academic ranking of world universities
DESCRIPTION
Academic Ranking of World Universities. Prof. Nian Cai LIU Director, Center for World-Class Universities Dean, Graduate School of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University. 18 October 2012. Let a Thousand Flowers Blossom. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Academic Ranking of World Universities
18 October 2012
Prof. Nian Cai LIUDirector, Center for World-Class UniversitiesDean, Graduate School of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University
Let a Thousand Flowers Blossom
• UNESCO Global Forum “Rankings and Accountability in Higher Education”, 16-17 May 2011, Paris.
• Although there are many limitations and problems, ranking is useful to a variety of stakeholders in many different ways and is becoming one of the major quality assurance tools.
• Whether universities and other stakeholders agree with rankings or not, they are clearly here to stay. The key issue then becomes how to improve rankings and wisely use rankings.
Outline
• The History
• The Methodology
• The Results
• The Future
HISTORY
Chinese Dream of WCU
• World-Class University (WCU) is a dream for generations of Chinese. It’s not only for pride, but also for the future of China.
• Since 1990s, Chinese government has launched several initiatives for research universities. The best-known one is specially designed to build WCU (985 Project).
• Many top Chinese universities have setup their strategic goals as WCU. Most of them have also set time tables for reaching the goals.
Questions About WCU
• What is the definition and criteria for a WCU?• How many WCU should be there in the world?• What are the positions of top Chinese
universities in the world?• How can Chinese universities improve
themselves to reach the goal of WCU?
(From benchmarking to ranking)
Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Find out the positions of top Chinese Universities in the world higher education system
Provide one source of information for the global comparison of universities
Academic Ranking of World Universities by Broad Subject Fields (ARWU-FIELD)
Five Broad Subject Fields• Natural Sciences and Mathematics (SCI)
• Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences (ENG)
• Life and Agriculture Sciences (LIFE)
• Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy (MED)
• Social Sciences (SOC)
2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012
Academic Ranking of World Universities by Subject Fields (ARWU-SUBJECT)
Five Subject Fields• Mathematics• Physics• Chemistry• Computer Sciences• Economics / Business
2009, 2010, 2011, 2012
METHODOLOGY
Selection of Universities
• Any university that has any Nobel Laureates, Fields Medals, Highly Cited Researchers, or papers in Nature or Science
• Universities with significant amount of papers indexed by Citation Indexes of ThomsonNumber of
universities scanned
> 2000
Number of universities actually ranked
1200
Number of universities published
Top 500Top 200Top 200
ARWU
ARWU-FIELD
ARWU-SUBJECT
Criteria and Weights of ARWU
Criteria Indicator Code Weight
Quality of Education
Alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals
Alumni 10%
Quality of Faculty
Staff of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals Award 20%
Highly cited researchers in 21 broad subject categories HiCi 20%
Research Output
Papers published in Nature and Science* N&S* 20%Papers indexed in Science Citation Index-expanded and Social Science Citation Index
PUB 20%
Per CapitaPerforman
cePer capita academic performance of an institution PCP 10%
*: For institutions specialized in humanities and social sciences such as London School of Economics, N&S is not considered and the weight of N&S is relocated to other indicators
Definition of Indicator: Alumni
• The total number of the alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals.
• Alumni are defined as those who obtain bachelor, Master's or doctoral degrees from the institution.
• Different weights are set according to the periods of obtaining degrees. The weight is 100% for alumni obtaining degrees in 2001-2010, 90% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1991-2000, and so on, and finally 10% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1911-1920.
• If a person obtains more than one degrees from an institution, the institution is considered once only.
Criteria and Weights of ARWU-FIELD
Alumni Award HiCi PUB TOP Fund
SCI 10% 15% 25% 25% 25% /
ENG / / 25% 25% 25% 25%
LIFE 10% 15% 25% 25% 25% /
MED 10% 15% 25% 25% 25% /
SOC 10% 15% 25% 25% 25% /
Criteria and Weights of ARWU-SUBJECT
Alumni Award HiCi PUB TOP
Mathematics 10% 15% 25% 25% 25%
Physics 10% 15% 25% 25% 25%
Chemistry 10% 15% 25% 25% 25%
Computer Science 10% 15% 25% 25% 25%
Economics / Business 10% 15% 25% 25% 25%
16
Main Sources of Data
Nobel laureates: http://www.nobelprize.org Fields Medals: http://www.mathunion.org/medals/ Highly Cited Researchers: http://www.highlycited.com Papers published in Nature and Science: http://www.webofknowledge.com Papers indexed in SCIE and SSCI: http://www.webofknowledge.com
RESULTS
Indicator Alumni Award HiCi N&S PUB
Top 100 3.02 1.35 29.9 57.6 4300
101-200 0.44 0.11 7.2 14.2 2700
201-300 0.21 0.02 3.3 7.3 1900
301-400 0.13 0.01 2.3 3.8 1400
401-500 0.10 0.01 0.8 2.7 1200
Average Performance by ARWU Indicators
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
57 58 58 58 59 58 57 57
35 34 34 34 32 33 34 31
6 7 7 5 6 6 6 72 2 2 3 3 3 4 5
Oceania
Asia
Europe
Americas
Top 100 Universities by Region
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
19 21 22 20 22 22 19 24
74 71 78 80 84 84 89 88
198 196 197 190 184 187 184 182
205 207 208 210 208 204 204 202
EuropeAmericasAsiaOceaniaAfrica
Top 500 Universities by Region
150
42
3837
2221
20
20
19
1311
1110
777
665
5 4 3United States ChinaUnited Kingdom GermanyCanada JapanFrance ItalyAustralia NetherlandsSweden SpainSouth Korea SwitzerlandBelgium AustriaIsrael BrazilFinland New ZealandDenmark NorwayIreland Saudi ArabiaSouth Africa PortugalRussia SingaporeGreece PolandHungary ChileArgentina MexicoCzech IndiaIran CroatiaEgypt MalaysiaSerbia SloveniaTurkey
Top 500 Universities by Country (43)
First multi-indicator global university ranking
Transparent and stable methodology
Objective indicators only
Third-party data only
Verifiable results
ARWU Features
Reported by media in major countries
Cited by hundreds of universities
Concerned by Government officials
Referenced by policy researchers
Used by students and their parents?!
ARWU Impact
FUTURE
Updating ARWU
ARWU Top 500 annually
ARWU-FIELD Top 200 annually
ARWU-SUBJECT Top 200 annually
Improving ARWU Including more international scientific awards
- possibly one from each subject area
Including more internationally renowned scholars- plenary speakers etc.
Including more internationally renowned alumni- executives in top companies and intl. organizations
Including more types of research outputs for social sciences
- books, etc.
Diversifying ARWU
Ranking of specialized universities - medicine, engineering, etc. (classification)
Ranking by regions of special interests - Eastern Europe, South America, South Asia, etc.
Ranking emphasizing per capita performance - comparable definition and data of academic staff
Ranking considering history, budget, size, etc.
Profiling Research Universities
Building databases of world research universities
with as many indicators as possible (GRUP) Profiling and interactive analysis of world
research universities at institutional level
Benchmarking with peer research universities in the world at faculty/departmental level
Annual report of world-class universities
Contributing to Ranking Community
Theoretical research on ranking to better understand the phenomenon of ranking
Professional services through IREG involvement and conference organization
IREG Stakeholders’ Guidelines on Academic Rankings
http://www.ShanghaiRanking.com/