)work, it’s assumed to be 29.5 percent of $19.75 or$5.83 per hour. For “Medium” (commercial) work, theestimating tables use 35.4 percent of $25.25 or $8.94per hour. For “Fast” (residential tract) work, the laborburden is 40.8 percent of $31.75 or $12.95 per hour.

Figure 14 shows how the labor burden percentageswere compiled for each application rate.

FICA — Social Security tax: This is the portionpaid by employers and is set by federal law. A similaramount is withheld from each employee’s wage anddeposited with a Federal Reserve bank by theemployer.

FUTA — Federal Unemployment Insurance tax:Paid entirely by the employer and set by federal law. Noportion is deducted from employee wages.

SUI — State Unemployment Insurance: Variesfrom state to state.

WCI — Workers’ Compensation Insurance:Provides benefits for employees in case of injury on thejob. Workers’ comp is required by state law. Rates varyby state, job description and the loss experience of theemployer.

Liab. Ins. — Liability Insurance: Covers injury ordamage done to the public by employees.Comprehensive contractor’s liability insurance includescurrent operations, completed operations, bodily injury,property damage, protective and contractual coverageswith a $1,000,000 policy limit.

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Fringe benefits: Vac is vacation pay. Med is med-ical insurance. Life is life insurance contribution.Pension is a pension plan contribution. Training is anapprentice training fund.

Vacation, life, pension and training paymentsdepend on the agreement between employers andemployees. These are voluntary contributions if notrequired by a collective bargaining agreement. Smallercompanies are less likely to provide these benefits. Thecost of fringe benefits in a painting company can rangefrom zero to more than 10 percent of wages.

Column 6: Material Cost per UnitThis column is the result of dividing column 3 (mate-

rial cost) by column 2 (material coverage) for eachapplication rate. For example, in Figure 2 in the“Medium” row, a material cost of $32.80 is divided bymaterial coverage of 275, then multiplied by 100 toarrive at $11.93 per 100 square feet. That’s the figurelisted for “Medium” in column 6.

Column 7: OverheadThe overhead rate for “Slow” (repaint) jobs is

assumed to be 19 percent. For “Medium” (commercialprojects), overhead is 25 percent. For “Fast” (residentialtracts), overhead is 31 percent. The overhead cost perunit in each row is calculated by adding the labor costper unit, labor burden per unit, and material cost perunit and then multiplying by the appropriate overheadpercentage.

There are two types of overhead, direct overheadand indirect overhead. Only indirect overhead is includ-ed in the “Overhead” column of the estimating costtables. Enter your direct overhead costs on a separateline on your take-off sheet.

Direct overhead is job site overhead, expenses youcharge to a specific job. Examples include performancebonds, special insurance premiums, or rental of a jobsite storage trailer. These expenses are not included inthe estimating tables and have to be added to your esti-mates. On many jobs, there may be little or no directoverhead.

Indirect overhead is office overhead, expenses thataren’t related to any particular job and that tend to continue whether the volume of work increases ordecreases. Examples are non-trade salaries, officerent, vehicles, sales and financial expenses, insurance,taxes and licenses.

The percentage of income spent on overhead isassumed to be lower for high volume companies andhigher for low volume companies. A large companyworking many projects at the same time can spreadoverhead costs over many projects — charging asmaller percentage of overhead to each job. The morejobs, the lower the overhead per job — assuming over-head doesn’t increase faster than business volume.

On the other hand, a small business may have toabsorb all overhead on a single job. Even painting con-tractors who work out of their homes have overheadexpenses.

Figure 14Labor burden percentages

Fixed burden Fringe benefits

FICA FUTA SUI WCILiab.Ins. Vac Med Life Pension Training Total

Slow 7.65% 0.8% 3.0% 10.5% 6.55% 0 1.0% 0 0 0 29.50%

Medium 7.65% 0.8% 4.5% 12.5% 6.95% .5% 2.0% .25% .25% 0 35.40%

Fast 7.65% 0.8% 6.0% 13.5% 7.35% 1.5% 3.0% .25% 0.5% .25% 40.80%

SAMPLE

Here’s one overhead expense every paint contractorhas and that you might overlook: the cost of estimatingjobs. That’s part of the salary cost of the employee whodoes the estimating.

Figure Overhead Carefully

Estimating indirect (office) overhead isn’t as easy asestimating labor and material. There aren’t as manyclear-cut answers. That’s why indirect overhead is oftenunderestimated. Don’t make that mistake in your esti-mates. Underestimating overhead is the same as giv-ing up part of your profit. After all, indirect overheadexpenses are real costs, just like paint, labor and taxes.

In large painting companies, management accumu-lates indirect overhead costs and translates them into apercentage the estimator should add to the costs ofeach job. In smaller companies, the estimator shouldkeep a record of indirect overhead expenses. With agood record of overhead expense, you can calculateyour overhead percentage for future periods very accu-rately. Then it’s easy to add a percentage for indirectoverhead costs into your estimate.

Computing Your Overhead Percentage

Here’s how to decide which overhead rate to use inthe cost estimating tables:

1) List all your overhead expenses for at least thelast six months; a year would be better.You needoverhead cost information that goes back farenough to eliminate the effect of seasonalchanges in business volume

If your company is new, estimate your annualoverhead by projecting overhead costs for thefirst full year. For example, if you’ve been in busi-ness for five months and overhead has been$5,500 so far, you can expect annual overheadto be about $13,200 ($5,500 divided by 5 andmultiplied by 12).

2) Here’s how to calculate your indirect overheadpercentage:

Annual indirect overhead= Overhead %

Annual job expenses

Calculate your indirect overhead by adding togeth-er your real (or anticipated) annual expenses for thefollowing:

Salaries. Include what you pay for all employeesexcept trade workers, plus payroll-related expenses forall employees.

Office and shop expense. Rent or mortgage, utilities,furniture and equipment, maintenance, office suppliesand postage, storage sheds, warehouses, fences oryard maintenance.

Vehicles. Lease or purchase payments, mainte-nance, repairs and fuel.

Sales promotion. Advertising, entertainment andsales-related travel.

Taxes. Property tax and income tax, and sales tax (ifnot included in your material prices).

Licenses. Contractor’s and business licenses.

Insurance. General liability, property and vehiclepolicies.

Interest expense. Loan interest and bank charges.Also consider loss of interest on payments retained bythe general contractor until the job is finished.

Miscellaneous expenses. Depreciation and amorti-zation on building and vehicles, bad debts, legal andaccounting fees, and educational expenses.

Direct overhead is easier to figure. It’s all job expenses except tradesman labor, payroll taxes andinsurance, materials, equipment, subcontracts, andcontingency expenses. Permits, bonds, fees and spe-cial insurance policies for property owners are alsoexamples of direct overhead. Add the direct overheadexpense on the appropriate lines in your estimate.Direct overhead is not included in the estimating tablesin this manual.

Field Equipment May Be Part of Overhead

As you may have noticed, there’s no equipment costcolumn in the estimating tables. Instead, field equip-ment expense is included in the overhead percentagefor “Fast” and “Medium” work but not “Slow” work.


32

SAMPLE


33

Equipment Rental RatesUse the following rates only as a guide. They may not be accurate for your area.

Verify equipment rental rates at your local yard.

RentalDay Week Month

Acoustical sprayer 57.90 172.00 432.00

Air compressors

Electric or gasoline, wheel mounted5 CFM, 1.5 HP, electric 34.80 106.00 268.00 8 CFM, 1.5 HP, electric 41.70 123.00 307.00

10 CFM, 5.5 HP, gasoline 47.60 142.00 354.00 15 CFM, shop type, electric 53.20 161.00 402.00 50 CFM, shop type, electric 70.70 211.00 527.00

100 CFM, gasoline 96.20 287.00 718.00125 CFM, gasoline 108.00 326.00 813.00150 CFM, gasoline 122.00 364.00 908.00175 CFM, gasoline 133.00 402.00 1,010.00190 CFM, gasoline 147.00 440.00 1,100.00

Diesel, wheel mounted160 to 159 CFM 108.00 326.00 975.00160 to 249 CFM 133.00 401.00 1,200.00250 to 449 CFM 198.00 593.00 1,780.00450 to 749 CFM 294.00 881.00 2,650.00750 to 1199 CFM 402.00 1,200.00 3,610.00

1200 CFM & over 587.00 1,760.00 6,560.00

Air hose - with coupling, 50' lengths1/4" I.D. 7.64 23.20 57.903/8" I.D. 9.03 26.70 67.101/2" I.D. 10.20 30.10 76.405/8" I.D. 11.60 34.80 86.803/4" I.D. 12.80 38.20 96.20

1" I.D. 14.00 41.70 105.001-1/2" I.D. 20.40 61.40 153.00

Boomlifts

3' x 4' to 3' x 8' basket20' two wheel drive 179.00 536.00 1,610.0030' two wheel drive 216.00 651.00 1,950.0040' four wheel drive 249.00 747.00 2,240.0050' - 1000 lb. 410.00 1,230.00 3,680.00

Telescoping and articulating booms, self propelled, gas ordiesel powered, 2-wheel drive

21' to 30' high 255.00 765.00 2,290.0031' to 40' high 320.00 957.00 2,870.0041' to 50' high 415.00 1,250.00 3,740.0051' to 60' high 509.00 1,530.00 4,600.00

Burner, paint 15.30 46.30 114.00


Dehumidifier - 5000 Btu, 89 lb, 8.7 amp70.70 211.00 527.00

Ladders

Aluminum extension16' to 36' 38.20 114.00 287.0040' to 60' 57.90 172.00 432.00

Step - fiberglass or wood6' 10.20 30.70 76.408' 12.80 38.20 96.20

10' 15.30 46.00 114.0012' 17.90 53.60 134.0014' 20.40 61.40 153.0016' 25.50 76.40 191.0020' 33.20 99.50 249.00

Ladder jacks - No guardrail. 10.20 25.50 63.70

Masking paper dispenser 25.50 63.70 160.00

Painter’s pic (walkboards); No guardrail.(Also known as airplane planks, toothpicks and bananaboards)

16' long 10.20 30.70 76.4020' long 20.40 61.40 153.0024' long 25.50 76.40 191.0028' long 30.70 91.60 229.0032' long 35.90 108.00 268.00

Planks - plain end microlam scaffold plank9" wide 12.80 38.20 96.20

10" wide 15.30 46.00 114.00 12" wide 17.90 53.60 134.00

Pressure washers (See Water pressure washers)

Sandblast compressor and hopperTo 250 PSI 76.40 229.00 575.00Over 250 to 300 PSI 109.00 326.00 813.00Over 600 to 1000 PSI 140.00 421.00 1,050.00

Sandblast machines

150 lb pot with hood, 175 CFM compressor294.00 881.00 2,210.00

300 lb pot with hood, 325 CFM compressor525.00 1,560.00 3,930.00

600 lb pot with hood, 600 CFM compressor950.00 2,860.00 7,130.00

Figure 15Typical equipment purchase and rental prices

SAMPLE


34


Sandblast hoses - 50' lengths, coupled3/8" I.D. 12.80 38.20 97.203/4" I.D. 17.90 53.60 133.00

1" I.D. 22.90 68.40 172.001-1/4" I.D. 25.50 76.40 192.001-1/2" I.D. 28.10 84.50 211.00

Sandblast accessoriesNozzles, all types 22.90 69.50 172.00Hood, air-fed 35.70 108.00 269.00Valves, remote control (deadman, all sizes)

38.20 114.00 287.00

SandersBelt - 3" 17.90 53.60 134.00Belt - 4" x 24" 21.70 64.80 163.00Disc - 7" 28.10 84.50 211.00Finish sander, 6" 15.30 46.00 114.00Floor edger, 7" disk, 29#, 15 amp.

25.50 76.40 191.00Floor sander, 8" drum, 118#, 14 amp.

57.50 171.00 432.00Palm sander, 4" x 4" 12.80 38.20 96.20Palm sander, 4-1/2" x 9-1/4" 15.30 46.00 114.00

Scaffolding, rolling stage, caster mounted, 30" wide by 7' or 10' long4' to 6' reach 50.90 102.00 204.007' to 11' reach 63.70 128.00 255.0012' to 16' reach 89.10 179.00 357.0017' to 21' reach 122.00 242.00 485.0022' to 26' reach 134.00 268.00 536.0027' to 30' reach 146.00 293.00 587.00Casters - each 12.81 25.50 38.20

Scissor lifts

Electric powered, rolling with 2' x 3' platform, 650 lb capacity30' high 96.20 287.00 861.0040' high 166.00 499.00 1,490.0050' high 191.00 575.00 1,720.00

Rolling, self-propelled, hydraulic, electric poweredto 20' high 140.00 568.00 1,270.0021' to 30' high 172.00 516.00 1,550.0031' to 40' high 216.00 651.00 1,950.00

Rolling, self-propelled, hydraulic, diesel poweredto 20' high 160.00 480.00 1,440.0021' to 30' high 198.00 593.00 1,770.0031' to 40' high 255.00 767.00 2,290.00

Spray rigs

Airless pumps, complete with gun and 50' of lineTitan 447, 7/8 HP, electric 89.10 269.00 805.00


Titan 660, 1 HP, electric 102.00 307.00 920.00Gasoline, .75 gpm 109.00 326.00 1,010.00

Emulsion pumps65 gal, 5 HP engine 89.10 269.00 805.00200 gal, 5 HP engine 102.00 303.00 920.00Emulsion airless, 1.25 gpm, gasoline

109.00 326.00 1,010.00

Conventional pumps, gas, portableHigh pressure, low vol. (HVLP) 57.90 172.00 517.008 CFM complete 76.40 229.00 689.0017 CFM complete 83.40 249.00 747.0085 CFM complete 96.20 287.00 861.00150 CFM complete 140.00 421.00 1,270.00Spray rig accessories: 6' wand 9.03 26.90 67.10

Striper, paint (parking lot striping)Aerosol 25.50 76.40 191.00Pressure regulated 37.10 108.00 269.00

Swing stage, rentalAny length drop, motor operated, excluding safety gearand installation or dismantling. Note: Must be set up by aprofessional to ensure safety.Swing stage 128.00 382.00 1,140.00Basket 64.80 192.00 574.00Bosun’s chair 64.80 192.00 574.00

Swing stage safety gear, purchase onlySafety harness (114.00)4' lanyard with locking snap at each end (83.40)DBI rope grab for 5/8" safety line (89.10)Komet rope grab for 3/4" safety line (128.00)

Texturing equipmentTexturing gun - w/ hopper, no compressor

6.48 19.20 57.90 Texturing mud paddle mixer 9.03 26.80 81.10Texturing outfit - 1 HP w/ gun, 50' hose, 75 PSI

14.10 42.10 126.00Wallpaper hanging kit 21.70 64.80 195.00

Wallpaper steamerElectric, small, 10 amp 25.50 76.40 229.00Electric, 15 amp 38.20 114.00 345.00Pressurized, electric 48.50 146.00 437.00

Water pressure washer (pressure washer, water blaster,power washer)1000 PSI, electric, 15 amp 57.90 172.00 516.002000 PSI, gas 96.20 287.00 861.002500 PSI, gas 102.00 307.00 920.003500 PSI, gas 112.00 337.00 1,010.00

Figure 15 (continued)Typical equipment purchase and rental prices

SAMPLE


35

New Construction and Commercial Work: Theoverhead percentage for “Fast” (residential tract) workand “Medium” (commercial) projects includes equip-ment costs such as ladders, spray equipment, andmasking paper holders.Those items are used on manyjobs, not just one specific job. The overhead allowancecovers equipment purchase payments, along withmaintenance, repairs and fuel. If you have to rentequipment for a specific new construction project, addthat rental expense as a separate cost item in yourestimate.

Repaint Jobs: Overhead rates for “Slow” (repaint)work do not include equipment costs. When you esti-mate a repaint job, any small or short-term job, or a jobthat uses only a small quantity of materials, add thecost of equipment at the rental rate — even if the equip-ment is owned by your company.

Rental yards quote daily, weekly and monthly equip-ment rental rates. Figure 15 shows typical rental costsfor painting equipment. Your actual equipment costsmay be different. Here’s a suggestion that can save youmore than a few minutes on the telephone collectingrental rates. Make up a blank form like Figure 15 andgive it to your favorite rental equipment suppliers. Askeach supplier to fill in current rental costs. Use the com-pleted forms until you notice that rates have changed.Then ask for a new set of rental rates.

Commissions and Bonuses

Any commissions or bonuses you have to pay on ajob aren’t included in the estimating tables. You mustadd these expenses to your bid.

Painting contractors rarely have a sales staff, sothere won’t be sales commissions to pay on most jobs.There’s one exception, however. Most room additionand remodeling contractors have salespeople. Andmany of their remodeling projects exclude painting. Infact, their contract may specify that the owner isresponsible for the painting. These jobs may be a goodsource of leads for a painting contractor. Develop arelationship with the remodeling contractor’s salesstaff (with the remodeling contractor’s approval, ofcourse). If you have to pay a sales commission for thereferral, this is direct overhead and has to be added tothe estimate.

Some painting contractors pay their estimators abonus of 1 to 3 percent per job in addition to theirsalary. If you offer an incentive like this, add the cost toyour estimate, again as a direct overhead item.

An Example of Overhead

Here’s an example of how overhead is added intoan estimate. A painting company completed 20 newhousing projects in the last year. Average revenue perproject was $50,000. Gross receipts were $1,000,000and the company made a 5 percent profit.

Gross income $1,000,000

Less the profit earned (5%) - 50,000

Gross expenses 950,000

Less total direct job cost - 825,000

Indirect overhead expense 125,000

125,000 (overhead cost)= 0.1515 or 15.15%

825,000 (direct job cost)

When you’ve calculated indirect overhead as a per-centage of direct job cost, add that percentage to yourestimates. If you leave indirect overhead out of yourestimates, you’ve left out some very significant costs.

Column 8: ProfitThe estimating tables assume that profit on “Slow”

(repaint) jobs is 16 percent, profit on “Medium” (com-mercial) projects is 12 percent and profit on “Fast” (res-idential tract) jobs is 7 percent. Calculate the profit perunit by first adding together the costs in columns 4(labor cost per unit), column 5 (labor burden per unit),column 6 (material costs per unit), and column 7 (over-head per unit). Then multiply the total by the appropri-ate profit percentage to find the profit per unit.

It’s my experience that larger companies with largerprojects can survive with a smaller profit percentage.Stiff competition for high volume tract work forces bid-ders to trim their profit margin. Many smaller compa-nies doing custom work earn a higher profit marginbecause they produce better quality work, have fewerjobs, and face less competition.

SAMPLE


36

Profit and Risk

Profit is usually proportionate to risk. The more risk,the greater the potential profit has to be to attract bid-ders. Smaller companies handling custom or repaintwork have more risk of a major cost overrun becausethere are many more variables in that type of work. It’susually safe to estimate a smaller profit on new workbecause new work tends to be more predictable. Therisk of loss smaller.

How do you define risk? Here’s my definition: Risk isthe headache factor, the number and size of potentialproblems you could face in completing the project.Repaint jobs have more unknowns, so they’re a greaterrisk. And dealing with an indecisive or picky homeown-er can be the greatest headache of all. You may needto use a profit margin even higher than the 15 to 35range indicated for high-risk work in Figure 16.

Tailoring Your Profit Margin

Of course, your profit margin has to be based on thejob, your company and the competition. But don’t cutyour profit to the bone just to get more work. Instead,review your bid to see if there are reasons why thestandard costs wouldn’t apply.

I use the term standard base bid to refer to myusual charge for all the estimated costs, including mystandard profit. Before submitting any bid, spend aminute or two deciding whether your standard basebid will apply.

Risk Factors

Your assessment of the difficulty of the job mayfavor assigning a risk factor that could be used to mod-ify your profit percentage. The higher the risk, the high-er potential profit should be. My suggestions are inFigure 16.

As you might expect, opinions on difficulty factorscan vary greatly. There’s a lot of knowledge involved.You need experience and good judgment to applythese factors effectively.

Bidding Variables

Of course, your profit may be affected by an error inevaluating the job risk factor.You can greatly reduce therisk by accurately evaluating the bidding variables inFigure 17. Make adjustments to your standard base bidfor example, if you expect your crews to be more or lessefficient on this project, or if you expect competition tobe intense. If there are logical reasons to modify yourstandard base bid, make those changes.

But remember, if you adjust your standard basebid, you’re not changing your profit margin.You’re onlyallowing for cost variables in the job. Adjust your stan-dard base costs for unusual labor productivity, materi-al or equipment cost changes, or because of unusualoverhead conditions. Review the following biddingvariables when deciding how to adjust your standardbase bid.

Normal profit Difficulty ProposedRisk factor (assume 10%) factor profit range

High risk 10% x 1.5 to 3.5 = 15% to 35%

Average risk 10% x 1.3 to 1.4 = 13% to 14%

Moderate risk 10% x 1.0 to 1.2 = 10% to 12%

Low risk 10% x 0.5 to 0.9 = 5% to 9%

Figure 16Risk factors and profit margin

SAMPLE


37

The Bottom Line

The profit margin you include in estimates dependson the way you do business, the kind of work you do,and your competition. Only you can decide what per-centage is right for your bids. Don’t take another paintestimator’s advice on the “correct” profit margin.

There’s no single correct answer. Use your own judg-ment. But here are some typical profit margins for thekinds of work most painting contractors do.

Repaints: Custom 20 to 35%Average 15 to 20%

Commercial or industrial 10 to 15%New residential: 1-4 units 10 to 12%

5 or more 5 to 7%Government work 5 to 7%

Column 9: Total Cost

The costs in Column 9 of Figure 2, and all the esti-mating tables in this book, are the totals per unit foreach application rate in columns 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Thatincludes labor, labor burden, material cost, overheadand profit.

Sample Estimate

Figure 18 is a sample repaint estimate, using theslow production rate, for a small house with manyamenities. The final bid total is the bid price. Figure 19is a blank estimating form for your use.

Figure 17Bidding variables

Reputations andAttitudes■ Owner■ Architect■ General Contractor■ Lender■ Inspector

The Project■ Building type■ Project size■ Your financial limits ■ Start date ■ Weather conditions■ Manpower availability

and capability

The Site■ Location (distance from

shop and suppliers)■ Accessibility■ Working conditions■ Security requirements■ Safety considerations

Competition■ Number bidding■ Their strength, size and

competence

Desire for the work

SAMPLE

38

Figure 18Sample painting estimate

Date 1/7/13 Due date 1/15/13Customer Dan Gleason Job name Gleason RepaintAddress 3333 A Street Job location 3333 A StreetCity/State/Zip Yourtown, USA 77777 Estimate # 13-012Phone (619) 555-1212 Total square feet 1,020 SF (5 rooms)Estimated by CHS Checked by Jack

Interior Costs

Operation MaterialApplication

Method DimensionsQuantity

SF/LF/EachUnit Cost

Per SFTotalCost

1 Ceilings - T & G Semi-Trans-WB R + B 17.5 x 15.3 x 1.3 348 SF x .39 = $ 136.00

2 Beams to 13’H Solid Body-WB R + B 17.5 x 7 122.5 LF x 2.25 = $ 276.003 Ceilings - GYP. Drywall Orange Peel-Flat R 127 + 127 254 SF x .28 = $ 71.004 Ceilings - GYP. Drywall Sealer-WB R 75 + 15 + 40 130 SF x .25 = $ 33.005 Ceilings - GYP. Drywall Enamel-WB R 75 + 15 + 40 130 SF x .32 = $ 42.006 Walls - GYP. Drywall Orange Peel-Flat R 675 + 392 + 392 1,459 SF x .26 = $ 379.007 Walls - Above 8’ (clip) Orange Peel-Flat R + B 70 + 85 = 155 x 1.3 201.5 SF x .26 = $ 52.008 Walls - GYP. Drywall Sealer-WB R 280 + 128 + 208 616 SF x .27 = $ 166.009 Walls - GYP. Drywall Enamel-WB R 280 + 128 + 208 616 SF x .35 = $ 216.00

10 Doors-Flush Undercoat R + B Opening Count 10 Ea = 146.34 = $ 146.0011 Doors-Flush Enamel-WB R + B Opening Count 10 Ea = 165.25 = $ 165.0012 Baseboard - Prime Flat w/walls R + B 64 + 49 + 49 162 LF x .10 = $ 16.0013 Baseboard - Finish Enamel B 11 + 16 + 35 62 LF x .45 = $ 28.0014 Railing- W.I.-Preprimed Enamel/Off-white B 42" High 15 LF x 2.09 = $ 31.0015 Valance-Light-2” x 8” Solid BodyStain B 2 x 8 10 LF x 1.84 = $ 18.0016 Registers Spray Can Spray 1,020 SF Home 1,020 SF x .06 = $ 61.0017 x = $18 x = $

Total Interior Costs (includes overhead and profit) = $ 1,836.00

Exterior Costs



SF/LF/EachUnit Cost

Per SF1 Roof Jacks - 1 Story Finish-enamel B 1 Story 1 House x = $

2 S.M. Diverter-3" W Finish-enamel B 14 14 LF x = $

3 S.M. Vents & Flashing Finish-enamel B 1 Story 1 House x = $

4 Fascia - 2 x 8 Solid-water Roll 66 + 59 125 LF x = $

5 Overhang - 24" Solid-water R + B (132 + 76) x 1.5 312 SF x = $

6 Siding - R.S. Wood Solid-water Roll (1/2 x 24 x 4.5) x 2 108 SF x = $

7 Plaster / Stucco Masonry Paint Roll 255+255+204+204 918 SF x = $

8 Door - Panel (Entry) Enamel 2 coats R + B Entry 1 Ea x = $

9 Door - Flush Enamel 2 coats R + B Exterior 1 Ea x = $

10 Plant-On Trim - 2 x 4 Solid-water R + B 66 + 62 + 52 180 LF x = $

11 PassThrough-Preprimed Finish-enamel B 10 10 LF x = $

12 Pot Shelf Solid-water R + B 27 27 LF x = $

13 x = $

14 x = $

15 x = $

16 x = $

17 x = $

18 x = $

Total Exterior Costs (includes overhead and profit)= $ 1,120.00

86456565652282282282281081084343180224182

FormulaPage

26.88.24

57.30.79.70.50

.41

67.0029.85

.64

1.88

2.03

TotalCost27.00

3.0057.0099.00

218.0054.00

376.00

67.0030.00115.00

19.00

55.00

18319819912016021016910198162162172

FormulaPage

SAMPLE

39

Figure 18 (continued)Sample painting estimate

Preparation Costs

Operation DimensionsQuantity

SF/LF/EachUnit

Per SF1 Sand/PuttyWoodCeil (Sidingx1.3) 17.5 x 15.3 x 1.3 348 SF x .20 = $2 Sand and Putty Int. Wall 675 + 392 + 392 1,459 SF x .19 = $3 Lt. Sand Doors/Frames (Enamel) 14 Ea x 21 SF x 2 Sides 588 SF x .27 = $4 Wash Int. Walls/Ceil-Enamel 280 + 128 + 208 616 SF x .19 = $5 Waterblast Exterior Stucco 125 + 210 + 108 + 918 1,361 SF x .05 = $6 Sand and Putty Ext. Trim 125 + 210 + 108 443 SF x .35 = $7 Caulk Ext. Windows-1/8" gap 20 + 15 + 10 + 20 + 12 77 SF x .62 = $8 x = $9 x = $

10Total Preparation Costs (includes overhead and profit)

x= $= $

SURRPTUCU Costs

Operation Description Labor hoursLabor cost(at $25.58) Material cost

SetUp 2 Days @1/day 2.0 51.16 —Remove/Replace Hardware & Plates 1.25 31.98 —

Protection Furniture & Floors 2.0 51.16 20.00TouchUp is applied as a percentage of the total costs. See Extensions

CleanUp 2 Days @1/day 2.0 51.16 —

Equipment Costs Extensions

Equipmentdescription Rental days Daily cost Total cost Setup

Supervision ( 2 Hr. ) $$

51.0051.00

Pressure Washer 1 96.20 $ Remove/replace $ 32.00Ladders, 6', 2 Ea 1 10.20 $ Protection $ 71.00Palm Sander 4” x 4” 1 12.80 $ Cleanup $ 51.00

$ Equipment $ 129.00

$ Subcontracts $ 0

$ Commissions $ 0Total Equipment Costs $ 129.00 Other costs $ 0

Subtotal $ 385.00Overhead ( 19 %) $ 73.00Profit ( 16 %) $ 73.00Subcontractor Costs

Subtotal $ 531.00Trade Bid Amount Preparation $ 894.00

Pavement marking $ 0 Interior total $ 1,836.00Sandblasting $ 0 Exterior total $ 1,120.00Scaffolding $ 0 Subtotal $ 4,381.00Wallcovering $ 0 Touchup ( 10 %) $ 438.00Waterblasting $ 0 Contingency ( 0 %) $ 0Other _____________ $ 0 Total base bid $ 4,819.00Other _____________ $ 0 Adjustment ( -2 %) $ (96.00)Other _____________ $ 0 Final bid total $ 4,723.00

$ — Price per SF (1020 ) $ 4.63Price per room ( 5 ) $ 945.00

Totalcost70.00

277.00159.00

117.0068.00

155.0048.00

894.00

FormulaPage300300301313

315

300298

Total Subcontractor Costs

FormulaPage

666

6

Totals51.0032.0071.00

51.00

96.0020.0013.00

FormulaPage

343334

SAMPLE

40

Figure 19Blank painting estimate

Date Due dateCustomer Job nameAddress Job locationCity/State/Zip Estimate #Phone Total square feetEstimated by Checked by

Interior Costs



SF/LF/Each Unit Cost Total Cost1 x = $2 x = $3 x = $4 x = $5 x = $6 x = $7 x = $8 x = $9 x = $

10 x = $11 x = $12 x = $13 x = $14 x = $15 x = $16 x = $17 x = $18 x = $

Total Interior Costs (includes overhead and profit) = $

Exterior Costs



SF/LF/Each Unit Cost Total Cost1 x = $2 x = $3 x = $4 x = $5 x = $6 x = $7 x = $8 x = $9 x = $

10 x = $11 x = $12 x = $13 x = $14 x = $15 x = $16 x = $17 x = $18 x = $

Total Exterior Costs (includes overhead and profit) = $

SAMPLE

$

41

Figure 19 (continued)Blank painting estimate

Preparation Costs

Operation DimensionsQuantity

SF/LF/Each Unit cost Total cost1 x = $2 x = $3 x = $4 x = $5 x = $6 x = $7 x = $8 x = $9 x = $

10 x = $Total Preparation Costs (includes overhead and profit) = $

SURRPTUCU Costs

Operation Description Labor hoursLabor cost(at ) Material cost Totals

SetUpRemove/Replace

ProtectionTouchUp is applied as a percentage of the total costs. See Extensions

$

CleanUp

Equipment Costs Extensions

Equipmentdescription Rental days Daily cost Total cost

Supervision ( ) $

$ Remove/replace $$ Protection $$ Cleanup $$ Equipment $$ Subcontracts $$ Commissions $

Total Equipment Costs Other costs $Subtotals $

Overhead ( %) $Profit ( %) $Subcontractor Costs

Subtotal $Trade Bid Amount Preparation $

Pavement marking $ Interior total $Sandblasting $ Exterior total $Scaffolding $ Subtotal $Wallcovering $ Touchup ( %) $Waterblasting $ Contingency ( %) $Other ______ $ Total base bid $Other ______ $ Adjustment ( %) $Other ______ $ Final bid total $Total Subcontractor Costs $ Price per SF ( ) $

Price per room ( ) $

Setup $

SAMPLE

SAMPLE

General Painting Costs

Labor Material Material Labor Labor Material Overhead Profit TotalLF per coverage cost per cost per burden cost per per per price per

manhour LF/gallon gallon 100 LF 100 LF 100 LF 100 LF 100 LF 100 LF

Baseboard, per linear foot Roll 1 coat with walls, brush touchup, paint grade base Flat latex, water base, (material #5)

Slow 900 800 37.50 2.19 .65 4.69 1.43 1.43 10.39Medium 1200 750 32.80 2.10 .74 4.37 1.80 1.08 10.09Fast 1500 700 28.10 2.12 .87 4.01 2.17 .64 9.81

Enamel, water base (material #9)Slow 600 750 48.70 3.29 .98 6.49 2.04 2.05 14.85Medium 800 725 42.60 3.16 1.11 5.88 2.54 1.52 14.21Fast 1000 700 36.50 3.18 1.29 5.21 3.00 .89 13.57

Enamel, oil base (material #10)Slow 600 750 62.30 3.29 .98 8.31 2.39 2.39 17.36Medium 800 725 54.50 3.16 1.11 7.52 2.95 1.77 16.51Fast 1000 700 46.70 3.18 1.29 6.67 3.46 1.02 15.62

Brush 1 coat, cut-in, paint grade base Enamel, water base (material #9)

Slow 100 700 48.70 19.75 5.83 6.96 6.18 6.20 44.92Medium 120 675 42.60 21.04 7.44 6.31 8.70 5.22 48.71Fast 140 650 36.50 22.68 9.24 5.62 11.64 3.44 52.62

Enamel, oil base (material #10)Slow 100 700 62.30 19.75 5.83 8.90 6.55 6.56 47.59Medium 120 675 54.50 21.04 7.44 8.07 9.14 5.48 51.17Fast 140 650 46.70 22.68 9.24 7.18 12.12 3.59 54.81

Spray 1 coat, stain in boneyard, stain grade base Wiping stain (material #11a)

Slow -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --Medium 1500 1750 41.90 1.68 .61 2.39 1.17 .70 6.55Fast 2000 1500 35.90 1.59 .65 2.39 1.44 .42 6.49

Use these figures for 1-1/2 inch to 3 inch baseboard stock, painted or stained on one side. Measurements are based on linear feet of baseboard. Paint grade base is painted after it is installed but stain grade base is usually stained in a boneyard. Typically, finger joint stock is paint grade and butt joint stock is stain grade. These figures include minimal preparation time and material. Add for extensive preparation. "Slow" work is based on an hourly wage of $19.75, "Medium" work on an hourly wage of $25.25, and "Fast" work on an hourly wage of $31.75. Other qualifications that apply to this table are on page 9.

43

SAMPLE


Labor Material Material Labor Labor Material Overhead Profit TotalSF per coverage cost per cost per burden cost per per per price per

manhour SF/gallon gallon 100 SF 100 SF 100 SF 100 SF 100 SF 100 SF

Baseboard, per square foot of floor area Roll 1 coat with walls, brush touchup, paint grade base Flat latex, water base, (material #5)

Slow 2500 1500 37.50 .79 .23 2.50 .67 .67 4.86Medium 2750 1250 32.80 .92 .31 2.62 .97 .58 5.40Fast 3000 1000 28.10 1.06 .42 2.81 1.33 .39 6.01

Enamel, water base (material #9)Slow 2000 1000 48.70 .99 .29 4.87 1.17 1.17 8.49Medium 2200 900 42.60 1.15 .39 4.73 1.57 .94 8.78Fast 2400 800 36.50 1.32 .56 4.56 1.99 .59 9.02

Enamel, oil base (material #10)Slow 2000 1000 62.30 .99 .29 6.23 1.43 1.43 10.37Medium 2200 900 54.50 1.15 .39 6.06 1.91 1.14 10.65Fast 2400 800 46.70 1.32 .56 5.84 2.39 .71 10.82

Brush 1 coat, cut-in, paint grade base Enamel, water base (material #9)

Slow 500 1500 48.70 3.95 1.17 3.25 1.59 1.59 11.55Medium 550 1350 42.60 4.59 1.63 3.16 2.34 1.41 13.13Fast 600 1200 36.50 5.29 2.17 3.04 3.25 .96 14.71

Enamel, oil base (material #10)Slow 500 1500 62.30 3.95 1.17 4.15 1.76 1.76 12.79Medium 550 1350 54.50 4.59 1.63 4.04 2.56 1.54 14.36Fast 600 1200 46.70 5.29 2.17 3.89 3.52 1.04 15.91

Spray 1 coat, stain in boneyard, stain grade base Wiping stain (material #11a)

Slow -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --Medium 4000 1350 41.90 .63 .22 3.10 .99 .59 5.53Fast 5000 1200 35.90 .64 .25 2.99 1.21 .36 5.45

Baseboard measurements are based on square feet of floor area. Use these figures for 1-1/2 inch to 3 inch stock, painted or stained on one side. Stain grade base is to be stained in a boneyard. Typically, finger joint stock is paint grade and butt joint stock is stain grade. These figures include minimal preparation time and material. Add for extensive preparation. "Slow" work is based on an hourly wage of $19.75, "Medium" work on an hourly wage of $25.25, and "Fast" work on an hourly wage of $31.75. Other qualifications that apply to this table are on page 9.

44

SAMPLE




Beams, per linear foot, heights to 13 feet Solid body stain, water base (material #18) Roll & brush each coat

Slow 35 50 45.00 56.43 16.65 90.00 30.99 31.05 225.12Medium 40 45 39.40 63.13 22.35 87.56 43.26 25.96 242.26Fast 45 40 33.70 70.56 28.76 84.25 56.92 16.84 257.33

Solid body stain, oil base (material #19) Roll & brush each coat

Slow 35 50 51.40 56.43 16.65 102.80 33.42 33.49 242.79Medium 40 45 44.90 63.13 22.35 99.78 46.32 27.79 259.37Fast 45 40 38.50 70.56 28.76 96.25 60.64 17.94 274.15

Semi-transparent stain, water base (material #20) Roll & brush each coat

Slow 40 55 45.60 49.38 14.57 82.91 27.90 27.96 202.72Medium 45 50 39.90 56.11 19.86 79.80 38.94 23.37 218.08Fast 50 45 34.20 63.50 25.90 76.00 51.28 15.17 231.85

Semi-transparent stain, oil base (material #21) Roll & brush each coat

Slow 40 55 49.40 49.38 14.57 89.82 29.22 29.28 212.27Medium 45 50 43.20 56.11 19.86 86.40 40.59 24.36 227.32Fast 50 45 37.00 63.50 25.90 82.22 53.21 15.74 240.57

Beam measurements are based on linear feet of installed 4" x 6" to 8" x 14" beams. High time difficulty factors are already figured into the formulas. "Slow" work is based on an hourly wage of $19.75, "Medium" work on an hourly wage of $25.25, and "Fast" work on an hourly wage of $31.75. Other qualifications that apply to this table are on page 9.

45

SAMPLE




Beams, per linear foot, heights from 13 to 17 feet Solid body stain, water base (material #18) Roll & brush each coat

Slow 24 50 45.00 82.29 24.30 90.00 37.35 37.43 271.37Medium 27 45 39.40 93.52 33.12 87.56 53.55 32.13 299.88Fast 30 40 33.70 105.83 43.16 84.25 72.31 21.39 326.94


Slow 24 50 51.40 82.29 24.30 102.80 39.78 39.86 289.03Medium 27 45 44.90 93.52 33.12 99.78 56.60 33.96 316.98Fast 30 40 38.50 105.83 43.16 96.25 76.03 22.49 343.76


Slow 28 55 45.60 70.54 20.81 82.91 33.11 33.18 240.55Medium 31 50 39.90 81.45 28.85 79.80 47.52 28.51 266.13Fast 34 45 34.20 93.38 38.08 76.00 64.32 19.03 290.81


Slow 28 55 49.40 70.54 20.81 89.82 34.42 34.49 250.08Medium 31 50 43.20 81.45 28.85 86.40 49.17 29.50 275.37Fast 34 45 37.00 93.38 38.08 82.22 66.25 19.60 299.53




Slow 16 50 45.00 123.44 36.44 90.00 47.47 47.57 344.92Medium 18 45 39.40 140.28 49.68 87.56 69.38 41.63 388.53Fast 20 40 33.70 158.75 64.75 84.25 95.41 28.22 431.38


Slow 16 50 51.40 123.44 36.44 102.80 49.90 50.01 362.59Medium 18 45 44.90 140.28 49.68 99.78 72.43 43.46 405.63Fast 20 40 38.50 158.75 64.75 96.25 99.13 29.32 448.20


46

SAMPLE





Slow 19 55 45.60 103.95 30.68 82.91 41.33 41.42 300.29Medium 21 50 39.90 120.24 42.57 79.80 60.65 36.39 339.65Fast 23 45 34.20 138.04 56.32 76.00 83.81 24.79 378.96


Slow 19 55 49.40 103.95 30.68 89.82 42.64 42.73 309.82Medium 21 50 43.20 120.24 42.57 86.40 62.30 37.38 348.89Fast 23 45 37.00 138.04 56.32 82.22 85.74 25.36 387.68




Slow 12 50 45.00 164.58 48.58 90.00 57.59 57.72 418.47Medium 14 45 39.40 180.36 63.86 87.56 82.94 49.77 464.49Fast 16 40 33.70 198.44 80.94 84.25 112.73 33.35 509.71


Slow 12 50 51.40 164.58 48.58 102.80 60.03 60.15 436.14Medium 14 45 44.90 180.36 63.86 99.78 86.00 51.60 481.60Fast 16 40 38.50 198.44 80.94 96.25 116.45 34.45 526.53


Slow 14 55 45.60 141.07 41.65 82.91 50.46 50.57 366.66Medium 16 50 39.90 157.81 55.88 79.80 73.37 44.02 410.88Fast 18 45 34.20 176.39 71.96 76.00 100.55 29.74 454.64


Slow 14 55 49.40 141.07 41.65 89.82 51.78 51.89 376.21Medium 16 50 43.20 157.81 55.88 86.40 75.02 45.01 420.12Fast 18 45 37.00 176.39 71.96 82.22 102.48 30.31 463.36



47

SAMPLE




Bookcases and shelves, paint grade, brush application Undercoat, water base (material #3) Roll & brush 1 coat

Slow 25 300 34.70 79.00 23.32 11.57 21.64 21.68 157.21Medium 30 280 30.40 84.17 29.79 10.86 31.21 18.72 174.75Fast 35 260 26.00 90.71 37.00 10.00 42.69 12.63 193.03

Undercoat, oil base (material #4) Roll & brush 1 coat

Slow 25 340 44.90 79.00 23.32 13.21 21.95 22.00 159.48Medium 30 318 39.30 84.17 29.79 12.36 31.58 18.95 176.85Fast 35 295 33.70 90.71 37.00 11.42 43.13 12.76 195.02

Split coat (1/2 undercoat + 1/2 enamel), water base (material #3 + #9) Roll & brush each coat

Slow 40 350 41.70 49.38 14.57 11.91 14.41 14.44 104.71Medium 45 328 36.50 56.11 19.86 11.13 21.78 13.07 121.95Fast 50 305 31.25 63.50 25.90 10.25 30.89 9.14 139.68

Split coat (1/2 undercoat + 1/2 enamel), oil base (material #4 + #10) Roll & brush each coat

Slow 40 350 53.60 49.38 14.57 15.31 15.06 15.09 109.41Medium 45 328 36.50 56.11 19.86 11.13 21.78 13.07 121.95Fast 50 305 31.25 63.50 25.90 10.25 30.89 9.14 139.68

Enamel, water base (material #9) Roll & brush 1st finish coat

Slow 35 340 48.70 56.43 16.65 14.32 16.61 16.64 120.65Medium 40 318 42.60 63.13 22.35 13.40 24.72 14.83 138.43Fast 45 295 36.50 70.56 28.76 12.37 34.63 10.24 156.56

Roll & brush 2nd or additional finish coatsSlow 40 350 48.70 49.38 14.57 13.91 14.79 14.82 107.47Medium 45 328 42.60 56.11 19.86 12.99 22.24 13.34 124.54Fast 50 305 36.50 63.50 25.90 11.97 31.43 9.30 142.10

Enamel, oil base (material #10) Roll & brush 1st finish coat

Slow 35 340 62.30 56.43 16.65 18.32 17.37 17.40 126.17Medium 40 318 54.50 63.13 22.35 17.14 25.66 15.39 143.67Fast 45 295 46.70 70.56 28.76 15.83 35.71 10.56 161.42


Bookcase and shelf estimates are based on overall dimensions (length times width) to 8 feet high and include painting all exposed surfaces (including stiles, interior shelves and backs). For heights above 8 feet, use the High Time Difficulty Factors on page 139. "Slow" work is based on an hourly wage of $19.75, "Medium" work on an hourly wage of $25.25, and "Fast" work on an hourly wage of $31.75. Other qualifications that apply to this table are on page 9.

48

SAMPLE




Bookcases and shelves, paint grade, spray application Undercoat, water base (material #3) Spray 1 coat

Slow 150 145 34.70 13.17 3.89 23.93 7.79 7.80 56.58Medium 165 133 30.40 15.30 5.42 22.86 10.90 6.54 61.02Fast 175 120 26.00 18.14 7.38 21.67 14.64 4.33 66.16

Undercoat, oil base (material #4) Spray 1 coat

Slow 150 145 44.90 13.17 3.89 30.97 9.13 9.15 66.31Medium 165 133 39.30 15.30 5.42 29.55 12.57 7.54 70.38Fast 175 120 33.70 18.14 7.38 28.08 16.62 4.92 75.14

Split coat (1/2 undercoat + 1/2 enamel), water base (material #3 + #9) Spray each coat

Slow 245 195 41.70 8.06 2.38 21.38 6.05 6.06 43.93Medium 270 183 36.50 9.35 3.30 19.95 8.15 4.89 45.64Fast 295 170 31.25 10.76 4.39 18.38 10.39 3.07 46.99

Split coat (1/2 undercoat + 1/2 enamel), oil base (material #4 + #10) Spray each coat

Slow 245 195 53.60 8.06 2.38 27.49 7.21 7.22 52.36Medium 270 183 46.90 9.35 3.30 25.63 9.57 5.74 53.59Fast 295 170 40.20 10.76 4.39 23.65 12.03 3.56 54.39

Enamel, water base (material #9) Spray 1st finish coat

Slow 225 170 48.70 8.78 2.58 28.65 7.60 7.62 55.23Medium 250 158 42.60 10.10 3.58 26.96 10.16 6.10 56.90Fast 275 145 36.50 11.55 4.72 25.17 12.84 3.80 58.08

Spray 2nd or additional finish coatsSlow 245 195 48.70 8.06 2.38 24.97 6.73 6.74 48.88Medium 270 183 42.60 9.35 3.30 23.28 8.99 5.39 50.31Fast 295 170 36.50 10.76 4.39 21.47 11.35 3.36 51.33

Enamel, oil base (material #10) Spray 1st finish coat

Slow 225 170 62.30 8.78 2.58 36.65 9.12 9.14 66.27Medium 250 158 54.50 10.10 3.58 34.49 12.04 7.23 67.44Fast 275 145 46.70 11.55 4.72 32.21 15.03 4.45 67.96



49

SAMPLE




Bookcases and shelves, stain grade Stain, seal & lacquer (7 step process) STEP 1: Sand & putty;

Slow 100 -- -- 19.75 5.83 -- 4.86 4.87 35.31Medium 125 -- -- 20.20 7.15 -- 6.84 4.10 38.29Fast 150 -- -- 21.17 8.64 -- 9.24 2.73 41.78

STEP 2 & 3: Stain (material #11a) & wipe Brush 1 coat & wipe

Slow 75 500 47.90 26.33 7.77 9.58 8.30 8.32 60.30Medium 85 475 41.90 29.71 10.50 8.82 12.26 7.36 68.65Fast 95 450 35.90 33.42 13.65 7.98 17.06 5.05 77.16

Spray 1 coat & wipeSlow 300 175 47.90 6.58 1.94 27.37 6.82 6.83 49.54Medium 400 138 41.90 6.31 2.24 30.36 9.73 5.84 54.48Fast 500 100 35.90 6.35 2.59 35.90 13.90 4.11 62.85

STEP 4: Sanding sealer (material #11b) Brush 1 coat

Slow 130 550 34.90 15.19 4.48 6.35 4.94 4.95 35.91Medium 140 525 30.50 18.04 6.37 5.81 7.56 4.54 42.32Fast 150 500 26.20 21.17 8.64 5.24 10.87 3.21 49.13

Spray 1 coatSlow 375 175 34.90 5.27 1.56 19.94 5.08 5.09 36.94Medium 475 138 30.50 5.32 1.89 22.10 7.33 4.40 41.04Fast 575 100 26.20 5.52 2.26 26.20 10.53 3.12 47.63

STEP 5: Sand lightlySlow 175 -- -- 11.29 3.32 -- 2.78 2.78 20.17Medium 225 -- -- 11.22 3.96 -- 3.80 2.28 21.26Fast 275 -- -- 11.55 4.72 -- 5.04 1.49 22.80

STEP 6 & 7: Lacquer (material #11c), 2 coats Brush 1st coat

Slow 140 400 40.50 14.11 4.15 10.13 5.40 5.41 39.20Medium 185 375 35.40 13.65 4.85 9.44 6.98 4.19 39.11Fast 245 350 30.30 12.96 5.28 8.66 8.34 2.47 37.71

Brush 2nd coatSlow 155 425 40.50 12.74 3.76 9.53 4.95 4.96 35.94Medium 208 413 35.40 12.14 4.31 8.57 6.25 3.75 35.02Fast 260 400 30.30 12.21 5.00 7.58 7.68 2.27 34.74

Spray 1st coatSlow 340 175 40.50 5.81 1.71 23.14 5.83 5.84 42.33Medium 458 138 35.40 5.51 1.94 25.65 8.28 4.97 46.35Fast 575 100 30.30 5.52 2.26 30.30 11.80 3.49 53.37

50

SAMPLE




Spray 2nd coatSlow 430 200 40.50 4.59 1.37 20.25 4.98 4.99 36.18Medium 530 163 35.40 4.76 1.70 21.72 7.04 4.23 39.45Fast 630 125 30.30 5.04 2.07 24.24 5.95 5.97 43.27

Complete 7 step stain, seal & lacquer process (material #11) Brush all coats

Slow 30 160 40.90 65.83 19.43 25.56 21.05 21.10 152.97Medium 35 150 35.80 72.14 25.54 23.87 23.09 23.14 167.78Fast 40 140 30.70 79.38 32.37 21.93 33.43 20.06 187.17

Spray all coatsSlow 65 60 40.90 30.38 8.96 68.17 26.88 16.13 150.52Medium 83 48 35.80 30.42 10.78 74.58 22.00 22.04 159.82Fast 100 35 30.70 31.75 12.95 87.71 33.10 19.86 185.37

Shellac, clear (material #12) Brush each coat

Slow 205 570 74.30 9.63 2.85 13.04 4.85 4.86 35.23Medium 230 545 65.00 10.98 3.89 11.93 6.70 4.02 37.52Fast 255 520 55.70 12.45 5.07 10.71 8.75 2.59 39.57

Varnish, flat or gloss (material #30c) Brush each coat

Slow 175 450 77.00 11.29 3.32 17.11 6.03 6.04 43.79Medium 200 438 67.30 12.63 4.47 15.37 8.12 4.87 45.46Fast 225 425 57.70 14.11 5.74 13.58 10.37 3.07 46.87

Penetrating stain wax (material #14) & polish Brush 1st coat

Slow 150 595 46.00 13.17 3.89 7.73 4.71 4.72 34.22Medium 175 558 40.30 14.43 5.09 7.22 6.69 4.01 37.44Fast 200 520 34.50 15.88 6.47 6.63 8.99 2.66 40.63

Brush 2nd or additional coatsSlow 175 600 46.00 11.29 3.32 7.67 5.57 3.34 31.19Medium 200 575 40.30 12.63 4.47 7.01 4.58 4.59 33.28Fast 225 550 34.50 14.11 5.74 6.27 6.54 3.92 36.58


51

SAMPLE




Cabinet backs, paint grade, brush Flat latex, water base (material #5) Brush each coat

Slow 100 300 37.50 19.75 5.83 12.50 7.24 7.25 52.57Medium 150 275 32.80 16.83 5.97 11.93 8.68 5.21 48.62Fast 200 250 28.10 15.88 6.47 11.24 10.42 3.08 47.09

Enamel, water base (material #9) Brush each coat

Slow 80 275 48.70 24.69 7.29 17.71 9.44 9.46 68.59Medium 130 250 42.60 19.42 6.87 17.04 10.83 6.50 60.66Fast 175 225 36.50 18.14 7.38 16.22 12.95 3.83 58.52

Enamel, oil base (material #10) Brush each coat

Slow 80 275 62.30 24.69 7.29 22.65 10.38 10.40 75.41Medium 130 250 54.50 19.42 6.87 21.80 12.02 7.21 67.32Fast 175 225 46.70 18.14 7.38 20.76 14.35 4.25 64.88



Cabinet faces, stain grade Complete 7 step stain, seal & 2 coat lacquer system (material #11) Brush all coats

Slow 20 190 40.90 98.75 29.15 21.53 28.39 28.45 206.27Medium 35 178 35.80 72.14 25.54 20.11 29.45 17.67 164.91Fast 50 165 30.70 63.50 25.90 18.61 33.49 9.91 151.41


Cabinet back estimates are based on overall dimensions (length times width) to 8 feet high and include painting the inside back wall of paint grade or stain grade cabinets. ADD for preparation time. For heights above 8 feet, use the High Time Difficulty Factors on page 139. Measurements are based on total area of cabinet faces. "Slow" work is based on an hourly wage of $19.75, "Medium" work on an hourly wage of $25.25, and "Fast" work on an hourly wage of $31.75. Other qualifications that apply to this table are on page 9.

Cabinet face estimates are based on overall dimensions (length times width) to 8 feet high. Use these figures to estimate finishing the faces of stain grade kitchen, bar, linen, pullman or vanity cabinets. ADD for preparation time. For heights above 8 feet, use the High Time Difficulty Factors on page 139. Measurements are based on total area of cabinet faces. "Slow" work is based on an hourly wage of $19.75, "Medium" work on an hourly wage of $25.25, and "Fast" work on an hourly wage of $31.75. Other qualifications that apply to this table are on page 9.

52

SAMPLE




Cabinets, paint grade, roll and brush Undercoat, water base (material #3) Roll & brush, 1 coat

Slow 75 260 34.70 26.33 7.77 13.35 9.02 9.04 65.51Medium 93 250 30.40 27.15 9.60 12.16 12.23 7.34 68.48Fast 110 240 26.00 28.86 11.77 10.83 15.95 4.72 72.13

Undercoat, oil base (material #4) Roll & brush, 1 coat

Slow 75 275 44.90 26.33 7.77 16.33 9.58 9.60 69.61Medium 93 268 39.30 27.15 9.60 14.66 12.86 7.71 71.98Fast 110 250 33.70 28.86 11.77 13.48 16.77 4.96 75.84

Split coat (1/2 undercoat + 1/2 enamel), water base (material #3 + #9) Roll & brush each coat

Slow 95 310 41.70 20.79 6.15 13.45 7.67 7.69 55.75Medium 113 298 36.50 22.35 7.91 12.25 10.63 6.38 59.52Fast 130 285 31.25 24.42 9.95 10.96 14.06 4.16 63.55

Split coat (1/2 undercoat + 1/2 enamel), oil base (material #4 + #10) Roll & brush each coat

Slow 95 310 53.60 20.79 6.15 17.29 8.40 8.42 61.05Medium 113 298 46.90 22.35 7.91 15.74 11.50 6.90 64.40Fast 130 285 40.20 24.42 9.95 14.11 15.03 4.45 67.96

Enamel, water base (material #9) Roll & brush 1st finish coat

Slow 85 300 48.70 23.24 6.84 16.23 8.80 8.82 63.93Medium 103 288 42.60 24.51 8.69 14.79 12.00 7.20 67.19Fast 120 275 36.50 26.46 10.78 13.27 15.66 4.63 70.80


Enamel, oil base (material #10) Roll & brush 1st finish coat

Slow 85 300 62.30 23.24 6.84 20.77 9.67 9.69 70.21Medium 103 288 54.50 24.51 8.69 18.92 13.03 7.82 72.97Fast 120 275 46.70 26.46 10.78 16.98 16.81 4.97 76.00


Cabinet estimates are based on overall dimensions (length times width) to 8 feet high and include painting the cabinet face, back of doors, stiles and rails. See Cabinet backs for painting the inside back wall of the cabinets. Use these figures to estimate paint grade kitchen cabinets. Use the Opening Count Method to estimate paint grade pullmans, vanities, bars or linen cabinets. For heights above 8 feet, apply the High Time Difficulty Factors to labor costs and the labor burden cost categories and add these figures to the total cost. Measurements are based on total area of cabinet faces. "Slow" work is based on an hourly wage of $19.75, "Medium" work on an hourly wage of $25.25, and "Fast" work on an hourly wage of $31.75. Other qualifications that apply to this table are on page 9.

53

SAMPLE




Cabinets, paint grade, spray application Undercoat, water base (material #3) Spray 1 coat

Slow 125 125 34.70 15.80 4.66 27.76 9.16 9.18 66.56Medium 140 113 30.40 18.04 6.37 26.90 12.83 7.70 71.84Fast 155 100 26.00 20.48 8.35 26.00 17.00 5.03 76.86

Undercoat, oil base (material #4) Spray 1 coat

Slow 125 135 44.90 15.80 4.66 33.26 10.21 10.23 74.16Medium 140 123 39.30 18.04 6.37 31.95 14.10 8.46 78.92Fast 155 110 33.70 20.48 8.35 30.64 18.44 5.45 83.36

Split coat (1/2 undercoat + 1/2 enamel), water base (material #3 + #9) Spray each coat

Slow 200 175 41.70 9.88 2.91 23.83 6.96 6.97 50.55Medium 225 163 36.50 11.22 3.96 22.39 9.40 5.64 52.61Fast 250 150 31.25 12.70 5.18 20.83 12.00 3.55 54.26

Split coat (1/2 undercoat + 1/2 enamel), oil base (material #4 + #10) Spray each coat

Slow 200 175 53.60 9.88 2.91 30.63 8.25 8.27 59.94Medium 225 163 46.90 11.22 3.96 28.77 10.99 6.59 61.53Fast 250 150 40.20 12.70 5.18 26.80 13.85 4.10 62.63


Slow 185 150 48.70 10.68 3.16 32.47 8.80 8.82 63.93Medium 210 138 42.60 12.02 4.25 30.87 11.79 7.07 66.00Fast 235 125 36.50 13.51 5.53 29.20 14.95 4.42 67.61


Enamel, oil base (material #10) Spray 1st finish coat

Slow 185 160 62.30 10.68 3.16 38.94 10.03 10.05 72.86Medium 210 148 54.50 12.02 4.25 36.82 13.28 7.97 74.34Fast 235 135 46.70 13.51 5.53 34.59 16.62 4.92 75.17


Cabinet estimates are based on overall dimensions (length times width) to 8 feet high and include painting the cabinet face, back of doors, stiles and rails. See Cabinet backs for painting the inside back wall of the cabinets. Use these figures to estimate paint grade kitchen cabinets. Use the Opening Count Method to estimate paint grade pullmans, vanities, bars or linen cabinets. For heights above 8 feet, apply the High Time Difficulty Factors to labor costs and the labor burden cost categories and add these figures to the total cost. Measurements are based on total area of cabinet faces. "Slow" work is based on an hourly wage of $19.75, "Medium" work on an hourly wage of $25.25, and "Fast" work on an hourly wage of $31.75. Other qualifications that apply to this table are on page 9.

54

SAMPLE




Cabinets, stain grade Stain, seal & 2 coats lacquer system (7 step process) STEP 1: Sand & putty;

Slow 125 -- -- 15.80 4.66 -- 3.89 3.90 28.25Medium 150 -- -- 16.83 5.97 -- 5.70 3.42 31.92Fast 175 -- -- 18.14 7.38 -- 7.92 2.34 35.78

STEP 2 & 3: Stain (material #11a) & wipe Brush 1 coat & wipe

Slow 65 450 47.90 30.38 8.96 10.64 9.50 9.52 69.00Medium 75 400 41.90 33.67 11.91 10.48 14.02 8.41 78.49Fast 85 350 35.90 37.35 15.22 10.26 19.48 5.76 88.07

Spray 1 coat & wipeSlow 250 175 47.90 7.90 2.33 27.37 7.14 7.16 51.90Medium 350 138 41.90 7.21 2.57 30.36 10.03 6.02 56.19Fast 450 100 35.90 7.06 2.86 35.90 14.21 4.20 64.23

STEP 4: Sanding sealer (material #11b) Brush 1 coat

Slow 110 450 34.90 17.95 5.30 7.76 5.89 5.90 42.80Medium 120 425 30.50 21.04 7.44 7.18 8.92 5.35 49.93Fast 130 400 26.20 24.42 9.95 6.55 12.69 3.75 57.36

Spray 1 coatSlow 330 175 34.90 5.98 1.77 19.94 5.26 5.27 38.22Medium 430 138 30.50 5.87 2.10 22.10 7.51 4.51 42.09Fast 530 100 26.20 5.99 2.46 26.20 10.74 3.18 48.57

STEP 5: Sand lightlySlow 200 -- -- 9.88 2.91 -- 2.43 2.44 17.66Medium 250 -- -- 10.10 3.58 -- 3.42 2.05 19.15Fast 300 -- -- 10.58 4.31 -- 4.62 1.37 20.88

STEP 6 & 7: Lacquer (material #11c), 2 coats Brush 1st coat

Slow 120 375 40.50 16.46 4.85 10.80 6.10 6.12 44.33Medium 165 350 35.40 15.30 5.42 10.11 7.71 4.62 43.16Fast 215 325 30.30 14.77 6.02 9.32 9.34 2.76 42.21


Spray 1st coatSlow 275 150 40.50 7.18 2.13 27.00 6.90 6.91 50.12Medium 388 100 35.40 6.51 2.31 35.40 11.05 6.63 61.90Fast 500 75 30.30 6.35 2.59 40.40 15.30 4.52 69.16

55

SAMPLE




Spray 2nd coatSlow 350 200 40.50 5.64 1.68 20.25 5.23 5.24 38.04Medium 475 163 35.40 5.32 1.89 21.72 7.23 4.34 40.50Fast 600 125 30.30 5.29 2.17 24.24 9.82 2.91 44.43

Complete 7 step stain, seal & 2 coat lacquer system (material #11) Brush all coats

Slow 20 125 40.90 98.75 29.15 32.72 30.51 30.58 221.71Medium 25 113 35.80 101.00 35.76 31.68 42.11 25.26 235.81Fast 30 100 30.70 105.83 43.16 30.70 55.71 16.48 251.88


Shellac, clear (material #12) Brush each coat

Slow 175 525 74.30 11.29 3.32 14.15 7.19 4.32 40.27Medium 200 513 65.00 12.63 4.47 12.67 9.23 2.73 41.73Fast 225 500 55.70 14.11 5.74 11.14 9.61 2.84 43.44

Varnish, flat or gloss (material #30c) Brush each coat

Slow 155 475 77.00 12.74 3.76 16.21 10.14 3.00 45.85Medium 180 463 67.30 14.03 4.98 14.54 6.37 6.39 46.31Fast 205 450 57.70 15.49 6.32 12.82 8.66 5.19 48.48

Penetrating stain wax (material #14) & polish Brush 1st coat

Slow 125 575 46.00 15.80 4.66 8.00 8.82 2.61 39.89Medium 150 538 40.30 16.83 5.97 7.49 5.75 5.76 41.80Fast 175 500 34.50 18.14 7.38 6.90 8.11 4.87 45.40


Cabinet estimates are based on overall dimensions (length times width) to 8 feet high. Use these figures to estimate stain grade kitchen, bar, linen, pullman or vanity cabinets. For the stain, seal and lacquer process, the figures include finishing both sides of cabinet doors, stiles and rails with a fog coat of stain on shelves and the wall behind the cabinet (cabinet back). See Cabinet backs for painting the inside back wall of the cabinets. For heights above 8 feet, use the High Time Difficulty Factors on page 139. Measurements are based on total area of cabinet faces. "Slow" work is based on an hourly wage of $19.75, "Medium" work on an hourly wage of $25.25, and "Fast" work on an hourly wage of $31.75. Other qualifications that apply to this table are on page 9.

56

SAMPLE




Ceiling panels, suspended, fiber panels in T-bar frames, brush application Flat latex, water base (material #5) Brush 1st coat

Slow 80 260 37.50 24.69 7.29 14.42 8.81 8.83 64.04Medium 110 230 32.80 22.95 8.13 14.26 11.33 6.80 63.47Fast 140 200 28.10 22.68 9.24 14.05 14.25 4.22 64.44


Enamel, water base (material #9) Brush 1st coat

Slow 65 260 48.70 30.38 8.96 18.73 11.03 11.06 80.16Medium 100 230 42.60 25.25 8.94 18.52 13.18 7.91 73.80Fast 125 200 36.50 25.40 10.36 18.25 16.74 4.95 75.70


Enamel, oil base (material #10) Brush 1st coat

Slow 65 250 62.30 30.38 8.96 24.92 12.21 12.24 88.71Medium 95 213 54.50 26.58 9.42 25.59 15.40 9.24 86.23Fast 125 175 46.70 25.40 10.36 26.69 19.36 5.73 87.54


Ceiling panel estimates are based on overall dimensions (length times width) to 8 feet high. Do not make deductions for openings in the ceiling area that are under 100 square feet. For heights above 8 feet, use the High Time Difficulty Factors on page 139. "Slow" work is based on an hourly wage of $19.75, "Medium" work on an hourly wage of $25.25, and "Fast" work on an hourly wage of $31.75. Other qualifications that apply to this table are on page 9.

57

SAMPLE




Ceiling panels, suspended, fiber panels in T-bar frame, roll application Flat latex, water base (material #5) Roll 1st coat

Slow 150 270 37.50 13.17 3.89 13.89 5.88 5.89 42.72Medium 215 235 32.80 11.74 4.16 13.96 7.47 4.48 41.81Fast 280 200 28.10 11.34 4.62 14.05 9.31 2.75 42.07

Roll 2nd or additional coats Slow 225 280 37.50 8.78 2.58 13.39 4.70 4.71 34.16Medium 288 260 32.80 8.77 3.09 12.62 6.12 3.67 34.27Fast 350 240 28.10 9.07 3.71 11.71 7.59 2.24 34.32

Enamel, water base (material #9) Roll 1st coat

Slow 135 250 48.70 14.63 4.32 19.48 7.30 7.32 53.05Medium 200 220 42.60 12.63 4.47 19.36 9.12 5.47 51.05Fast 265 190 36.50 11.98 4.87 19.21 11.18 3.31 50.55

Roll 2nd or additional finish coats Slow 210 280 48.70 9.40 2.78 17.39 5.62 5.63 40.82Medium 273 260 42.60 9.25 3.26 16.38 7.23 4.34 40.46Fast 335 240 36.50 9.48 3.89 15.21 8.85 2.62 40.05

Enamel, oil base (material #10) Roll 1st coat

Slow 135 240 62.30 14.63 4.32 25.96 8.53 8.55 61.99Medium 200 230 54.50 12.63 4.47 23.70 10.20 6.12 57.12Fast 265 210 46.70 11.98 4.87 22.24 12.12 3.59 54.80

Roll 2nd or additional finish coats Slow 210 275 62.30 9.40 2.78 22.65 6.62 6.63 48.08Medium 273 250 54.50 9.25 3.26 21.80 8.58 5.15 48.04Fast 335 230 46.70 9.48 3.89 20.30 10.43 3.09 47.19


58

SAMPLE




Ceiling panels, suspended, fiber panels in T-bar frame, spray application Flat latex, water base (material #5) Spray 1st coat

Slow 300 250 37.50 6.58 1.94 15.00 4.47 4.48 32.47Medium 345 238 32.80 7.32 2.60 13.78 5.92 3.55 33.17Fast 390 225 28.10 8.14 3.30 12.49 7.42 2.20 33.55

Spray 2nd or additional coatsSlow 500 270 37.50 3.95 1.17 13.89 3.61 3.62 26.24Medium 545 260 32.80 4.63 1.63 12.62 4.72 2.83 26.43Fast 590 250 28.10 5.38 2.17 11.24 5.83 1.73 26.35

Enamel, water base (material #9) Spray 1st coat

Slow 275 250 48.70 7.18 2.13 19.48 5.47 5.48 39.74Medium 325 238 42.60 7.77 2.76 17.90 7.11 4.26 39.80Fast 375 225 36.50 8.47 3.46 16.22 8.73 2.58 39.46


Enamel, oil base (material #10) Spray 1st coat

Slow 275 240 62.30 7.18 2.13 25.96 6.70 6.71 48.68Medium 325 220 54.50 7.77 2.76 24.77 8.82 5.29 49.41Fast 375 200 46.70 8.47 3.46 23.35 10.94 3.24 49.46



59

SAMPLE




Ceiling pans, metal, exterior enamel finish Enamel, water base (material #24) Brush each coat

Slow 80 450 50.90 24.69 7.29 11.31 8.22 8.24 59.75Medium 100 388 44.50 25.25 8.94 11.47 11.42 6.85 63.93Fast 125 325 38.20 25.40 10.36 11.75 14.73 4.36 66.60

Enamel, oil base (material #25) Brush each coat

Slow 80 400 61.80 24.69 7.29 15.45 9.01 9.03 65.47Medium 103 338 54.10 24.51 8.69 16.01 12.30 7.38 68.89Fast 125 275 46.30 25.40 10.36 16.84 16.31 4.82 73.73

Enamel, water base (material #24) Roll each coat

Slow 175 425 50.90 11.29 3.32 11.98 5.05 5.06 36.70Medium 200 368 44.50 12.63 4.47 12.09 7.30 4.38 40.87Fast 225 300 38.20 14.11 5.74 12.73 10.11 2.99 45.68

Enamel, oil base (material #25) Roll each coat

Slow 175 375 61.80 11.29 3.32 16.48 5.91 5.92 42.92Medium 200 313 54.10 12.63 4.47 17.28 8.60 5.16 48.14Fast 225 250 46.30 14.11 5.74 18.52 11.90 3.52 53.79

Enamel, water base (material #24) Spray each coat

Slow 550 380 50.90 3.59 1.07 13.39 3.43 3.44 24.92Medium 600 370 44.50 4.21 1.50 12.03 4.43 2.66 24.83Fast 650 260 38.20 4.88 2.00 14.69 6.68 1.98 30.23

Enamel, oil base (material #25) Spray each coat

Slow 550 330 61.80 3.59 1.07 18.73 4.44 4.45 32.28Medium 600 270 54.10 4.21 1.50 20.04 6.44 3.86 36.05Fast 650 210 46.30 4.88 2.00 22.05 8.97 2.65 40.55


60

SAMPLE




Ceilings, acoustic spray-on texture on gypsum drywall Acoustic spray-on texture, primer (material #6) Spray prime coat

Slow 250 100 28.60 7.90 2.33 28.60 7.38 7.39 53.60Medium 300 90 25.10 8.42 2.97 27.89 9.82 5.89 54.99Fast 350 80 21.50 9.07 3.71 26.88 12.29 3.64 55.59

Acoustic spray-on texture, finish (material #7) Spray 1st finish coat

Slow 400 180 34.50 4.94 1.46 19.17 4.86 4.87 35.30Medium 450 170 30.10 5.61 1.98 17.71 6.33 3.80 35.43Fast 500 160 25.80 6.35 2.59 16.13 7.77 2.30 35.14



manhour SF/pound pound 100 SF 100 SF 100 SF 100 SF 100 SF 100 SF

Ceilings, stipple finish texture paint, light, on drywall Stipple finish texture paint, Drypowder mix, light coverage (material #8) Spray each coat

Slow 225 10.0 .86 8.78 2.58 8.60 3.79 3.80 27.55Medium 250 7.5 .76 10.10 3.58 10.13 5.95 3.57 33.33Fast 275 5.0 .65 11.55 4.72 13.00 9.07 2.68 41.02

Ceiling texture estimates are based on overall dimensions (length times width) to 8 feet high. Do not make deductions for openings in the ceiling area that are under 100 square feet. For heights above 8 feet, use the High Time Difficulty Factors on page 139. "Slow" work is based on an hourly wage of $19.75, "Medium" work on an hourly wage of $25.25, and "Fast" work on an hourly wage of $31.75. Other qualifications that apply to this table are on page 9.

Estimates for stipple finish texture paint are based on overall dimensions (length times width) to 8 feet high. Do not make deductions for openings in the ceiling area that are under 100 square feet. For heights above 8 feet, use the High Time Difficulty Factors on page 139. "Slow" work is based on an hourly wage of $19.75, "Medium" work on an hourly wage of $25.25, and "Fast" work on an hourly wage of $31.75. Other qualifications that apply to this table are on page 9.

61

SAMPLE


Labor Material Material Labor Labor Material Overhead Profit Total SF per coverage cost per cost per burden cost per per per price per


Ceilings, gypsum drywall, anti-graffiti stain eliminator Water base primer and pigmented sealer (material #39) Roll & brush each coat

Slow 350 450 55.10 5.64 1.68 12.24 3.71 3.72 26.99Medium 375 425 48.30 6.73 2.40 11.36 5.12 3.07 28.68Fast 400 400 41.40 7.94 3.24 10.35 6.67 1.97 30.17

Oil base primer and pigmented sealer (material #40) Roll & brush each coat

Slow 350 400 51.30 5.64 1.68 12.83 3.82 3.83 27.80Medium 375 388 44.90 6.73 2.40 11.57 5.17 3.10 28.97Fast 400 375 38.40 7.94 3.24 10.24 6.64 1.96 30.02

Polyurethane 2 part system (material #41) Roll & brush each coat

Slow 300 400 154.70 6.58 1.94 38.68 8.97 8.99 65.16Medium 325 375 135.40 7.77 2.76 36.11 11.66 6.99 65.29Fast 350 350 116.00 9.07 3.71 33.14 14.23 4.21 64.36

Ceiling estimates are based on overall dimensions (length times width) to 8 feet high. Do not make deductions for openings in the ceiling area that are under 100 square feet. For heights above 8 feet, use the High Time Difficulty Factors on page 139. "Slow" work is based on an hourly wage of $19.75, "Medium" work on an hourly wage of $25.25, and "Fast" work on an hourly wage of $31.75. Other qualifications that apply to this table are on page 9.

62

SAMPLE




Ceilings, gypsum drywall, orange peel or knock-down texture, brush Flat latex, water base (material #5) Brush 1st coat

Slow 150 300 37.50 13.17 3.89 12.50 5.62 5.63 40.81Medium 175 288 32.80 14.43 5.09 11.39 7.73 4.64 43.28Fast 200 275 28.10 15.88 6.47 10.22 10.10 2.99 45.66


Brush 3rd or additional coatsSlow 200 400 37.50 9.88 2.91 9.38 4.21 4.22 30.60Medium 225 375 32.80 11.22 3.96 8.75 5.99 3.59 33.51Fast 250 350 28.10 12.70 5.18 8.03 8.03 2.38 36.32

Sealer, water base (material #1) Brush prime coat

Slow 175 300 31.90 11.29 3.32 10.63 4.80 4.81 34.85Medium 200 288 27.90 12.63 4.47 9.69 6.70 4.02 37.51Fast 225 275 23.90 14.11 5.74 8.69 8.85 2.62 40.01

Sealer, oil base (material #2) Brush prime coat

Slow 175 250 39.60 11.29 3.32 15.84 5.79 5.80 42.04Medium 200 238 34.70 12.63 4.47 14.58 7.92 4.75 44.35Fast 225 225 29.70 14.11 5.74 13.20 10.25 3.03 46.33

Enamel, water base (material #9) Brush 1st finish coat

Slow 150 350 48.70 13.17 3.89 13.91 5.88 5.90 42.75Medium 175 338 42.60 14.43 5.09 12.60 8.04 4.82 44.98Fast 200 325 36.50 15.88 6.47 11.23 10.41 3.08 47.07

Brush 2nd or additional finish coatsSlow 175 400 48.70 11.29 3.32 12.18 5.09 5.10 36.98Medium 200 375 42.60 12.63 4.47 11.36 7.12 4.27 39.85Fast 225 350 36.50 14.11 5.74 10.43 9.39 2.78 42.45

63

SAMPLE




Enamel, oil base (material #10) Brush 1st finish coat

Slow 150 325 62.30 13.17 3.89 19.17 6.88 6.90 50.01Medium 175 313 54.50 14.43 5.09 17.41 9.24 5.54 51.71Fast 200 300 46.70 15.88 6.47 15.57 11.76 3.48 53.16

Brush 2nd or additional finish coatsSlow 150 400 62.30 13.17 3.89 15.58 6.20 6.21 45.05Medium 175 375 54.50 14.43 5.09 14.53 8.52 5.11 47.68Fast 200 350 46.70 15.88 6.47 13.34 11.07 3.27 50.03

Epoxy coating, white (material #52) Brush 1st coat

Slow 125 350 200.60 15.80 4.66 57.31 14.78 14.81 107.36Medium 150 325 175.50 16.83 5.97 54.00 19.20 11.52 107.52Fast 175 300 150.50 18.14 7.38 50.17 23.47 6.94 106.10


Ceiling estimates are based on overall dimensions (length times width) to 8 feet high. Do not make deductions for openings in the ceiling area that are under 100 square feet. For heights above 8 feet, use the High Time Difficulty Factors on page 139. ADD for cutting-in at ceilings and protecting adjacent surfaces if ceilings alone are being painted, not walls. Otherwise, figure any cutting-in time with walls. See the notes under the wall formulas for clarification. "Slow" work is based on an hourly wage of $19.75, "Medium" work on an hourly wage of $25.25, and "Fast" work on an hourly wage of $31.75. Other qualifications that apply to this table are on page 9.

64

SAMPLE




Ceilings, gypsum drywall, orange peel or knock-down texture, roll Flat latex, water base (material #5) Roll 1st coat

Slow 325 300 37.50 6.08 1.80 12.50 3.87 3.88 28.13Medium 350 275 32.80 7.21 2.57 11.93 5.42 3.25 30.38Fast 375 250 28.10 8.47 3.46 11.24 7.18 2.12 32.47

Roll 2nd coatSlow 350 325 37.50 5.64 1.68 11.54 3.58 3.59 26.03Medium 375 313 32.80 6.73 2.40 10.48 4.90 2.94 27.45Fast 400 300 28.10 7.94 3.24 9.37 6.37 1.88 28.80

Roll 3rd or additional coatsSlow 400 350 37.50 4.94 1.46 10.71 3.25 3.26 23.62Medium 425 338 32.80 5.94 2.09 9.70 4.44 2.66 24.83Fast 450 325 28.10 7.06 2.86 8.65 5.76 1.70 26.03

Sealer, water base (material #1) Roll prime coat

Slow 350 300 31.90 5.64 1.68 10.63 3.41 3.41 24.77Medium 375 275 27.90 6.73 2.40 10.15 4.82 2.89 26.99Fast 400 250 23.90 7.94 3.24 9.56 6.43 1.90 29.07

Sealer, oil base (material #2) Roll prime coat

Slow 350 275 39.60 5.64 1.68 14.40 4.12 4.13 29.97Medium 375 250 34.70 6.73 2.40 13.88 5.75 3.45 32.21Fast 400 225 29.70 7.94 3.24 13.20 7.56 2.24 34.18

Enamel, water base (material #9) Roll 1st finish coat

Slow 325 325 48.70 6.08 1.80 14.98 4.34 4.35 31.55Medium 350 313 42.60 7.21 2.57 13.61 5.84 3.51 32.74Fast 375 300 36.50 8.47 3.46 12.17 7.47 2.21 33.78

Roll 2nd or additional finish coatsSlow 375 350 48.70 5.27 1.56 13.91 3.94 3.95 28.63Medium 400 338 42.60 6.31 2.24 12.60 5.29 3.17 29.61Fast 425 325 36.50 7.47 3.03 11.23 6.74 1.99 30.46

65

SAMPLE




Enamel, oil base (material #10) Roll 1st finish coat

Slow 325 300 62.30 6.08 1.80 20.77 5.44 5.45 39.54Medium 350 275 54.50 7.21 2.57 19.82 7.40 4.44 41.44Fast 375 250 46.70 8.47 3.46 18.68 9.49 2.81 42.91

Roll 2nd or additional finish coatsSlow 375 300 62.30 5.27 1.56 20.77 5.24 5.25 38.09Medium 400 288 54.50 6.31 2.24 18.92 6.87 4.12 38.46Fast 425 275 46.70 7.47 3.03 16.98 8.53 2.52 38.53

Epoxy coating, white (material #52) Roll 1st coat

Slow 300 300 200.60 6.58 1.94 66.87 14.32 14.35 104.06Medium 325 288 175.50 7.77 2.76 60.94 17.87 10.72 100.06Fast 350 275 150.50 9.07 3.71 54.73 20.93 6.19 94.63

Roll 2nd or additional coatsSlow 350 300 200.60 5.64 1.68 66.87 14.09 14.12 102.40Medium 375 288 175.50 6.73 2.40 60.94 17.51 10.51 98.09Fast 400 275 150.50 7.94 3.24 54.73 20.43 6.04 92.38

Ceiling estimates are based on overall dimensions (length times width) to 8 feet high. Do not make deductions for openings in the ceiling area that are under 100 square feet. For heights above 8 feet, use the High Time Difficulty Factors on page 139. ADD for cutting-in at ceilings and protecting adjacent surfaces if ceilings alone are being painted, not walls. Otherwise, figure any cutting-in time with walls. See the notes under the wall formulas for clarification. "Slow" work is based on an hourly wage of $19.75, "Medium" work on an hourly wage of $25.25, and "Fast" work on an hourly wage of $31.75. Other qualifications that apply to this table are on page 9.

66

SAMPLE




Ceilings, gypsum drywall, orange peel or knock-down texture, spray Flat latex, water base (material #5) Spray 1st coat

Slow 650 225 37.50 3.04 .90 16.67 3.92 3.92 28.45Medium 750 200 32.80 3.37 1.18 16.40 5.24 3.14 29.33Fast 850 175 28.10 3.74 1.53 16.06 6.61 1.96 29.90

Spray 2nd coatSlow 775 250 37.50 2.55 .75 15.00 3.48 3.48 25.26Medium 875 225 32.80 2.89 1.01 14.58 4.62 2.77 25.87Fast 975 200 28.10 3.26 1.34 14.05 5.78 1.71 26.14

Spray 3rd or additional coatsSlow 825 275 37.50 2.39 .71 13.64 3.18 3.19 23.11Medium 925 250 32.80 2.73 .96 13.12 4.21 2.52 23.54Fast 1025 225 28.10 3.10 1.28 12.49 5.22 1.54 23.63

Sealer, water base (material #1) Spray prime coat

Slow 700 225 31.90 2.82 .84 14.18 3.39 3.40 24.63Medium 800 200 27.90 3.16 1.11 13.95 4.56 2.73 25.51Fast 900 175 23.90 3.53 1.43 13.66 5.78 1.71 26.11

Sealer, oil base (material #2) Spray prime coat

Slow 700 200 39.60 2.82 .84 19.80 4.46 4.47 32.39Medium 800 188 34.70 3.16 1.11 18.46 5.69 3.41 31.83Fast 900 175 29.70 3.53 1.43 16.97 6.80 2.01 30.74


Slow 725 250 48.70 2.72 .81 19.48 4.37 4.38 31.76Medium 825 225 42.60 3.06 1.08 18.93 5.77 3.46 32.30Fast 925 200 36.50 3.43 1.40 18.25 7.15 2.12 32.35

Spray 2nd or additional finish coatSlow 775 275 48.70 2.55 .75 17.71 3.99 4.00 29.00Medium 875 250 42.60 2.89 1.01 17.04 5.24 3.14 29.32Fast 975 225 36.50 3.26 1.34 16.22 6.45 1.91 29.18

67

SAMPLE

440

A

Accessories,remove and replace . . . . . . . .9

Acid wash gutters &downspouts . . . . . . . . . . . . .296

Acoustic spray-on texture . . .61Adhesive coverage . . . . . . .422Adjustments to costs . . . . . . . .7Adobe block . . . . . . . . .144-146Air compressors, rental . . . . .33Air hose, rental . . . . . . . . . . .33Airblast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296Allowance

for supervision . . . . . . . . . .14overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32sundries . . . . . . . . . . . . .10, 26

Aluminum base paint . . . . . . . . . . . .19, 22, 25, 358

Aluminum siding . . . . . . . .202Anti-graffiti stain eliminator

. . . . .18, 21, 24, 62, 140, 225Apartments, allowancefor supervision . . . . . . . . . . .14

Application method . . . . . . . . .6Application rate

. . . . . . . . . .5, 13, 15, 30, 424Arched roof . . . . . . . . . . . . .184

B

Back-painting . . . . .94, 309-311Bags, strainer . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Balusters . . . . . . . . . . .173, 177Banana board . . . . . . . . . . . .33Bare duct . . . . . . . . . . .331-338Bare piping . . . . . . . . .357-365Bargaining, collective . . . . . .31Baseboard . . . . . . . . . . . .43-44

preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Basis for estimates . . . . . . . . .5Baths, painting . . . . . . . . . .231Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-47Bender paint pads . . . . . . . . .27Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

employee . . . . . . . . . . . .30-31fringe . . . . . . . . . . . . .7, 30-31health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Beveled siding . . . . . . .214-219

Bidexpiration date . . . . . . . . . .29standard base . . . . . . . . .36-37surface preparation . . . . . . .10

Bidding variables . . . . . . .36-37Bifold doors . . . . . . . . . . . .102Blank estimating form . . .40-41Blank painting estimate . . . .40Bleach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311Blinds and shutters . . . . . . .201Block filler .18, 21, 24, 140-141Board and batten siding .214-219Boiler room . . . . . . . . . . . . .357Bond, performance . . . . . . . .31Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Boneyard . . . . . . . . . . . . .43-44Bonuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9, 35Bookcases

paint grade . . . . . . . . . . .48-49stain grade . . . . . . . . . . .50-51

Boomlift, rental . . . . . . . . . . .33Borders, wallpaper . . . .424-425Bottom line . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Brick

masonry . . . . . . . . . . .141-146sandblasting . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Bridge painters, wages . . . . .30Brush-off blast . . . . . . .11, 303Brushes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Burden

employer’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8fixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5, 6

Burlap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433Burn off paint . . . . . . . . . . .297Butt joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435Butt siding . . . . . . . . . .214-219

C

Cabinetfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52masking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9paint grade . . . . . . . . . . .52-54stain grade . . . . . . . . . . .55-56

Calculatelabor rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32paint film thickness . . . . . .15profit percentage . . . . . . . . .35

Canvasinsulated ductwork . .339-347jacketed piping . . . . .365-370sheeting . . . . . . . . . . .433, 436

Caprailing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173sheet metal . . . . . . . . . . . .196

Carport overhang . . . . . . . . .159Casters, scaffolding . . . . . . . .33Categories, labor productivity .13Caulk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10, 298Caulking . . . . . . .19, 22, 25, 27Caulking gun . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Ceiling panels, suspended.57-59Ceiling pans . . . . . . . . . . . . .60Ceilings, drywall

acoustic spray-on texture . .61anti-graffiti stain eliminator.62orange peel texture . . . .63-68sand finish texture . . . . .67-74smooth finish . . . . . . . . .75-79

Ceilings, tongue & groovepaint grade . . . . . . . . . . .80-85stain grade . . . . . . . . . . .86-88

Cellulose, powdered . . . . . . . . . . . .19, 22, 25, 422

Chain link fence . . . . . . . . .123Clay brick tile . . . . . . .144-146Cleanup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9, 10Closets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102moldings . . . . . . . . . . .91, 102poles . . . . . . . . . . .88-89, 102shelves . . . . . . . . . .89-90, 102

Coatings, mixing . . . . . . . . . . .9Collective bargaining

agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Color codes, piping . . .359-370Color samples . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Colors, OSHA . . . . . .19, 22, 25Column headings defined . . .13Commercial

jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9sandblasting . . . . . . . .11, 304supervision, allowance for .14

Commercial blast . . . . . . . .304Commercial wallcoverings

fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . .430-431paper . . . . . . . . . . . . .434-436vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . .426-427

Commissions . . . . . . . . . . .9, 35Competition betweenmanufacturers . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Competition, bidding . . . .35-37Composition

roof shingles . . . . . . .185-189siding shingles . . . . . .203-207

Compressed air . . . . . . . . . .295Compressors, painting . . . . .356Computing overhead . . . . . . .32Concrete floors . . . . . .129-132Concrete Masonry Units

. . . . . . . . . .147-152, 354-355Concrete tilt-up walls . .412-417Condos, allowance for

supervision . . . . . . . . . . . .14Conduit . . . . . . . . . . . .318-325Conduit/pipe area conversiontable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325

Contingency allowance . . .9, 11Contractors, remodeling . . . .35Conversion table,conduit/pipe area . . . . . . . .325

Converting unit prices . . . . . . .9Corbels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92Cork wallcovering . . . .427, 429Cornice, overhang . . . . . . . .159Corrugated metal . . . . . . . . .326Corrugations, estimating

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326-329Cost estimates, basis for . . . . .6Cost overruns . . . . . . . . . . . .10Cost per unit . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Cost Plus Fee . . . . . . .296, 315Cost tables, using . . . . . . . . . .6Costs

customizing . . . . . . . . . . . . .7delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9equipment purchase & rental. 9labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6, 29material . . . . . . . . .6, 8, 16, 31miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . .10nonproductive labor . . . . . .14pavement marking . . . .10, 12preparation materials . . . . .10rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33-34sandblasting . . . . . . . . . .10-11subcontract . . . . . . . . . . .9-10supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

SAMPLE

Index

total, Column 9 . . . . . . . . . . .8variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7waterblasting . . . . . . . .11, 13

Cotton wall fabric . . . .433-434Coverage

material . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6, 15powdered adhesive . . . . . .422

Cracks, repair . . . . . . . . . . .298Crews

productivity . . . . . . . . . . . .13skill levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Custom homes, allowancefor supervision . . . . . . . . . . .14

Customizing cost tables . . . . .7Cut cracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298Cutting-in . . . . . . . . . . . . .92-94

D

Dark (OSHA) colors .19, 22, 25Davis Bacon Act . . . . . . . . . .30Deck enamel or epoxy

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 21, 24Deck overhang andsurface . . . . . . . . . . . . .94, 161

Deckingcorrugated metal . . . .326-327flat pan metal . . . . . .328-329

Decking factors,square corner . . . . . . . . . .327

Decorative railing . . . . . . . .173Deficient working conditions.11Definitions, column headings .13Delayed work . . . . . . . . . . . .29Delivery costs . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Demobilization . . . . . . . . . . . .9Direct overhead . . . . .31, 32, 35Discount tables . . . . . . . .17-25Discounts

material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16supplier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Diverters, sheet metal . . . . .198Door

frames . . . . . . . . . .95, 96, 102trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95, 96

DoorsDutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102exterior . . . . . . . . . . . .97-101flush . . . . . . . . . . .98, 109-111French . . . . . . . . .99, 111-112hollow metal . . . . . . . . . . .330interior . . .103, 109, 111, 113louvered . . . . . . .100, 113-115opening count method .102-108panel . . . . . . . . . . . . .116-118panel, entry . . . . . . . . . . . .101two-coat system . . . . .98-101

Downspoutsacid wash . . . . . . . . . . . . .296galvanized . . . . . . . . .138-139

Dripowder mixed . . .17, 20, 23Drop siding . . . . . . . . .214-219Dry pressed brick . . . . .144-146Drywall ceilings

acoustic spray-on texture . .61orange peel texture . . . .63-68sand finish texture . . . . .69-74

smooth finish . . . . . . . . .75-79taping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312

Drywall wallsorange peel texture . .226-233sand finish . . . . . . . . .234-239smooth finish . . . . . . .240-245taping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312

Ductworkbare duct . . . . . . . . . .331-338canvas insulated . . . .339-347

Dutch doors . . . . . . . . . . . . .102

E

Eaves, overhang . . . . . .159-161Edge scraping . . . . . . .309-311Efficiency, work . . . . . . . . . .14Electric conduit . . . . . .318-325Employee benefits . . . . . . . . .30Employer’s burden . . . . . . . . .8Enamel

exterior . . . . . . . . . .18, 21, 24heat resistant . . . . . . . . . . . .19oil based . . . . . . . . .17, 20, 23water based . . . . . . .17, 20, 23

Entrydoors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97-102overhang . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

Epoxy coating system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..19, 22, 25

Equipmentcosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9purchase costs . . . . . . . .33-34rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .9, 33-34sandblasting . . . . . . . . . . . .33spray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28, 34

Escalation . . . . . . . . . . . .26, 29Estimate, sample . . . . . . .38-39Estimating

accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8basis for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10exterior system . . . .18, 21, 24form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40-41interior system . . . .17, 20, 23price escalation . . . . . . .26-29reliable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5unit cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Evening work . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Excluded preparation costs.9-10Expendable tools andsupplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Expenseoverhead . . . . . . . . . . . . .5, 31supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Expiration date, bid . . . . . . . .29Exposed aggregate finish

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412-417Extensive preparation . . . . . .26Exterior

enamel . . . . . . . . . .18, 21, 24floors . . . . . . . . . . . . .129-136preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9railings . . . . . . . . . . . .173-174trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162-167

Extra heavy structuralsteel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373-377

F

Fascia . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118-122Fast application rate . . . . .6, 13Federal taxes . . . . . . . . . .30-31Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Felt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431, 433Fences

chain link . . . . . . . . . . . . .123picket . . . . . . . . . . . . .124-126wire mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . .123wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

Fiber ceiling panels . . . . .57-59FICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30-31Field equipment . . . . . . . .32-35Field production . . . . . . . . . .14

times & rates form . .419-420Field superintendent . . . .14, 30Figures

Basis for cost estimates . . . .6Bidding variables . . . . . . . .36Blank painting estimate . . .40Conduit/pipe area conversion table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325

Customizing the tables . . . . .7Equipment purchase & rental rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Interior opening count allowance table . . . . . . . .102

Labor burden percentages . .30Material coverage rates . . .15Material price discounts . . .16Material prices atdiscount . . . . . . . . .17, 20, 23

Pavement markingpricing table . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Risk factors and profitmargin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Sample painting estimate . .38Sandblasting pricing table .11Square corner deckingfactors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327

Structural steel conversion tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391

Sundry inventory checklist .27Surface area of spheres . .399Wage rates, wallcovering . .29Waterblasting pricing table .13

Fill wood floors . . . . . . . . . .299Filled block . . . . . . . . . . . . .355Filler

block . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 21, 24wood . . . . . . . . . . . .19, 22, 25

Film thickness, calculating . .15Fir siding . . . . . . . . . . .214-219Fire escapes . . . . . . . . .348-349Fire sprinkler systems . . . . .349Fireplace

masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

Firewood boxes . . . . . . . . . .128Fixed burden . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Flashing, sheet metal

. . . . . . . . . .196-197, 199-200Flat latex . . . . . . . . . .17, 20, 23Flat pan metal . . . . . . . . . . .328Flat roofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184Flexi-wall systems . . . . . . . .425Flexible wood sheet andveneer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425

Flexwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425Flock wallpaper . . . . . . . . . .435Floors

concrete . . . . . . . . . . .129-132wood . . . . . . . . . . . . .133-136

Flush doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98Foil wallpaper . . . . . . . . . . .435Forced Air Unit doors . . . . .102Foremen, project . . . . . . .14, 30Form

estimating . . . . . . . . . . .40-41field production times & rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419-420

Formulation, paint . . . . . . . . .16Frames, door . . . . . . . . . .95-96French doors . .99, 102, 111-112Fringe benefits . . . . . . .7, 30-31FUTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30-31

G

Gambrel roof . . . . . . . . . . . .184Garage door backs . . . . . . .137General painting costs . .42-293General qualifications . . . . . . .9Glazing . . . . . . . . . . .17, 20, 23Glove application

. . . . . .324-325, 337-338, 363Good neighbor fence . . . . . .123Graffiti eliminator .62, 140, 225Granite masonry . . . . . . . . .153Grasscloth . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433Grates, steel . . . . . . . . .350-353Grating deck, fire escapes . .348Gravel stop, sheet metal . . .198Grilles, steel . . . . . . . . .352-353Guaranteed maximum price .10Gutters . . . . . . . . . . . . .138-139

acid wash . . . . . . . . . . . . .296Gypsum drywall ceilings

acoustic spray-on texture . .61orange peel texture . . . .68-73sand finish texture . . . . .74-79smooth finish . . . . . . . . .62-66taping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312

Gypsum drywall walls .225-245orange peel texture . .226-233sand finish . . . . . . . . .234-239smooth finish . . . . . . .240-245taping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312

H

Hand-crafted wallpaper.435-436Hand-pasted wall covering

. . . . . . . . . .428-429, 432-434Handling, material . . . . . . . . . .9Handrail, wood . . . . . . . . . .175Hardware, remove andreplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-10

Headache factor . . . . . . . . . .35Health benefits . . . . . . . . . . .30Heat resistant enamel.19, 22, 25Heavy commercial paintingcosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317-418

Heavy mastic, sandblasting . .11Heavy structural steel .372-377Hemlock siding . . . . . .214-219

441

SAMPLE

442

High time difficulty factors .139Hollow metal doors . . . . . . .330Home office overhead . . . . . .31Homeowner, traits . . . . . . . . .35Hopper

roofs, exterior . . . . . .406-411walls, exterior . . . . . .400-405

Hot water radiators . . . . . . .371Hourly wage rate, cost book .10How to use the tables . . . . . . .6HVAC registers . . . . . . . . . .182Hydraulic fluid . . . . . . . . . . .27

I

Incentives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Included costs . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Indirect overhead . . . . . . .31-32Industrial

allowance for supervision . .14bonding . . . . . . . . . .19, 22, 25enamel . . . . . . . . . .19, 22, 25material . . . . . . . . . .19, 22, 25painting costs . . . . . .317-418waterproofing . . . . .19, 22, 25

Inflationary cost increases . .29Injury, compensation for . . . .30Institutional paintingcosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317-418

Institutional work, allowancefor supervision . . . . . . . . . . .14

Insulated piping . . . . . .365-370Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . .30-31

additional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31medical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31unemployment . . . . . . . .30-31

Interiorfloors . . . . . . . . . . . . .129-136railings . . . . . . . . . . . .175-178surface preparation . . . . . . . .9

Interior opening countallowance table . . . . . . . . . .102

Inventory, sundries . . . . . . . .26Iron painters, wages . . . . . . .30

J

Job conditions, unknown . . .11Job qualifications . . . . . . . . . .9Jobs

commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29repaint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9, 35residential tract . . . . . . . . . . .9time and material . . . . . . . .10

Joint lap siding . . . . . . .214-219Journeyman painters . . . . . . . .8Judgment, using . . . . . . . . . . .8

K

Kitchens, painting . . . . . . . .231

L

Laborburden . . . . . . . . . . . . .5, 6, 30

cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6, 29rate, calculating . . . . . . . . .30surface preparation . . . . . . .10

Labor burden percentages . . .30Labor productivity categories

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Lacquer, semi gloss,interior . . . . . . . . . . .17, 20, 23

Ladder jack, purchase . . . . . .33Ladders . . . . . . . . . . .9, 33, 354

rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Lattice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223Lemon oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Liability insurance . . . . . . . .31Life insurance . . . . . . . . . . . .31Light fixture valances . . . . .224Light structural steel . .378-384Linen wall fabric . . . . .431, 433Linen doors . . . . . . . . . . . . .102Liquid paste, wallpaper . . . .423Lites, window . . . . . . .290-291Loss, risk of . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Louvered doors

. . . . . . . . .100, 102, 113-115Low productivity . . . . . . . . . .14

M

Machine pasted wallcovering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426-431

Mail box structures . . . . . . .140Manhour productivity . . . . . . .6Mantel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128Marble masonry . . . . . . . . .153Margin of profit . . . . . . . .35-36Marine spar varnish

. . . . . . . . .18, 21, 24, 98-101Marking table, pavement . . .12Masking materials . . . . . . . . .27Masking paper dispenser . . .33Masks, particle . . . . . . . . . . .27Masonry

anti-graffiti staineliminator . . . . . . . . . . . .140

block filler . . . . . . . . . . . .140CMU, rough surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147-149, 354CMU, smooth surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150-152, 355granite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153new brick . . . . . . . . . .141-143paint . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 21, 24sandblasting . . . . . . . . . . . .11stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153used brick . . . . . . . . .144-146

Materialcosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6, 8, 10coverage rates . . . . . . . . .6, 15handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16, 26storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9, 16

Material cost per unit . . . . . .31Material formulation,

changes in . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Material price discounts .16, 26

20 percent . . . . . . . . . . .17-19

30 percent . . . . . . . . . . .20-2240 percent . . . . . . . . . . .23-25

Material pricing tables . . .17-25exterior paints . . . . .18, 21, 24industrial paints . . .19, 22, 25interior paints . . . . .17, 20, 23preparation . . . . . . .19, 22, 25wallcovering . . . . . .19, 22, 25

Maximum price, guaranteed .10Maximum productivity,conditions for . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Mechanical equipment . . . .356Medical insurance . . . . . . . . .31Medium application rate . .6, 13Medium finish,plaster walls . . . . . . . .246-252

Medium structural steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..385-390

Metalceiling pans . . . . . . . . . . . . .60finish-synthetic . . . .18, 21, 24primer . . . . . . . . . . .18, 21, 24stair stringers . . . . . . . . . .220surfaces . . . . . . . . . . .138-139

Minor price escalation . . . . .29Miscellaneous costs . . . . . . .10Mitt application

. . . . . .324-325, 337-338, 363Mixing boxes, painting . . . .356Mixing coatings . . . . . . . . . . .9Mobilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Model homes, allowancefor supervision . . . . . . . . . . .14

Molding . . . . . . . . . . . .153-158closet . . . . . . . . . .89, 91, 102exterior . . . . . . .153, 157-158interior . . . . . . . . . . . .153-158

Mullions & muntins . . . . . .290

N

National Estimator, installing .5Natural fabric . . . . . . . . . . .433Near white blast . . . . . .11, 306New construction preparation .9Newels . . . . . . . . . . . . .173, 177Non-productive time,supervisors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Normal preparation . . . . . . . .10“Not to exceed” bid . . . . . . . .10

O

Officehome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31overhead . . . . . . . . . . . .31-32rental, portable . . . . . . . . . .34

Oil paints, sandblasting . . . . .11Oil-based paint . .16, 17, 20, 23Opening count method

. . . . .88, 95-97, 102, 103-108Orange peel texture

ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . .63-68walls . . . . . . . . . . . . .226-234

OSHA colors . . . . . .19, 22, 25, . . . . . .356-388, 400-408, 410

Overhang . . . . . . . . . . .159-161Overhang difficulty factors .159

Overhead . . . . . . . . . . . .6, 8, 36allowance . . . . . . . . . . .32, 35computing . . . . . . . . . . .32, 35direct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5indirect . . . . . . . . . . . . .31-32office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Overtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9, 14Owner allowances . . . . . . . . . .9

P

Paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16aluminum-based . . .19, 22, 25burn off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297coverage formula . . . . . .15-16formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . .16masonry . . . . . . . . .18, 21, 24oil-based . . . . . .16, 17, 20, 23remover . . . . . . . . . .19, 22, 25waste factors . . . . . . . . . . . .16water-based . . .16, 17, 20, 23

Paint pads, bender . . . . . . . . .27Paint stripper, rental . . . . . . .34Painters

bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30journeyman . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8productivity . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Panel doorsexterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101interior . . . . . . . . . . . .116-118

Paper-backed vinyl . . .426-429Paraffin wax . . . . . . . . . . . .315Particle masks . . . . . . . . . . . .27Pass-through shelves . . . . . .162Passage doors . . . . . . . . . . .102Paste . . . . . . . . . . . . .19, 22, 25Pavement marking . . . . . . . . .10

pricing table . . . . . . . . . . . .12Pay, premium . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Payroll tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Payroll withholding . . . . . . . .30Penetrating oil paint .19, 22, 25Penetrating oil stain .17, 20, 23Penetrating stain wax.17, 20, 23Pension plans . . . . . . . . . .30-31Per diem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Per unit costs . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Performance bonds . . . . . . . .31Performance by painters . . . .14Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Picket fence . . . . . . . . .124-126Pics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Pine siding . . . . . . . . . .214-219Piping

bare pipe . . . . . . . . . .357-363insulated, canvasjacket . . . . . . . . . . . .365-370

Planks, rental . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Plant-on trim . . . . . . . .162-167Plaster walls, interior

medium texture . . . . .246-252rough texture . . . . . . .253-259smooth texture . . . . . .260-266

Plaster, exterior . . . . . .168-172anti-graffiti staineliminator . . . . . . . . . . . .172

waterproofing . . . . . . . . . .171


SAMPLE

Index

Platform, rolling . . . . . . . . . .33Plywood siding . . . . . .208-219Poles

closet . . . . . . . . . . .88-89, 102roller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Polyurethane . . . . . . .18, 21, 24Porch & deck enamelor epoxy . . . . . . . . . .18, 21, 24

Porches, wood . . . . . . . . . . . .94Porous block . . . . . . . . . . . .354Portable office, rental . . . . . .34Pot shelves . . . . . . . . . . . . .172Powdered adhesives

. . . . . . . . . . . .19, 22, 25, 422coverage, rolls to yardsconversion . . . . . . . . . . . .422

Power wash . . . . . . . . . . . . .315Pre-primed

metal doors . . . . . . . . . . . .330railing . . . . . . . . . . . .179-181

Pre-trimmed wallpaper . . . .435Precision block . . . . . . . . . .355Premium pay . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Preparation materials .19, 22, 25

cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Preparation operations . . .9, 10

extensive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26Prevailing wage . . . . . . . . . . .30Price guide, retail . . . . . . . . .26Price, maximum guaranteed .10Prices at discount . . . . . . . . .26Pricing

material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16sandblasting . . . . . . . . . . . .11variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-8

Primer, metal . . . . . . .18, 21, 24Private jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Productive time, supervisors .14Productivity

categories, labor . . . . . . . . .13crew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13low . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14manhour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5, 14, 29tracking . . . . . . . .14, 419-420

Profit . . . . . . . . . . . .6, 8, 26, 35margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-37percentage . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . .5risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36tailoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Project foreman . . . . . . . . . . .14Project variables . . . . . . . . . .37Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Protective window coating

. . . . . . . .19, 22, 25, 278-290Public projects . . . . . . . . . . . .29Pullman cabinets . . . . . . . . .102Putty .9, 10, 22, 25, 27, 299, 300PVA sealer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Q

Qualification statement . . . . . .9Quality tracts, allowance forsupervision . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

R

Radiators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371Rags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Railingexterior . . . . . . . . . . .173-174handrail, wood . . . . . . . . .175interior . . . . . . . . . . . .175-178wrought iron . . . . . . .179-181

Rake, overhang . . . . . .160-161Rate

coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15hourly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31productivity . . . . . . .5, 14, 29wage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Ready-mix paste . . . .19, 22, 25Reduced productivity . . . . . .14Redwood siding . . . . . .214-219Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182Remodeling contractors . . . .35Remove and replace . . . . . .9-10Remove coatings . . . . . . . . .311Remover, paint . . . . .19, 22, 25Rental equipment . .9, 31-32, 35Repaint jobs . . . . . . . . .9-10, 35Repaint preparation . . . . . . . .10Requirements, profit . . . . . . . .5Resawn

valances . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224wood railing . . . . . . . . . . .173wood siding . . . . . . . .208-214

Residential tract work . . . . .6, 9Residential wallcovering

fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . .432-434vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . .428-429wallpaper . . . . . . . . . .437-439

Resin sealer . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Respirators . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Retail price guide . . . . . . . . .26Risers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219Risk factors and profitmargin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36-37

Roller covers . . . . . . . . . .27-28Rolling equipment,rent/purchase . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Rolls to yards conversiontable, adhesive . . . . . . . . . .422

Roofarched . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184flat . . . . . . . . . . .184, 408-411gambrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184hopper . . . . . . . . . . . .408-411peaked . . . . . . . . . . . .408-411sloping . . . . . . . .184, 408-411vaulted . . . . . . . . . . . .408-411

Roof area conversion factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..184

Roof jacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183Roof pitch difficulty factors.184Roofing

composition shingle .185-189waterproofing . . . . . .193, 195wood shingle orshakes . . . . . . . . . . . .190-195

Rough finish plaster walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253-259

Rough sawnrailing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173siding . . . . . . . . . . . . .208-214valances . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224

Run, stair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219

S

Safety net, purchase . . . . . . .33Sales staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Sales tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26Sample estimating form . .40-41Sample estimate . . . . . . . .38-39Sample preparation . . . . . . . .10Sand finish texture

ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . .69-74walls, drywall . . . . . .234-239

Sand, silica . . . . . . . .19, 22, 25white silica . . . . . . . . . . . .302

Sandblastbrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11brush-off blast . . . . . . . . . .303commercial blast . . . .304-305equipment, rental . . . . . . . .33near white blast . . . . .306-307rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10white blast . . . . . . . . .308-309

Sandblasters, wages . . . . . . .30Sandblasting pricing table . . .11Sanders, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .33Sanding . . . . . . . . . . . .299-301Sanding sealer . . . . . . . . . . . .27

exterior . . . . . . . . . .18, 21, 24interior . . . . . . . . . .17, 20, 23

Sandpaper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Sash, window . . . . . . .290, 298Scaffolding, rental . . . .9, 33-34Scenic wallpaper . . . . . . . . .436Scope of work . . . . . . . . . . . .10Scribing . . . . . . . . . . . .309-311Sealer

off white . . . . . . . . .17, 20, 23PVA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27resin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Sealer, sanding . . . . . . . . . . .27exterior . . . . . . . . . .18, 21, 24interior . . . . . . . . . .17, 20, 23

Semi-transparent stain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..18, 21, 24

Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9, 10Shake siding . . . . . . . . .208-213Shakes, roofing . . . . . .190-195Sheet metal . . . . . . . . . . . . .196

caps . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196-197diverters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198flashing . . .196-197, 199-200gravel stops . . . . . . . . . . . .198vents . . . . . . . . . . . . .199-200

Shellac . . . . . . . . . . . .17, 20, 23Shelves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48-51

closet . . . . . . . . . . .89-90, 102paint grade . . . . . . . . . . .48-49pass-through . . . . . . . . . . .162stain grade . . . . . . . . . . .50-51wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162

Shift adjustments . . . . . . . . . . .9Shingle siding . . . . . . .208-213Shingle roofing . . . . . .190-195Shutters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201Siding

aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . .202composition shingle .203-207corrugated metal . . . .326-327flat pan metal . . . . . .328-329waterproofing . . . . . . . . .205, 207, 212, 219

wood, rough or resawn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208-213wood, smooth . . . . . .214-219

Silica sand . . . . .19, 22, 25, 302Silicone caulk . . . . . . . . . . .297Silk wall fabric . . . . . . . . . .433Silo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400-412

roofs, exterior . . . . . .406-411walls, exterior . . . . . .400-405

Site variables . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Sizing, wallpaper . . . . . . . . .425Skill levels, crew . . . . . . . . . . .6Skilled specialists . . . . . . . . .30Slag, sandblasting . . . . . . . .302Sloped surfaces . . . . . . . . . .184Slow application rate . . . .6, 13Slump stone . . . . . . . . . . . . .355Smooth finish texture

drywall walls . . . . . . .240-245plaster walls . . . . . . .260-266

Social security tax . . . . . .30-31Solid body stain . . . .18, 21, 24Solid deck fire escapes . . . .348Solids, percentage of . . . . . . .15Solvent-based paint . . . . . . . .16Spackle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Specialist’s wages . . . . . . . . .30Spillage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Spindles . . . . . . . . . . . .173, 177Split coat operation . . . . . . .102Spray can . . . . . . . . .17, 20, 23Spray equipment . . . . . . .28, 34

rental/purchase . . . . . . . . . .34Spray rigs . . . . . . . . . . . . .9, 34Spray-on texture ceilings . . .61Sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349Square corner deckingfactors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327

Square foot estimating,fire escapes . . . . . . . . . . . . .349

Staff, sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Stain

eliminator, anti-graffiti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 21, 24

exterior seal & varnish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 21, 24

interior seal & lacquer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17, 20, 23

Stairssteps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219stringers . . . . . . . . . . .220-222tread length . . . . . . . . . . . .219wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94, 219

Standard base bid . . . . . . . . .36Staples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28State unemploymentinsurance . . . . . . . . . . . . .30-31

Steam radiators . . . . . . . . . .371Steel factory sash windows .418Steel grates . . . . . . . . . .350-354Steel painters, wages . . . . . . .30Steeplejack . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Steps, wood . . . . . . . . . .94, 219Stone, sealing . . . . . . . . . . .153Storage

containers, rental . . . . . . . .34material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

443

SAMPLE

444

Strainer bags . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Stringers, stair . . . . . . .220-222Stripper, rental . . . . . . . . . . . .34Stripping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311Structural steel . . . . . . .372-399

extra heavy . . . . . . . .373-377heavy . . . . . . . . . . . . .372-377light . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378-384medium . . . . . . . . . . .385-390sandblasting . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Structural steel conversiontables . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391-399

Stucco, exterior . . . . . .168-172anti-graffiti staineliminator . . . . . . . . . . . .172

waterproofing . . . . . . . . . .171Subcontractor bids . . . . . .10-11Subcontractor costs . . . . . .9, 10SUI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30-31Sundries allowance . . . . . . . .26Sundry inventorychecklist . . . . . . . . . . . . .27-28

Superintendent, field . . . . . . .30Supervision expense . . . . . . .14Supervisor, responsibility . . .14Supplier discounts . . . . . . . . .26Surface area of spheres . . . .399Surface preparation . . . . . .9, 10

specialists . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30wallcovering . . . . . . . . . . .425

SURRPTUCU . . . . . . . . . .9, 10Suspended ceilings . . . . .57-59Swedish putty . . . . . . . . . . .298Swing stage

rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34wages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

System estimatesexterior . . . . . . . . . .18, 21, 24interior . . . . . . . . . .17, 20, 23

T

T-bar ceiling frames . . . . .57-59Tables

adjustments to . . . . . . . . . . . .7assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . .7compilation methods . . . . . .7excluded costs . . . . . . . . . . .9how to use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6included costs . . . . . . . . . . . .9order, defined . . . . . . . . . . . .6preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Take-off sheet . . . . . . . . . . . .31Tanks

roof exterior . . . . . . .406-411vinyl coating, industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19, 22, 25

wall exterior . . . . . . .400-405Taping wallboard . . . . . . . . .312Taxes

payroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30-31sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Thinner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Tile, clay brick . . . . . . .144-146Tilt-up walls . . . . . . . . .412-417Time and Material .10, 296, 314Tip-off operation . . . . . . . . .102Tongue & groove

ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . .80-88paneling . . . . . . . . . . .267-275siding . . . . . . . . . . . . .214-219

Tools and supplies,expendable . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Total cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8, 37Touchup . . . . . . . . . . .9, 10, 222Tower, rolling . . . . . . . . . . . .33Tract work, residential . . . . . .6Trailers, rental . . . . . . . . .31, 34Training fund . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Travel time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Treads, stair . . . . . . . . . . . . .219Trellis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223Trim, door . . . . . . . . . . . .95-96Trowel finish, walls . . .412-417

U

Undercoat . . . . . . . . .17, 20, 23Unemployment insurance. 30-31Unfilled block . . . . . . . . . . .354Union wage rates . . . . . . . . .29Unit cost estimate . . . . . . . . . .8Unit prices, converting . . . . . .9Unknown job conditions . . . .11Unstick windows . . . . . . . . .312Urethane caulk . . . . . . . . . .297Used brick . . . . . . . . . .144-146Utility areas, painting . . . . .231

V

Vacation pay . . . . . . . . . .30-31Valances for light fixtures . .224Variables

bidding . . . . . . . . . . . . .36-37pricing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-8site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Varnish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301exterior . . . . . . . . . .18, 21, 24marine spar . . . . . . .18, 21, 24

Veneer, flexible wood sheet .425Vents, sheet metal . . . .199-200Vertical pipe runs . . . . . . . .359Vessels

roof exterior . . . . . . .406-411wall exterior . . . . . . .400-405

Vinyl coating, industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19, 22, 25

Vinyl pastepowdered . . . . . . . .19, 22, 25vinyl to vinyl ready-mix . .422

Vinyl wallcoveringcommercial . . . . . . . .426-427residential . . . . . . . . .428-429

Volume discounts . . . . . . . . .16

W

Wage ratespainting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6wallcovering . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Wagesovertime . . . . . . . . . . . . .9, 14prevailing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30specialists . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30union, national average . . .29

Wainscot paneling . . . .267-275Wall fabric

commercial . . . . . . . .430-431residential . . . . . . . . .432-433

Wallboard, taping . . . . . . . .312Wallcovering

adhesive coverage . . . . . . .422application rate . . . . . .29, 424costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421-439fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . .430-433material pricing . . .19, 22, 25surface preparation . . . . . .425vinyl . . . . . . . . . . . . .426-429

Wallpaper . . . . . . . . . . .434-436borders . . . . . . . . . . . .424-425canvas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436commercial . . . . . . . .434-436flock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435foil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435hand-crafted . . . . . . . . . . .435paste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423residential . . . . . . . . .437-439scenic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425

Walls, concrete tilt-up .412-417Walls, gypsum drywall

anti-graffiti staineliminator . . . . . . . . . . . .225

orange peel texture . .226-233sand finish . . . . . . . . .234-239smooth finish . . . . . . .240-245

Walls, interior plastermedium texture . . . . .246-252rough texture . . . . . . .253-259smooth texture . . . . . .260-266

Walls, tank, silo,vessel or hopper . . . . .400-405

Walls, wood panelpaint grade . . . . . . . . .267-272stain grade . . . . . . . . .273-275

Wardrobe doors . . . . . . . . . .102Wash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313Waste factor . . . . . . . . . .15, 16Waste, material . . . . . . . . . . . .9Water soluble paints,sandblasting . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Water-based paint.16, 17, 20, 23Waterblasting . . . . . .10-13, 315

pricing table . . . . . . . . . . . .13Waterproofing

. . . . . . . .18, 21, 24, 193, 195industrial . . . . . . . . .19, 22, 25

Wax . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17, 20, 23

WCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30-31Wet areas, painting . . . . . . .231Wheat paste, powdered

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19, 22, 25White blast . . . . . . . . . .11, 308White silica sand . . . . . . . . .302Window

frames, screen . . . . . . . . . .276seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277sills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277storm sash . . . . . . . . . . . . .278

Window conversion factors .292Window estimating

interior opening count . . .102square foot basis . . . . . . . .290

Window protectivecoating, wax . . .19, 22, 25, 315

Windowsexterior wood . . . . . . . .18, 21, 24, 279-284

interior wood . . . . . . . .17, 20, 23, 285-291

steel factory sash . . . . . . .418Wine racks . . . . . . . . . .293-294Wiping stain

exterior . . . . . . . . . .18, 21, 24interior . . . . . . . . . . .17, 2029

Wire brush . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316Wire mesh fence . . . . . . . . .123Withheld taxes . . . . . . . . .30-31Wood fence . . . . . . . . . . . . .123Wood filler . . . . . . . .19, 22, 25Wood floors . . . . . . . . .133-136

fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299Wood paneled walls . . . . . .267Wood shingles orshakes . . . . . . . . . . . . .190-195

Wood sidingrough sawn or resawn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208-213smooth . . . . . . . . . . . .214-219

Wood stair stringers . . . . . .222Wood stairs or steps . . . . . .219Wood trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92Wood veneer

flexwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425paneling . . . . . . . . . . .267-275

Wood windows . . . . . .279-291Work

delayed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14evening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Work pots, plastic . . . . . . . . .28Workers’ comp. insurance.30-31Working conditions . . . . .11, 29Wrought iron

railing . . . . . . . . . . . .179-181shelf supports . . . . . . . . . .162

Z

Zinc chromate . . . . . .18, 21, 24Zinc primer . . . . . . . . .348, 357


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