accessibility design: design for all

Design For All Team9

ShandyTsai,ElenaLi,NickyFeeney,VickyXie

IMAGINE

Defini/on

• DesignforAllisaboutensuringthatenvironments,

products,servicesandinterfacesworkforpeopleof

allagesandabiliGes.(includingfuturegeneraGons,

regardlessofage,gender,capaciGesorculturalbackground)

• DesignforAllaimstoenableallpeopletohaveequal

opportuniGestoparGcipateineveryaspectofsociety.

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How? Dimensions

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•  RespecSul•  Safe•  Health•  Comprehensible

•  Affordable•  FuncGonal•  Sustainable•  Appealing

Accessibility

Usability

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Why?

• DriveBusiness• EqualOpportuniGes• We’reoneofthem.Allhumanbeingsareinvolved.

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Dimensions

• Diversity:uservs.technologicalenvironment

•  UserDiversity:thevariousdifferencesamongusersintheir

percepGon,manipulaGon,anduGlizaGonoftechnology

•  TechnologicalEnvironmentDiversity:conGnuouschangesanddiversificaGonsofinteracGonenvironmentsand

technologies

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Dimensions–UserDiversity

•  “Understandingthevariousdimensionsofuser

diversityhelpsdesignanddevelopuserinterfacethat

maximizebenefitsfordifferenttypesofusers”

•  Disability•  PercepGon•  MoGon

•  CogniGon•  Age

•  Children•  Olderusers

•  ComputeruseexperGse

•  Cultureandlanguage•  Socialissues

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• PercepGon•  Visual•  Blindness:usersbenefitfromauditoryandthehapGcmodalityfor

i/opurposes;keyboardsandjoysGcksbutnomouse

•  Visualimpairment:increasethesizeofinteracGvearGfacts;

colourcontrast;specificcolorcombinaGon

•  Auditory•  Hearingimpairment:hearing-aid;lip-reading

•  Deaf:signlanguage

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• MoGon

•  Commonproblems:poormusclecontrol;weaknessandfaGgue;

difficultyinwalking,talking,seeing,speaking,sensingorgrasping;

difficultydoingcomplexorcompoundmanipulaGons

•  AccommodaGons:mobilityaids,manipulaGonaids,

communicaGonaids,computerinterfaceaids

•  Specializedinputdevicesthatminimizephysicaleffort:adapGve

keyboard;voiceinput;eyetracking;brain-computerinterfaces

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• CogniGon•  TheabilityofhumanmindtoprocessinformaGon,think,

remember,reason,andmakedecisions

•  Causesandsymptomsvarygreatlyfromusertouser

•  DesignconsideraGons:simpleandminimalistdesign;reduce

theneedtorelyonmemory;allowsufficientGmefor

interacGon;supportuseramenGon;specialuserincolour,

font,contrasttosupportusercomprehension

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Dimensions–Age

• Ofgreatinteresttodesignersbecauseitprovides“vitalcluesabouthowtopresentinformaGon,feedback,

video,audio,etc.”

• ClassificaGonofinterest:•  Children:usersbelowtheageof18,withparGcularfocusonchildrenundertheageof12

•  Olderpersons:usersovertheageof65

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Dimensions–Age

• Children•  Youngchildrenlackawiderepertoireofexperiencesthatcanguidetheirresponsestocues

• WiththeirdisGnctpreferencesandpercepGonoftheworld,

childrenshouldberegardedasadifferentusergroup

•  Challenge:tounderstandandperceivetheworldfrom

children’sperspecGve

•  AddiGonchallenge:childrenwithdisabiliGes

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Dimensions–Age

• OlderPersons•  Openwithdifferentphysical,sensory,andcogniGvecapabiliGes•  Commondesignprinciples:improvedcontrast;

enlargementofinformaGon;carefulorganizaGonofinformaGon;

choiceofappropriateinputdevices;avoidrelyingonmemory;

simpleandminimalistdesign

•  Largerepertoirethatmightinfluencetheirfeelingstowards

technology,especiallywithaids.

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Dimensions–ComputerUserExperGse

•  Experiencelevelwithdifferentdevices•  ExperiencelevelwithconvenGonaldesigns• Help,guides,errorprevenGon

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Dimensions–Culture&Language

•  Languagebarriers• DifferentinterpretaGonsandconvenGonsofcolour,symbol,gestureetc.duetoculturaldifferences

• GlobalizaGonvs.localizaGon• Designforallacknowledges,recognizes,appreciates,andintegratesthesedifferences(MarcusandRau,2009)

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Dimensions–SocialIssues

•  Socialandeconomicalstatus

•  EducaGonlevel,especiallytechnicaleducaGon• Closelyrelatedtoculturedifferencesandaccesstotechnologyincertainregions

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Dimensions–Tech Environment

•  Temporarystatesofimpairmentcausedbythe

environmentinwhichtheuserinteractwiththedevice

•  Noiselevel•  LighGng•  Timedifferences

•  PhysicallocaGon• Desktopvs.mobilecompuGngvs.VR

•  Networkcoverage•  Interfacedesign•  Permissiontousethedeviceundercertaincircumstances

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PerspecGveandApproach

WebAccessibility

• helpspeoplewithdisabiliGesusetheinternet•  allowsforthemtoreceive,understand,navigate,and

interactwiththeWeb

• Helpguidedeveloperstobemerunderstanduser• Unfortunatelynotwellintegrated

•  Microsop,Adobe,IBMhavelaunchedaccessibilityiniGaGves

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UserInterfaceAdapGon

• UImustbepersonalizableandadaptableto

accommodateallusers•  Hide/Viewdesktopicons,livehelpmenu,ect.

• MostcurrentcommercialadaptaGonsarepurelyaestheGc•  view/zoomtoggle,colorchange,soundchange

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PerspecGveandApproachDimensions

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Accessibilityinthecloud

•  TrytomakeUIpersonableforeveryonenotjust

disabilityaccess

•  GoalistocreateinfrastructurecapableofsoluGonstoaccommodatecompleteuserdiversity

• Usershaveaccessibilityprofilesthatsetframeworkto

automaGcallyadaptcommercialproductstotheirtailored

needs(currentlyinconceptualizaGon/designphases)

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DesignMethodsandTechniquesDimensions

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What?

Why?

How?

KnowingtheUsers

KnowingtheDiversityofUsers

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Observa/ons Dimensions

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DesignMethods

andTechniques

-  gaininsightintotheuserexperience

-  understoodwithinthecontextsofuse

-  richerunderstandingoftherelaGonshipsbetween

preference,behavior,problemsandvalues

-  canbeusedforolderpeopleanduserswithdisabiliGes

Difficulty:“invasion”oftheuser’sspaceandprivacye.gdisabledorolderpeoplewhoarenotkeentorevealtheirproblems

ineverydayacGviGes.

Anthropology

Ethnography

Ethnomethodology

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Survey and Ques/onnaires Dimensions

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andTechniques

asetofwrimenquesGonstoasamplepopulaGonofusers

targetedtoobtainingstaGsGcallyrelevantresults

intheearlydesignphasesbutalsoforevaluaGon

Difficulty:AgeDifference

E.gYoungpeopleVSoldpeople

notalwayspossibletobeawareoftheexactusercharacterisGcs

E.gFormaGons

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Interviews Dimensions

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Witholderpeople,interviewsasameans

forgatheringuserrequirementshasalso

proventobeaneffecGvemethod

-  ethnographicallyinspiredmethod

-  users,stakeholdersanddomainexpertsare

quesGonedtoobtaininformaGonabouttheir

needsorrequirementsinrelaGontoasystem

-  unstructured

-  structured

-  semi-structured

Difficulty:composedofcogniGvelyand

communicaGonimpairedpeople

E.gdeafpeople25

Ac/vity Diaries and Cultural Probes Dimensions

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Difficulty:processfortheblindanduserswithmotor

impairments

soluGon:electronicformedoraudio

recordeddiaries

-  Ethnographicallyinspiredmethod

-  Self-reportedrecordofuserbehaviorover

aperiodofGme

-  ParGcipantsarerequiredtorecord

acGviGestheyareengagedinduringa

normalday.

-  textual

-  visual,picturesandvideos

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Group Discussions Dimensions

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Difficulty:-  usergrouphassevere

communicaGonproblems

-  importantthatthediscussion

leadermanagesthediscussion

effecGvelyandefficiently

-  OlderPeople

Brainstorming-  recoded-  cri7smisforbidden

Focusgroups:

thateachparGcipantcanactto

sGmulateideas,andthatbyaprocess

ofdiscussion,acollecGveviewis

established

6-12people,guidedbyafacilitator

itdoesnotdiscriminateagainst

peoplewhowithdisabiliGes

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Empathic Modeling Dimensions

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andTechniques Difficulty:differencesfromareal

disability

-  helpdesigners/developersputthemselvesintheposiGonofa

disableduser,usuallythroughdisabilitysimulaGon

-  donebysimulaGngthedisabilitybyvarioustechniques

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Scenario, Storyboards and Personas Dimensions

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Prototyping Dimensions

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aconcreterepresentaGonofpartorallofaninteracGvesystem

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User Trials Dimensions

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-  testedby“realusers”

-  performedforusabilityevaluaGonpurposes

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Coopera/ve and Par/cipatory Design Dimensions

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Dimensions

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DesignMethods

andTechniques

✓Appropriate∎Needsmodifica7ons

andadjustments

⌧Notrecommended

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Dimensions

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Interac/on Techniques

• SignLanguage• Speech• HapGcs• Scanning-basedinteracGon• Eyetracking• Gestures&headtracking• BrainInterfaces• MulGmodalinterfaces

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Dimensions

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Sign Language

• AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)

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Speech

Speech

input

systems

Speech

recogniGon

systems

Speech

output

systems

•  Userspeak•  Capturevoice•  Convertfrom

analogtodigital

•  Readdigitaldata•  DigiGzethesounds•  Filterunwantednoise•  Dividedintosmall

segments

•  PhonemepredicGon

•  Recognizephonemes

•  ContextinterpretaGon•  Decode•  ProcessfuncGon•  LifelikegeneraGon•  Speech

SpeechDialogueSystem

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Scanning-based interac/on

HughHerr:Thenewbionics

AimeeMullins,athlete,actorandacGvist 37

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Hap/cs

Brailledisplay RefreshableBrailleDevice

ShapeDisplayTechnology CarsforBlindDrivers 38

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Eye Tracking

• DifficulGes

1.  Slowtyping2.  Hardtocorrect3.  Missingfeedback

4.  Limiteduserrequirements

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Gesture and head tracking

MyoArmband HenryEvans:Meettherobotsforhumanity

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Brain interfaces

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Conclusions

1.  Extendhuman’spossibiliGes

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2.  Unlockhuman’ssenses,feelingsandpower

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2.  Unlockhuman’ssenses,feelingsandpower

3.  Benefitforallhumanbeings

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References

•  DesignforAllhmp://designforall.org/design.php

•  DifferenceBetweenUsabilityandAccessibilityhmp://www.apaddedcell.com/what-s-the-difference-between-usability-and-accessibility

•  WebAccessibility

hmps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEM9Fn9aOG8

•  BehindtheMic:TheScienceofTalkingwithComputers

hmps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxxRAHVtafI

•  DennisHong:Makingacarforblinddrivers

hmps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2OQxHNVLNY

•  MichiganEngineering:RefreshableBrailleDevice

hmps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fIg4rI4cDw

•  HughHerr:Thenewbionicsthatletusrun,climbanddance

hmp://www.ted.com/talks/hugh_herr_the_new_bionics_that_let_us_run_climb_and_dance#t-907059

•  EvelynGlennie:Howtotrulylistenhmp://www.ted.com/talks/evelyn_glennie_shows_how_to_listen#t-1909218

48

• Canyouname3differentuserdiversiGes?

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Q&A

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• What’sthedifferencebetween“KnowingtheUsers”

and“KnowingtheDiversityofUsers”?

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•  IfyouhadToLoseaSense,WhichWouldYouChoose?

orIfyoucouldonlykeeponesense,whatwoulditbe?

Why?

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Thank You