access to higher education for undocumented students · pdf file ·...

Access to Higher Education for Undocumented Students

DC-TAG By: Brenda Guevara

OutlineI. Background Information

A. What is lack of access to college?

B. Impacts of the problem

C Causes of the problem

D. Focus Policy - DC-TAG

II. Controversy

A. Tuition Equity vs. International Fees

III. Alternative Policy

A. Extending DC-TAGSource: Statistic Brain

Defining the Problem!

➢ Who are undocumented students?

➢ Undocumented students lack access to college

○ College Acceptance requirements

○ No federal or state financial aid

○ Scholarship

Source: College Board

Let’s Look at the Numbers!

➢ Only 6,500 out of 65,000

➢ K-12, but not Higher Education

➢ Extra fees as international students

Source: Center for American Progress; City on the Hill Press

Immigrants Want An Education!

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

➢ But only 13% of the immigrant population have a bachelor's degree

Impacts… Unequal Access➢ Low income families

➢ Unemployment

➢ Less job satisfaction

➢ Low-skilled workers

➢ Dependence on entitlements

➢ Health care, food stamps, wic, etc.

Source: Pew Research

Impacts Are Economic & Personal

➢ College graduates earn $17,500 more than high school graduates

➢ College graduates are more likely to view their job as a career, 46% vs. 31%


Impact… Unemployment


➢ College graduates are less likely to be unemployed

○ 3.8% for college graduates

vs.

○ 12.2% for non-college graduates

Causes… Unequal Access

➢ Lack of Information

➢ Loans are too costly

➢ Unable to complete FAFSA

➢ Lack of Equitable Tuition Policies

Source: OSSE; Simpletuition; Center for American Progress; NACAC; Edsource.

Tuition Equity Laws

Source: NACAC Bulletin

Undocumented Students Paying Higher Rates!

Source: Teaching With Data

Contributing, But Not Receiving➢ Business News Network:

“Undocumented Immigrants in the state of Massachusetts contribute lots of money to the tune of about

$200 Million dollars a year in state and local tax revenue”

Carlos Rojas- Alvarez

Related PoliciesFEDERAL STATE/LOCAL

➢ Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA)

➢ Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival (DACA)

Source: NCSL; USCIS

➢ DC Tuition Assistance Grant (DC-TAG)

Source: OSSE

Weaknesses of DC-TAG

DC Tuition Assistance Grant (DC-TAG)

➢ Undocumented students are ineligible for FAFSA

➢ Undocumented students cannot prove residency

➢ Students who are citizens with undocumented parents are ineligible for DC-TAG

➢ Students are prevented from affording a college degreeSource: OSSE

DC-TAG Citizenship Documentation ➢ Permanent Residence Card or Alien Registration Receipt Form I-151/551

➢ Certificate of Citizenship or Naturalization

➢ I-94 Arrival Departure Record or computer generated I-94A

Controversial Question Should We Offer In-State Tuition to

Undocumented Students?

Should We Offer In-State Tuition to Undocumented Students?

Source: National Conference of States LegislationsSource: National Conference of States Legislations

Opponents Supporters➢ No

○ Encourages more immigration

○ Too costly for taxpayers

○ Even with college degree,

undocumented are unable to work

○ Violates IIRIRA

○ Rewards breaking the law

➢ Yes○ Incentive to obtain education

○ College is out of reach financially

○ Does not violates IIRIRA

○ Broke the law unconsciously

Opponents Say....

Source: NACAC Bulletin

Should We Offer In-State Tuition to Undocumented Students?

Opponents Supporters➢ No

○ Encourages more immigration

○ Too costly for taxpayers

○ Even with college degree,

undocumented are unable to work

○ Rewards breaking the law

Source: National Conference of States Legislations

➢ Yes○ Incentive to obtain education

○ College is out of reach financially

○ Broke the law unconsciously

Source: National Conference of States Legislature

Reality

Source: The Daily Californian

Should We Offer In-State Tuition To Undocumented Students?

I Say YES!

➢ The federal govt. is lacking action

➢ Chance of employment is higher

➢ Benefits the economy

➢ It’s merit/need benefit Source: Bureau of Labor; Budget and Policy; NCSL

Universal Tension

Federal v. State Government

Supreme Court CasePlayer v. Doe

CONTEXT RULING

➢ A Texas statute authorized local

schools to deny enrollment to

undocumented student

➢ Denying enrollment to

undocumented children violates the

“Equal Protection Clause”

➢ Education K-12 is granted for

undocumented students

Source: Cornell University Law School

Alternative Policy

Extending DC-TAG

Weaknesses of DC-TAG

DC Tuition Assistance Grant (DC-TAG)




➢ Students are prevented from affording a college degreeSource: OSSE

Alternative Policy #1DC-TAG Extension

EXPLANATION PUBLIC OPINION

➢ Altering Qualification Requirements

○ Eliminating Legal Residency, allowing “Proof of Residency” in D.C.

○ Provide pay stubs to show need

➢ Increase the budget

➢ 78% support allowing non-citizen Engineers and Scientist graduates from U.S colleges to stay and work

Source: OSSE; Gallup

Alternative Policy #2California AB 540

EXPLANATION PUBLIC OPINION➢ Gives in-state tuition to undocumented

○ GED

○ Attend 3 yrs of high school

○ Enrolled in College/University

○ Must be undocumented

Source: Office of Government, Legislative. And community Relations

➢ Should Undocumented Immigrant Youth

Pay In-State Tuition to Attend College?

○ 62% - children of undocumented

immigrants should pay the in-state

tuition rate in their state of residence

Source: Rand Corporation

Policy ProposalDC-TAG Extension

COSTS BENEFITS

➢ Increase budget by $3 million year

➢ $45,000 P.A. for an employee

Source: OSSE; Pew Research

➢ 300 new undocumented students can apply each year.

➢ College graduate earns an estimated $650,000 more than high school graduate over the course of a 40-year career

Cost Breakdown!

➢ 3,000 DC high school graduates in 2015

➢ ~10% or 300 are undocumented

➢ 300 x $10,000 (DC-TAG) = $3 million dollars each year needed for program to fund undocumented students

Source: OSSE

But… How To Fund It?➢ Money will come from carryovers of DC Budget

➢ Example: EB0 - Deputy Mayor for Planning and Economic Development had a carryover of $23,099,236 in FY 2015

WEAKNESS OF FOCUS POLICY PROPOSAL




➢ Prevented from affording a college degree

➢ Eligibility requirement

○ Eliminate FAFSA requirement, instead allow applicants’ parents provide pay stubs showing need

○ Applicants provide only “Proof of Residency” in D.C.

○ Eliminate requirement that parents are legal residents

Source: OSSE

How Does Proposal Address Weaknesses of Focus Policy?

Work Cited1. "About This Issue." The School Review 83.1, Responses to "Symposium on Youth: Transition to Adulthood" (1974): 1-

4. Pew Research Center. Pew Research, 18 Nov. 2014. Web. 28 Apr. 2016.

2. Bozick, Robert. "Should Undocumented Immigrant Youth Pay In-State Tuition to Attend College?" RAND Corporation Provides Objective Research Services and Public Policy Analysis. Rand, 28 July 2015. Web. 28 Apr. 2016.

3. "Consideration of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)." USCIS. USCIS, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2016.

4. Cohen, Adam. "Why States Shouldn’t Control Immigration | TIME.com." Ideas Why States Shouldn’t Control Immigration Comments. Time, 07 May 2012. Web. 02 May 2016.

5. "Dreams Deferred: The Costs of Ignoring Undocumented Students."American Immigration Council. American

Immigration Council, 18 Oct. 2008. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.

6. Gordon, Larry. "Lack of Information, ‘misconceptions’ Are Obstacles to College Financial Aid." EdSource. EdSource,

22 Feb. 2016. Web. 29 Apr. 2016.

7. Eskow, Richard. "Free Higher Education Is a Human Right." Campaign For America's Future. Campaign for America's

Future, 19 Mar. 2014. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.

8. "Financing College: Options for Undocumented Students." SimpleTuition. Simpletuition, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.

9. Mendoza, Gilberto. "TUITION BENEFITS FOR IMMIGRANTS." National Conference of State Legislatures. National

Conference of States Legislatures, 15 July 2015. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.

10. Newport, Frank, and Joy Wilky. "Immigration Reform Proposals Garner Broad Support in U.S." Gallup.com. Gallup, 19

June 2013. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.

11. "Office of the State Superintendent of Education." DC.gov, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.

12. "Office of Government, Legislative, and Community Relations." Office of Government, Legislative, Community

Relations. California State University Long Beach, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.

13. Perez, Zenen Jaime. "Removing Barriers to Higher Education for Undocumented Students." Removing Barriers to

Higher Education for Undocumented Students. Center for American Progress, 05 Dec. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2016.

14. "Plyler v. Doe." LII / Legal Information Institute. Legal Information Institute, n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2016.

15. "Rep. Eleanor Norton: Extend D.C. TAG Funding to Undocumented Students." Change.org. Change.org, n.d. Web. 02

May 2016.

16. "Rise in Average Tuition for 4-Year Public Universities | Data in the News."Rise in Average Tuition for 4-Year Public

Universities | Data in the News. Teaching With Data, 04 Oct. 2010. Web. 02 May 2016.

17. "The Rising Cost of Not Going to College." Www.pewsocialtrends.org. Pew Research Center Social Demographic

Trends Project RSS, 11 Feb. 2014. Web. 29 Feb. 2016.

18. "The Rising Cost of Not Going to College." Pew Research Center Social Demographic Trends Project RSS. Pew

Research Center Social Demographic Trends Project RSS, 11 Feb. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2016.

19. Tactaquin, Catherine. "Education." Immigrant's Impact on. N.p., 01 Mar. 2011. Web. 13 Apr. 2016.

20. " Tuition Equity for Undocumented Students Gains Momentum." Tuition Equity for Undocumented Students Gains

Momentum. NACAC Bulletin, 10 Apr. 2013. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.

21. "Trends in Higher Education." - Trends in Higher Education. College Board, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.

22. "The Washington State Dream Act: An Investment for All Washingtonians." — Budget and Policy Center. Washington

State Budget and Policy Center, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.

23. "UNDOCUMENTED STUDENT TUITION: OVERVIEW." NCLS National Conference of State Legislatures. NCLS

National Conference of State Legislatures, 29 Oct. 2015. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.

24. "UNDOCUMENTED STUDENT TUITION: FEDERAL ACTION." National Conference of States Legislation. NCSL,

May 2011. Web. 29 Apr. 2016.

http://www.pewsocialtrends.org

Work Cited7.Eskow, Richard. "Free Higher Education Is a Human Right." Campaign For America's Future. Campaign for America's Future, 19 Mar. 2014. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.

8."Financing College: Options for Undocumented Students." SimpleTuition. Simpletuition, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.

9.Mendoza, Gilberto. "TUITION BENEFITS FOR IMMIGRANTS." National Conference of State Legislatures. National Conference of States Legislatures, 15 July 2015. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.

10.Newport, Frank, and Joy Wilky. "Immigration Reform Proposals Garner Broad Support in U.S." Gallup.com. Gallup, 19 June 2013. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.

11."Office of the State Superintendent of Education." DC.gov, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.

12."Office of Government, Legislative, and Community Relations." Office of Government, Legislative, Community Relations. California State University Long Beach, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.

Work Cited13.Perez, Zenen Jaime. "Removing Barriers to Higher Education for Undocumented Students." Removing Barriers to Higher

Education for Undocumented Students. Center for American Progress, 05 Dec. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2016.

14."Plyler v. Doe." LII / Legal Information Institute. Legal Information Institute, n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2016.

15."Rep. Eleanor Norton: Extend D.C. TAG Funding to Undocumented Students." Change.org. Change.org, n.d. Web. 02 May

2016.

16."Rise in Average Tuition for 4-Year Public Universities | Data in the News."Rise in Average Tuition for 4-Year Public

Universities | Data in the News. Teaching With Data, 04 Oct. 2010. Web. 02 May 2016.

17."The Rising Cost of Not Going to College." Www.pewsocialtrends.org. Pew Research Center Social Demographic Trends

Project RSS, 11 Feb. 2014. Web. 29 Feb. 2016.

http://www.pewsocialtrends.org

Work Cited18."The Rising Cost of Not Going to College." Pew Research Center Social Demographic Trends Project RSS. Pew Research

Center Social Demographic Trends Project RSS, 11 Feb. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2016.

19.Tactaquin, Catherine. "Education." Immigrant's Impact on. N.p., 01 Mar. 2011. Web. 13 Apr. 2016.

20." Tuition Equity for Undocumented Students Gains Momentum." Tuition Equity for Undocumented Students Gains Momentum.

NACAC Bulletin, 10 Apr. 2013. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.

21."Trends in Higher Education." - Trends in Higher Education. College Board, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.

22."The Washington State Dream Act: An Investment for All Washingtonians." — Budget and Policy Center. Washington State

Budget and Policy Center, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.

Work Cited23."UNDOCUMENTED STUDENT TUITION: OVERVIEW." NCLS National Conference of State Legislatures. NCLS National

Conference of State Legislatures, 29 Oct. 2015. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.

24."UNDOCUMENTED STUDENT TUITION: FEDERAL ACTION." National Conference of States Legislation. NCSL, May

2011. Web. 29 Apr. 2016.

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