active transport - ms. turner's biology classroom...
TRANSCRIPT
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Active Transport
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Active Transport • Requires energy
– in the form of ATP (useful cellular energy)
– movement against the concentration gradient
What does
“against” the
concentration
gradient
mean??
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2 methods of Active Transport 1. Pumps
2. Change in the cell membrane (aka vesicular transport)
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Active Transport Pumps:
• Requires a protein channel called a “pump”
• Requires ATP
• Movement from low concentration to high concentration
– moving up the hill hi concentration
low concentration
• Works in the opposite direction of facilitated diffusion.
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• Energy (by way of ATP) forces materials through a protein in the membrane against concentration gradient.
Active transport pump
You do not need to
understand HOW
this works…just
WHY a cell would
require energy in
order to do this.
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Why Pump?
• Nerve cells need a difference in ions (charge) on either side of the membrane so they can fire.
Which way would the potassium ions (K+)
tend to go? (Would they go into the cell or out of the
cell? How do you know?)
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• A.K.A. “Vesicular Transport” - Used for large substances or large amounts of substances.
• Two types:
– Endocytosis:
• IN to the cell (ENTER)
– Exocytosis:
• OUT of the cell (EXIT)
Change in cell membrane (2nd type of active transport process)
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Change in cell membrane (2nd type of active transport process)
• Endocytosis (IN)
– Takes in (engulfs) large material
• Cell membrane moves in until it encapsulates material, becoming a vesicle.
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Endocytosis: (IN)
–Two types:
•Phagocytosis
•Pinocytosis
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Phagocytosis:
• “Cell Eating”
– Pseudopods engulf material with extensions of the cell membrane.
– E.g. White blood cell taking in foreign material for destruction.
– E.g. Amoeba engulfing a diatom
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Phagocytosis:
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Pinocytosis:
• “Cell Drinking”
–Membrane wraps around a big drop of solution (solute & solvent) and pulls it in.
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Pinocytosis:
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Change in cell membrane (2nd type of active transport process)
• Exocytosis (OUT)
– Vesicle that gets rid of large material
• Vesicle fuses with cell membrane, releasing contents to outside of cell.
– E.g. Waste
– E.g. Digestive enzymes
A goblet cell procedures mucin
which when dissolved in water
is the main component of
mucus. What is the purpose of
mucus?
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RNA
Rough ER
Golgi apparatus
Plasma membrane
Exocytosis: (OUT)
Protein in vesicle
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Figure 7.14 The formation and functions of lysosomes (Layer 1)
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Figure 7.14 The formation and functions of lysosomes (Layer 2)
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Figure 7.14 The formation and functions of lysosomes (Layer 3)
Often
used to
recycle
cell parts
(do NOT need
to know for
test)