FACTS AND FIGURES

PROGNOSIS & TREATMENT

DIAGNOSIS

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML)Acute Myeloid Leukemia is a cancer that begins in the bone marrow, but often moves into the blood. It can then spread to other parts of the body, such as organs and tissues.1

• A diagnosis of AML is usually made with information from a physical exam and blood/bone marrow tests, including complete blood count, blood chemistry study, subtype and a peripheral blood smear.1

• Patients with AML have symptoms including fever, shortness of breath, easy bruising or bleeding, weakness and fatigue, weight loss or loss of appetite and petechiae (flat, pinpoint spots under the skin caused by bleeding).1

• AML is the most common form of leukemia in adults, accounting for approximately a third of all leukemias worldwide. 2,3

• AML patients face the lowest survival rates of all leukemias. Only 1 in 4 adults with AML survive longer than five years.3

• In 2016, it is estimated that there will be 19,950 new cases of AML in the U.S., most being adults.1

• In the United States, the average age of a patient with AML is about 67 years.1

• The current standard of care – a chemotherapy regimen of daunorubicin and cytarabine – was established in the 1970s.6

• Prognosis is poor and many patients relapse within 2 years of receiving treatment.6

• Treatments under clinical investigation include antibody-drug conjugates,7 immunotherapies 8 and selective inhibitors.9

• Although many investigational agents have been studied in AML over the past 30 years, there has been limited success, and patients have been left with very few treatment options.

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1. American Cancer Society. Acute Myeloid Leukemia – Detailed Guide. Available at: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/leukemia-acutemyeloidaml/detailedguide/index. Accessed on April 14, 2016.2. Deschler B et al. Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Epidemiology and Etiology. Cancer. 2006. 2009-2107.3. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2016. Available at: http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@research/documents/document/acspc-047079.pdf Accessed on April 19, 2016.4. World Health Organization. 2014 Review of Cancer Medicines on the WHO List of Essential Medicines. Available at: http://www.who.int/selection_medicines/committees/expert/20/applications/AML_APL.pdf. Accessed on April 21, 2016. 5. National Cancer Institute. Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment–Patient Version (PDQ®). Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-aml-treatment-pdq#link/_1. Accessed on April 14, 2016. 6. Burnett A. Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: are we making progress? American Society of Hematology. Available at: http://asheducationbook.hematologylibrary.org/content/2012/1/1.full.pdf. Accessed on April 19, 2016.7. Trail PA. Antibody Drug Conjugates as Cancer Therapeutics. Antibodies. 2013.8. National Cancer Institute. CAR T-Cell Therapy: Engineering Patients’ Immune Cells to Treat Their Cancers. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/research-updates/2013/CAR-T-Cells. Accessed on April 15, 2016.9. National Cancer Institute. Targeted Cancer Therapies Fact Sheet. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Therapy/targeted. Accessed on April 15, 2016.

REFERENCES

• Possible risk factors for AML include the following: 5

RISK FACTORS!– Being male– Smoking, especially after age 60– Having had treatment with chemotherapy

or radiation therapy in the past– Having had treatment for childhood ALL in the past

– Being exposed to radiation from an atomic bomb or to the chemical benzene

– Having a history of a blood disorder such as myelodysplastic syndrome

In 2012, the worldwide incidence of AML was

estimated to be 351,965.4