a.d. 500 - 1500
DESCRIPTION
MIDDLE AGES. A.D. 500 - 1500. Most Powerful and influential Institution during Middle Ages Brought Order & Unity Functions: 1. Religious - Excommunication 2. Political-Canon Law 3. Economic-Tithe 4. Social- Education. ROLE OF THE CHURCH. CLERGY : - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
A.D. 500 - 1500MIDDLE AGES
ROLE OF THE CHURCH Most Powerful and influential
Institution during Middle Ages Brought Order & Unity Functions:1. Religious-Excommunication2. Political-Canon Law3. Economic-Tithe4. Social-Education
STRUCTURE OF THE CHURCHCLERGY: 1. POPE – head of the Church 2. BISHOPS – leads the Diocese {today there are about 3000 worldwide} 3. PRIESTS – in charge of parish {Deacons assist Priests} {Cardinals are advisors appointed by
the Pope They elect the Pope…}
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE Churches (Cathedrals) were built during Middle Ages starting in 1100 Characteristics: Stained Glass Windows Tall Spires Pointed Arches Ribbed Vaults Flying Buttresses
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
THE CRUSADES Series of Holy Wars between Muslims &
Christians lasting over 300 years Crusaders comprised military units of
Roman Catholics from all over western Europe were not under unified command
Wars took place in the Middle East: Christians vs. Muslims
Main reason – Christians wanted to recover “HOLY LAND” from the Muslims
REASONS FOR THE CRUSADES Regain Holy Land (Palestine) from
Muslims Pope hoped to unite Roman and
Byzantine Christians Sins would be forgiven Gain wealth & land Adventure –excitement & travel Get rid of quarrelsome Knights Serfs wanted to escape
FIRST CRUSADE 1095 -1099 POPE URBAN II calls for “holy war”- take back
control of holy land and help out Byzantines Soldiers recruited from all over Western Europe (France, Germany, Italy, England, Spain) July 15, 1099 Crusaders entered Jerusalem Massacred Jews/Muslims took control of city Muslims surprised by attacks not united under single ruler
RESULTS OF FIRST CRUSADE Crusaders establish Christian states in:*JERUSALEM*ANTIOCH*EDESSA Edessa recaptured by Muslims in 1144
leading to the Second Crusade
SALADIN Unites most of the Muslim world –
Egypt, Syria, North Africa, Mesopotamia July 4, 1187 – defeats Crusader army at
Battle of Hattin October 2, 1187 – Saladin captures
Jerusalem from Christians Loss of Jerusalem leads to Third
Crusade
THIRD CRUSADE (KING’S CRUSADE) 1188-1192 Attempt by England, France, & Germany to
regain Jerusalem Crusaders led by King of England – Richard
The Lionheart Crusaders did win some victories but unable
to recapture Jerusalem Richard & Saladin sign peace treaty –
Muslims controlled city but Christians could freely visit
ADDITIONAL CRUSADES After the Third Crusade there would be
5/6 more attempts by Christians to recapture Jerusalem – all ended in failure
“Holy Land” remained under the control of Muslims until after World War I
Increased Trade & CommerceFruits, carpets, fabrics, perfumes, spices, pepper (all goods from the Middle East) Encouragement of Learning – Greek &
Roman writings {new ideas in Medicine, Science, Literature, Art}
Cultural Diffusion – Islamic Culture Goes West Helped Undermine Feudalism – rise of Kings Religious Hatred – Muslims/Christians
CHANGES IN MEDIEVAL SOCIETY I. AGRICULTURE – climate became
warmer*Used Horses instead of Oxen*Three Field System – rotated crops*Food Production increased*People Lived Longer
CHANGES IN MEDIEVAL SOCIETY II.TRADES:*Development of GUILDS *Made up of workers who did same job*Worked to improve economic/social conditions*Set Standards and Prices/Made Rules
CHANGES IN MEDIEVAL SOCIETY III. FINANCE – COMMERCIAL
REVOLUTION*Expansion of trade and banking*Jews became chief sources of loans*Catholic Church began to form banks
BUBONIC PLAGUE – “BLACK DEATH” Highly Contagious Disease Spread by fleas that lived on rats Became an Epidemic – no cure 1300’s – Began in Asia – carried by
Mongols along Silk Road Italian Traders Bring plague to Europe Spreads Quickly through Europe
EFFECTS OF PLAGUE Population Loss – about 1/3 of
European pop. Trade Declined – prices rose, production
fell Feudalism Declined – peasant revolt Church Suffered – questioned faith Jews were Blamed – persecuted/killed