Access to transportation, Gender

and employmentArab women’s mobility

in Israel – a case study

Why is Access to Transportation a Gender issue?

PublicGender differences in transport needs: Transport policies have focused on men’s

needs Women’s multi-tasking (domestic

responsibility) - more trips and more transport burden Time availability Lack of access to services Lower wages

Public Transportation in Arab-Israeli Towns

Inadequate levels of public transport Poor scheduling Poor buses Lack of information

Who has access to drivers licence/or car? 33% (Arab women) 69% (Arab men) 56% (Jewish women)

Mobility among Arab Women in Israel(a case study by Kayan)

Keinan & Bar, 2007

Gender and mobility within Arab communities

Why do women not have a driver’s license? 44% economic reasons 30% they have no need for a car 23% social reasons

When travelling outside of the community: 40% are escorted 32% are accompanied

The Employment of Arab Women in the Israeli Economy

Participation has increased Agriculture salaried employee Educational attainment. 18% (Arab women) / 56 % (Jewish women)

The employment professions – typically “feminine”

The effect of having a driver’s licence and access to a car.

Case study-Research question

A new intervention by the ministry of transportation- invest in…

בבית ג'אן לעומת ירכא ,דרוזי, פחות או יותר אותה כמות אוכלוסיה

table

Suggested outcomes

More engagement of women within beit gan in the working force More affect on women than men in beit gan Secondary outcomes- The impact of better transport on women’s labour participation

and wage rates, impacts on social standing and empowerment, and indirect impacts on family health are also issues which tend to be excluded from projects.

What might counteract our research assumtions?

Cultural norms and gender power relations within the Arab society (ציטוט)

Not enough job opportunities No day cares Discrimination towards the Arab society A men designed intervention (bangladesh)