additional mathematics 2013 - fini
TRANSCRIPT
1
ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
PROJECT WORK 2013
INDEX NUMBERName : Mariam Syafini Bt Mohd Saidi
Class : 5 Al-Khawarizmi
School : Sekolah Menengah Sains Tengku Abdullah, Raub
Teacher : Pn. Faizatul Farah Bt Zulkifli
CONTENT
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
2
NO. TITLE PAGE
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2. OBJECTIVES3. HISTORY OF INDEX
NUMBER4. PART 1
a) Collecting itemsb) Record the items in
tablec) Graphical
Representationsd) Interpreting ,
discussing and drawing conclusions
e) Identifying and reasoning the large price difference
5. PART 2a) Completing the tableb) Calculation of price
indexc) Calculation of
composite indexd) Suggesting and
reasoning
6. PART 37. FURTHER
EXPLORATION8. CONCLUSION
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, a big thanks to Allah to give me strength and good health to complete this project. First and foremost, special thanks I give to my beloved parents, Mohd Saidi Bin Ali and Shimaton Binti Hashim for their strong support. They always help me and also supplying equipments and money needed to complete this project.
I also would like to thank to my Additional Mathematics teacher, Puan Faizatul Farah Binti Zulkifli as she gives us important guides and commitment during this project work. She helps me by giving some examples of last year student’s project. All problems that I had can be solved by my teacher.
Next, a lot of thanks to all my friends for helping me by sharing some ideas and informations regarding this project. We also had made some discussions about this project and try to solve some problems together.
Last but not least, I would like to thank to my beloved sister, Mariam Syafiqah Binti Mohd Saidi for giving some helps about this project. She can helps me a lot as she had done the same project but different title last year. She can guide me on how to make this project complete.
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
4
OBJECTIVES
This project carries aims such as :
Apply and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies to solve routine and non-routine problems.
Experience classroom environments which are challenging, interesting and meaningful and hence improve their thinking skills.
Experience classroom environments where knowledge and skills are applied in meaningful ways in solving real-life problems.
Experience classroom environments where expressing ones mathematical thinking, reasoning and communication are highly encouraged and expected.
Experience classroom environments that stimulates and enhances effective learning.
Acquire effective mathematical communication through oral and writing, and to use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas correctly and precisely.
Enhance acquisition of mathematical knowledge and skills through problem-solving in ways that increases interest and confidence.
Prepare students’ for the demands of their future undertakings and in workplace.
Realise that mathematics is an important and powerful tool in solving real-life problems and hence develop positive attitude towards mathematics.
Train themselves not only to be independent learners but also to collarate, to cooperate, and to share knowledge in an engaging and healthy environment.
Use technology especially the ICT appropriately and effectively. Train themselves to appreciate the intrinsic values of mathematics
and to become more creative and innovative. Realise the importance and the beauty of mathematics.
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
5
HISTORY OF
INDEX NUMBER
Index numbers are meant to study the change in the effects of such factors which cannot be measured directly. According to Bowley, Index numbers are used to measure the changes in some quantity which we cannot observe directly. For example, changes in business activity in a country are not capable of direct measurement but it is possible to study relative changes in business activity by studying the variations in the values of some such factors which affect business activity, and which are capable of direct measurement.
Index numbers are commonly used statistical device for measuring the combined fluctuations in a group related variables. If we wish to compare the pricelevel of consumer items today with that prevalent ten years ago, we are not interested in comparing the prices of only one item, but in comparing some sort of average price levels. We may wish to compare the present agricultural production or industrial production with that at the time of independence. How do we obtain a composite measure? This composite measure is provided by index numbers which may be defined as adevice for combining the variations that have come in group of related variables over a period of time, with a view to obtain a figure that represents the result of the change in the constitute variables.
Index numbers may be classified in terms of the variables that they are intended to measure. In business, different groups of
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
6
variables in the measurement of which index number techniques are commonly used are (i) price, (ii) quantity, (iii) value and (iv) business activity. Thus, we have index of wholesale prices, index of consumer prices, index of industrial output, index of value of exports and index of business activity, etc. Here we shall be mainly interested in index numbers of prices showing changes with respect to time, although methods described can be applied to other cases. In general, the present level of prices is compared with the level of prices in the past. The present period is called the current period and some period in the past is called the base period.
I ndex Numbers
Index numbers are statistical measures designed to show changes in a variable or group of related variables with respect to time, geographic location or other characteristics such as income, profession, etc. A collection of index numbers for different years, locations, etc., is sometimes called an index series.
Simple Index Number :
A simple index number is a number that measures a relative change ina single variable with respect to a base.
Composite Index Number :
A composite index number is a number that measures an averagerelative changes in a group of relative variables with respect to
a base.
Price IndexThe most frequently used form of index numbers is the price index. A price index compares charges in price of edible oils. If an attempt is being made to compare the prices of edible oils this year to the prices of edible oils last year, it involves, firstly, a comparison of two price situations over time and secondly, the heterogeneity of the edible oils given the various varieties of oils. By constructing a price index number, we are summarizing the price movements of each type of oil in this group of edible oils into a single number called the price index.
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
7
TheWhole Price Index (WPI). Consumer Price Index (CPI) are some of the popularly used price indices.
Quantity Index A quantity index measures the changes in quantity from one period to another. If in the above example, instead of the price of edible oils, we are interested in the quantum of production of edible oils in those years, then we arecomparing quantities in two different years or over a period of time. It is thequantity index that needs to be constructed here. The popular quantity index used in this country and elsewhere is the index of industrial production (HP). The index of industrial production measures the increase or decrease in the level of industrial production in a given period compared to some base period.
P
A
R
T Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
8
O
N
E
a) Collecting items
Foods
1. KINDER BUENO
2. MOUNTAIN DEW
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
9
3. TASTO POTATO CHIPS
Detergent
1. DAIA DETERGENT POWDER
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
10
2. COMFORT ULTRA
3. DYNAMO DETERGENT
Stationary
1. G-SOFT MECHANICAL PENCIL
2. UHU GLUE STICK
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
11
3. STABILO EXAM GRADE ERASER
b) Record the items in table
CATEGORY
ITEMS PRICE(RM)
ECONSAVE
COLD STORAG
E
GIANT
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
12
FOOD
1. KINDER BUENO (43g)
3.20 4.10 3.50
2. MOUNTAIN DEW (600ml)
2.89 3.30 3.29
3. TASTO POTATO CHIPS (13g)
3.50 3.70 3.62
TOTAL PRICE
9.59 11.10 10.41
TABLE A ( FOOD )
CATEGORY ITEMS PRICE(RM)
ECONSAVE
COLD STORAG
E
GIANT
1. DAIA
13.99 14.20 13.7
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
13
DETERGENT
02.
COMFORT ULTRA
7.99 8.20 7.60
3. DYNAMO
12.99 13.20 12.70
TOTAL PRICE
34.97 35.60 34.00
TABLE B ( DETERGENT )
CATEGORY ITEMS PRICE(RM)
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
14
ECONSAVE
COLD STORAG
E
GIANT
STATIONARY
1. G-SOFT
MECHANICAL PENCIL
2.10 2.50 2.20
2. UHU GLUE STICK 1.50 2.00 1.603. STABILO
EXAM GRADE ERASER
1.00 1.20 0.80
TOTAL PRICE
4.60 5.70 5.60
TABLE C ( STATIONARY )
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
15
c) Graphical Representations
FOOD CATEGORY
KINDER BUENO MOUNTAIN DEW TASTO POTATO CHIPS
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
GIANTCOLD STORAGEECONSAVE
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
16
DETERGENT CATEGORY
DAIA COMFORT ULTRA DYNAMO0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
GIANTCOLD STORAGEECONSAVE
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
17
STATIONARY CATEGORY
G-SOFT MECHAN-ICAL PENCIL
UHU GLUE STICK STABILO EXAM GRADE ERASER
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
GIANTCOLD STORAGEECONSAVE
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
18
OVERALL TOTAL
TOTAL PRICE ITEMS ACCORDING SHOPS
GIANTCOLD STORAGEECONSAVE
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
19
d) Interpreting, discussing and drawing conclusions
Based on the graphical representations that I have constructed in Part 1(c), there are large and small price difference between the three items in each category. The items are sold in three different shops which are categorised as Shop A, Shop B and Shop C. The shops are Econsave Supermarket, Giant Supermarket, Cold Storage Supermarket.
According to the food category, the largest price differenceseen is the Tasto Potato Chips while the smallest price difference seen is the Mountain Dew. Moreover, based on the detergent category, the largest price difference seen is Daia Detergent Powder while the two others can be categorised as the small price difference. Then, in the stationary category, the largest price difference seen is G-Soft Mechanical Pencil while the smallest price difference seen is Stabilo Exam Grade Eraser.
Lastly, I will compare the total price for each category. For the food category the highest total price is the items sold in the Cold Storage Supermarket while the lowest total price is the items sold in the Econsave Supermarket. For the detergent category, the highest total price is also the items sold in the Cold Storage Supermarket while the lowest total price is the items sold in the Giant Supermarket. Based on the last category which is stationary, the highest total price and the smallest total price is the items sold in the same shops as the in the food category.
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
20
e) Identifying and reasoning the large price difference
Based on the graphical representations that I have constructed in Part 1(c), there are large and small price difference between the three items in each category. The items are sold in three different shops which are categorised as Shop A, Shop B and Shop C. The shops are Econsave Supermarket, Giant Supermarket, Cold Storage Supermarket.
According to the food category, the largest price differenceseen is the Tasto Potato Chips while the smallest price difference seen is the Mountain Dew. Moreover, based on the detergent category, the largest price difference seen is Daia Detergent Powder while the two others can be categorised as the small price difference. Then, in the stationary category, the largest price difference seen is G-Soft Mechanical Pencil while the smallest price difference seen is Stabilo Exam Grade Eraser.
As for conclusions, there are many reasons based on the largest and smallest price difference. One of it is the the quality and the size of the items. Usually the better quality may come with expensive price also the
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
21
items that is in bigger size. The other reasons that I can conclude is that the place where the shops are located. For example, the Cold Storage Supermarket is usually located in a luxurious shopping complex such as in the Mid Valley Megamall. Then, the price of most of items may come with quite expensive price.
P
A
R
T Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
22
T
W
Oa) Completing the table
Items(for 10 packets of Nasi Lemak)
Quantity Price in the year
2012(RM)
Price in the year
2013(RM)
I
For the flavoured rice :
Rice 1 kg 2.70 3.20Santan 150 g 1.40 2.20Onion 10 g 0.15 0.30Ginger 10 g 0.15 0.40Salt 2 g 0.05 0.15
II
For the Sambal :
Red Onion 10 g 0.05 0.15Garlic 5 g 0.04 0.10Dried Chillies 100 g 1.00 1.20Ikan Bilis 200 g 2.00 2.50
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
23
Cooking Oil 100 g 0.25 0.50
III
Miscellaneous :
Fried groundnuts 200 g 0.50 0.80Fried crispy Ikan Bilis 150 g 1.50 2.20Cucumber 200 g 0.20 0.605 Eggs 300 g 1.50 2.00Banana leaves (1 bundle)
300 g 1.00 1.80
b) Calculation of price index
The table below shows the price index for each of the items for the year 2013 based on the year 2012.
By using formula, I = Q1Q0 X 100 ,
where Q1 - Price in the year 2013 Q0 - Price in the year 2012
Items(for 10 packets of Nasi
Price in the year
Price in the year
Price Index
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013
24
Lemak) 2012(RM) 2013(RM)For the flavoured rice :Rice 2.70 3.20
Santan 1.40 2.20
Onion 0.15 0.30
Ginger 0.15 0.40
Salt 0.05 0.15
For the Sambal :Red Onion 0.05 0.15
Garlic 0.04 0.10
Dried Chillies 1.00 1.20
Ikan Bilis 2.00 2.50
Cooking Oil 0.25 0.50
Miscellaneous :Fried groundnuts 0.50 0.80
Fried crispy Ikan Bilis 1.50 2.20
Cucumber 0.20 0.60
5 Eggs 1.50 2.00
Banana leaves (1 bundle)
1.00 1.80
Total Price 12.34
Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013