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The Hoverboard CrisisA Case Study in Standards Addressing Global Regulatory and Safety ConcernsACES Meeting, November 2016

Ken BoycePrincipal Engineer Director

& Corporate FellowUL LLC

UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © [2016]. All rights reserved. This presentation may not be copied or used without permission. It is provided for general information purposes only and is not intended to convey legal or other professional advice.

Copyright© 2015 UL LLC. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted in any form without the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherwise provided in writing.

Innovation leads to new challenges

As consumers, we constantly demand new, better, faster, smaller, lighter…..

This leads to an constant development of new technologies and products

Faster product development, over a global supply chain, with more startups, and quicker consumer demand all present challenges for key attributes including safety

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Batteries are ubiquitous in our lives

Batteries surround us today – in our electronics, vehicles, appliances and other everyday products

We are seeing more severe consequences from batteries based on Li-ion technology and expanded use

And more batteries are coming, based on our mobile lifestyles

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Battery Technology Evolution

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Source: NAATBatt


Lithium-ion batteries overview

Lithium-ion is the fastest growing battery chemistry today, with more than 4-6B+ cells produced annually

Demand is largely driven by advantages relative to other batteries of similar size:

•Lighter;

•Higher energy density;

•Holding charge longer; and

•Freedom from a memory effect in charging.

These advantages make lithium-ion the battery of choice for a wide range and increasing range of applications

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What makes batteries useful and appealing also makes them challenging

Demands of smaller and longer batteries lead to increased energy density

New chemistries and designs are being used to drive more active content to improve energy density and packaging – especially Lithium-ion

Batteries generally have a low failure rate - but we are seeing more severe consequences based on technology, manufacturing, use & state of health

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Samsung Recalls Galaxy Note7 Smartphones Due to Serious

Fire and Burn HazardsHazard

The lithium-ion battery in the Galaxy Note7 smartphones can overheat and catch fire, posing a

serious burn hazard to consumers.Units

About one millionUS CPSC, September 15 2016

Tampa man to receive new computer after MacBook battery

explodes As Sanderford was working on his laptop, his MacBook sat just a few inches away. It was charging and turned off at the time. Seconds later, it began hissing and sparks started to

fly. In less than 30 seconds, Sanderford’s house was filled with stinky, thick electrical smoke.

WFLA, September 19 2016

E-cigarette explodes in man’s pocket

Add exploding batteries to the list of potential harm e-cigarettes can do. A man in Avondale, Arizona says he was out shopping when something blew up in his pocket like a

mini pocket pipe bomb. “Like a grenade going off in the store. I turn around, there’s this poof and my husband’s on

fire,” said Patricia Baertich, Tague’s wife.NBC4, September 19, 2016

GIANT FIRE THAT DESTROYED COMPANY PREMISES CAUSED BY A SINGLE

LITHIUM BATTERYA giant fire that destroyed a recycling plant and threatened neighbouring businesses yesterday was caused by a single

lithium battery fire investigators have revealed this morning.Peterborough Telegraph, September 6 2016

Battery fire risk goes well beyond Samsung

Samsung’s Note 7 isn’t the only gadget to catch fire due to lithium-battery problems, which have afflicted everything from

iPhones to Tesla cars to Boeing jetliners. . CBS News, September 2, 2016

Denon Recalls Rechargeable Battery Packs Due to Fire and Burn Hazards

This recall involves Denon’s HEOS 1 Go Pack lithium-ion rechargeable battery packs for wireless speakers

US CPSC, September 20 2016


Battery Hazards

Thermal runaway: fire & explosion

Mismating batteries, chargers & loads

Short circuits

Leakage & Venting

Environmental issues8


SOME IMPORTANT UL BATTERY STANDARDS

UL 1642, Lithium Batteries (BBCV2)

UL 2054, Household and Commercial Batteries (BBET2, BBFS/BBFS2)

UL 2056, Power Banks (BBSZ)

UL 2595, General Requirements for Battery-Powered Appliances (BBOI)

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December 2015: News of Hoverboard Fires Gain Media Attention


Consequences cascade to a crisis

Hoverboard incidents quickly led to major consequences through the value chain:

• Ban on transport by air, train, etc.

• Major issues for retailers

• Bans in locations like college campuses

• Questions about what to do with products

Just in the US, at least 99 incidents of fire or explosions in 20 states, which together resulted in more than $2M in property damage

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“TEMPLOSION”

Big changes…

on a big scale…

in a short time!

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Self-balancing scooter: a mini-energy system!

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The Battery Charger (Power Supply) in not shown but a also a critical component.


Key issues for hoverboard safety

Battery system safety – preventing thermal runaway

Coordination of the charger, battery system and load (i.e. the motors driving the wheels)

Assessing the protection of the battery packs and motors for safety

Rigorous assessment of normal and abnormal operation and environmental integrity

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Hoverboards have high energy density

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UL 2272 provides a path forward


Rapid deployment of standards & conformity assessment

12/2015 – Incidents rapidly proliferate

1/2016 – UL 2272 drafted & published; hoverboard website launched for the public

2/2016 - CPSC guidance referencing UL 2272

3/2016 – Public webinar and Standards Panel Meeting

5/2016 – First hoverboard certifications issued by UL

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Solutions

First certification to UL 2272 less than 6 months after the crisis; more than 20 companies now have certified products

US CPSC recalled more than

500,000 hoverboards in July

UL 2272 in final stages of consensus as a bi-national US and Canadian standard

Other countries requiring compliance with UL 2272

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Summary

• Batteries becoming smaller, longer lasting, more common and global all mean more challenges and risk throughout the value chain

• In order to prevent cascading risk, it is highly advisable to understand the risks, proactively mitigate them through effective screening, and address sourcing to establish confidence

• The dynamics in today’s world will continue to cause rapid new introductions on a global scale

• Standards development will need to move at a faster rate, and compliance invoked quicker, to proactively support critical attributes like safety

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Copyright© 2015 UL LLC. All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reprinted in any form without the express written permission of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or as otherwise provided in writing. 20

Thank you.

Ken [email protected]

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