achievement growth f indings from international comparisons and policy implications

11H

arva

rd K

enne

dy S

choo

lA

ndre

as S

chle

iche

r, 26

Jul

y 20

12A

chie

vem

ent G

row

th

Achievement GrowthFindings from international comparisons

and policy implicationsHarvard Kennedy School, 26 July 2012

Andreas SchleicherSpecial advisor to the Secretary-General on Education Policy

Deputy Director for Education

Programme for International Student Assessment

22H

arva

rd K

enne

dy S

choo

lA

ndre

as S

chle

iche

r, 26

Jul

y 20

12A

chie

vem

ent G

row

th

1998PISA countries in 20002001200320062009

77%81%83%85%86%Coverage of world economy 87%

In 2009 over half a million students representing 28 million 15-year-olds in 74* education

systems took the PISA test

PISA - an internationally agreed 2-hour test that goes beyond testing whether students can reproduce what they were taught…

…to assess students’ capacity to extrapolate from what they know and creatively apply their knowledge in novel situations

33H

arva

rd K

enne

dy S

choo

lA

ndre

as S

chle

iche

r, 26

Jul

y 20

12A

chie

vem

ent G

row

thAverage performanceof 15-year-olds in reading – extrapolate and apply

High reading performance

Low reading performance … 17 countries perform below this line

1525354555440.000

460.000

480.000

500.000

520.000

540.000

560.000Shanghai-China

KoreaFinlandHong Kong-China

Singapore CanadaNew ZealandJapanAustralia

NetherlandsBelgium Norway, EstoniaSwitzerlandPoland, IcelandUnited States LiechtensteinSwedenGermany,IrelandFrance, Chinese TaipeiDenmarkUnited KingdomHungary,

PortugalMacao-China ItalyLatviaSlovenia GreeceSpainCzech RepublicSlovak Republic, Croatia

IsraelLuxembourg,Austria Lithuania

TurkeyDubai (UAE) Russian Federation

Chile

Serbia

NortheastMidwest

WestSouth

Urban schools

Suburban schools

Performance distribution in US18% do not reach baseline Level 2 (16% when excluding immigrants) (Finland 6%, Canada 9%)

Economic cost: 72 trillion $10% are top performers (Shanghai 20%)

55H

arva

rd K

enne

dy S

choo

lA

ndre

as S

chle

iche

r, 26

Jul

y 20

12A

chie

vem

ent G

row

thAverage performanceof 15-year-olds in science – extrapolate and apply

Low average performanceLarge socio-economic disparities

High average performanceLarge socio-economic disparities

Low average performanceHigh social equity

High average performanceHigh social equity

Strong socio-economic impact on

student performance

Socially equitable distribution of

learning opportunities


Low reading performance

66H

arva

rd K

enne

dy S

choo

lA

ndre

as S

chle

iche

r, 26

Jul

y 20

12A

chie

vem

ent G

row

thDurchschnittliche Schülerleistungen im Bereich Mathematik






student performance





AustraliaBelgiumCanadaChileCzech RepDenmarkFinlandGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandIsraelItalyJapanKoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUKUS

2009

1525354555

2009

77H

arva

rd K

enne

dy S

choo

lA

ndre

as S

chle

iche

r, 26

Jul

y 20

12A

chie

vem

ent G

row







student performance






2009

88H

arva

rd K

enne

dy S

choo

lA

ndre

as S

chle

iche

r, 26

Jul

y 20

12A

chie

vem

ent G

row

th

Portu

gal

Spain

Switz

erlan

d

Belg

ium

Kore

a

Luxe

mbo

urg

Germ

any

Gree

ce

Japa

n

Aust

ralia

Unite

d Ki

ngdo

m

New

Zeala

nd

Fran

ce

Neth

erlan

ds

Denm

ark

Italy

Aust

ria

Czec

h Re

publ

ic

Hung

ary

Norw

ay

Icela

nd

Irelan

d

Mexic

o

Finlan

d

Swed

en

Unite

d St

ates

Polan

d

Slov

ak R

epub

lic

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Salary as % of GDP/capita Instruction time 1/teaching time 1/class sizePo

rtuga

l

Spain

Switz

erlan

d

Belg

ium

Kore

a

Luxe

mbo

urg

Germ

any

Gree

ce

Japa

n

Aust

ralia

Unite

d Ki

ngdo

m

New

Zeala

nd

Fran

ce

Neth

erlan

ds

Denm

ark

Italy

Aust

ria

Czec

h Re

publ

ic

Hung

ary

Norw

ay

Icela

nd

Irelan

d

Mexic

o

Finlan

d

Swed

en

Unite

d St

ates

Polan

d

Slov

ak R

epub

lic

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Difference with OECD average

High performing systems often prioritize the quality of teachers over the size of classes

Contribution of various factors to upper secondary teacher compensation costsper student as a percentage of GDP per capita (2004)

Percentage points

99H

arva

rd K

enne

dy S

choo

lA

ndre

as S

chle

iche

r, 26

Jul

y 20

12A

chie

vem

ent G

row







student performance






2009

1010H

arva

rd K

enne

dy S

choo

lA

ndre

as S

chle

iche

r, 26

Jul

y 20

12A

chie

vem

ent G

row







student performance






2000

1111H

arva

rd K

enne

dy S

choo

lA

ndre

as S

chle

iche

r, 26

Jul

y 20

12A

chie

vem

ent G

row







student performance






2000

Other rapid improvers in reading:Peru, Indonesia, Latvia, Israel and Brazil

Rapid improvers in mathematics:Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Greece, Portugal, Italy

and GermanyRapid improvers in science:

Qatar, Turkey, Portugal, Korea, Brazil, Colombia, Italy, Norway, United States, Poland

1212H

arva

rd K

enne

dy S

choo

lA

ndre

as S

chle

iche

r, 26

Jul

y 20

12A

chie

vem

ent G

row

th

-2 -1 0 1 2350

643

School performance and socio-economic background United States

Stud

ent p

erfo

rman

ce

AdvantagePISA Index of socio-economic background

Disadvantage

Private school Public school in rural area Public school in urban area

1313H

arva

rd K

enne

dy S

choo

lA

ndre

as S

chle

iche

r, 26

Jul

y 20

12A

chie

vem

ent G

row

th

Changes in performance by type of taskIncrease percentage correct

Multiple-choice - reproducing knowledge

Open-ended - constructing knowledge

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0.81.71.7

6.5

OECD Japan

OECD OECDJapan

Japan

1414H

arva

rd K

enne

dy S

choo

lA

ndre

as S

chle

iche

r, 26

Jul

y 20

12A

chie

vem

ent G

row

th

Policies and practicesLearning climateDisciplineTeacher behaviourParental pressureTeacher-student relationshipsDealing with heterogeneityGrade repetitionPrevalence of trackingExpulsionsAbility grouping

(all subjects)Standards /accountabilityNat. examinationStandardised tests

Policy

System

R

School

R

Equity

E

1515H

arva

rd K

enne

dy S

choo

lA

ndre

as S

chle

iche

r, 26

Jul

y 20

12A

chie

vem

ent G

row

thAverage school systems High performers in PISA

Some students learn at high levels All students learn

at high levels

Uniformity Embracing diversity

Curriculum-centred Learner-centred

Low status of theteaching profession

Countries attract and develop high quality teachers

Prescription Informed profession

Delivered wisdom User-generated wisdom

Provision Outcomes

Bureaucratic look-up Devolved – look outwards

Administrative control and

accountability Professional forms of

work organisation

Standardise distribution of

resources

Attract the most talented teachers to the most challenging classrooms

Management Leadership

Public vs private Public with private

Idiosyncratic reforms Alignment of policies, coherence over time, fidelity of implementation

1616H

arva

rd K

enne

dy S

choo

lA

ndre

as S

chle

iche

r, 26

Jul

y 20

12A

chie

vem

ent G

row

th

Thank you !

Find out more about PISA at… OECD www.pisa.oecd.org

– All national and international publications– The complete micro-level database

Email: [email protected]

…and remember:Without data, you are just another person with an opinion

http://www.pisa.oecd.org/

achievement growth f indings from international comparisons and policy implications

Documents

oecd average

reading literacy scale

achievement growthfindings

high performance

achievement growththis

east asian countries

pisa values

rote learning