The National University of RwandaMarch, 2010

Table of Contents

LIST OF AUDIT PANEL MEMBERS:................................................................................4

PREFACE.....................................................................................................................5APPRECIATION..........................................................................................................................................................5MANDATE OF THE PANEL....................................................................................................................................6METHODOLOGY.........................................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................6ITINERARY...................................................................................................................................................................6BACKGROGROUND, MISSION AND VISION OF THE UNIVERSITY.......................................................7

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA INSTITUTIONAL AUDIT REPORT.........................8ACADEMIC STAFF.....................................................................................................................................................8

Staff Development.................................................................................................................................................... 8RESEARCH AT NUR...............................................................................................................................................10

External Support for Research........................................................................................................................ 10Sponsors of research at NUR:........................................................................................................................... 10Institutaions and Organizations with which NUR has MOUs:............................................................11

COMMUNITY SERVICE.........................................................................................................................................11ASSESSMENT/ EXAMINATION POLICY AT NUR......................................................................................11GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS.....................................................................................................................11

Registration and Records................................................................................................................................... 12Budget Process....................................................................................................................................................... 12Teacher/Student Ratio....................................................................................................................................... 13

SHORTCOMINGS.....................................................................................................................................................13GOVERNANCE..........................................................................................................................................................13STUDENTS AFFAIRS AT NUR............................................................................................................................13STUDENT PERFORMANCE.................................................................................................................................14RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................................................................................................14

JUDGMENT...............................................................................................................15Guidelines.................................................................................................................................................................. 15Panel Judgment....................................................................................................................................................... 16Signatures.................................................................................................................................................................. 16

APPENDIX 1: CURRENT NUR STATISTICS OF STAFF AND STUDENTS.................18I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO NUR...........................................................................................................18

I.1 BACKGROUND.................................................................................................................................................. 18I. 2 NUR AT A GLANCE......................................................................................................................................... 18I.3 FACULTIES AND PROGRAMS..................................................................................................................... 18I.4 SCHOOLS AND PROGRAMS......................................................................................................................... 20I.5 NUR CENTERS.................................................................................................................................................. 20

II. CURRENT SITUATION OF STAFF...............................................................................................................22II.1 DATA ON NUR TEACHING AND RESEARCH STAFF........................................................................22II.2 STATISTICS RELATED TO ACADEMIC STAFF WHO HAVE LEFT NUR SINCE 2000..........32

III. DATA RELATED TO NUR STUDENTS.....................................................................................................39III. 1 CURRENT ENROLLMENT........................................................................................................................ 39III. 2 GRADUATION TREND FROM 1963 TO 2009...................................................................................40

IV. WAY FORWARD AND CHALLENGES.......................................................................................................44

APPENDIX 2: ACADEMIC STAFF LIST..........................................................................51

APPENDIX 3: ASSESSMENTS & EXAMINATIONS..............................................................69

REPUBLIC OF RWANDA

HIGHER EDUCATION COUNCILPublications available at http://www.highereducationcouncil.org/Higher Education CouncilMINEDUC BuildingP.O.Box : 622Kigali- Rwanda

Call: (+252) 587724Fax: 0252 - 587724

INSTITUTIONAL AUDIT OF THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA (NUR), BUTARE, FROM 22 TO 26 MARCH.

LIST OF AUDIT PANEL MEMBERS:

1. Hon Justice Prof. Dr. George.W. Kanyeihamba ChairpersonRetired Uganda Supreme Court Justice, Chancellor, Kampala International University

2. Prof. Phillip Cotton, M.D. MemberProfessor of Medicine, University of Glasgow

3. Prof. Phillip Brierley, Ph.D. MemberRector, Umutara Polytechnique

4. Prof. Mutuma Mugambi, M.D. MemberVice Chancellor, Kenya Methodist University

5. Prof.Vuningoma James, Ph.D. MemberVice Rector Academic, Kigali Institute of Education

6. In attendance: Alfred Nuwagaba, Ph.D. Secretary/ RapporteurActing Director of Planning and Research, HEC

PREFACEThe National Council for Higher Education facilitates institutional audits for the purpose of external scrutiny through a peer review process. Members of the audit panel are senior colleagues of Rwanda’s public and private higher education institutions. They have experience and training in the objectives and proceedures of the audit as well as techniques for assimilating data analysis, testing hypotheses, forming judgements, and preparing reports. Panels assess Rwanda’s higher education institutions in order to ensure the quality of their awards, research, consultancy, knowledge transfer, and community engagement.

APPRECIATIONThe Audit Panel wishes to express its gratitude to the Rector and his staff, deans and heads of departments, and indeed the entire academic community at NUR for the warm welcome and reception.

The Panel wishes to recognise andR commend the clear vision, principles, courage, transparency and integrity with which the Rector is leading and guiding the University.

MANDATE OF THE PANELThe Audit Panel was commissioned by the National Council for Higher Education [NCHE] of the Republic of Rwanda to visit the National University of Rwanda [NUR] from 22-26 March. The Panel arrived in Huye/ Butare on Monday, March 22 and started work on March 23, 2010 to ascertain the extent to which the university fulfils its mission. The Panel examined the various documents furnished in the Baseroom relating to University functions and objectives. The panel also met with faculties, departments, university leaders, stakeholders, and their respective representatives to assess NUR’s compliance with the national guidelines as stipulated in the Law of 2005 Governing the Functioning and Organizations of Higher Learning Institutions, the Handbook on Quality and the National Qualifications Framework. The Panel examined the validity of the university’s Self Evaluation Report and the extent to which NUR is moving towards the use of English as a medium of instruction.

METHODOLOGY

The Panel reviewed NUR documents provided in the Baseroom, met with and were briefed by the University management, interviewed faculty and staff, and visited the physical infrastructure. It received access to all relevant materials necessary for fulfilling its mandate.

INTRODUCTIONAfter consultations with the top management of the University, the panel established its working schedule as follows:

ITINERARYINSTITUTIONAL AUDIT OF NUR

BY HEC AUDITORS (22ND -26TH MARCH 2010)Day one-Tuesday 23rd:

8am-8.30-meeting with rector, and vice rectors of NUR8.35am-9.00am-discussion with executive management9am-10am-discussion with deans of faculties and schools10.15am-11am-discussion with HoDs11.15am-12pm-discussion with academic staff12pm-1pm-lunch1.15pm-2pm-discussion with student representatives2.15pm-3pm-meeting with the rector3.15pm-5pm-review the day’s work, document review and writing day’s report

Day two-Wednesday 24th:8am-9am-discussion with members of senate: 11.15am-12pm-discussion with academic staff9.15am-10am- discussion with BoD10.15am-11am-discussion with administration/support staff and lib staff11am-12pm- meeting with research and knowledge transfer committee12.15pm-1pm-lunch1.15pm-2pm-discussion with student representatives2.15pm-3pm-discussion with staff association3.15pm-4pm-review of documents and calling back some officers for more discussion4.15pm-5pm-drafting a report for the day’s work

Day three- Thursday 25th:8am-11pm-tour of university facilities11.15am-12pm- discussion with university alumni12pm-1pm-lunch1.15pm-2pm- writing a final report about the audit2.15pm-3pm-reporting audit findings to management of the university3.15pm-5pm- hearing some reactions from management after the team’s verdict of its audit findings

Day four- Friday 26th:The team puts final touches on the report and appends its signatures Departure of audit team from Butare to Kigali

BACKGROGROUND, MISSION AND VISION OF THE UNIVERSITYNUR was originally founded in 1963 and re-established after the genocide in 1994. Its enrolment currently stands at 9,948 students, a third of whom are women. It has more than five hundred academic staff, almost a quarter of whom are training out of the country (see appendices 1 & 2). NUR is the only comprehensive public university in Rwanda with disciplines ranging from humanities, business, agriculture, science and technology. The current intake of over 2,500 government sponsored students per year represents more than half of Rwanda’s total public sector intake to higher education and approximately a quarter of all degree students in Rwanda.

The NUR mission is to generate and disseminate high quality multidisciplinary knowledge and promote effective research, skills, training and community service for national competitiveness and sustainable economic and social development. The vision of NUR is to become an innovative, world-class, and self-sustaining University that is responsive to national, regional and global challenges.

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA INSTITUTIONAL AUDIT REPORT

ACADEMIC STAFFThere has been some improvement in the number of staff on research projects and those holding PhDs. Loss of quality staff to better paid jobs, however, remains a serious problem. The University has designed and implemented some forms of Financial assistance including staff loans to encourage members to remain on campus. The Faculty of Law also allows its lecturers to do legal practice while continuing to teach.

Staff DevelopmentWhile the university ought to be commended for its strong staff development program, it must focus on training PhD candidates in order to ameliorate the staffing deficite. Only 30 percent of the 525 academic staff members have a Ph.D. The audit panel also found that many instructors teach with only a bachelor’s degrees. According to the University, however, at the time of the SED, it had 384 academic staff members, 7% holding a bachelors. This number, however, included those away doing PhD training. The additional 135 staff were tutorial assistants, which, according to the Handbook of Quality, is appropriate provided that they “always work under supervision” and hold a “2.1 (distinction) degree from a Rwandan institution of higher education or equivalent in the subject area they are supporting.” Nevertheless, the disproportion of tutorial staff to the qualified staff members currently at the university is of great concern. The university also relies on visiting (overseas) professors who sometimes provide online contact for students, particularly if they are memoir supervisors. A breakdown of university staff can be found below.

NUR is also transitioning from a teaching to a research university. With approximately 200 research active staff not including medical faculty and those studying overseas, teaching faculty have increased responsibilities. The University must consider the serious implications that this transition has on the workload of staff who remain teaching at the University.

The Panel found that most staff in the Faculty of Economics and Management are recruited as Tutorial Assistants, developed and trained over time, and promoted to higher levels. This seemed to be a general trend across the faculties. The concern here is with the disproportion of tutorial staff to the qualified staff members.The University noted, however, that a substantial number of tutoring assistants were recruited to support the teaching faculty and that many expatriate senior staff were recruited as well.

Currently, there are approximately 50 ‘good’ researchers who also teach and are involved in the community. These exemplars are intended to encourage more academics to achieve this balance. The staff promotion policy is based on qualifications achieved as well as publications, closely following HEC national guidelines. Staff performance contracts are signed by every employee. The promotion process originates in departments and goes to Senate for approval. Research publication is a requirement for promotion, and there is no parallel track for educationalists. Peer evaluation and student evaluation feeds into the promotion process as well. The Prime Minister sanctions the promotion of University staff, and sometimes this can be a lengthy process. The Panel recommends that NUR consider teaching scholarships as a criteria for promotion. Greater clarity and evidence regarding the infrastructure of career development for academic and administrative staff is also necessary.

Additionally, academics are deemed ‘senior’ by virtue of the title of post they occupy and yet some are relatively junior in terms of career development. Those in ‘senior’ positions can spend considerable time in administration. Some informants estimate this as high as 90% when ideally they would spend 50% of their time on administration and 50% on teaching and research. Many academics in senior posts are doing administration at the expense of research. The teaching and supervisory load may be unworkable as many have never learned to perform at such a level. Contact hours are inconsistant across faculties. The Panel recommends that each senior academic, at least Deans, be given an executive assistant to do administrative work.

NUR has developed a workload model for its academic staff, including a minimum of 360 contact hours per year or twelve teaching hours per week for 30 weeks (24 weeks contact time) along with office work and staff development activities. Academics do not believe that this model will sustain a high quality education. Preparation time is longer with language assistance needed to prepare lessons, handbooks, etc. There is evidence of teaching timetables with four consecutive hours of face-to-face teaching. Lecturers also have heavy teaching and assessment loads. Research funds are limited, but many do not feel that they are in a position to use such funds if they did exist. Some tangible changes such have taken place, such as the advisory system with named staff members and schedules on their doors. This was slow to come but it is now up and running.

The library has a shortage of trained staff, space for studying, and ICT equipment. It is currently purchasing software for off-campus access. There remain delays in securing additional funds, however. The Panel recommends that the library continue internal staff training and development.

Laboratory technicians and library staff within universities are currently considered as administrative staff and are managed accordingly to general regulations by MIFOTRA. Some of them are very highly trained, but under current administrative guidelines they cannot progress in their career because they do not perform supervisory tasks. In all other universities, such staff members are assimilated to academic staff. Consequently, when they are trained, such staff leave

the university for more attractive salaries elsewhere. This leads to a to a continuous shortage of technical staff. The Panel proposed that incentives be granted to laboratory technicians and libarians in the same way as ICT experts, and that academic status be given to librarians fulfilling the same requirements as per academic staff.

Regarding staff training in pedagogy, the University employs a modular system, but there was no consensus on what this means for teaching and learning or for academic-related services such as the library. In addition, while good practice exists in terms of mentoring, it is not consistent. Some structural barriers frustrate the situation, such as a lack of offices for formal mentorship. The Panel recommends that the University continue staff workshops on pedagogy.

Profile of the NUR academic staff:

Category NumberProfessors 21Associate Professors 21Senior Lecturers 56Lecturers 153Assistant Lecturers 139Tutorial Assistants 135

Total 525Staff on training: 119

According to NUR’s own figures, only 58% of its staff , just over 300, is active and available to manage classes. This means that the student to staff ratio hovers around 30:1, which is not unreasonable. The Audit Panel’s primary concern is that staff with bachelor’s degrees continue to teach undergraduate classes at NUR. The University responded that according to the HEC’s Academic Appointment and Promotion Proceedures, “evidence of an ability to contribute to teaching in higher education” is essential for appointing tutoring assistants, provided such staff members are not solely responsible for the class. However, given that staff teaching at the undergraduate level should have a minimum of a master’s degree, and tutoring assistants must “always work under the supervision of a member of academic staff,” it is crucial that NUR fast-track the training of Ph.D. staff members to ameliorate the disproportion of tutoring assistants to teaching staff.

RESEARCH AT NURAlthough NUR is transitioning from a teaching to a research university, output of research as a core function of the University remains low. According to the Panel, few senior staff appeared to be interested in research. This is indicated by the number of publications. In the last two years, however, much effort has gone into promoting research including appointments of Vice Deans for Research and a research committees.

The University stated that though the publication rate of peer-reviewed journals is not as high as NUR would wish, “there is a fair amount of research activity among the staff.” 62 items including over 30 consultance/government reports and four articles in international journals bear the Dean’s name. This, the University notes, “suggests a lack of publication rather than a lack of research.” As a comprehensive university aspiring to become a world class university, however, NUR must have research as a top priority and the creation of a research culture as a premium.

External Support for ResearchMost of the research at NUR is funded by donors. For example, research through external grants has been conducted on the coffee project, the ban on plastic bags, and the production of low cost bricks. Money allocated for research is scarce. Although, with the aid of the donor community, the university engages in a credible amount of research.

Sponsors of research at NUR: Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) NUFFIC of the Netherlands University of Colorado The University of Western Ontario Ghent University, Belgium Carlton University, Canada Biekinge Institute of Technology ESRI Deutschland, Germany St. John’s University, USA Belgium technical Cooperation Association of African Universities

NUR also engages in collaborative projects operated in a framework of Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs).

Institutaions and Organizations with which NUR has MOUs: CIUF ISAR & IRST University of KwaZulu Natal The Global Fund University of Limerick University of Windsor RPPA National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda Southern Province, Rwanda Rwanda Information Technology Authority (RITA) Korea international Cooperation Agency (KOICA)

NUR also maintains a number of research partnerships with external organisations and universities such as Makerere, IUCEA, and consultancy organisations.

COMMUNITY SERVICENUR promotes community service in and around the university through the following avenues: The Faculty of Medicine serves at the University teaching hospitals, providing

free care. The Medical Students’ Association helps to educate and sensitise students about diseases including HIV/AIDS.

The Legal Aid clinic at NUR, funded mostly from donors, operates a clinic every Thursday for members of the local community who need legal aid. Most cases are resolved through arbitration.

The Faculty of Medicine runs workshops to help in policy formulation. The Psychology Clinic provides counselling for people with mental problems. The Computer Students’ Association helps to educate local people in IT.

The Panel was of the opinion that NUR should include service credit in the curriculum to further promote more community service related projects. This could be done by incorporating service credit in modules.

ASSESSMENT/ EXAMINATION POLICY AT NURPolicy documents support all academic areas including examination proceedures. Concerns had been expressed about security of examinations. These are being addressed through the Conduct of Examination procedures with Examination Boards at the faculty level. There are policies on student progression, authorised and unauthorised absence, late submission of assignments, and moderation of examination. Details of examination procedures contained in the Assessment Manual can be found in Appendix 3 of this report.

GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONSThe Panel is impressed by the efforts of departments such as Agriculture, Economics and Management, Medicine, and Law in their compliance with the NQF. The Panel is also impressed by the IT and ‘connectivity’ department at the University.

There are complaints that inefective communication hinders progress toward quality management at the University. The mission and vision, which is clearly articulated by the Rector, becomes more diffuse and less clear at other levels. Lines of accountability are not always clearly explicated, and managing ‘up the way’ is a challenge for middle and senior grade academics. There is a lack of communication and feedback particularly when it comes to research applications and budgets. Senior academics do not receive feedback on their proposed budgets or their failure to secure research funding. Greater clarity will also ensure an understanding of different roles across the university.

The Panel also heard many complaints and debates about overcrowding of lecture rooms, insufficient teaching and support staff, and inadequate remuneration for services rendered at the University. There is no retention policy, and graduate teaching assistants and lecturers could earn much more elsewhere in the industry. Consequently, this has led to indifference, low morale and in some cases despair amongst some staff members. The Panel urges the administration to evaluate these complaints with an open mind, determine their basis, and consider revising the salary structure.

Registration and RecordsA major concern among students and the community as a whole is the registration and records offices. The offices are poorly furnished. Staffing is insufficient. Records are not readily accessible, and few are digitized. Examination security is poor with no system of security guarding exam results prior to exam board and senate signature, and there is no integrated management information system. It was the opinion of the Panel that the registration and record department needs a major overhaul. Records need to be fully digitized and readily accessible on demand within the confines of privacy. The University stated that it is aware of this issue and has been undertaking a major review, replacing staff, and relocating the department to a town campus more accessible to new students. The university has also commissioned a computerized Student Record System which is being made ready for mainstream management.

Budget ProcessThe budget process does not involve all administrative organs. The Panel found that few staff members, particularly within the University Senate and the Board, seem to know how the budget is determined and approved. As noted by the University, the panel did not have a formal meeting with the all Board representatives. Nevertheless, an institution that lacks clear budgeting guidelines with minimal adherence to them runs the risk of financing its recurrent and capital projects with limited rationally.

Most NUR funding is from Government allocation, heavily supplemented by contributions from donors. In some cases, when the bulk of a department’s budget comes from donor grants, the department controls its own budget. For example, the control of the IT budget is at the level of the department. Expenditure requests are sent to VRAF for onward processing. Departmental budget needs are incorporated into faculty budgets and approved by Deans and thereafter incorporated into the institutional budget which is then submitted to the Government.

The University follows financial procedures as stipulated by MINICOFIN and HEC. There is support from SFAR for students at NUR. Moreover, a significant number of NUR students are private students who pay full fees.

The Panel, in its interviews, received reports that the budget process was not sufficiently transparent and that there was need for all members of the leadership team to be involved in the budgeting process. The University acknowledges that the budget process is insufficiently transparent and not well understood, though it notes that “all administrative organs are involved in the process and the budget is discussed in [the] Senate and Executive Council.”.

Teacher/Student RatioThe lecturer to student ratio at NUR is poorly balanced. Only a few small departments approach the ideal ratio. There are too few professors and lecturers for the increasing number of students. As a result, students have limited access to lecturers, and overwhelmed lecturers lose sight of standards and values.

SHORTCOMINGS

There are short-comings in terms of equipment and logistical materials throughout NUR. Many textbooks in the library and elsewhere in the University are in French.

Although the university librarian noted that 60% of the books, excluding the Rwandan Collection and the CCM Documentation Centre are now in English. The newer books are in English and a substantial number of new books have been added to the library. The seating capacity for private study is inadequate.

The programme, originally designed to assist French-speaking professors and lecturers transition from French to English as a medium of instruction, seems to have disappeared.

Some lecturers were observed to be conducting classes in French and giving written laboratory instructions also in French.

There is an acute need for residential accommodation and classroom space.

GOVERNANCEIn its interviews with management, the Panel found that the procurement system is cumbersome, bureaucratic, restrictive, and unnecessarily delayed. These challenges are compounded by the lack of ‘preferred suppliers’ status, especially for ICT. New

staff recruitment is now linked with procurement. Thus office furniture can be ordered very soon after an appointment is made, allowing for delivery much closer to the arrival of new staff. NUR must continue to develop innovative ways to deal with the apparently cumbersome and bureaucratic process of procurement in its planning process.

STUDENTS AFFAIRS AT NUR Evidence from the students indicates that Student Centred Learning (SCL) leaves

much to be desired. The modular system, a central part of the SCL, is not well understood. The directorate of academic quality should familiarize both students and staff with the modular system.

The students gave the general impression that there was an insufficient number of computers at NUR. The Panel discovered that this was a mistaken impression and that there were about 800 computers available for use by students in several labs. However, some of the computers were not appropriately deployed to provide access. There is currently one working computer for every sixty students, and student numbers are increasing. In addition, most staff do not have a desk-top or laptop computer. Power failures have led to the loss of several mother boards recently. Replacement cost and procurement difficulties exaggerate the power failure problem. The Panel came to the conclusion that before additional computers are purchased, more effective deployment of existing computers must be considered. The University might also facilitate the purchase of personal laptops for staff and students.

Generally lecture rooms are too small and ill-equipped to accommodate the increasing numbers of students. The University acknowledges this and has been working to improve the situation.

There is a lack of affordable student accommodation.More than half of the students have no living accommodation at the University. Those off-campus accommodations are not approved by University authorities and may often lack the standards set in the Presidential decree. The Panel noted, however, that University, MINEDUC and MINICOFIN are currently engaged in negotiations to expand infrastructure including building new dormitories.

The University does not tend to student transport needs. Accommodation and transportation problems have made living outside the University campus precarious.

Poor communication between students and the management, as well as students and staff have further exacerbated the grave student situation.

A small number of students are elected as members of specified management and faculty committees, but students often feel that their role is regarded as simply window-dressing. They often make suggestions for improvement especially when sitting as student representatives in University meetings but feel that their suggestions are rejected or nottaken seriously.

The policy documents outline the student disciplinary procedure covering allegations of misconduct, including criminal misconduct. The student manual is available to all students and students have the right of appeal.

STUDENT PERFORMANCEThe quality of graduates is debated both within and outside the University. Though there is the notion that students underperfrom, the basis for such thought and whether it was related to some faculty or subject area was uncertain The University noted that concrete evidence is lacking as the Panel was unable to arrange an employers’ meeting at such short notice. Nevertheless, the University’s reputation is at stake. The Panel recommends more research.

It is evident that the student-centred learning approach is not fully operational, and there is an urgent need to resolve problems with academic staff, equipment, libraries, and academic computing. The university acknowledges that progress toward student-centered learning and the creation of fully competent graduates is not adequate. The Panel recommends NUR adopt a market driven philosophy and engage in continuous graduate tracer surveys to gauge consumer satisfaction. Furthermore, since reducing student numbers would be undesireable and impractical, it is imperative that innovative solutions be developed to balance recruitment and academic quality.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. NUR must ensure that familiarity with the aims and objectives of the modular system is a priority for management and staff at the University.

2. A transparent budget review process that includes all levels of university operation is necessary.

3. NUR must promptly identify teaching staff that have difficulty with the English language and expedite measures to support them.

4. Local University salary scales for teaching and support staff need to be competitive.

5. Acknowledging that the Republic of Rwanda is now a member of the East African common market and the Commonwealth, the Government should allow NUR to operate and procure required supplies in accordance with the rules and proceedures permitted for other public Universities within East African and Commonwealth countries. This is imperative since the current system of tendering in the country is unsuitable for public Universities. In some cases, books, software for teaching, and other scholastic materials are out of date or not available in time for the courses they should support.

6. The University should implement existing guidelines on student counselling and establish a system to monitor the occurrence and frequency of such meetings.

7. The University ought to solicit funds from donors and the Government to expand the University accommodation for academic staff offices, laboratories, and extra teaching (classroom and laboratory) space for students.

8. The University must promptly establish and facilitate an Examinations Centre.

9. It is important that NUR seek to improve the student to teacher ratio with a target goal of 25:1 in general courses and 15:1 in laboratories.

10. Before more computers are purchased, the University must tally current workable computers and make full use of existing ones. The University might also facilitate the purchase of personal laptops.

11. The registration and administration buildings need urgent attention. Effective steps to improve the Registry should be taken.

12. Student representatives should have their recommendations taken seriously.

13. The staff as a whole must encourage and facilitate a quality culture within the university.

14. The University must define graduate attributes and employability through consultation with potential employers.

15. The question concerning the University’s autonomy should be seriously considered and resolved. The system of procurement needs reformatting so that NUR can compete with Universities in East Africa and the Commonwealth.

JUDGMENTGuidelines

Confidence affirms that the University rigorously manages and protects

the academic standards of its awards. It verifies that the University is

using efficient and consistent mechanisms to ensure quality. It confirms

that the University provides high-quality learning opportunities for

students, and that it has established mechanisms to enhance the quality of

its provision. A judgement of confidence may be accompanied by minor

desirable recommendations, but it may not include those that are essential

or advisable.

Limited Confidence indicates that there is evidence that the institution’s

capacity to manage the quality of learning opportunities and/or the

security of the standard of its awards soundly and effectively is limited.

The reason for the judgement may be significant weaknesses in the

institution’s structures and procedures or in their implementation. The

judgement of limited confidence is not one of failure but an indication

that improvements need to be made. A judgement of limited confidence

will be accompanied by a number of recommendations that are advisable

as well as a number considered desirable. The institution will be asked to

submit an action plan to the National Council for Higher Education

within three months of receipt of the report, indicating how it intends to

address the recommendations, and to provide a subsequent report when

the action plan has been implanted. This has to be within 12 months of

the audit. Failure to do so, or a report that is deemed not to demonstrate

that adequate action has been taken, will mean that the outcome of the

report is amended to ‘no confidence’.

No confidence indicates that there is substantial evidence of serious and

fundamental weaknesses in the institution’s capacity to secure the

academic standards of its awards and/ or maintain the quality of its

educational provision. A judgement of no confidence will be

accompanied by a number of recommendations that are considered

essential, as well as a number that are considered advisable and /or

desirable. Within three months of the publication of the report the

institution will be required to submit an action plan to the National

Council for Higher Education, with implementation times within 18

months, showing how it intends to address the recommendations Three-

monthly progress reports will have to be submitted to the National

Council for Higher Education.

Panel Judgment In order to be fair to NUR, the Panel decided to render a split judgement.

With regard to its core mission as an academic institution, the Panel renders the judgement of “Confidence”

With regard to support services (registartion, infrastructure, student services), the Panel renders the judgement of “limited Confidence”.

Signatures

1. Hon. Justice. Prof. Dr. G.W.Kanyeihamba–Chairman

2. Prof. Phillip Cotton –Secretary

3. Prof. Phillip Brierley

4. Prof. Mugambi Mutuma

5. Prof. Vuningoma James

6. In attendance: Dr. Alfred Nuwagaba

APPENDIX 1: CURRENT NUR STATISTICS OF STAFF AND STUDENTS

December 2009

I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO NUR

MottoExcellence in Education and Service to the People

MissionTo generate and disseminate high quality multidisciplinary knowledge and promote

effective research, skills training and community service for national competitiveness and

sustainable socio-economic development.

VisionTo become an innovative, world class and self-sustainable University that is responsive to

national, regional and global challenges.

I.1 BACKGROUND

The National University of Rwanda (NUR) is Rwanda’s state university, founded in November

1963 as an institution of higher learning, with a mission to provide higher education, conduct

research, and offer services to the community. It is the oldest and the largest University in the

country. The University is located in the Southern Province, 150 km south of the capital city

of Kigali. It was the only publicly funded university until the 1990’s. Before the 1994 war and

genocide, it had three campuses in Butare, Kigali and Ruhengeri. After 1994, because of

resource constraints, the three campuses merged into one campus in Butare. The University was

closed during the genocide and reopened in March 1995. Since NUR was founded 12,161

students have graduated and 84 % of them (i.e. 10199) graduated after the reopening of NUR

in 1995. With over 9,900 students registered this year, NUR has around 38 % of total

student population in public higher learning institutions in Rwanda, and 18 % of national

enrollment higher education.

I. 2 NUR AT A GLANCE

•Created on November 3rd, 1963;

•Merged with the National Teacher Training Institute in 1981;

•Currently 7 Faculties, 2 Schools and 11 Centers;

•14 Postgraduate Programs;

•Staff: 979 (Academic, Administrative and Technical)

I.3 FACULTIES AND PROGRAMS

The Faculty of Agriculture:•Bachelor’s Degree in Animal Production

•Bachelor’s Degree in Crop Production and Horticulture

•Bachelor’s Degree in Soil and Environmental Management

•Bachelor’s Degree in Agro-Economics and Agri-Business

•Postgraduate Diploma in Irrigation and Drainage

•Master’s Program in Agro-forestry and Soil Management

The Faculty of Applied Sciences:•Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science

•Bachelor’s Degree in Electricity and Electronics

•Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering

•Master’s Program in Water Resources and Environmental Management

•Master’s Program in ICT

The Faculty of Arts, Media and Social Sciences•Bachelor’s Degree in English with majors in Literature, Linguistics, and

Translation and Interpreting

•Bachelor’s Degree in French with majors in Literature and Linguistics

•Bachelor’s Degree in Journalism

•Bachelor’s Degree in Communication

•Bachelor’s Degree in Public Administration

•Bachelor’s Degree in Political Science

•Bachelor’s Degree in History

•Bachelor’s Degree in Social Work

•Bachelor’s Degree in Sociology

The Faculty of Economics and Management:•Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration with majors in Marketing,

Finance, Human Resources, and Entrepreneurship.

•Bachelor’s Degree in Accounting Sciences and Finance

•Bachelor’s Degree in Information Technology Applications in Management

•Bachelor’s Degree in Economics with majors in Money and Banking,

Development Studies, and International Economics

•Bachelor’s Degree in Applied Statistics

•Master’s Program in Economics

•Postgraduate Diploma in ICT Policy and Regulation

The Faculty of Law:•Bachelor’s Degree in Public Law

•Bachelor’s Degree in Private Law

•Master’s Program in Business Law

The Faculty of Medicine:

•Bachelor’s Degree in General Medicine

•Bachelor’s Degree in Pharmacy

•Bachelor’s Degree in Clinical Psychology

•Master’s Programs in Medicine: Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Surgery, Gyneco- Obstetrics,

Anesthesia and Reanimation

•Master’s Program in Clinical Psychology and Therapeutics

The Faculty of Science:•Bachelor’s Degree in Applied Mathematics

•Bachelor’s Degree in Biology

•Bachelor’s Degree in Chemistry

•Bachelor’s Degree in Physics

•Bachelor’s Degree in Geography

•Master’s Program in Applied Mathematics

I.4 SCHOOLS AND PROGRAMS

The School of Foundation Languages Skills•Certificate in English and French languagesThe School of Public Health:•Master’s Program in Public Health•Master’s Program in EpidemiologyCenter for Conflict Management (CCM):•Master’s Program in Genocide Studies and PreventionCenter for Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing (CGIS):•Postgraduate Diploma in GIS

I.5 NUR CENTERS1. NUR Research Commission: coordinates NUR research activities, evaluates research

projects and ensures the follow-up of the approved research protocols.

2. Center for Conflict Management (CCM): deals with research and training concentrating

on Peace, Unity, Reconciliation and Disarmament (Welfare and Protective Services), also

applied research for policy implementation in conflict management and conflict resolution.

3. Center for Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing (CGIS) For Research,

Training and Consultancy in the use of Geo-ICT for societal and economic transformation and

sustainable development.

4. Center for Environment Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development (CEESD): seeks

to facilitate the implementation of NUR mission by supporting the internal collaboration of

Faculties, Centers and Schools on one hand and support NUR collaboration with external

stakeholders for an environmentally

sound sustainable development.

University Center for Arts and Drama (UCAD): promotes visual and performing arts.

UCAD has been an engine in promoting Rwandan culture through dance, theatre and

drama.

6. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Center: supports research and

teaching by maintaining and managing the University Network, the centralized database

systems, the computer systems and electrical equipment as well as advance disciplinary

diversity, partnerships and excellence.

7. Centre for Instructional Technology (CIT) Integrates technology in course delivery;

provides training and support for the University’s faculties and staff in the areas of instructional

technology and E-learning.

8. Radio Salus: NUR Radio station with service nationwide and northern part of neighboring

Burundi, eastern part of Tanzania on (97.00 and 101.90 FM). Currently, the second

widely listened to station in the country, it provides educational and community

information.

9. Rwanda Development Gateway (RDG): provides an online hub for Rwanda’s development

information. It manages the National Portal, accessible on (www.rwanda.r w ) – a hub

for information on Rwanda and the country’s web interface to the rest of the world.

10. University League for AIDS Control (LUCS)/Ligue Universitaire de Lutte Contre le SIDA

: Coordinates the activities of the fight against HIV/AIDS at National University of Rwanda.

11. Legal Aid Clinic of NUR: operates under the Faculty of Law for Community service and as

a training facility for law students. It assists the community in Southern Province and the

nation at large by offering training, advisory and

advocacy on legal related issues.

II. CURRENT SITUATION OF STAFF

II.1 DATA ON NUR TEACHING AND RESEARCH STAFF

Presented below are various statistics related to academic staff at the National University of

Rwanda. Table (1) shows existing profiles or education level for academic and research staff

by gender. Table (2) presents current academic grades per gender at NUR. Statistics show

that 419are males, that are 79 percent compared to 111 females, that is 21 percent.

Table (1): Current NUR Academic and Research Staff: level of Education by

Gender

Education Level Male Female Total Ratio

Bachelor's Degree 114 28 142 27%

Medical Doctor 21 7 28 5%

Master's Degree / DEA / DES 151 59 210 40%

Master of Medicine 30 4 34 6%

PhD 103 13 116 22%

Total 419 111 530 100%

Academic staff by Gender

Female21%

Male79%

Figure 1: Academic staff by Gender

Level of education by gender

200

150

100

50

0

114

28 217

151

59

103

30

4 13

Male

Female

Bachelor'sDegree

MedicalDoctor

Master's Degree /

DEA / DES

Master ofMedicine

PhD

Figure 2: Academic staff by Qualification and Gender.

Table (2): Academic Grade by Gender

Academic Grade Male Female Total

Tutorial Assistant 103 23 126

Assistant Lecturer 87 43 130

Lecturer 125 27 152

Senior Lecturer 49 6 55

Associate Professor 20 1 21

Professor 20 1 21

Research Assistant A 8 2 10

Research Assistant B 6 6 12

Researcher 0 1 1

Senior Researcher 0 1 1

Research Professor 1 0 1

Total 419 111 530

103

125

87

Academic Grade by Gender

Male Female

4943

23 27

620 20

8 6 61 1 2 0 1 0 1 1 0

Figure 3 : Academic Grade by Gender

Table (3) shows information in respect to grades compared to respective types of contracts.

Statistics show that 89 percent of the NUR academic and research staff are Rwandese

compared to 10 percent who are expatriates and 1 percent

are expatriate with local contracts.

0.57%

10.00%

89.43%

Local Staff Expatriate Staff Expatriate with Local Contract

Figure 4: Academic and research staff by nature of contract

Table (3): Grades, Local Staff, Expatriates, and Expatriates with local Contracts

Academic GradeMIFOTRA Contract

NUR Contract

ExpatriateContract Total

Tutorial Assistant 126 0 0 126

Assistant Lecturer 124 1 5 130

Lecturer 140 2 10 152

Senior Lecturer 40 0 15 55

Associate Professor 11 0 10 21

Professor 7 2 12 21

Research Assistant A 10 0 0 10

Research Assistant B 12 0 0 12

Researcher 1 0 0 1

Senior Researcher 0 0 1 1

Research Professor 1 0 0 1

Total 472 5 53 530

Table (4): Total academic staff: Local and Expatriates per Units

Faculty/School/UnitLocalStaff Expatriate

Expatriate with local contract Total

Agriculture 34 4 0 38Applied Sciences 41 7 1 49Arts, Media and SocialSciences 77 8 0 85Economics and Management 59 12 0 71Law 25 1 0 26Medicine 81 11 0 92Science 67 7 0 74Modern Languages 41 0 2 43Public Health 20 1 0 21CCM 11 0 0 11CIT 2 0 0 2ICT Center 2 0 0 2CGIS 13 2 0 15Research Commission 1 0 0 1Total 474 53 3 530

Table (5) below describes existing profiles or education level per Faculty/ School/ and

Research centre. Data show that 22 % are PhD holders, 6 % are Master of medicine

holders, 40 % are Masters degree holders, 27 % are Bachelor’s degree holders (utmost

tutorial assistants), and 5 percent are Medical Doctors.

Table (5): Academic Staff per their level of education

Education Level Number Percentage

PhD 116 22%

Master of Medicine 34 6%

Master's Degree 210 40%

Medical Doctor 28 5%

Bachelor's Degree 142 27%

Total 530 100%

Table (6): Academic Staff per Faculty, School, and ResearchCentre and their level of education

Faculty/School/Unit PhDMaster ofMedicine

Master's Degree / DEA / DESS

MedicalDoctor

Bachelor'sDegree Total

Agriculture 13 0 24 0 1 38Applied Sciences 10 0 18 0 21 49Arts, Media andSocial Sciences 23 0 46 0 16 85Economics andManagement 11 0 38 0 22 71Law 2 0 13 0 11 26Medicine 17 34 9 24 8 92Science 26 0 25 0 23 74Modern Languages 0 0 6 0 37 43Public Health 7 0 10 4 0 21CCM 3 0 8 0 0 11CIT 1 0 1 0 0 2ICT Center 0 0 1 0 1 2CGIS 3 0 11 0 1 15ResearchCommission 0 0 0 0 1 1

Total 116 34 210 28 142 530

Table (7) gives data on academic grades per faculty, school, or research centre. Statistics show

that 278 (52 %) of NUR academic and research staff are

Assistants (Assistants Lecturers, Research Assistants and Tutorial Assistants).

Faculty/School/Unit

Prof RP AP SL SR L R AL RAB RAA TA TotalAgriculture 3 0 1 6 0 14 0 13 0 0 1 38Applied Sciences 0 0 3 6 0 7 0 15 0 0 18 49Arts, Media andSocial Sciences 2 0 4 10 0 43 0 15 0 0 11 85Economics andManagement 2 0 5 3 0 14 0 25 0 0 22 71Law 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 7 0 0 8 26Medicine 5 0 3 18 0 28 0 30 0 0 8 92Science 6 0 2 12 0 24 0 10 0 0 20 74Modern Languages 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 5 0 0 37 43Public Health 1 0 2 0 0 8 0 10 0 0 0 21CCM 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 4 3 0 11CIT 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2ICT Center 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2CGIS 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 5 6 1 15ResearchCommission 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

0Total 21 1 21 55 1 152 1 130 12 10 126 530

Table (7): Academic Staff per Faculty, School, and Research Center and academic grades

Academic Staff by Gradings

Professor 21

Associate 21Professor

Senior 55Lecturer

Lecturer

AssistantLecturer

TutorialAssistant

130

126

152

Figure 5: Academic Staff Grading

ResearchProfessor

SeniorResearcher

Research Staff by Grading

1

1

Researcher 1

Research 12Assistant B

Research 10Assistant A

Figure 6: Research Staff Grading

Table (8) gives the information on training status of academic staff per unit. It shows that 14

percent of the academic and research staff are local staff who completed their PhD, 23

percent are on training (PhD and Masters) and 51 percent (that is 272) need training for

either Masters or PhD. The remaining 11 percent are expatriate staff.

Table (8): Academic staff training status per faculty, School, and Research Centers

(excluding expatriate staff)

TRAINING STATUS1Faculty/School/Unit CT OT WT TotalAgriculture 8 13 13 34Applied Sciences 5 13 23 41Arts, Media and Social Sciences 18 22 37 77Economics and Management 7 13 39 59Law 1 8 16 25Medicine 8 20 53 81Science 19 20 28 67Modern Languages 0 4 37 41Public Health 5 5 10 20CCM 3 1 7 11CIT 1 1 0 2ICT Center 0 1 1 2CGIS 1 2 10 13Research Commission 0 0 1 1Total 76 123 275 474

1 Waiting for Training, On Training, Completed Training, Expatriate

Staff training status

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

118

74

258

CT

OT

WT

172 5

Academic Staff Research Staff

Figure 7: Staff training status

The following Table (9) presents information on the mode of training and those currently in

post.

Mode of Training

500 408

400

300

200

100 51 71

Full Time

Sandwich

In Post

0

Figure 8: Mode of Training

Table (9) Training Program: Full time students, Sandwich, and in post (Waiting or completed)

Faculty/School/Unit Full Time Sandwich In Post Total

Agriculture 7 6 25 38

Applied Sciences 11 2 36 49

Arts, Media and Social Sciences 2 20 63 85

Economics and Management 4 9 58 71

Law 5 3 18 26

Medicine 6 14 72 92

Science 7 12 55 74

Modern Languages 2 2 39 43

Public Health 2 3 16 21

CCM 1 0 10 11

CIT 1 0 1 2

ICT Center 1 0 1 2

CGIS 2 0 13 15

Research Commission 0 0 1 1

Total 51 71 408 530

II.2 STATISTICS RELATED TO ACADEMIC STAFF WHO HAVE LEFT NUR SINCE 2000

Table (10) and (11) gives details on academic staff retirement in 2009. They show the number

of those who retired and those who are at age of retirement. Consequently, this increases the

need to recruit new staff.

Table (10): Academic and Research Staff retired in 2009

Faculty

Master'sDegree / DEA/DES

Master ofMedicine PhD Total

Faculty of Arts, Media andSocial Sciences 1 0 0 1Faculty of Economics andManagement 0 0 1 1

Faculty of Medicine 0 1 0 1

Total 1 1 1 3

Table (11): Academic and Research Staff at age of retirement in 2009

FACULTY LecturerAssociateProfessor Professor Total

Applied Science 1 1 0 2

Economics andManagement 0 1 0 1

Medicine 1 1 4 6

Science 0 0 1 1

Total 2 3 5 10

Academic and Research Staff at Retirement Age in 2009

6

2

1 1

AppliedScience

Economics and

Management

Medicine Science

Figure 9: Academic staff at retirement age in 2009

The next table shows the number of academic staff who have left NUR since

2000.

Table (12): Academic Staff that have left NUR since 2000

Year of Departure Total

2002 1

2003 1

2004 12

2005 28

2006 24

2007 21

2008 49

2009 39

Total 175

Table (13): Education level of Academic staff that has left NUR since 2000

Year of Departure BachelorsMedicalDoctor Masters M. MED PhD Total

2002 0 0 1 0 0 1

2003 0 0 1 0 0 1

2004 2 0 5 2 3 12

2005 3 0 20 0 5 28

2006 3 0 15 0 6 24

2007 4 0 10 1 6 21

2008 11 1 16 2 19 49

2009 6 0 21 1 11 39

Total 29 1 89 6 50 175

Academic Staff Who Left per Year of Departure

4950

45 3940

3528

30 2425 21

20

1512

10

5 1 1

0

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Figure 10: Academic staff who left NUR per year of departure

Education Level of Academic Staff who left NUR since 2000

8990

80

70

60

50

4029

30

Bachelors

Medical Doctor50

Masters

M. MED

PhD

20

10 1

0

Figure 11: Academic staff left NUR per their level of Education

20NUR Facts and Figures December 2009

II. 3 ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL STAFF

II.3.1 Data on overall administrative staff

The total number of administrative staff and technicians recognized by MIFOTRA

is equal to 152 and the maximum accepted by MIFOTRA to NUR is 175.

With reference to 530 academic staff, one administrative staff supports 3 academic staff

instead of 2 as per international standards. This number compels NUR to use its internal

generated income to pay about 290 additional staff for administration and technical and

support activities to be able to carry out its duties.

The following Table (16) and Table (17) give the current situation of

administrative and technical staff at NUR. 43 % of the Administrative staff are female and 57

% are male.

Table (16): Administrative and Technical Staff by Unit and Gender

Faculty/School/Unit Male Female TotalAgriculture 11 10 21Applied Sciences 10 6 16Arts, Media and Social Sciences 4 4 8Economics and Management 2 5 7Law 3 8 11Medicine 5 10 15Science 10 8 18Modern Languages 3 4 7Public Health 5 7 12CCM 1 4 5ICT Center 38 8 46CGIS 0 4 4UCAD 5 3 8HRM 7 5 12CUSP 2 7 9DPD 5 1 6Estate Unit 56 7 63Finances 17 10 27Internal Audit 7 2 9Liaison Office 1 2 3Library 20 26 46Office of the Rector 3 3 6Office of VRAC 1 3 4Office of VRAF 1 4 5Public Relations 3 0 3Quality Assurance 2 5 7

Faculty/School/Unit Male Female TotalRegistrar's Office 9 8 17Research Commission 0 2 2Radio Salus 9 4 13Organs' Secretariat 2 3 5Students' Services 15 14 29Consultancy Bureau 1 2 3CEESD 0 2 2Total 258 191 449

Table (17): Education level by the type of contract & Qualification/Education level

Education Level Full Time Renewable TotalPhD 5 0 5Master's Degree /DEA / DES 8 4 12Medical Doctors 1 0 1Bachelor's Degree 110 60 170A1 34 80 114A2 1 77 78D4 0 2 2A3 0 8 8Primary 0 59 59Total 159 290 449

Education Level of Administration and Technical Staff

170

114

7859

5 121 2 8

Figure 12: Education qualification of Administrative staff.

Table (18): Education level of Administrative and Technical staff Per Unit

Faculty/ School/ PhD

Master's Degree / DEA /

Medical

Bachelor's

A1 (Diplom

A2 (Seconda D4 A3 Primar Total

Agriculture 0 1 0 6 3 5 0 1 5 21AppliedSciences 0 1 0 3 5 3 0 1 3 16Arts, Media and SocialSciences 0 0 0 5 0 3 0 0 0 8Economics andManagement 0 0 0 3 1 3 0 0 0 7

Law 0 0 0 6 3 1 0 0 1 11

Medicine 0 0 0 8 3 3 0 0 1 15

Science 0 0 0 6 8 2 0 0 2 18ModernLanguages 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 0 1 7PublicHealth 0 0 0 6 4 0 0 1 1 12

CCM 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 5

ICT Center 0 1 0 12 21 6 0 0 6 46

CGIS 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 4

UCAD 0 0 0 5 0 3 0 0 0 8

HRM 0 0 0 9 2 1 0 0 0 12

CUSP 0 0 0 1 1 6 0 1 0 9

DPD 0 1 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 6

Estate Unit 0 0 0 4 6 13 0 4 36 63

Finances 0 0 0 20 5 1 1 0 0 27InternalAudit 0 1 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 9LiaisonOffice 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 3

Library 0 2 0 16 21 6 1 0 0 46Office of theRector 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 6Office ofVRAC 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 4Office ofVRAF 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 5PublicRelations 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3QualityAssurance 1 0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 7Registrar'sOffice 1 0 0 4 7 5 0 0 0 17ResearchCommission 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2

Radio Salus 0 0 0 9 1 2 0 0 1 13Organs' Secretariat 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 5

Students' 0 1 1 9 7 11 0 0 0 29

Faculty/ School/ Unit

PhD

Master'sDegree / DEA / DES

Medical

Bachelor's

A1 (Diploma)

A2 (Secondary)

D4 A3 Primary

Total

Services

ConsultancyBureau 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3

CEESD 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2

Total 5 12 1 170 114 78 2 8 59 449

II.3.2 Laboratory technicians and Library staff

Currently laboratory technicians and library staff within universities are considered as

administrative staff and are managed accordingly to general regulations by MIFOTRA.

However, the above categories of staff are assimilated to academic staff in all other universities.

Indeed, they actively participate in the training of students and give valuable support to

researchers. Therefore, given that these staff at NUR are not considered on the same grounds

as academics this makes most of them to leave the university and hence, a continuous short of

technical staff for the benefit of the private sector.

The case of library staff is also similar. Some of them are very highly trained, but under current

administrative guidelines they cannot progress in their career because they do not perform

supervisory tasks. This creates instability. When they are trained, they end up leaving because

of more attractive salaries from elsewhere.

Our proposal is to grant incentives to laboratory technicians in the same way as

ICT experts, and to give academic status to librarians fulfilling the same requirements

as per academic staff.

III. DATA RELATED TO NUR STUDENTS

III. 1 CURRENT ENROLLMENT

Statistics provided with respect to students are based on those who have already formally

registered for 2009 academic year. Table (18) gives the number of currently registered

undergraduate and post graduates students per faculty.

Table (19): Currently registered students

FACULTY Male Female TotalFaculty of Agriculture 588 275 863

Faculty of Applied Sciences 1019 246 1265

Faculty of Arts Media and Social Sciences 1123 716 1839

Faculty of Economics and Management 1762 779 2541Faculty of Law 524 181 705Faculty of Medicine 988 460 1448Faculty of Science 891 224 1115School of Public Health 74 41 115Center for Conflict Management (CCM) 21 9 30

Total 6990 2931 9921

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0

8631265

1839

2541

705

14481115

115 30

Figure 13: Currently registered students for 2009

III. 2 GRADUATION TREND FROM 1963 TO 2009

The table below (21) and figure (15) shows the number of students who graduated in March 2009.

Table (20): Graduation 2009 per Faculty and Gender

FACULTY /SCHOOL MALE FEMALE TOTAL

Agriculture 76 20 96

Arts and Humanities 71 100 171

Education 62 79 141

Law 62 15 77

Economics and Management 190 75 265

Social, Political and Administration Sciences 126 127 253

Science 99 22 121

Applied Sciences 145 12 157

Medicine 88 30 118

Journalism and Communication 20 10 30

Public Health 12 11 23

TOTAL 951 501 1452

Table 22, Table 23 and Figures (16 to 18) show graduation figures and trends from 1963 to

2009. Clearly, there is a significant increase in graduates mainly for the period after 1994

Genocide. Furthermore, these graduates constitute a contribution of the university in

capacity building and to various development plans of the country. However, there is need to

improve linkages between the university and other development professionals to jointly

address the demands of the community and different challenges underpin social and

economic transformation

Since 1995, 10199 students graduated from NUR. These are 84 % of all NUR

graduates since it was founded in 1963.

Table (21): Graduation since 1995 by gender

Academic Year Male Female Total

Year 1995 82 21 103

Year 1996 104 26 130

Year 1997 132 43 175

Year 1998 284 110 394

Year 2000 388 153 541

Year 2001 452 162 614

Year 2002 371 131 502

Year 2004 357 104 461

Year 2005 384 127 511

Year 2006 1567 506 2073

Year 2008 2417 826 3243

Year 2009 951 501 1452

TOTAL 7489 2710 10199

Graduation from 1995-2009

3500 3243

3000

2500

2000

1500

2073

1452

1000

500

0103 130 175

394541 614

502 461 511

Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009

Figure 14: Graduation trend from 1995-2009

964

786

194

18

1963-1972 1973-1979 1980-1986 1987-1993Graduates 18 194 786 964

Figure 15: Graduation trend from 1963 – 1993

Table (22): Degrees awarded by NUR since 1963

AcademicYear Ph.D

Master's degrees

PostgraduateDiploma

Bachelor's degrees

AdvancedDiploma Total

1963 - 1972 0 0 0 18 0 18

1973 - 1979 0 0 0 194 0 194

1980 - 1986 0 0 0 786 0 786

1987 - 1993 0 0 0 964 0 964

1995 0 0 0 103 0 1031996 0 0 0 130 0 130

1997 0 0 0 175 0 175

1998 0 0 0 394 0 394

2000 0 0 0 541 0 541

2001 0 0 0 614 0 614

2002 0 0 0 502 0 5022004 0 10 0 451 0 461

2005 0 8 0 503 0 511

2006 0 23 0 2050 0 2073

2008 2 75 0 3166 0 3243

2009 0 47 47 1274 84 1452

TOTAL 2 163 47 11865 84 12161

Graduation candidates per period

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0

Figure 16: Graduation trend from 1993 – 2006

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013No. of Private Students 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000No. of Part-Time Students 852 805 1021 1274 1502 1649No. of Day Students 7475 9828 11866 13645 12988 13190

Num

ber

of S

tude

nts

IV. WAY FORWARD AND CHALLENGES

The figure below shows the projections of students’ enrolment in the period

2008-2013.

Projection of Student Enrollment 2008-2012

16000

14000

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0

Figure 17: Projection of student enrollment 2008-2013

As the enrolment increases, it will be necessary to meet needs in staff, infrastructure and

equipment. However, NUR currently faces some challenges like inadequate staffing, and high

staff turnover, inadequate teaching space, inadequate students accommodation

infrastructure and contingency upon

Government and donors’ funds.

Inadequate Staffing

Considering that staff on Sandwich training mode have 20 percent of workload, the FTE (full

time equivalent) teaching staff without tutorial and research assistants is 311. This gives a

general Staff-Student-Ratio (SSR) of 1:32.

Table (23): Staff-Students Ratio per Faculty

FACULTY Students

F/T staff with T.A at0.5 FTE

SSR with T.Aat 0.5 FTE

Agriculture 863 26 34

Applied Sciences 1265 24 53

Arts, Media and Social Sciences 1839 61 30

Economics and Management 2541 47 54

Law 705 13 56

Medicine 1448 70 21

Science 1115 44 25

Public Health 115 17 7

CCM 30 10 3

TOTAL 9921 311 32

Available Teaching Staff: Excludes tutorial assistants and Staff on full time training

Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Total Students 9,921 13887 15919 15490 15839

Existing Staff 311 311 311 311 311

Required Staff 496 694 796 775 792

Shortage of Staff 185 383 485 464 481

In order to have the required general Staff-Student-Ratio of 1:20, as the number of students and

programs increase, there is a need to reduce staff shortage by recruitment and training.

High and increasing Staff Turnover in Academic Staff

Most of people leaving from academic staff are Rwandese. In all academic staff who left, 75

percent left because of personal reasons.

Table (26): Nationality and Reason of departure (ratio in total staff turnover)

Reason of Departure Rwandese Expatriate Total

Governement Appointment 5% 0% 5%

End of Contract 0% 5% 5%

Retirement 11% 0% 11%

Dismissal and legal cases 4% 0% 4%

Personal Reasons throughResignation, Job leaving, etc 69% 5% 75%

Total 90% 10% 100%

Table (27): Qualification of academic staff who left NUR

Year of Departure BachelorsMedicalDoctor Masters

M. MED PhD Total

2002 0 0 1 0 0 1

2003 0 0 1 0 0 1

2004 2 0 5 2 3 12

2005 3 0 20 0 5 28

2006 3 0 15 0 6 24

2007 4 0 10 1 6 21

2008 11 1 16 2 19 49

2009 6 0 21 1 11 39

Total 29 1 89 6 50 175

It shown that 145 (that is 83 %) of academic staff who left had at least a Master’s

degree. The more people are qualified or trained, the greater are chances to leave for more

paying jobs.

Projection of Classroom Space Requirement 2009-2013

35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

2009 2011 2012 2013Required Space in Sq. Mt

19,842 31,838 30,980 31,678Existing Space in Sq. Mt

5756 5756 5756 5756Shortage Space in Sq. Mt

14,086 26,082 25,224 25,922

Sq.

Mts

.

Inadequate teaching spaceThere is a high shortage of classrooms and laboratories. This may affect the quality of both teaching and output (graduates).

-

Figure 18: Projection of Classrooms requirement

As, 70 % of total intakes of students in National University of Rwanda are admitted to

Science and Technology options, there is a need for more science

laboratories.

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Required Space 11728 15080 17638 16918 15400Existing Space 2484 2484 2484 2484 2484Shortage Space 9244 12596 15154 14434 12916

Spac

e in

Sq.

M

ts.

18000

Required Science laboratories space

16000

14000

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0

Figure 19: Science laboratory space requirement: 2.5 Sqm/Student

The library has only 206 sitting places which have to satisfy 9921 students.

Library Hosting Capacity

2%

The library can host only 2 % of students

98%

Figure 20: NUR Library hosting capacity

Figure 21: Ratio of computer per student

Spac

e in

sq. m

ts /

Com

pute

r in

no

s.

ICT facilities to students Two Compulsory ICT module for all programmes/students in first year

Currently NUR has two ICT related UG Day programme and one PG Day

programme

– B.Sc Computer Science– Bachelors in IT Applications for Management– M.Sc (ICT)

Computer student ratio:With 639 computers in use for students, the computer student ratio is Ratio 1:16

Current Situation Projected Situation

Requirement of Computers 2009-2013

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

02009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Required computers 1240 1736 1990 1936 1980Existing computers 639 639 639 639 639Shortage of computers 601 1097 1351 1297 1341

Figure 22: Projection of Computers requirement 2009-2013 (Ratio 1: 8)

Inadequate students accommodation infrastructure

Existing students’ hostels can only shelter 2188 students (22 %) of NUR

students. The recently completed private sector hostel has a hosting capacity of

1372 students, but its rent is expensive to students (FRW 10,000/Month).

Contingency upon government and donors’ funds

NUR expenditures have always been mainly financed by government and donors, as

internally generated income was insufficient. This year, the payments from

government sponsored students and donor funds are the main components of our

budget. This can slow activities, and hinder the implementation of development

projects that are in our strategic plans.

Table (28): Sources of NUR expenditures funding (2007-2009)

Source of revenue

Execution2007

Execution2008

Execution 2009 (Mini Budget)

Government Funding/ Payment for sponsored students 79% 51% 53%

Internal Revenue 21% 36% 32%

Donors Funding 0% 13% 15%

Total 100% 100% 100%

APPENDIX 2: ACADEMIC STAFF LISTNational University of Rwanda, February 2010

I. SENIOR OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF RWANDAChancellorDr. Charles Muligande, B.Sc. M.Sc. (Belgium), Ph.D. (Namur), PDF (Howard, USA)Minister of EducationChairperson of the Board of DirectorsDr. Theogene Rutagwenda, BVM. (Makerere University), M.Sc. (Nairobi), Ph.D. (Hanover)RectorProf. Silas Lwakabamba, B.Sc., Ph.D. (Leeds), D.Tech (Hon) (Glasgow Caledonian), D.Sc. (Hon)(Southampton Solent), MIET, FWIT, FINIITVice Rector for Academic AffairsDr. Martin O’Hara, B.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D. (University of Exeter, UK), C.Eng. MICE, MIES, ILTMVice-Rector for Administrative and FinanceDr. Uzziel Ndagijimana, B.Sc. (WSE), M.Sc. (Economics), Ph.D. (Warsaw University, Poland)II. FACULTY OF AGRICULTUREDean and Senior LecturerNTIRUSHWA MUSHI RUKAZAMBUGA Daniel Thomas, B.Sc. (Agriculture) M.Sc.(Applied Entomology, England), Ph.D. (Agriculture, Crop Production and PestManagement, University of Reading, England)Vice Dean –Undergraduate Studies and ProfessorY.K. Sallah Peter, M.Sc. (USA), Ph.D. (The University of Minnesota, USA),Vice Dean –Research, Consultancy & Postgraduate Studies & Senior LecturerMBONIGABA MUHINDA Jean Jacques, B.Sc. (Agriculture, NUR), M.Sc. (Sciencesagronomiques et Ingenierie biologique, Belgium), Ph.D. (Sciences agronomiques etIngenierie biologique, Belgium)1) Department of Agricultural Economics & AgribusinessHead of DepartmentNGABITSINZE Jean Chrysostome, Masters (Economics), Ph.D. (Innovation Technology ofFood and Agriculture Sciences, Milan State University, Italy)LecturerBIZIMANA Jean Claude, Masters (Agricultural Eco, FT, Texas A&M, USA), Ph.D.(Agricultural Economics)MUREKEZI Abdoul Karim, B.Sc. (Agriculture, Burundi), M.Sc. (Agricultural Economics,USA), Ph.D. (Doing, International Agricultural Development, MSU, USA)*RUNEZERWA BIZOZA Alfred, B.Sc. (Economique Publique, NUR), M.Sc. (AgriculturalEconomics, South-Africa), Ph.D. (Doing, Wageningen University, Netherlands)BIHIGO Etienne, M.Sc. (Agribusiness Texas A&M University, USA)Assistant LecturerKAYISINGA Jean Claude, B.Sc. (Agriculture, NUR), M.Sc. (Agribusiness, Texas A&MUniversity, USA)NIYITANGA Fidele, B.Sc. (Economics, NUR), M.Sc. (Rural Economics, CatholicUniversity of Leuven, Belgium)UMUHIRE Chantal, B.Sc. (Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, NUR), M.Sc. (Agri-Business Management, Scotland)2) Department of Animal ProductionHead of DepartmentNYINAWAMWIZA Laetitia, B.Sc. (Biology, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Ecologie des eauxcontinentales, Belgium), Ph.D. (Sciences Biologiques, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix a NAMUR, Belgium) (Sal List Agronomie)Lecturer*KANANI Juvenal, B.Sc. (Agriculture, NUR), M.Sc. (Animal Science, Texas A&MUniversity, Kingsville, USA), Ph.D. (Doing, Animal Nutrition, University of Arkansas, USA)*RUKERA TABARO Simon, B.Sc. (Biology, NUR), Ph.D. (Doing, EnvironmentalManagement Stream, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South-Africa)GATARI Callixte, M.Sc. (Agricultural and Extension Education, MSU, USA), Ph.D.(Veterinaire, Institut Zooveterinaire N.M Borrissinko, Union des Republiques SocialistesSovietiques)

Assistant LecturerUWITUZE Solange, B.Sc. (Animal Production, NUR), M.Sc. (Kansas State University, USA)NKUNDAKOZERA NUBUHORO, B.Sc. (Agriculture, NUR), M.Sc. (Sciences agronomiques etIngenierie biologique, Academie Universitaire Wallonie, Europe)3) Department of Crop Production & HorticultureHead of Department and Senior LecturerMURINDA Venuste, B.Sc. (Agriculture), Ph.D. (Crop Physiology, University of Oxford, U.K)Associate ProfessorSUDARSANAM, DORAVARI, B.Sc. (Science Education, University of Mysore, India), M.Sc.(Botany, SRI VENKATESWARA UNIVERSITY, India), Ph.D. (Philosophy, QUEEN'SUNIVERSITY, Kingston)Senior LecturerMUGUNGA MUHINDA Elie, B.Sc. (Pharmacy and Biology, University of Kinshasa), Ph.D.(Applied Entomology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria)MIKOVA Ksenya Dmitrievna, M.Sc. (Hydrometeorology, Perm State University, Russia),(Geographic Science, Perm State University, Russia)Lecturer*BUCAGU Charles, B.Sc. (Productions Vegetables, NUR), M.Sc. (Agronomy, University ofPretoria, South-Africa), Ph.D. (Doing, Agro Forestry Systems, Wageningen University,Netherlands)Assistant LecturerKENYANGI Alphonsine, B.Sc. (Agriculture, NUR), M.Sc. (Plant Sciences, WageningenUniversity, Netherlands)UMUHOZARIHO Marie Gorette, Certificate of Participation (Developing andimplementing HACCP Plans for Meat Industry, Texas A&M University), B.Sc. (FoodScience and Technology, University of Burundi), M.Sc. (Animal Science, Texas A&MUniversity, Kingsville, USA)*NYOMBAIRE George, B.Sc. (Crop Sciences, NUR), Ph.D. (Doing, Food Sciences, USA)UWUMUKIZA Beatrice, M.Sc. (Plant Pathology and Entomology, WageningenUniversity, Netherlands)KAREKEZI KEMIREMBE Olive, B.Sc. (Agriculture, NUR), M.Sc. (Agriculture and ExtensionEducation, MSU, USA), Ph.D.4) Department of Soil & EnvironmentHead of Department & ProfessorPierre MAMBANI BANDA, PDF (Internal Rice Research Institute, RD Congo), Diploma deDoctorate (Agronomy, University du Zaire)ProfessorMUNYANZIZA Esron, B.Sc. (Forestry), M.Sc. (Ecology and Silviculture of Tropical Forest,Netherlands), Ph.D. (Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Wageningen AgriculturalUniversity, Netherlands)

Senior LecturerNARAMABUYE Francois-Xavier, B.Sc. (Soil et Genie rural, NUR), M.Sc. (Environmental Soil Sciences, South Africa), Ph.D. (Soil Science, South Africa)

LecturersRUKANGANTAMBARA Hamudu, M.Sc. (Agrochimie et Pedagogie, Ukraine), Ph.D. Biology, Russian State Agrarian University, Russia)MUGUNGA Canisius Patrick, B.Sc. (Forestry), M.Sc. (Forest Science, USA), Ph.D. (Doing,Agro forestry, Wageningen University, Netherlands)NZEYIMANA Innocent, B.Sc. (Sols et Genie rural, NUR), M.Sc. (Soil Science, University of Natal Pietermaritzburg)Assistant LecturerNKESHIMANA Godeberthe, B.Sc. (Agriculture, NUR), M.Sc. (International Land and Water management, Netherlands)MUKASHEMA Adrie, B.Sc. (Sols et Genie Rural, NUR), M.Sc. (Soil Information System for Sustainable Land Management, Netherlands)Tutorial AssistantKOMIRE Robert, Bachelors (Environmental Management, NUR, Rwanda)III. FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

Dean and ProfessorProf. Dawoud D S, B.Sc. (Telecommunication, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University), M.Sc. (Telecommunication, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University), Ph.D. (Computer Engineering, Leningrad Electrical Engineering Institute, USSR)Vice-Dean for Postgraduate Studies & LecturerRWABUHUNGIRO Digne Edmond, B.Sc. (Geologie, RD Congo), M.Sc. (Hydrologie, Belgium), Ph.D. (Etude du comportment biogeochimique du carbone dans le lac Kivu au nord -ouest du Rwanda, ULB, Belgium)Vice Dean for Undergraduate Studies & Senior LecturerASHRAPH SUALIMAN, B.Sc. (Computer Science, Madras University, India), M.Sc.(Information Technology and Management, Periyar University, India), M.S. (Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University), MBA (Doing, Anna University, India), Ph.D. (Doing, SRM University India)1) Department of Computer ScienceHead & LecturerAUXEELIYA Jesudoss, B.Sc. (Bio-Chemistry, Madras University, India), M.Sc. (Information Technology and Management, Periyar University, India), M.S. (Computer Science and Engineering, SRM university), MBA (Doing, Anna University, India), Ph.D. (Doing, SRM University India)Assistant ProfessorDmitry Urievich KUZNETSOV, M.Sc. (Mathematics, Russia), Ph.D. (Mathematics,Leningrad State University, Russia)Senior LecturerSAHINGUVU William, B.Sc. (Universite de Burundi), M.Sc. (MIS, AE we Wroclawiu), Ph.D. (MIS, AE we Wroclawiu, Pologne)LecturerRATNAKAR KOTNANA, M.S. (Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Clear Lake, USA), B.E. (Electronics and Communication Engineering, Andhra University, India)Assistant Lecturer*RULINDA Coco, Master (Geo-Informatics, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Netherlands), Ph.D. (Pursuing)KARASIRA UZARAMBA Aimable, B.Sc. (Computer Science, NUR), Master (Software Engineering in Computer Science, NUR, Rwanda)KABANDANA Innocent, Masters (Computer Science and Software development)Tutorial Assistant & Coordinator of Rusizi CampusMAJYAMBERE Silas, B.Sc. (Computer Science, NUR, Rwanda)Tutorial Assistant & Evening IT CoordinatorTWIZEYIMANA J. Damascene, B.Sc. (Computer Science, NUR)Tutorial Assistant:UWIZEYIMANA Providence, B.Sc. (Computer Science, NUR, Rwanda)MUGABE Gentil, B.Sc. (Computer Science, NUR, Rwanda)*MUSANGANYA Rosine, B.Sc. (Computer Science, NUR), M.Sc. (Doing, Advanced Networking, Napier University, Scotland)MBONABUCYA Celestin, B.Sc. (Computer Science, NUR, Rwanda)*UWASE Jean Claude, B.Sc. (Computer Science, NUR), Masters (Doing, ICT, LiegeUniversity, Belgium)BIZIMUNGU Théogène, B.Sc. (Computer Science, NUR, Rwanda)2) Department of Civil EngineeringHead & LecturerRUHIGIRA BIDA Augustin, Certificate(Mines), Certificat d'Economie Et Gestion duTransport, Certificat Router et Transport Routier, Bachelor( mines, Universite Nationale Du Zaire), M.Sc. (Minerals Processing, Universite d'Etat a Liege, Beligique), Maitrise (Sciences appliqués (Traitement des mines), Universite de Liege)Assistant ProfessorNKANIKA WA RUPIYA Prosper, Bachelor (Geologie, Institut National des Mines-Bukavu), Ph.D. (Sciences, Universite Nationale Du Zaire Lubumbashi, RD Congo), Doctorat de Specialite (Geologie et Mineralogie ,Universite de'Orleans, France)Senior Lecturer & M.Sc. WREM CoordinatorUMARU GARBA Wali, B.Sc. (Agriculture of mechanization, College of Agriculture, Animal Health and Husbandry Zuru, Zuru Sokoto state), M.Sc. (Technical Sciences in

Hydromelioration and Water Supply, USSR), Ph.D. (Technical sciences (Hydraulics and Engineering Hydrology), Moscow State University of Environmental Engineering, Russia)LecturerMUTABARUKA Jean de Dieu, Masters (Genie Civil et industriel, Institut Ukrainien des ingenieurs de l'economie hydraulique, Ukraine)NDAGIJIMANA Anastacia Vera Cruz, B.Sc. (Architecture and Urban Science, the Warsaw University of Technology), Masters (Architecture and Urban Science, the Warsaw University of Technology, Pologne)TWAGIRA N. François, Enseignant, Licence (Génie Chimique industriel, Université de Lubumbashi, RDC)TWAGIRA NIYONZIMA François, Bachelors (Chemistry)Assistant LecturerNDAYISENGA Jean Pierre, Bachelor (Civil Engineering, NUR), Masters (Urban Planning and Management, Enscheda, Netherlands)MUNYABURANGA Vivien, B.Sc. (Civil Engineering, NUR) M.Sc. (Urban Infrastructure Management, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Netherlands)*UWIMANA Abidas, B.Sc. (Chemistry, NUR), M.Sc. (Water Resources and Environmental Management, NUR), Ph.D. (Doing, Environmental Sciences, UNESCO-IHE Institution, Netherlands)MUNYANEZA Omar, Bachelors (Civil Engineering, NUR, Rwanda)NZAHABWANIMANA Alexis, Ph.D. (Geotechnics)*GAFISHI Clement, Bachelor (Civil Engineering, NUR, Rwanda), Ph.D. (Doing, Egypt)Tutorial AssistantNTIHEMUKA Fulgence, Bachelors (Civil Engineering, NUR, Rwanda)*NYAMUBERWA Ernest, Bachelors (Civil Engineering, NUR), Masters (Doing, Civil Engineering Construction, Liege University, Belgium)HIRWA MUHIRE Olivier, Bachelors (Civil Engineering, NUR, Rwanda)INGABIRE Dominique, B.Sc. (Microbiology, Chemistry, Zoology, Bangalore University, India)3) Department of Electrical and ElectronicsLecturer & HeadMANIRAGUHA Ezeckiel, Masters (Electricity, Universite Technique de Sofia, Bulgaria)Senior Lecturer & Coordinator of M.Sc. ICTAKOLI Felix Korbla, Ph.D. (DOUCTOR EM ENGENHARIA ELECTRICA, Pontificia Universidad Catholic Do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)Senior LecturerNDAGIJE Charles, Bachelors (Radion physics and electronics, Peoples' FriendshipUniversity of Russia), Masters (Physics, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia)Ph.D. (Physics and Mathematics, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia)KARAMBIZI Sylvestre, Masters (Computer Science, Universite d'Aviation Civile de RIGA), Ph.D. (Informatique/Automatisme, Universite Technique de RIGA, Lettonie)Assistant Lecturer*MBARUSHIMANA Ally, M.Sc. (Doing, China), Bachelors (Electrical powerEngineering, NUR, Rwanda)*BIKORIMANA Jean Marie, M.Sc. (Doing, Vienne), Bachelors (Electrical powerEngineering, NUR, Rwanda)HABUMUGISHA Didace, Bachelors (Physics, NUR, Rwanda), Masters (Sciences Appliqués, University de Liege, Belgium)*TWIZERE, Céléstin, Ph.D. (Doing, Rome), MSc. (Rome), Licence (Physique, NUR,Rwanda)Tutorial AssistantMUKUNDUFITE Fabien, Certificate (Working with Electrical Machines), Certificates (Motor-Bobinage et Mesure, Transformateur, generateur asynchrone), B.Sc. (Electrical power engineering, NUR, Rwanda)MUHAYIMANA Obed, Bachelor (Electrical power Engineering, NUR, Rwanda)BNAKUNZIBAKE Pierre, Bachelor (Electronics and Communication Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, India)CYUSA Christopher, Bachelor (Electrical power and Electronic Engineering, NUR,Rwanda)DUHUJAMAHORO Charles, Certificate de Monitor at (NUR), Bachelor (Electricity and Electronics Engineering, NUR, Rwanda)KABIRI Charles, Certificate de Monitor at (NUR 2005), Bachelor (Electrical power

Engineering, NUR, Rwanda)RUTABAYORO NGOGA Said, Bachelor (Electricity and Electronics, NUR, Rwanda)IV. FACULTY OF ARTS, MEDIA AND SOCIAL SCIENCESDean & LecturerDr. NKURAYIJA Jean de la Croix, Bachelors (Financement de l'économie, CongoBrazzaville), Masters (Financement de l'economie, Congo Brazzaville), Ph.D.(Anthropologie du changement social et de developpement, JOHANNES GUTENBERGUNIVERSITAT MAINZ, Allemagne)Vice Dean for Research, Consultancy & Postgraduate Studies & LecturerDr. RUDACOGORA T. Augustin, Ph.D. (Comparative Literature)Vice Dean for Finance Administration & Income Generation & Senior LecturerDr. MASENGESHO KAMUZINZI, Bachelors (Administration and Educational Planning, Rwanda), Masters (Educational management, Cote d'ivoire), Ph.D. (Sciences de l'education, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium)1) Department of Social SciencesHead & Senior LecturerSaboke Peter KENNEDY NYATAYA, Bachelors (Arts with Honors in Sociology, Raja ram Government College), Masters (Philosophy in Sociology, Shivaji University) Master (Arts in Sociology), Ph.D. (Philosophy in Sociology, Gandhigram Rural University, India)Senior LecturerMASABO François, Bachelor (Théologie), Masters (Théologie), Ph.D. (Traduction etchangement, Université Marc Bloch, France)SERUPIYA SEMUHOZA Etienne, Bachelor (Français, Congo), Masters (Administration scolaire, Cote d'Ivoire), Ph.D.(Psychologie et Sciences de l'Education, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Belgium)Lecturer*HAHIRWA GUMIRA Joseph, Certificate (assistance psychosociale des enfants),Bachelors (Social sciences, Rwanda), Masters (Social work, South Africa), Ph.D. (Doing, Peace and Development, Gothenburg University, Sweden)Kamilla KASPEREK, Masters (Health and Social Work, Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main-University of Applied Sciences Verleit, Germany)KARINGANIRE Charles, Bachelors (Social Sciences, Rwanda), Masters (Sociology,University of Stellenbosch, South Africa)Assistant LecturerMUKAMURENZI Beata, Bachelors (Social sciences, Rwanda), Masters (Sociology,University of Nairobi, Kenya) RUTSIBUKA Innocent, Bachelors (Social sciences, Rwanda), Masters (sociology, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa)NDAHIRIWE Innocent, Bachelors (Education, Uganda), Masters (Development studies, Uganda), Ph.D. (Doing, Peace and Development, Gothenburg University, Sweden)BAYISENGE Jeannette, Bachelors (Social work, Rwanda), Masters (Developmentcooperation, Ewha Womans University, South Korea)NIWEMUGENI Christine, Bachelors (Social sciences, Rwanda), Masters (Development, environment and society, Academie universitaire de Louvais, Belgium) HABINEZA Jean Paul, Bachelors (Sociology, Rwanda, Masters (Developmentmanagement, Universita cattolica sacre Cuore Milan, Italy)Tutorial AssistantUWIHANGANYE Console, Bachelors (Social work, NUR, Rwanda)MURWANASHYAKA Emmanuel, Bachelors (Sociology, NUR, Rwanda)2) Department of Political Sciences and Public AdministrationHead & LecturerElias SENTAMBARA, Ph.D. (Political and administrations politics, Universite de pau et desPays de l'Adour)Associate-Professor* GISARO-CA-MADEBERI-YA-BITITI John, Certificate (Development organisationnel), Bachelor (Economics, Rwanda), Masters (Development, environment et société, Belgium), Ph.D. (Doing, Rural Development, Gembloux University, Belgium)M.BUGWABARI Nicodeme, Bachelors (History, Burundi), Masters (Political Sociology, Paris I-Pantheon Sorbonne), Ph.D. (Histoire, Paris I-Pantheon Sorbonne, France)LecturerBIZURU Omar Khalfan, Bachelors (Languages and foreign Literatures, Egypt), Masters (Political Studies, Institute of Arab Research & Studies Cairo, Egypt)

SHYAKA MUGABE MUKIZA Agée, Bachelors (Communication, Rwanda), Masters (Conflict Resolution & Peace studies, South Africa), Ph.D. (Sciences politiques et sociales, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium)MUTONI Suzan, Bachelors (Public administration, Rwanda), Masters (DevelopmentEvaluation and Management, University of Antwerp, Uganda)SENTAMA Ezechiel, Bachelors (Public Administration, Rwanda), Masters (Administration, University of the Western cape, South Africa)MURINDAHABI Charline, Bachelors (Public Administration, Rwanda), Masters (Public Administration, University of Western Cape, South Africa)Assistant Lecturer*UMULISA Claudine, Bachelors (Political Sciences, Rwanda), Masters (Doing, Conflict, Reconstruction and Human security, Institute of Social Studies, Netherlands)NTARINDWA Antony, Bachelors (Economics, Uganda), Masters (International security and Civil Military relations, Naval Postgraduate School, USA)NDUSHABANDI NSANZUBUHORO Eric, Bachelors (Sciences Politiques, Rwanda), Masters (Sciences politique et sociales, relation international, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium), Diplome de PhilosophieMURAGIZI RUBYUTSA Jules, Bachelors (Public Administration, Rwanda), Masters(Business management, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa)Tutorial Assistant*MUGUME Jean Pierre, Bachelors (Public Administration, Rwanda), Masters (Doing, International Development, Clarke University, USA)NDIKUBWIMANA Jean Baptiste, Bachelors (Public Administration, NUR, Rwanda)RWAKA Maxime, Bachelors (Political Sciences, NUR, Rwanda)GASASIRA GASANA John, Bachelors (Public Administration, NUR, Rwanda)IRAMBESHA Albert, Bachelors (Public Administration, NUR, Rwanda)MUSHIMIYIMANA Emmanuel, Bachelors (Political Sciences, NUR, Rwanda)3) Modern Languages & PublishingHead of Department Modern Languages & PublishingRWAMASIRABO Georges, Masters (English)Professor**BYANAFASHE Deogratias, Ph.D. (History)JYONI WA KAREGA Joseph, Diplome de Docteur en Histoire (Universite de Poitiers, France), Licence en Enseignement Histoire (Universite Nationale du Zaire, Zaire (RDC))Associate Professor:NTAKIRUTIMANA Evariste, Ph.D. (Liguistiques Universite Laval, Canada), Licencie en Lettres Langues et Litteratures Africaines (National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)NKEZABAZI Jean Chrysostome, Ph.D. (Docteur en Philosophie et Lettres Linguistique appliqué, Universite de Liege, Belgium), B.A. (African Languages and Litteratures, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)Senior LecturerMUGARURA GAHUTU Aimable, Ph.D. (French, University of Western Ontario, Canada), Bachelors (French with Majors in Literature and Linguistics, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)**NYIRAHABIMANA Jeanne, Ph.D. (French, University of Western Ontario, Canada), M.A (French), B.A. (French, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)* MURENZI Janvier, Ph.D. (Doing, Peace and Development, Gothenburg University,Sweden), Diplome d'etudes approfondies Methodologies et techniques nouvelles ensciences humaines et socials (Universite de Besancon, France), Diplome de licenceSciences de l'Education (Universite de Burundi, Burundi)NDAKIZE NKUNDIMANA Joseph, Diplome d'etudes approfondies en Philosophie et Lettre Philosophie (Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium), Licencie en Philosophie (Philosophie, Universite de Lubumbashi, Zaire (RDC))RUTIKANGA Bernard, M.A. (History, University of Dar Es Salam, Tanzania), B.A.(Education, University of Dar Es Salam, Tanzania)NZEYIMANA Isaie, M.A. (Philosophy, Universite de Yaounde, Cameroun)Lecturer:KALIMBA NDAHIRIWE Pierre Celestin, Licencie en Pedagogie Appliquee (Histoire Universite Nationale du Zaire, Zaire (RDC))KABANO Alphonse, Licensee en Letters Langues et Literatures Africaines (NationalUniversity of Rwanda, Rwanda)

*NTAWIGIRA Patrice, Ph.D. (Doing, Liguistique africaine-Kiswahili, University of Dar Es Salam, Tanzania), M.A. (University of Dar Es Salam, Tanzania), B.A. (African Languages and Literature, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)*KAGWESAGE Anne Marie, Ph.D. (Doing, English Language Education LinkopingUniversity, Sweden), Master Philosophiae (University of the Western Cape, South-Africa), Bachelors (English, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)**MUHIRWE Charles, Ph.D. (Education, University of Linkoping, Sweden), Masters(Education in Teacher Training for English Language Teaching, University of Exeter,England), B.A. (Education, Kenyatta University, Kenya)MBONANKIRA Grégoire, Masters (Linguistics, University of Nairobi, Kenya), Bachelors (English, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)*MFURANKUNDA Pravda, Ph.D. (Doing, University of the Western Cape, South Africa), Masters (Education, University of the Western Cape, South Africa), Bachelors (English, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)*MUTWARASIBO Faustin, Ph.D. (Doing, English Language Education, University of Linkoping, Sweden), M.A. (English Language Education, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa), Bachelors (English, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)NGARAMBE Telesphore, M.A. (Translation, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa), B.A. (English, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)NTAGANDA MUKURU Francois-Xavier, M.A. (English Language and Literature, New York University, USA), B.A. (English Language and Literature, National University of Zaire, Zaire)* RUSANGANWA Appolnary Joseph, Ph.D. (Doing, Education, University of Linkoping, Sweden), M.A. (Linguistics, University of London (SOAS), England), B.A. (Education, University of Dar Es Salam, Tanzania)*RUTERANA Pierre Canisius, Ph.D. (Doing, English Language Education, University of Linkoping, Sweden), M.A. (Translation, University of Warwick, England), B.A. (English, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)Abubakar KATAREGGA, B.A. (Makerere University), Masters (Education, Makerere University), Ph.D. (Science du langage - Linguistique, Universite de Rouen, France), Diplome d'etudes Approfondies (Universite Grenoble)Sylvestre NKURIKIYE, Bachelors (English and French, Universite de Burundi), Masters (English Linguistics and T.E.F.L, Ball State University), Ph.D. (Philosophy – Applied Linguistics, Ball State University)*KWIZERA Jean Paul, Ph.D. (Doing, General and Comparative Literature, Universite Paul-Verlaine-Metz, France), Masters (Litterature et Spiritualite: Ethique et Esthetique de l'Ecriture, Universite de Metz, France), B.A. (French, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)*NDWANIYE Augustin, Ph.D. (Doing, French, University of Western Ontario, Canada), M.A. (French, University of Western Ontario, Canada)**NYEMAZI Pascal, DEA (Poetry)**RURANGIRWA Straton, Masters (Sciences du Langage et Traductologie, Universite Paris, France), DEA (Linguistics, SW, Université de Paris, France)*KABWETE MulindaCharles, Ph.D. (Doing, History, University of Western Cape, SouthAfrica) Masters (University of the Western Cape, South-Africa), B.A. (History, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)Assistant Lecturer:**LISHIRABAKE Jabo, Masters (African Linguistics)NYIRATUNGA Ritha, M.A. (Applied English Language Studies, University ofWitwatersrand, South-Africa), B.A. (English, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)4) Department of Journalism and Communication:Head & Lecturer:NDUHURA Dominique, M.A (Cultural and Media Studies, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South-Africa), Licence en Communication (Communication, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)Lecturer:**Margaret JJUUKO LWANGA, Ph.D. (Media and Communications Studies, Rhodes University, South Africa), Masters (Arts in Journalism and Media Studies, Rhodes South Africa), Bachelors (Mass Communication, Makerere University, Uganda)KAYUMBA Christopher, M.A. (Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Ulster, U.K), B.A in Mass Communication (National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)MBARAGA M. Paul, M.A. (Histoire du Xxe Siecle, Universite des Sciences, Juridiques Politiques et Sociales-Strasbourg, France), Ph.D. (Journalism)

*MUSEMINARI Antoine, Ph.D. (Doing, Communication and Health, UniversiteLaval,Canada), M.A (Journalisme international, Universite d'Etat de eningrad Union des Republiques Socialistes Sovietiques)*NKAKA Raphael, Ph.D. (Doing, African History, Universite Paris, France), M.A. (Histoire de l'Afrique, Universite de Paris, France), Licencie en Lettres Histoire (National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)Assistant Lecturer:NJUGUNA Joseph, Masters (French – English)RUSHINGABIGWI Jean Bosco, Bachelors (Journalism Radio, NUR, Rwanda)MUSABYIMANA Tharcisse, Bachelors (Environmental Journalism)V. FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENTDean and ProfessorDr. RAMA Rao, Bachelors (Accounting, Andhra University), Masters (Management,Andhra University), Ph.D. (Philosophy, Andhra University, India)Vice-Dean for Administration and Finance & LecturerRURANGA Charles, Bachelors (Economics, Rwanda), Masters (Economie, Université de Montréal, Canada)Vice-Dean for Research, Consultancy and Post Graduate Studies & LecturerBYUSA Vincent, Bachelor (Economics, Rwanda), Masters (Economics, University ofStellenbosch, South Africa)Vice-Dean for Under Graduate Studies and Quality & LecturerBARAYANDEMA Jonas, Bachelors (Administration des entreprises, UCL), Masters(Sciences de Gestion, UCL), Ph.D. (Sciences en gestion, UCL, Beligique)1) Department of EconomicsHead & Senior LecturerMUGENZI Martin, Masters (Economics and Management of National Economy, Russia), Ph.D. (Economics, Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Russia)Associate ProfessorMUSAHARA Herman, Bachelors (Education, Tanzania), Masters (Industrial Economics, Tanzania), Ph.D. (University of the Western Cape, South Africa)Lecturer*MUTEMBEREZI Fidèle, Bachelor (Economics, Russia), Masters (Economics, Russia), Ph.D. (Doing, Economics, Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Russia)HAFASHIMANA Emmanuel, Bachelors (Economics, Rwanda), Masters (Development, Environment and Society, Belgium), Ph.D. (Economics, Université Catholique de Mons, Belgium)Assistant Lecturer*NKURUNZIZA Joseph, Bachelors (Economics, Rwanda), Masters (Economie etassurance, Belgium), Ph.D. (Doing, Demography and Economics, Utrecht University,Netherlands)MUSAFIRI Ildephonse, Bachelors (Economics, Rwanda), Masters (Applied economics, NUR, Rwanda)JURU Marie Eglantine, Bachelors (International Economics, NUR, Rwanda)HABIMANA Kizito, Bachelors (Economics and Management, Rwanda), Masters (Applied Economics, NUR, Rwanda)MUKAMANA Liberata, Bachelors (Economics, NUR, Rwanda)NDAGIJIMANA Joseph, Bachelors (Economics, Rwanda), Masters (Applied Economics, NUR, Rwanda)NTAMAZEZE Janvière, Bachelors (Economics, Rwanda), Masters (Applied Economics, NUR, Rwanda)NYAMURINDA BIRASA, Bachelors (Economics, Rwanda), Masters (Applied Economics, NUR, Rwanda)*RUKUNDO B. Johnson, Bachelors (Economics, Rwanda), M.A. (Economic PolicyManagement, Makerere University, Uganda), Ph.D.(Doing)* UWERA Claudine, Bachelors (Economics, Rwanda), Masters (Economics inDevelopment Management and Human Sciences, Belgium), Ph.D. (Doing, Environment Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden)* SAYINZOGA Aussi, Bachelors (Economics, Rwanda), M.A. (Economics, South Africa), Ph.D. (Doing, Agriculture Economics, Wageningen University, Netherlands)MUKANDORI Dorice, Bachelors, Masters (Applied economics, NUR, Rwanda)Tutorial Assistant

*KABANDA Richard, Bachelors (Money and Banking, Rwanda), Masters (Doing, Applied Economics, NUR, Rwanda)MUTSINZI Cyrille, Bachelors (Economics, ULK, Rwanda)*NDAHIRO Richard, Bachelor (Economics, Rwanda), Masters (Doing, Applied Economics, NUR, Rwanda)2) Department of ManagementHead & Senior LecturerRUTEBEKA BUSORO Theodore, B.A. (Economie d'entreprise, Congo Brazzaville), Masters (Administration des Entreprises, France), Ph.D. (Science de gestion, Universite Montesquies-Bordeaux, France)Associate ProfessorM.S Ali Baig, Bachelors (Commerce, Andhra University), Masters (Cost Accounting and Taxation, Andhra University), Ph.D. (Accounting, Andhra University, India)KOTNANA Rama Rao, Bachelors (Accounting, Andhra University), Masters (Banking, Andhra University), Ph.D. (Commerce and Management, Andhra University, India)Senior LecturerMUGUNGA Emmanuel, Certificat (Pédagogie Universitaire), Bachelors (Scienceseconomiques et administratives, Burundi), Masters (Management, France), Ph.D.(Administration des entreprises, Université de Bordeaux, France)LecturerBYUKUSENGE Eugenie, Certificate (Training in Descriptive Statistics and Probability), Bachelors (Management, Rwanda), Masters (Commerce, University of Kwazulu -Natal, South Africa)MUSEKURA Celestin, Bachelors (Management, Rwanda), Masters (Project Leadership and Management, South Africa), Ph.D. (Doing, Project Leadership and Management, Kwazulu- Natal University, South Africa)S.M.Pavalam, B.Sc. (Physics, mathematics and Electronics, Madurai Kamraj University, India), MCA (Computer Applications, Mother Theresa University, India)Jane Wambui Muiruri, Bachelors (Arts, University of Nairobi), Masters (BusinessAdministration, University of Nairobi, Kenya) Stephen K.KIMUYA, Bachelors (Commerce, Accounting, University of Nairobi, Kenya), Masters (Internal Auditing and Management, The City University, London, England)Srinivas KANCHI, Bachelors (Cost Accountancy and Management Accountancy, Andhra University), Masters (Accounting, Andhra University, India), Masters (Business Administration, Andhra University, India)Assistant LecturerMark Maweu SUVA, Bachelors (Arts, Kenyatta University), Masters (BusinessAdministration, Swiss Management Academy, Swiss)LAKSHMI B.Punitha, Bachelors (Mathematics, the Gandhigram Rural Institute),Masters (Computer Applications, BHARATHIDASAN, India)S. Arun Balaji, Bachelors (Information Technology, BHARATHIAR, India), Masters(Information technology, SRM University, India)*MBABAZI Penelope, Bachelors (Management, Rwanda), Masters (Accounting andFinance, Uganda) Ph.D. (Doing, Education of management, University of Linkoping,Sweden)KAGARAMA Jean Baptiste, Bachelors (Computer Science and Information Technology, Rwanda), Masters (ICT)MANIRAGUHA Michael, Bachelors (Business Administration, Rwanda), Masters (Business Administration, Kampala international university, Uganda)NIYONGABO Gerard, Masters (Gestion des ressources humaines, Fondation universitaire Mercure, Belgium)RUGEMA François Xavier, Bachelors (Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,Rwanda), Masters (Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Rwanda)SENTWARI Marc, Bachelors (Computer Science, Rwanda), Masters (SoftwareEngineering, NUR, Rwanda)Tutorial Assistant*MANZI Olivier, Bachelors (Business Administration, Rwanda), Masters (Doing,International Management, Louvain school of management, Belgium)BYUNGURA Jean Claude, Bachelors (Management, NUR, Rwanda)BYARUHANGA Ismael, Bachelors (Management, NUR, Rwanda)*KAMUGISHA Samuel, Masters (Doing), Bachelors (Management, NUR, Rwanda)

MUBERARUGO Jeannette, Bachelors (Business Administration, NUR, Rwanda)MUGABE NZARAMBA Gabriel, Bachelors (Management, NUR, Rwanda)MUKASEKURU Alice, Bachelors (Management, UNR, Rwanda)MUPARASI MUGABE Pascal, Bachelors (Management, NUR, Rwanda)*MUTARINDWA Samuel, Certificat (Monitorat en statistique descriptive), Bachelors (Management, NUR, Rwanda), Masters (Doing)NDAGIJIMANA Innocent, Bachelors (Management, NUR, Rwanda)NDIZEYE Idrissa, Bachelors (Management, NUR, Rwanda)NGABONZIZA Emmy, Bachelors (Management, NUR, Rwanda)NSABIMANA Emmanuel, Bachelors (Management, NUR, Rwanda)*SINDAMBIWE Pierre, Bachelors (Management, NUR, Rwanda), Masters (Doing)MUTESI Josephine, Bachelors (Business administration, NUR, Rwanda)MPIRANYA Jean Marie Vianney, Bachelors (Management, NUR, Rwanda)3) Department of Applied StatisticsHead & Associate ProfessorJOSE AM, Bachelors (Arts, University of Calicut), Masters (Arts-Economics, University of Calicut), Ph.D. (Philosophy, Arts-Economic, Bangalore University, India)Lecturer*BIZIMANA Claude, Masters (Agriculture, South Africa), Ph.D. (Doing, AgricultureEconomics, Tilburg)*RUTAYISIRE Pierre claver, M.Sc. (Démographie, Belgium), Ph.D. (Demography,University of Utrecht, Netherlands)Assistant Lecturer*HABIMANA KABANO Ignace, Bachelors (Social work, Rwanda), Masters (Demography, Netherland), Ph.D. (Doing, Demography, Utrecht University, Netherlands)NIYOMAHORO Celine, Bachelors (Social work, Rwanda), Masters (Demography and population studies, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa)NIRAGIRE François, Certificate (Monitor of mathematics), Bachelors (Mathematics,Rwanda), M.Sc. (Mathematics, University of Nairobi, Kenya)KAYIGAMBA Callixte, Bachelors (Administration and planning of education, Rwanda), Masters (Doing, University of Kenya)Tutorial AssistantBANAMWANA Léonidas, Bachelors (Applied Statistics, NUR, Rwanda)*NGARAMBE Aloysius, Bachelors (Management, NUR, Rwanda), Masters (Doing)HABIMANA, Olivier, Bachelors (Applied Statistics, NUR, Rwanda)VI. FACULTY OF LAWDean and LecturerUGIRASHEBUJA Emmanuel, LLB (Law, Rwanda), LLM (International environmental Law and International Economic Law, University of Edinburgh), Ph.D. (Reviewing the Nile legal Regime in the Light of Contemporary International Watercourse Law, University of Edinburgh)Vice-Dean and LecturerDUSHIMIMANA Lambert, LLB (Law, Rwanda), LLM (International Law, University of Pretoria, South-Africa)1) Department of Private LawLecturerKAROMBA Félicité, LLB (Law, Rwanda), LLM (University of Ottawa, Canada)GATETE Louis, LLB (Law, Rwanda), LLM (University of Ottawa, Canada)*ZIGIRINSHUTI Felix, LLB (Law, Rwanda), LLM (Private Law, USA), Ph.D. (Doing, Law,Economics and Governance, Utrecht University, Netherlands)KALINDA François-Xavier, LLB (Law, Rwanda), LLM (University of Ottawa, Canada)Assistant lecturerUWIZEYE Judith, LLB (Law, Rwanda), LLM (International Economic and Business Law, University of Groningen, Dutch)UWINEZA Odette, LLB (Law, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)UMUTONI GATSINZI Nadine, LLB (Law, Rwanda), LLM (Comparative Public Law and Good Governance, Utrecht University, Netherlands)TURAMWISHIMIYE Marie Rose, LLB (Law, Rwanda), LLM (Environmental Law, University of Cape Town, South-Africa)MBEMBE BINDA Elvis, LLB (Law, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda), Masters (Business Law)

Tutorial assistantSEZIRAHIGA Yves, LLB (Law, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)RUKUNDO Gédéon, LLB (Law, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)2) Department of Public LawLecturerKabundi Twiine Apophia, LLB (Law, Rwanda), LLM (University of Ottawa, Canada)KAITESI Usta, LLB (Law, Rwanda), LLM (University of Ottawa, Canada)EKPOMBANG Alexander, Ph.D. (Philosophy Law & Diplomacy, University of Jos)HAVUGIYAREMYE Aimable, LLB (Law, Rwanda), LLM (International Law, University of Pretoria, South-Africa)Assistant LecturerUMUHOZA Naomi, Certificate of EPLM (French, Rwanda), LLB (Law, Rwanda), LLM (International Law of Human Rights and Criminal Justice, Utrecht University,Netherlands)Tutorial assistant*MUSONERA Innocent, LLB (Law, Rwanda), LLM (Doing, International Law and Criminal Justice, Utrecht University, Netherlands)*MAZIMPAKA Jean Paul, LLB (Law, Rwanda), LLM (Doing, International and European Law, Utrecht University, Netherlands)SHENGE Laurent, LLB (Law, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)SEBUCENSHA Léonard, LLB (Law, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)KAYIBANDA Richard, LLB (Law, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)KIRENZA Frank, LLB (Law, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)VII. FACULTY OF MEDICINEDean and Senior LecturerGASHEGU KAGABO Julien, Ph.D. (sciences biomédicales Université libre de Bruxelles,Belgium), M.Sc. (sciences de la santé, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium), Bachelors(medicine, Université de Kinshasa, Congo)Vice Dean – Undergraduate Studies & Assistant LecturerMUHIZI Charles, Bachelors (Medicine, Mali), M.Sc. (Ophthalmology, UniversitéHebraique Jérusalem, Israel)Vice Dean – Research, Consultancy & Postgraduate Studies & Associate ProfessorPatrick KYMANYWA, M.Sc. (Medicine, Makerere University, Uganda), B.Sc. (Medicineand Surgery, Makerere University, Uganda)1) Department of Internal Medicine:HeadJoshua MUKIIBI, Bachelors (Medicine and Surgery, Makerere University Collegue),Masters (Medicine, Makerere University), Ph.D. (Collegium)Assistant Professor:**BARONGO Longin, Masters (Medicine,Dar es Salaam ), Masters (Science inEpidemiology, London), Ph.D. (Medicine, Dar es salaam, Tanzania)Senior Lecturer:**GASAKURE Emmanuel, Bachelors (Medicine, Burundi), Masters (Pathology, France),Ph.D. (Echo-cardiography, Université de Nancy, France)MUNYARUGAMBA Protais, Bachelors (Medicine, chirugie et accouchements, CongoKinshasa), Masters (Oto-Rhino-Laringologie, Université de Kinshasa, Congo Kinshasa)MUSEMAKWEERI André, Bachelors (Medicine, Senegal), Masters (Bacterio-virologie,Senegal), M.Sc. (Maladies infectieuses et tropicales,Senegal), M.Sc. (Institut deLeprologie appliqué, Senegal)LecturerNGABONZIZA François, Certificate (les Therapeutiques anti-retrovirales), Bachelors(Medicine, Rwanda), Masters (Internal medicine: Gastro-enterologie, Université deLiège, Belgium)MANZI MULISA Olivier, Bachelors (Medicine, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Maladies infectieuses,Université Cheikhanta Diop de Dakar, Senegal)**BAVUMA Charlotte, Bachelors (Medicine, NUR, Rwanda), Masters (Endocrinology)**KAGAME Albert, Bachelors (Medicine, Senegal), M.Sc. (Cardiology),**MUSAFIRI Sanctus, Certificate (Butare medical pedagogy seminar), Certificate(formation en metHead of Departmentologie de la recherche scientifique), Bachelors(Medicine, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Medicine interne, Rwanda), Ph.D. (Pneumologie, Universite

libre de Belgium, Belgium)RUDASINGWA GATEGE Joseph, Bachelors (Medicine: chirurgie et accouchements, CongoKinshasa), M.Sc. (Medicine interne, Université Nationale du Zaïre, Congo Kinshasa)**EXUM Stephanie, Bachelors, MastersKakoma Sakatolo Zambeze Jean BAPTISTE, Masters (Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics,Kinshasa), Masters (Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kisangani), Ph.D. (Public Health, CatholicUniversity of Louvain, Belgium)Assistant LecturerSEMINEGA Benoit, Bachelors (Medicine, NUR, Rwanda)**TWAGIRAMUKIZA Marc, Certificate (Analyse multivariée appliqueé à l'Epidémiologie)Bachelors (Medicine, Rwanda), M.Sc. (MetHead of Departmentes et pratiques enEpidémiologie, Université Victor Segalen, France)**NKURIKIYIMFURA Jean Luc, Bachelors**LEGESSE Zerium, Bachelors2) Department of AnatomySenior LecturerGASHEGU KAGABO Julien, Bachelors (Medicine, Congo), M.Sc. (Sciences de la santé,Belgium), Ph.D. (Sciences Biomédicales, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium)Assistant Lecturer**NYUNDO Martin, Bachelors (Medicine, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Surgery, NUR, Rwanda)BYIRINGIRO Jean Bosco, Bachelors (MEDICINE, NUR, Rwanda)3) Department of AnesthesiaHead and Senior LecturerUWAMBAZIMANA Jeanne d'Arc, Bachelors (Medicine, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Anesthesiology,Université de Liège, Rwanda)Lecturer**NDORI MINEGA, Jules, Bachelors (Medicine, NUR, Rwanda), MD.M.MED (Anesthesia)Assistant Lecturer**TWAGIRAMUGABE Théogène, Bachelors (Medicine, NUR, Rwanda), MD.M.MED(Anesthesia)4) Department of Clinical biologyHead and Lecturer**Louis NGENDAHAYO, Bachelors (ANATOMIE ET CYTOLOGIE PATHOLOGIQUE, Univeritede l'Ile de France), Masters (Sciences Biologiques et Medicales, Universite deparis,France), Ph.D.Senior Lecturer:**GAHUTU Jean Bosco, Bachelors (Medicine, Rwanda), Ph.D.LecturerRUKERIBUGA Nicodème, Bachelors (Medicine Générale, Russia), M.Sc. (Dermatologie etVénérologie, Université de l'amitié des Peuples Patrice Lumumba, Russia)MUNYANGANIZI URUJENI Rosine, Certificate (Formation specialisée en Hématologiebiologique), Bachelors (Medicine, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Clinical biology, Université libre deBruxelles, Belgium)*BAYINGANA Claude, Bachelors (Biology, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Medical microbiology, SouthAfrica), Ph.D. (Doing, Medical microbiology, University of Western cape, South Africa)Assistant LecturerUWINEZA Annette, Bachelors (Medicine, NUR, Rwanda),*MUKAGATARE Isabelle, Bachelors (Medicine, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Clinical biology, France,Ph.D. (Doing, Clinical biology, Nancy University, France)MUTESA Léon, Bachelors (Medicine, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Sciences medicales, Université deLiège, Belgium)*MUVUNYI MAMBO Claude, Bachelors (Medicine, Rwanda), Ph.D. (Doing, Microbiology,Gent University, Belgium)RUGWIZANGONGA Nelson, Bachelors (Medicine, NUR, Rwanda)**MASAISA Florence, Bachelors (Medicine, Rwanda), Ph.D. (Hematology, GentUniversity, Belgium)*AGABA Elisah, Bachelors (Medicine, Rwanda), Masters (Doing, Dermatology, Universityof Witwatersrand, South Africa)NIYODUSENGA Alphonse, Bachelors (Medicine, NUR, Rwanda)KAYITANKORE MUKASEKURU Jenet, Bachelors (Dental science, University of Limpopo,

South Africa)5) Department of Ear, Nose and ThroatLecturerBATAMURIZA MUKARA Kayitesi, Bachelors (Medicine, Rwanda), Masters (Ear, Nose andThroat, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nairobi, Kenya)Assistant LecturerNSHOGOZA Isaïe, Bachelors (Medicine, NUR, Rwanda)NYAKAYIRO Alexis, Bachelors (Medicine, Burundi), M.Sc. (Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie,Université d'Abidjan, Code d'Ivoire)6) Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySenior LecturerNKERAMIHIGO Emmanuel, Certificat (pneumologie), Bachelors (médicine, CongoBrazzaville), M.Sc. (Médicine interne, NUR, Rwanda)LecturerKANIMBA NDAHIRO Athanase, Bachelors (medicine, Benin), M.Sc. (obstetricsgynecology, NUR, Rwanda)RULISA Steven, Bachelors (medicine, Rwanda), M.Sc. (gynéco-Obstétrique, NUR,Rwanda)**BETTINA, SCHULZE, Bachelors, M.Sc.Assistant Lecturer*BAGAMBE Patrick, Bachelors (Medicine, Rwanda), Ph.D. (Doing, Gynecology, UppsalaUniversity, Sweden)MULINDWA Patrick, Bachelors (Medicine, NUR, Rwanda)NSANZABERA Jean damascène, Bachelors (Médicine, NUR, Rwanda)7) Department of OphthalmologyLecturerSEMANYENZI Saïba Eugène, Bachelors (Medicine, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Ophthalmology,university of Nairobi, Kenya)Assistant LecturerMUHIZI Charles, Bachelors (Medicine, Mali), M.Sc. (ophthalmology, UniversitéHebraique Jérusalem, Israel)8) Department of PediatricsHead and Associate ProfessorMUGANGA Narcisse, Bachelors (chirurgie et accouchement, Congo Kinshasa), M.Sc.(Pediatrics, Université du Zaire, Congo Kinshasa)Senior LecturerUWURUKUNDO Jeanne Marie Claude, Attestation de la resolution de problems ensante maternelle et infantile -paris 1996, Attestation sur lante de la mere et de l'enfant -paris 1997, LeBachelor (Medicine, NUR), Masters (Pediatrie, NUR, Rwanda)AY NENILING CWINYA, Attestation sur les techniques de rehydratation orale, Bachelors(Medicine,Chirurgie et Accouchements, Kisangani), Ph.D. (Pediatrie et Recherches,Kisangani, RD Congo)Assistant Lecturer*MUSAFIRI Aimable, Bachelors (Medicine, Rwanda), Ph.D. (Doing, Maternal and childhealth, Uppsala University, Sweden)MUTWA RWATANA, Bachelors (Medicine, NUR, Rwanda)*KABAYIZA Jean Claude, Bachelors (Medicine, Rwanda), Ph.D. (Doing from Nov 2008 toFebruary 2009 University of Goteborg, Sweden)NUWAGABA Charles, Bachelors (Medicine, NUR, Rwanda)9) Department of NursingAssistant LecturerMUKAKABANO GASATURA Florence, M.Sc. (Nursing, Queen Margaret University College,England)10) Department of Laboratory medicineAssistant LecturerLUNDIMO TUGIRIMANA Pierrot, Bachelors (medicine, Université de Kinshasa, CongoKinshasa)11) Department of PharmacyHeadKadima, NTOKAMUNDA, Bachelors (Pharmarcy, Universite de Kinshasa), Masters

(Nuclear Science and Radioprotection, Universite Catholique de Louvain), Ph.D.(Pharmaceutical Science, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium)Senior LecturerKARANGWA Charles, Bachelors (Pharmacie, Rwanda), M.Sc. (sciences pharmaceutiques,Belgium), Ph.D. (Sciences pharmaceutiques, Université de Liège, Belgium)KAYUMBA Pierre Claver, Bachelors (Pharmacy, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Pharmaceuticalsciences, Belgium), Ph.D. (Pharmaceutical sciences, Gent University, Belgium)LecturerBIENVENU Emile, Participation (Scientific research Head of Departmentology)Bachelors (Clinical Pharmacy, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Pharmaceutics, University of Western Cape, South Africa)*KAYITARE Egide, Bachelors (Pharmacy, Rwanda), M.Sc. (pharmacy, South Africa), Ph.D. (Doing, Pharmacy, Gent University, Belgium)*MUGANGA Raymond, Certificate (good clinical practice, Stellenbosch university),certificate of participation (health management), Bachelors (Pharmacy, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Pharmacy, South Africa), Ph.D. (Pursuing from 7th Nov 08 to 30th July 2009, University of Liege, Belgium)Assistant Lecturer*MUKANYANGEZI M. Françoise, Bachelors (pharmacy, Rwanda), Masters (Public health, NUR, Rwanda)FURAHA K. Viviane, Bachelors (Pharmacy, NUR, Rwanda)MUZOLA Vieira, Bachelors (Pharmacy, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Drug design and biomedical sciences, Napier University Edinburg)Tutorial AssistantHAHIRWA Innocent, Bachelors (Pharmacy, NUR, Rwanda)**KAGISHA Vedaste, Bachelors (chemistry, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Water Resources andenvironmental management, NUR, Rwanda)12) Department of RadiologyAssistant LecturerDUSABEYEZU Fidens, Bachelors (Medicine, NUR, Rwanda)**KALISA UMUTESI Louise, Bachelors (medicine, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Radiology and medical imaging)13) Department of SurgeryProfessorIgnatus KAKANDE, Bachelor (Medicine and surgery, University of East Africa), Masters (Medicine, Makerere University, Uganda)Assistant ProfessorPatrick KYMANYWA, Bachelors (Medicine and Surgery, Makerere University), Masters (Medicine, Makerere University, Uganda), Masters (Public Health, University of Leeds)Senior Lecturer**SSENTONGO Robert Bachelors (medicine, Uganda), M.Sc. (Surgery, MakerereUniversity, Uganda)LecturerMUGENZI Dominique sevio, M.Sc. (Surgery, NUR, Rwanda)NTAKIYIRUTA George, Certificate (fellow of the college of surgeons of east central and southern Africa in general surgery), Bachelors (medicine, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Surgery, Makerere University, Uganda)Assistant LecturerBONANE, Alex Bachelors (medicine, NUR, Rwanda)GASHAYIJA Jean Paul, Bachelors (Medicine, NUR, Rwanda)14. Dept. of Clinical PsychologyHead of the Department & Lecturer**SEZIBERA Vincent, Ph.D. (Emotion,Cognition et Sante(ECSA),Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium), Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies(DEA) (Psychologie Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium,) Licencie en Sciences de l'Education (Psychologie Scolaire, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)Senior LecturerDUSINGIZEMUNGU M. Jean-Pierre, Ph.D. (Psychopathologie Universite de Toulouse-Le Mirail, France), Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies(DEA) (Psychopathologie Universite Toulouse II, France) Licencie en Sciences de l'education (Psychologie Scolaire National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)SEBUHORO Celestin, Ph.D. Sciences psychologiques (Universite Libre de Bruxelles

Belgium), Licencie en Sciences de l'Education (Psychologie scolaire, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)Lecturer**MUKASHEMA Immaculee, Ph.D. (Systemes Integres,environnement et biodiversite Universite de Toulouse II,France) Masters (Public Health, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda), Licencie en Sciences de l'Education (Sciences de l'Education, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)MUTABARUKA Jean, Ph.D. (Comportment, Languages, Education, Socialization,Cognition (CLESCO) Universite de Toulouse II-Le Mirail, France) Diplome d'EtudesApprofondies (DEA), (Psychopathologie, Universite Toulouse II, Le Mirail, France),Licencie en Sciences de l'Education (Psychologie Scolaire, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)NTETE Jeanne Marie, Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies (DEA) (PsychopathologieUniversite de Paris 8 France), Licencie en Sciences de l'Education (Psychologie Scolaire, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)RUTABANA Emmanuel, Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies (DEA) (Sciences Psychologiques et de l'Education Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium), Licencie en Sciences de l'Education (Psychologie Scolaire, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)TWAGIRIMANA Innocent, Licence (Langues et Littératures Africaine, NUR, Rwanda), Diplôme d'etudes approfondies(DEA) (Sciences de l'education, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal), Ph.D. (en cours, Sciences de l'education, Université de Mons-Hainaut, Belgium), Transferé en KIE*UWERA Claudine, Licence (Psychologie scolaire, NUR, Rwanda), Diplôme d'etudes spécialisées (cliniques psychothérapeutiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium), Ph.D. (Doing, Environmental Sciences, University of Goteborg, Sweden)Assistant LecturerMUKAGACONDO Marie Grace, Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies (DEA) (Psychologie Clinique, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium), Licencie en Sciences l'Education (Psychologie Scolaire, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)Tutorial AssistantBANDEREMBAHO Felix, Bachelors (Clinical Psychology, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)MUHAYISA Assoumpta, Bachelors (Clinical Psychology, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda)Faculty of Medicine**iMASSRESHA ABUHAY, Rita, Bachelors Associate ProfessorGregoire, MUHIRWA, Ph.D. (Medicine, Chirurgie et Accouchements, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium) ProfessorUWIMANA Jeannine, Bachelors (Physiotherapy, University of Western Cape), Masters (Public Health-Systems Research and Management, University of Western Cape, South Africa), Masters (Physiotherapy, University of Western Cape, South Africa) Assistant LecturerUWIMANA Etienne, Bachelors (Medicine generale, NUR), Masters (Radio diagnostic, ULB, Belgium) Assistant LecturerDesire MIDONZI, Certificate (Anesthesia –Reanimation), Bachelors (Medicine, Dakar), Masters (Anesthesia e- Reanimation, Universite d'Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire) Senior LecturerJohn Wilson OWANGE IRAKA, Certificate of good standing, Bachelor (Medicine and Surgery, Makerere University), Masters (Medicine, Makerere University, Uganda) Senior LecturerAndre GAKWAVU, Certificate (Minilaparatomy), Certificate (Assiduite), Certificate(Gynecologie Obstetrique), Masters (Tropical Medicine, Leningrad), Ph.D. (Gynecology and Obstetrics, Dakar, Senegal) Senior LecturerVIII. FACULTY OF SCIENCESDean and Senior LecturerNDAHAYO Fidele, Certificate (Teacher in Physics of Higher and secondary school), B.Sc. (Physics and Mathematics, Russia), M.Sc. (Physics, Russia), Ph.D. (Physics andMathematics, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Russia)Vice Dean Undergraduate Studies and Senior Lecturer:MUHAYIMANA Protais, B.Sc. (Chemistry, Russia), M.Sc. (Chemistry, Russia), Ph.D. (Chimie organoelementaire, Universite d'Etat de Moscow, Russia)Vice Dean Research Consultancy and Postgraduate Studies and Senior LecturerNSENGIMANA Hermogene, B.Sc. (Chemistry, NUR, Rwanda), Ph.D. (Philosophy,University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa)1) Department of Applied MathematicsProfessor

Grace Vediana MASANJA, BC (Science, Tanzania), M.Sc. (Science, Tanzania), Ph.D. (Numerical Study of a REINER-RIVLIN Fluid in axi- symmetrical Circular pipe, Berlin-Charlotteburg, Germany)**Igor, NEYGEBAUERSenior LecturerIsidore MAHARA, B.Sc. (Universite catholique de Louvain), M.Sc. (Physics, Universite catholique de Louvain), Ph.D. (Analyse qualitative des solutions des equations pargmills-Dirac classiques, Universite catholique de Louvain, Belgium)LYAMBABAJE Alexandre, Certificat d’Humanites, Diplome d'etudes superieuresSpecialisees Mathematiques Appliqués (Universite de Rennes I), B.Sc.(Math-Physique-Ingenieur, UNR), M.Sc. (Mathematiques, Canada), Ph.D. (Mathematiques et Applications, Universite de Rennes I, France),MINANI Froduard, M.Sc. (Mathematics, Ukraine), Ph.D. (Mathematics, University of Pretoria, South Africa)Lecturer**GAHAMANYI Marcel, Certificate (Mathematics), B.Sc. (Mathematics, Russia), M.Sc.(Mathematics education, South Africa), Ph.D. (Mathematics Education, Linkoping University, Suede)MUDAHERENWA Gerard, B.Sc. (Sciences, Burundi), M.Sc. (Education, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa)**NTAGANDA Jean Marie, B.Sc. (Mathematics, NUR), M.Sc. (Applied Mathematics, Senegal), Ph.D. (Numerical Analysis, Ouagadougou University, Bourknafaso), DEA (Numerical Analysis Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar University 2004)RAIFU Sajayi, B.Sc. (Mathematics, Nigeria), M.Sc. (Mathematics, University of Ilorin, Nigeria)Assistant LecturerRUGENGAMANZI Ndengo, B.Sc. (Mathematics, the Catholic University of Eastern Africa, South Africa)MPINGANZIMA Lydie, B.Sc. (Applied Mathematics, NUR, Rwanda)NZABANITA Joseph, B.Sc. (Mathematics, NUR, Rwanda), certificat de monitorat (NUR)Tutorial AssistantNGARUYE Innocent, Certificate (Algebra), B.Sc. (Mathematics, NUR, Rwanda)NIYOBUHUNGIRO Japhet, B.Sc. (Applied Mathematics, NUR, Rwanda)NYAGAHAKWA Venuste, B.Sc. (Applied Mathematics, NUR, Rwanda)*UFITIMANA Jacqueline, B.Sc. (Applied Mathematics, NUR, Rwanda), M.Sc. (pursuing)2) Department of PhysicsHeadMAGEZA, Celestin, B.Sc. (Physics, Burundi), M.Sc. (Physics, UCL, Belgium),ProfessorOleg KONDAKOV, Ph.D. (Pedagogical Sciences, Moscow Pedagogical University, Russia),Ph.D. (Physical and Mathematical sciences, Leningrad State Pedagogical Institute,Russia) Assistant Professor:KAREMERE MAREMBO Claver, M.Sc. (Sciences physiques, Belgium), Ph.D.(Neutralization mutuelles des ions H a base energie, Universite de Louvain, Belgium)Senior Lecturer:Elena KONDAKOV, Ph.D. (Pedagogical sciences, Moscow Pedagogical University, Russia)BULIKUNZIRA Sylvestre, B.Sc. (Lumumba de Moscow, Russia), M.Sc. (Physique, URSS),Ph.D. (Philosophy in Physics and Mathematics, Russia Peoples Friendship University,Russia)SAFARI Bonfils, Director of Quality (Designate), B.Sc. (Physics, Belgium), Ph.D. (Physics, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium)RUZIBIZA Joseph, M.Sc. (Physics, Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Russia)LecturerMAZIMPAKA Ernest, B.Sc. (Physics, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Physics, University of Oldenburg, USA)NSHINGABIGWI KORAWINGA Emmanuel, B.Sc. (Physics, NUR, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa)HAKIZIMANA Anastase, B.Sc. (Physique, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Lasers Matiere etNanosciences, Bordeaux1, France)Tutorial AssistantGASORE, Jimmy, B.Sc. (Physique Fondamentale, NUR, Rwanda)UWAMAHORO Jean Claude, B.Sc. (Physics, NUR, Rwanda)UWUMUKIZA Aimable, B.Sc. (Physics, NUR, Rwanda)

Faculty of ScienceMUREBWAHIRE SENGABO, Work certificate (NUR), B.Sc. (Chemistry, RD Congo), Ph.D.3) Department of BiologyHead and Assistant ProfessorAnastasie GASOGO, B.Sc. (Sciences Biologiques,Burundi), M.Sc. (Zoology, Belgium), Ph.D. (Zoology, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium)Professor**BAJYANA SONGA Emmanuel, B.Sc. ( Biology, NUR), M.Sc. (Medicine Tropicale etProduction animale, Belgium), Ph.D. (Parasite Immunology/Molecular Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium), Doctorat en Medicine Veterinaire (Lubumbashi Congo)GASINGIRWA Marie Claire, B.Sc. (Science, Kenya), M.Sc. (Science, USA), Ph.D. (Sciences biomedicales et pharmaceutiques, NOTRE-DAME DE LA PAIX -NAMUR, Belgium),Senior LecturerUMUBYEYI NYARUHIRIRA Alaine, B.Sc. (Biologie cellulaire, RD Congo), Ph.D.(Microbilogie, ULB, Belgium), DEA (en Microbiologie, ULB, Belgium)**BIZURU, Elias, B.Sc. (Burundi), M.Sc. (Master in life Sciences, Belgium), Ph.D.(Sciences, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium)Lecturer:KABUYENGE Jean Pierre, Attestation de Service (Universite du Burundi), Certificatd'Humanites, B.Sc. (Sciences Biologiques,Burundi), M.Sc. (Biologie, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium)KARIBANA MARARA Celestin, B.Sc. (Sciences Botaniques, RD Congo), M.Sc. (Biology, Geneva, Swiss)LYUMUGABE Francois, Work certificate (NUR), B.Sc. (Biology, NUR, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Biotechnologies appliqués, Universite de Lome, Togo)NSABIMANA Donat, B.Sc. (Biology, NUR, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Science, South Africa), M.Sc. Microbiology (University of Nal, 2002), Certificate of starting his Ph.D at the Dept of Environment Science and Conservation, Goteborg University 2004**NSANZIMANA Jean Baptiste, Work certificate (NUR 2009), B.Sc. (Pharmacy, NUR, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Technologie de fermentation et Microbiologie, Polond), Ph.D. (Chemical Technology, The Technical University of Lodz, Poland)Assistant Lecturer**NYIRAMANA Aisha, B.Sc. (Biology, Burundi), D.E.A (Universite Catholique de Louvain 2004 Sciences)RIZINJIRABAKE Fabien, B.Sc. (Biology, NUR, Rwanda)**UWANTEGE Karoline, B.Sc. (Zoologie, Belgium), M.Sc. (Universite Notre Dame de la Paix à Namur)Tutorial AssistantMUJAWAMARIYA Myriam, B.Sc. (Biology, NUR, Rwanda)MUKAREMERA Liliane, B.Sc. (Biology, NUR, Rwanda)NYIRAMBANGUTSE Brigitte, B.Sc. (Biology, NUR, Rwanda)SEBURANGA Jean Leonard, B.Sc. (Botany, NUR, Rwanda)WILLIAMU Appolinaire, B.Sc. (Zoology, NUR, Rwanda)UWIZERIMANA Jean de Dieu, B.Sc. (Biology, NUR, Rwanda)UYISENGA Jeanne Primitive, B.Sc. (Biology, NUR, Rwanda)Faculty**KARENZI, Eugene, Sciences, Biology4) Head, Department of ChemistryMUHIZI Theoneste, M.Sc. (Science, America) Ph.D. (Chimie Organique, Universite de Bordeaux I, France)ProfessorNYIRIMBIB I Kalisa, B.Sc. (Sciences de Chimie), M.Sc. (Chimie Analytique, France), Ph.D. (Chimie, Universite de Paris VI, France)RULINDA Jean Baptiste, B.Sc. (Chimie, RD Congo), Ph.D. (Mercure et ses composes dans l'environnement, KATHOLIQUE UNIVERSITEIT TE LEUVEN, Belgium)Assistant Professor*SEKOMO BIRAME Christian, B.Sc. (Chemistry, NUR, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Science, South Africa), Ph.D. (pursuing, Sandwich program, Institute of Water Education, Netherlands)Senior Lecturer:NTAGANDA Jean, M.Sc. (Chemistry, Russia), Ph.D. (Organic Chemistry, Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Russia)

LecturerKABERA Claudien, M.Sc. (Chemistry, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University, Russia)**UWAMARIYA Valentine, B.Sc. (Chemistry, NUR, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Science, South Africa), Ph.D. (UNESCO-IHE, Institute of Water Education, Netherlands)Assistant Lecturer**KAMIZIKUNZE Theoneste, B.Sc. (Chemistry, NUR, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Chimie, Universite de Nice France)Tutorial AssistantFATAKANWA Claver, B.Sc. (Chemistry, NUR, Rwanda), Work certificate(NUR)MUSENGIMANA Eric, B.Sc. (Chemistry, NUR, Rwanda)UZAYISENGA Viviane, B.Sc. (Bio-Organique, NUR, Rwanda)5) Department of GeographyHead and Assistant ProfessorTWARABAMENYE Emmanuel, B.Sc. (Geographie, Unr, Rwanda), Ph.D. (Geographie Tropicale, Universite Michel de Montaigne- Bordeaux III, France), DEA (en Geographie Tropicale ,Universite Michel de Montaigne- Bordeaux III 1985)LecturerDUSHIMIYIMANA Jean Paul, Certificat de travail, B.Sc. (Geography, NUR), M.Sc.(Environmental Sciences (Development and Environmental Management), FUL, Belgium)HAVUGIMANA Emmanuel, Bachelors (Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Burundi), Masters (Amenagement du territoire et development regional, Universite Laval, Canada)**MUHOZA NDARUHUYE Dieudonne, B.Sc. (Geography, RD Congo), M.Sc. (Demography, Belgium), Ph.D. (Demography, Holland)MUSANGWA Sigfried, B.Sc. (Histoire Geographie,Burundi), M.Sc. (Dynamiquescomparees des Societes en developpement, France), Ph.D.NIYONZIMA Theophile, B.Sc. (Environmental Analysis and Management, South Africa), M.Sc. (Environment and Society, University of Pretoria, South Africa), Bachelor in Geography (NUR 1997)RWANYINZIRA Gaspard, B.Sc. (Geography, NUR, Rwanda), Ph.D. (Geographie Tropicale , DEA (Dynamique des milieux et Societes Universite de Michel de Montaigne Bordeaux III 2002)Assistant LecturerMUREMYANGANGO Beatrice, B.Sc. (Geographie, NUR, Rwanda), M.Sc. (Geographie physique et humaine,amenagement,urbanisme, Universite de Province Centre d'AIX)Tutorial AssistantHATEGEKIMANA Gregoire, B.Sc. (Amenagement et Environnement, NUR, Rwanda)*SINGIRANKABO UWACU, Work certificate (NUR 2008), B.Sc. (Geography, NUR,Rwanda), M.Sc. (pursuing, Netherlands)*HATEGIMANA, Gregoire, B.Sc. (Geography, NUR), M.Sc. (pursuing, Netherlands)* on study leave** incomplete files

APPENDIX 3: ASSESSMENTS & EXAMINATIONS

The purpose of assessment is to measure the achievement of the intended learning outcomes. The form(s) of assessment for any module shall be appropriate for this purpose.

1. Modules are assessed by coursework – assignments carried out during the teaching weeks, where grades and feedback are provided before the final examination – and by a final assignment or examination at the end of the semester.

2. Students will normally receive feedback on their grade and performance on coursework within three weeks of the due date or at least a week before the next piece of assessed work on the same module, whichever is earlier.

3. No member of academic staff shall mark coursework, examine orally or invigilate or mark examination scripts produced by students with whom he or she has a close relationship, nor shall he or she be a member of an Examination Board considering such students. (Where this bars a Dean or a Programme Leader from a particular Board, a substitute shall be appointed by the Dean or Vice Rector Academic, as appropriate.) Members of staff are required to recuse themselves if they feel their impartiality might be brought seriously into question with regard to any particular student.

4. A ten-credit module shall normally be assessed by one two-hour examination and one substantial piece of coursework (e.g. a 3,000-word essay) or two shorter pieces of coursework (e.g. a 1,000-word essay, an assessed oral presentation). A twenty-credit module shall normally be assessed by a three-hour examination and two substantial pieces of coursework. The assessment burden for modules of other lengths shall be in proportion to their size.

5. The grade for a module is made up of the grades for individual assignments, weighted as approved in the Programme Specification. All assignment, module and programme marks shall be presented as percentage scores. Coursework shall normally make up 40% of the module score and final assessment 60%.

6. Marks of all assignments contributing more than ten per cent to the module score shall be moderated internally, by second marking by another academic or by marking of a sample of scripts to assure the validity of the standard. All assignments at HE Level 4 or higher or leading to a specifically validated exit award, and carrying a mark of more than twenty per cent of the module score, shall be moderated by an external examiner.

7. There can be no appeal against academic judgment provided there has been internal and external moderation of grades, but students may appeal against a grade on the grounds of factual error in the marker’s comments, demonstrable bias, or maladministration of the process. (If no system of moderation is in place, students may appeal against grades which are out of line with their other performance in this year.) Such an appeal shall be lodged in writing with the Dean of the Faculty responsible for the Programme within one week of the mark being published and shall be supported by evidence. The appeal shall be considered by a committee consisting of the Dean, the Programme Leader (or another academic member of the programme team if the Programme Leader is the marker) and one other academic member of staff with relevant knowledge from outside the team, and this committee shall change or confirm the grade within one week of the receipt of the appeal. One further appeal is permitted against bias or maladministration, to the Vice Rector Academic, but any such appeal must be accompanied by fresh evidence not considered at the level of Faculty. There is no further appeal beyond this level.