ac4 5% solution seminar columbia university october 15, 2010
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AC4 5% solution seminar
Columbia UniversityOctober 15, 2010
![Page 2: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
I. Complicate Things – Escaping Attractors II. Simplify Things – Focusing on Hubs & Patterns
III. Build Up - Growing Hidden Possibilities IV. Tear Down – Dismantling Destructive Traps
V. Leverage Change – Working the Levers VI. Decide More – Adapting to Change
![Page 3: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
I. Complicate Things – Escaping Attractors
play ballauthor life
yours and others’
![Page 4: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
II. Simplify Things – Focusing on Hubs & Patterns
listen to everyonetalk to everyoneseek, knock, ask
![Page 5: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
III. Build Up - Growing Hidden Possibilities
can ‘this’ be done?can ‘we’ do this?
can we ‘learn’ from doing it?
![Page 6: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
IV. Tear Down – Dismantling Destructive Traps
there is no way outthis is the way it isthis who you are
![Page 7: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
V. Leverage Change – Working the Levers
keep changing what is changingdo what is working better
keep learning and sharing the learning
![Page 8: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
VI. Decide More – Adapting to Change
we can decidedecisions are possible
was ‘that’ decision ‘good’?
![Page 9: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
We ‘make sense’ by experiencing, understanding, judging, and
deciding.
![Page 10: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Peace emerged in Mozambique successfully because all these
operations were unburdened of the constraints that the enmity-system, the experience of violence and the lack of alternatives had imposed on
the actors.
![Page 11: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Peace emerged in Mozambique successfully because there was a new alignment of power, meaning and relationships that profoundly restructured a conflictual polity.
![Page 12: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Positioning acts-
relationally situating at least two people (self and other) into a local
moral order
![Page 13: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Position-
a cluster of rights and duties that limits the repertoire of possible
social acts available to a person (or a person-like entity)
as so positioned
![Page 14: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Mutual positioning-
when what one person says simultaneously positions self and
other or ingroup and outgroup
![Page 15: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Local moral order-
the dynamic, collaboratively negotiated cluster of rights and duties associated with particular
positions in a storyline
![Page 16: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Malignant positioning-
when what is said about a person leads others to think about and treat
that person in harmful ways
![Page 17: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Forced positioning-
positioning someone in the eyes of others against the will of the person
so positioned
![Page 18: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Duty-
a demand placed by others on the person who owns it
![Page 19: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Action-
intentional activity
![Page 20: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Mozambique is now at peace, independent and united.
![Page 21: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
How did ‘peace’ happen?
![Page 22: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Mozambique
![Page 23: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Imagine a country…
![Page 25: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
… that was never independent, united and at peace …
![Page 26: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
… where out of 12 million people, 1 million were dead because of the
war …
![Page 27: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
… where out of 12 million people, 4 to 5 million became refugees or
internally displaced people (IDPs)…
![Page 28: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
… where the constitution did not allow multiparty political
representation…
![Page 29: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
… where your neighbors (Rhodesia and South Africa) actively
destabilized and continuously threatened security…
![Page 30: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
… then you have a glimpse of Mozambique in July 1990...
![Page 31: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
… when in 1990 the first direct talks between the FRELIMO government
and the RENAMO movement occurred.
![Page 32: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
ActorsFRELIMO governmentRENAMO movement
![Page 33: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
June 1975 Mozambique achieves independence from Portugal
![Page 34: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
In 1976 RENAMO emerges as a military force
![Page 35: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
In 1986 Chissano becomes President of Mozambique
![Page 36: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
In 1988 first meeting with RENAMO’s leader,
Alfonso Dlakama
![Page 37: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
1990-1992 negotiations take place in Rome until the agreement is
signed on October 4th, 1992
![Page 38: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Mozambicans fought around three fundamental axes:
powermeaning
relationships
![Page 39: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
… and created an enmity-system through recurrent patterns of
behavior (loops).
![Page 40: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Independence loop.
![Page 41: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Mozambique wants to assert its independence so
it distinguishes itself from its neighborsso
Rhodesia feels threatenedso
It intervenes in Mozambique’s internal affairsso
Mozambique is less independent
![Page 42: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Until Rhodesia keeps its racist government so
Mozambique supports the liberation movement in Rhodesia
soRhodesia feels justified in encouraging the civil war in
Mozambique
![Page 43: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Independence loop (II)
![Page 44: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Mozambique wants to assert its independence so
it distinguishes itself from its neighborsso
South Africa feels threatenedso
It intervenes in Mozambique’s internal affairsso
Mozambique is less independent
![Page 45: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Until Mozambique proposes a security agreement to apartheid South Africa
soMozambique promises not to support the liberation
movement in South Africa in exchange of isolation of Renamo
soSouth Africa feels empowered to interfere secretly
without publicly acknowledging the intrusion.
![Page 46: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Unity loop
![Page 47: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Mozambique wants to achieve unity as a nation state so
It creates a strong central government modeled on the soviet experience
soLocal ethnic nationalities are disempowered and
respond negativelyso
Mozambican government becomes even more invested in reducing the power of local chiefs
so Local groups support an open rebellion
![Page 48: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Mozambique is less united so
It responds militarily to the rebellionso
Local ethnic nationalities resist even more violently, making it impossible for the central government of
Mozambique to control the country
![Page 49: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Peace loop
![Page 50: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Mozambique emerges out of a violent liberation struggleso
It tries to achieve peace through violenceso
violence reigns
![Page 51: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
PowerHumanRelations Meaning
IndependenceLoop
UnityLoop
PeaceLoop
Independence demands
assertiveness that is
perceived as threat
New relations are
determined by independence
and forced onto someone
Only some are
legitimate heirs of the
struggle that gives
meaning
To make a country is to challenge the
heritage of many people
‘We’ are a nation before
being a people
‘Your’ unity is ‘our’ death
Peace is achieved
through victory; victory comes
through violence
‘We’ will talk when they
surrender; so to talk is to surrender
It is because we believe that
we fight
![Page 52: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Suspension, ambiguity and discontinuity in the loops.
![Page 53: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Structural
Subjective
Power Relations Meaning
DiscontinuitiesDiscontinuities
power is military control
loyalty
enmity
threats
constrained
focusing on survival
or not?
or not?
![Page 54: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Recurrent loops made Mozambicans ‘certain’ of their enemies’ power, meaning and
relationships.
![Page 55: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Perceived certainty
![Page 56: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Mozambicans remained in the conflict because moving from the
certainty and coherence associated with it was perceived to be counter
to one’s own survival as understood in the moment.
![Page 57: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
What do we really do when we do what we do?
![Page 58: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
How do we measure the ‘difference’ we make?
![Page 59: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Are we understanding more?Are we communicating better?
![Page 60: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
The paradox of ‘good intent’
![Page 61: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Constraints on adaptability
![Page 62: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Personal integration
![Page 63: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Integrating networks
![Page 64: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Peace as movement
![Page 65: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
The danger of reconciliation
![Page 66: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Conflict, change, resolution and order
![Page 67: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Cares and order
![Page 68: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Who is ordering?(who is ‘making sense’?)
![Page 69: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Who is recognized as ordering?(who is recognized as
‘making sense’?)
![Page 70: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Power, meaning and relationships are uneven
![Page 71: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Disrespect – insult
![Page 72: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Authorship and interpretation
![Page 73: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Adversary or enemy?
![Page 74: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Influence question
![Page 75: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Personal experiences and political relevance
![Page 76: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Conflict resolution activities in relevant political contexts
![Page 77: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Conflict resolution as relational dynamism
![Page 78: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Conflict resolution cannot be but political
![Page 79: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
The problem and promise of manipulation
![Page 80: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Conflict resolution activities in violent and volatile environments
requires a certain degree of manipulation
![Page 81: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
It is essential to control that effort by its consequences and actual results
![Page 82: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
AttentiveIntelligent
ReasonableResponsible
![Page 83: AC4 5% solution seminar Columbia University October 15, 2010](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e5d5503460f94b55768/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Responsible ReasonableIntelligentAttentive