about butterfly

7/29/2019 About Butterfly

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about

BUTTERFLYCreated by:EKA DILA SARI

RSBI XI-IA-2


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About ButterflyA butterfly is a mainly day-flying insect ofthe orderLepidoptera, the butterflies and moths.

Like otherholometabolous insects, the butterfly's life

cycle consists of four parts, egg, larva, pupa and

adult. Most species are diurnal. Butterflies havelarge, often brightly colored wings, and conspicuous,

fluttering flight. Butterflies comprise the true

butterflies (superfamily Papilionoidea),

the skippers (superfamily Hesperioidea) and

the moth-butterflies (super family Hedyloidea). All

the many other families within the Lepidoptera are

referred to as moths.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidopterahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holometabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_life_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_life_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diurnalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilionoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesperioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedyloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedyloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesperioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilionoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diurnalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_life_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_life_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holometabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidopterahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect


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exhibit polymorphism, mimicry and aposematism.Some, like the Monarch, willmigrate over longdistances. Some butterflies have evolvedsymbiotic and parasitic relationships with social

insects such as ants. Some species are pestsbecause in their larval stages they can damagedomestic crops or trees; however, some speciesare agents ofpollination of some plants, and

caterpillars of a few butterflies (e.g., Harvesters)eat harmful insects. Culturally, butterflies are apopular motif in the visual and literary arts.

About Butterfly
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphism_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimicryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aposematismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_(butterfly)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miletinaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miletinaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_(butterfly)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aposematismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimicryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphism_(biology)


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About Butterfly It is a popular belief that

butterflies have very short lifespans. However, butterflies intheir adult stage can live from aweek to nearly a year depending

on the species. Many specieshave long larval life stages whileothers can remain dormant intheir pupal oregg stages andthereby survivewinters.

Butterflies may have one ormore broods per year. Thenumber of generations per yearvaries from temperate to tropical

regions with tropical regionsshowing a trend
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diapausehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mating_Common_Buckeyes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltinismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diapause


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ScalesButterflies are characterized by their scale-coveredwings. The coloration of butterfly wings is created

by minute scales. These scales are pigmented

with melanins that give them blacks and browns,

but blues, greens, reds and iridescence are usuallycreated not by pigments but the microstructure of

the scales. This structural coloration is the result

of coherent scattering of light by the photonic

crystal nature of the scales. The scales cling

somewhat loosely to the wing and come off easily

without harming the butterfly.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaninhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent_scatteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonic_crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonic_crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonic_crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonic_crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonic_crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent_scatteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent_scatteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent_scatteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanin


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Polymorphism

Many adult butterflies exhibit polymorphism, showingdifferences in appearance. These variations includegeographic variants and seasonal forms. In additionmany species have females in multiple forms, often

with mimetic forms. Sexual dimorphism in colorationand appearance is widespread in butterflies. Inaddition many species show sexual dimorphism in thepatterns of ultraviolet reflectivity, while otherwise

appearing identical to the unaided human eye. Most ofthe butterflies have a sex-determination system that isrepresented as ZW with females being theheterogametic sex (ZW) and males homogametic (ZZ).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_dimorphismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex-determination_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZW_sex-determination_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZW_sex-determination_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex-determination_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex-determination_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex-determination_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism


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Polymorphism

Genetic abnormalities such as gynandromorphy alsooccur from time to time. In addition many butterfliesare infected by Wolbachia and infection by the bacteriacan lead to the conversion of males into females or the

selective killing of males in the egg stage.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynandromorphhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolbachiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolbachiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynandromorph


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HabitsButterflies feed primarily on nectar from flowers. Somealso derive nourishment from pollen, tree sap, rottingfruit, dung, decaying flesh, and dissolved minerals in wetsand or dirt. Butterflies are important as pollinators for

some species of plants although in general they do notcarry as much pollen load as bees. They are howevercapable of moving pollen over greater distances. Flowerconstancy has been observed for at least one speciesofbutterfly.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower_constancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower_constancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterflieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterflieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower_constancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower_constancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower_constancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectar


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HabitsAs adults, butterflies consume only liquids and theseare sucked by means of theirproboscis. They feedon nectarfrom flowers and also sip water from damppatches. This they do for water, for energy from sugarsin nectar and for sodium and other minerals which are

vital for their reproduction. Several species ofbutterflies need more sodium than provided by nectar.They are attracted to sodium in salt and theysometimes land on people, attracted by human sweat.Besides damp patches, some butterflies also visit

dung, rotting fruit or carcasses to obtain minerals andnutrients. In many species, this mud-puddling behaviour is restricted to the males, andstudies have suggested that the nutrients collected areprovided as a nuptial gift along with the spermatophoreduring mating.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proboscishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectar_(plant)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud-puddlinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud-puddlinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud-puddlinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud-puddlinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud-puddlinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectar_(plant)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proboscis


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HabitsButterflies sense the air for scents, wind andnectar using their antennae. The antennae comein various shapes and colours. The hesperids havea pointed angle or hook to the antennae, whilemost other families show knobbed antennae. The

antennae are richly covered with sensillae. Abutterfly's sense of taste is coordinated bychemoreceptors on the tarsi, which work only oncontact, and are used to determine whether anegg-laying insect's offspring will be able to feed on

a leaf before eggs are laid on it. Many butterfliesuse chemical signals, pheromones, andspecialized scent scales (androconia) and otherstructures (coremata or 'Hair pencils' in theDanaidae) are developed in some species.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropod_leghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheromoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheromoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropod_leghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taste


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Metamorphosis

Of

Butterfly


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egg

caterpilar

pupa

butterfly
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ariadne_merione_egg_sec.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Common_Buckeye_larva_variation,_Megan_McCarty42.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fifthinstarwingdisk.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mating_Common_Buckeyes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ariadne_merione_egg_sec.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mating_Common_Buckeyes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fifthinstarwingdisk.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Common_Buckeye_larva_variation,_Megan_McCarty42.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ariadne_merione_egg_sec.jpg


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FlightLike many other members of the insect world, thelift generated by butterflies is more than what can

be accounted for by steady-state, non-

transitory aerodynamics. Studies using Vanessa

atalanta in a windtunnel show that they use a widevariety of aerodynamic mechanisms to generate

force. These include wake capture, vortices at the

wing edge, rotational mechanisms and Weis-Fogh

'clap-and-fling' mechanisms. The butterflies werealso able to change from one mode to another

rapidly.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa_atalantahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa_atalantahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa_atalantahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa_atalantahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa_atalantahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect


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MigrationMany butterflies migrate over long distances.Particularly famous migrations are those oftheMonarch butterfly from Mexico tonorthern USA and southern Canada, a distance ofabout 4000 to 4800 km (25003000 miles). Other

well known migratory species include the PaintedLady and several of the Danaine butterflies.Spectacular and large scale migrations associatedwith theMonsoons are seen inpeninsular India. Migrations have been studied inmore recent times using wing tags and also usingstable hydrogen isotopes.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa_carduihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa_carduihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danainaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danainaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa_carduihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa_carduihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa_carduihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_butterfly


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Migration Butterflies have been shown to navigate using time

compensated sun compasses. They can see polarizedlight and therefore orient even in cloudy conditions.The polarized light in the region close to the ultravioletspectrum is suggested to be particularly important.

It is suggested that most migratory butterflies are thosethat belong to semi-arid areas where breedingseasons are short. The life-histories of their host plantsalso influence the strategies of the butterflies.


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Defense Butterflies are threatened in their early stages

by parasitoids and in all stages by predators, diseasesand environmental factors. They protect themselves bya variety of means.

Chemical defenses are widespread and are mostly

based on chemicals of plant origin. In many cases theplants themselves evolved these toxic substancesas protection against herbivores. Butterflies haveevolved mechanisms to sequesterthese plant toxinsand use them instead in their own defense.[37] Thesedefense mechanisms are effective only if they are alsowell advertised and this has led to the evolution ofbright colours in unpalatable butterflies. This signalmay be mimicked by other butterflies. These mimetic

forms are usually restricted to the females.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_defense_against_herbivoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimicryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimicryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_defense_against_herbivoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitoid


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Defense Cryptic coloration is found in many butterflies.

Some like the oakleaf butterfly are remarkableimitations of leaves. As caterpillars, many defendthemselves by freezing and appearing like sticksor branches. Some papilionid caterpillarsresemble bird dropping in their early instars.Some caterpillars have hairs and bristlystructures that provide protection while othersare gregarious and form dense aggregations.

Some species also form associations with antsand gain their protection (See Myrmecophile).

Behavioural defenses include perching and wingpositions to avoid being conspicuous. Somefemale Nymphalid butterflies are known to guard

their eggs from parasitoid wasps.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrmecophilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrmecophile


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Notable Species There are between 15,000 and 20,000 species of

butterflies worldwide. Some well-known species fromaround the world include:

Swallowtails and Birdwings, Family Papilionidae Common Yellow Swallowtail, Papilio machaon

Spicebush Swallowtail, Papilio troilus

Lime Butterfly, Papilio demoleus Ornithoptera genus (Birdwings; the largest butterflies)

Whites and Yellows, Family Pieridae Small White, Pieris rapae

Green-veined White, Pieris napi

Common Jezebel, Delias eucharis

Blues and Coppers or Gossamer-Winged Butterflies,Family Lycaenidae Xerces Blue, Glaucopsyche xerces (extinct)

Karner Blue, Lycaeides melissa samuelis (endangered) Red Pierrot, Talicada nyseus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swallowtail_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilionidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swallowtail_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spicebush_Swallowtailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilio_demoleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green-veined_Whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delias_eucharishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycaenidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycaenidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerces_Bluehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karner_Bluehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talicada_nyseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talicada_nyseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talicada_nyseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talicada_nyseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karner_Bluehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karner_Bluehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karner_Bluehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerces_Bluehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerces_Bluehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerces_Bluehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycaenidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycaenidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycaenidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycaenidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycaenidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycaenidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delias_eucharishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delias_eucharishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delias_eucharishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green-veined_Whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green-veined_Whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green-veined_Whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green-veined_Whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green-veined_Whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilio_demoleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilio_demoleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilio_demoleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spicebush_Swallowtailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spicebush_Swallowtailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spicebush_Swallowtailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swallowtail_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swallowtail_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swallowtail_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swallowtail_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swallowtail_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilionidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swallowtail_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species


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Notable Species

Metalmark butterflies, Family Riodinidae Duke of Burgundy, Hamearis lucina

Plum Judy,Abisara echerius

Brush-footed butterflies, Family Nymphalidae

Painted Lady, or Cosmopolitan, Vanessa cardui Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus

Morpho genus

Speckled Wood, Pararge aegeria

Skippers, Family Hesperiidae Mallow Skipper, Carcharodus alceae

Zabulon Skipper, Poanes zabulon
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalmark_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riodinidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamearis_lucinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisara_echeriushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush-footed_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphalidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa_carduihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpho_(butterfly)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speckled_Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skipper_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesperiidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallow_Skipperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabulon_Skipperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabulon_Skipperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabulon_Skipperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabulon_Skipperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallow_Skipperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallow_Skipperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallow_Skipperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesperiidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skipper_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speckled_Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speckled_Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speckled_Woodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpho_(butterfly)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa_carduihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa_carduihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa_carduihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphalidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush-footed_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush-footed_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush-footed_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush-footed_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush-footed_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisara_echeriushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisara_echeriushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisara_echeriushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamearis_lucinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamearis_lucinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamearis_lucinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamearis_lucinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamearis_lucinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riodinidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalmark_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalmark_butterflyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalmark_butterfly


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hnology Inspiration Researches on the wing structure of Palawan

Birdwing butterflies led to new wide wingspankite and aircraft designs.

Studies on the reflection and scattering of lightby the scales on wings of swallowtail butterfliesled to the innovation of more efficient light-emitting diodes.

The structural coloration of butterflies is inspiringnanotechnology research to produce paints thatdo not use toxic pigments and in thedevelopment of new display technologies.

The discoloration and health of butterflies inbutterfly farms, is now being studied for use asindicators of air quality in several cities.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdwinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdwing


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