access routes for the poor

8/14/2019 Access Routes for the Poor

1/18

CriticalDiscussion

Session

LL.D

Proposed

Dissertation

ACCESSROUTESFORTHEPOOR

TOKNOWLEDGE

TREASURED

INTHEINTERNATIONALCOPYRIGHT UNGLE

AcademicAdvisor:SUZUKIMasabumi


2/18

Introduction:

yResearchMotive:

Conformityofdomesticcopyrightlawstotheinternationalnormsvs.Utmostexploitationof

exi i itiescontaine

in

t e

internationa

norms

yResearchQuestion:

Shouldareformbemadetothecurrentinternational

co ri htre ime

so

as

to

make

it

more

flexible?


3/18

Introduction:y

Research

Objectives

and

Methodology:nswer: e orm sprema ure, ecause:

1.Lowerpositionofdevelopingcountriesinnegotiation

.international

instruments

(Berne,

TRIPS,

WCT)

.Underuseofflexibilitiesb develo in countries India,

Brazil,Cambodia)

4.Dual

policy

carried

out

by

developed

countries:

(1)

arr ersaga ns useo ex es y eve op ngcoun r es,and(2)Useofflexibilitiesbythemselves(US,France,a an


4/18

Introduction:

yResearchBoundaries:

Copyrightvs.NeighboringRights

Flexibilitiesthatservethepurposeofeducation

Representing

international

copyright

norms:

Berne,

TRIPS,WCT

Representingdevelopingcountries:India,Brazil,

Cambodia Representingdevelopedcountries:US,France,Japan


5/18

Outline:

Chapter

1

Introduction:

Flexibilities

in

the

Rigidity

theEast

Rigid

but

Flexible

Cha ter LessPowerfulCountriesandFlexibilities:Apracticeofunderuse

Chapter5

More

Powerful

Countries

and

Flexibilities:

Alessontobelearnt

Chapter6 Conclusion:PolicyRecommendations


6/18

FindingsinChapter2

.respectofWorkstobeprotected

BERNE TRIPS WCT

1.Literary

and

artistic

works

Idem.

Idem.

2 1

2.Derivative work(2(3)) Idem. Idem.

3.Collectionofliteraryorartisticworks(2(5))

Idem. Idem.

4.Computerprograms,

whetherin

source

or

object

4. Computerprograms,

whatevermaybethemode(4)

5.Compilationofdataorother 5.Compilationofdataor,

(5)


7/18

FindingsinChapter2

.respectoftermofprotection

BERNE TRIPS WCT

Literary an artisticworks

Li eo aut oran 50years



nema ograp cworks

50years 50years 50years

pseudonymous

works

or so app e art


o ograp c

works



8/18

FindingsinChapter2

3.Evo ution

o

Internationa

Copyrig t

Stan ar s

in

respectofExclusiveRights

BERNE TRIPS WCT

1.Moral rights

(paternity

and

inte rit 6bis Idem.2.Right ofreproduction(9) Idem. Idem.

3.Rightoftranslation(8) Idem. Idem.

4.

Right

of

adaptation

(12) Idem. Idem.

5.Rightofbroadcasting(11bis) Idem. Idem.

6.Rightofpublicrecitation (11ter) Idem. Idem.

7.Rightofpublicperformance(11) Idem. Idem.

8.Rightofrecordingmusicalworks (13)

Idem. Idem.

9.Cinematographicright(14) Idem. Idem.

10. Droit desuite

(14ter) Idem. Idem.

Rentalright(11) Rentalright(7)


9/18

FindingsinChapter3 FlexibilitiesintheRigidity

1.Copyright

Limitations

WCT TRIPS BERNE

Works tobeprotected(Requirementsfor

Protection)

IdeaExpressionDichotomy

Literary & artistic


Literary & artistic


Literary

& artistic

works + computerprograms +compilation of data

works + computerprograms +compilation of data

worksNoprotectionofcomputerprograms

-Fixationrequirement

-Fixationrequirement

dataFixationrequirement

Exclusiveri htstobe Berneri hts Berneri hts Berneri htsgranted Commercial rental

right

Right

of

public

Commercial rentalright

Exclusion

of

moral

Norecognitionofcommercialrental

rightcommun ca onv a

internetRightofdistribution

r g sNorecognitionofdistributionrightRi htof ublic

orecogn onodistributionrightRightofpubliccommunication does

communicationdoesnot

extend

to

internet

transmission

notextendtointernettransmission


10/18


.

WCT TRIPS BERNE

LegislativeExclusion OfficialtextsWorksofappliedart

andindustrial designs

OfficialtextsWorksofappliedart


OfficialtextsWorksofappliedart


andmodelsNewsofthedayPoliticalspeechesand



thecourse

of

legal

proceedingsLectures,addresses

thecourse

of

legal


thecourse

of

legal


e vere nt epu c e vere nt epu c e vere nt epu c

TermofProtection Literary& artistic

works: Life of author

Literary& artistic

works: Life of author

Literary& artistic

works: Life of authoryears- Cinematographicworks: 50 years- Works of a lied

years- Cinematographicworks: 50 years- Works of a lied

years- Cinematographicworks: 50 years- Works of a lied

art: 25 years- Photographicworks: 50 years




11/18


.

WCT TRIPS BERNE

erm e ses enera excep on oexclusiverights

(subject

to

the

3

step

test

enera excep on oexclusiverights

(subject

to

the

3

step

test

enera excep on othereproductionright

(subject

to

the

3

step

testQuotationsUtilizationforteachingpurpose

QuotationsUtilizationforteachingpurpose

QuotationsUtilizationforteachingpurpose

seo ar c es n

newspapersand

periodicalsUseofworksfor

seo ar c es n

newspapersand


seo ar c es n

newspapersand


reportingpurposesImpliedexception

withrespect

to

the


withrespect

to

the


withrespect

to

the

r g o rans a onMinorreservationsOtherrestrictions



Recoding

of

musical

works

Recoding

of

musical

works

Recoding

of

musical

works


12/18

Findin sinCha ter3 FlexibilitiesintheRi idit

3.

Others

SpecialProvisionsinfavor

of

developing

CompulsoryLicensing

in

respect

of

CompulsoryLicensing

in

respect

of

CompulsoryLicensing

in

respect

of

countries(BERNEAppendix)

translationrightCompulsoryLicensinginrespectof



Fiveyear(over)Elevenyear

transitionalperiod

OutofreachIssue(ExhaustionofRi hts)

Freedomtoallowarallel im ort

Freedom toallowarallelim ort

Freedom toallowarallelim ort


13/18

FindingsinChapter4 UnderuseofflexibilitiesbyDC

.

ecase

o

am o a

Copyright TRIPS Cambodian CopyrightLawRequirements

for

protection


(TRIPS

Art

9(2))

Art10

o r s o epro ec e Art9& 10)

n epen en pro ec ono eo awor r9)

Fixationrequirement(BERNE Norequirement

Exclusive

rightstobeExclusion

of

moral

rights

(TRIPSArt9(1))Protection

of

moral

rights

(rights

of

disclosure,

paternity,andintegrity)(Art 18& 19)

Norecognitionofpubliclendingright

Recognitionofpublic lendingright(Art21)

Norecognition

of

distribution Recognition

of

distribution

right

(Art

21)

right

Rightofcommunicationtothepublicdoesnotextendto

Thedefinition ofcommunicationtothepubliccanbeinterpretedastoincludethe

internet transmission internettransmission(Art2(i) & 21

Commercialrental

right

(TRIPS

Art11)Recognition

of

rental

right

(Art

21)


14/18


.

ecase

o

am o a

on nue

Copyright TRIPS CambodianCopyrightLawm a o n s

Legislative

Exclusion

Officialtexts(BERNE Art 2(4)) Art10

Worksofa liedartand Protectionofworksofa liedartandindustrialdesignsandmodels(BERNEArt2(7))

industrial designsandmodels(Art7)

Newsoftheday(BERNEArt2(8)) Noexplicit exclusion(yet,itisnotnecessary)

Politicalspeeches

and

speeches

deliveredinthecourseoflegalproceedings(BERNEArt2bis(1))

Limitsto

reproduction

and

broadcasting

rightsinrespectofspeechesaddressedtothepublic(Art25)

Lectures, addressesandotherworksofthesamenaturewhich

aredelivered

in

public

(BERNE

Itisquestionablewhetherthespeechesaddressed tothepublicasprovidedforinart

25cover

lectures,

addresses

and

other

works

Art2bis 2 of thesamenaturewhicharedeliveredinpublic.


15/18


.

ecase

o

am o a

on nue

Copyright TRIPS CambodianCopyrightLawm a ons

Termof

Protection

Literaryandartisticworks:Lifeof

authorand

50

years

(BERNE

Art

7(1))

Art30

Cinematographicworks: 50yearsaftertheworkhasbeenmadeavailabletothepublicwiththe

75yearsafter theworkhasbeenlegallypublished,orfailingsuchaneventwithin50yearsafterthemakingofsuchawork,

,

anevent

within

50

years

from

the

makingofsuchawork,50yearsafterthemaking(BERNEArt7(2))

Anonymousorpseudonymousworks:50yearsaftertheworkhas

beenlegally

made

available

to

the

75yearsaftertheworkhasbeenpublishedwiththerightholders

authorization(Art

31)

pu ic BERNEArt7 3

Worksofappliedartandphotographicworks:25yearsfrom

Lifeofauthorand50years

e ma ngo suc awor

Art7(4))


16/18


.

Copyright TRIPS CambodianCopyrightLawPermitted

Uses

GeneralException (TRIPSArt13) Permissionofprivatereproductionof

a

published work

in

a

single

copy

,

sub ectto2conditions Art2

Quotations(BERNEArt10(1)): Noquantitativeorqualitativerestriction

Art 25:Confinednatureofworksthatcanbequoted;Qualitativerestriction

Utilizationfor

teaching

purpose

(BERNEArt10(2)):Norestrictionastothetypeandformof

Art25

& 29: Qualitative

restriction

to

thereproduction;typeandformofutilizationconfinedtoreprographic

utilization;Possibility toreproducethewholeofa

published

work;

Possibility

to

reproduction;distanceeducationnotexpresslyincluded

Useofarticlesinnewspapersandperiodicalsoncurrenteconomic,

Art25: Permissionofbroadcastingofpresscommentary

(BERNEArt 10bis(1))


17/18


.

ecase

o

am o a

on nue

Copyright TRIPS CambodianCopyrightLawxcep ons

PermittedUses Useofworksforreportingpurposes

(BERNEArt

10bis(2))

Nosuchexception

Impliedexceptionwithrespecttotherightoftranslation

Misleading Art25

Minorreservation: Art28:Permission of citationofalegitimatelypublishedworkinanother

work

ExerciseofState Other impliedrestrictionson Noprovisiononthismatterower exc us ver g s mpose n e

publicinterests

Compulsory

Compulsory

licensing

(BERNE

Art

No

system of

compulsory

licensing

SP forDC BERNEAppendix NouseofBERNEAppendix

Outofreach FreedomtoallowParallel Import Art21:ExclusiverighttocontrolIssues importation anddistribution

Transitional

PeriodsTRIPS

11

year transitional

period

(ByJuly1,2013)No

significant

preparation


18/18

Conclusion:

y orewor sto e one

y Questions,comments,adviceswelcomed

access routes for the poor

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