adhesive capsulitiselpaso.ttuhsc.edu/cme/_documents/frozen-shoulder-wright.pdf• 1. describe the...

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Adhesive Capsulitis Justin Wright, M.D. Associate Professor Director, Sports Medicine Fellowship Director, Family Medicine Residency Department of Family and Community Medicine Paul L. Foster School of Medicine

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Page 1: Adhesive Capsulitiselpaso.ttuhsc.edu/cme/_documents/Frozen-Shoulder-Wright.pdf• 1. Describe the pathophysiology of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) • 2. Describe the physical

Adhesive Capsulitis

Justin Wright, M.D.

Associate ProfessorDirector, Sports Medicine FellowshipDirector, Family Medicine Residency

Department of Family and Community MedicinePaul L. Foster School of Medicine

Page 2: Adhesive Capsulitiselpaso.ttuhsc.edu/cme/_documents/Frozen-Shoulder-Wright.pdf• 1. Describe the pathophysiology of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) • 2. Describe the physical

Objectives

• 1. Describe the pathophysiology of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)

• 2. Describe the physical exam findings in a patient with Frozen Shoulder

• 3. Describe the treatment options for a patient with Frozen Shoulder

Page 3: Adhesive Capsulitiselpaso.ttuhsc.edu/cme/_documents/Frozen-Shoulder-Wright.pdf• 1. Describe the pathophysiology of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) • 2. Describe the physical

Frozen Shoulder

• Painful, stiff shoulder• Vague, nonspecific terminology• Many etiologies

– Full and partial rotator tear– Calcific tendinitis– Glenohumeral/acromioclavicular arthritis– Cervical Radiculopathy

Page 4: Adhesive Capsulitiselpaso.ttuhsc.edu/cme/_documents/Frozen-Shoulder-Wright.pdf• 1. Describe the pathophysiology of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) • 2. Describe the physical

Adhesive Capsulitis

• Chronic inflammation of the capsule subsynovial layer– Capsular thickening– Fibrosis– Adherence of the capsule to itself and anterior neck of the humerus

• Pain and mechanical restraint to motion

Page 5: Adhesive Capsulitiselpaso.ttuhsc.edu/cme/_documents/Frozen-Shoulder-Wright.pdf• 1. Describe the pathophysiology of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) • 2. Describe the physical

Pathology• Exact pathogenesis is unknown• Secondary adhesive capsulitis

– Trauma or surgery• Primary (idiopathic) predisposing 

factors– Diabetes (I or II)

• Prevalence increases with longer duration of diabetes

– Thyroid disease– Parkinson’s– Hypoadrenalism– Cardiac disease– Stroke J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2011;19: 536‐542

Page 6: Adhesive Capsulitiselpaso.ttuhsc.edu/cme/_documents/Frozen-Shoulder-Wright.pdf• 1. Describe the pathophysiology of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) • 2. Describe the physical

Natural History• Four Stages

– Painful stage• Insidious onset• Nonspecific

– Freezing stage• Progressively worsening 

glenohumeral motion– Frozen stage

• Active and passive glenohumeral ROM restriction

• Minimal pain – Thawing stage

• Absence of pain• Improved ROM

. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011 Apr;20(3):502‐14.

Page 7: Adhesive Capsulitiselpaso.ttuhsc.edu/cme/_documents/Frozen-Shoulder-Wright.pdf• 1. Describe the pathophysiology of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) • 2. Describe the physical

Clinical Presentation

• Poorly localized pain– If localized, usually in anterior and posterior capsule, radiating to biceps

• Progressive pain and stiffness• Impairment in sleep

Page 8: Adhesive Capsulitiselpaso.ttuhsc.edu/cme/_documents/Frozen-Shoulder-Wright.pdf• 1. Describe the pathophysiology of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) • 2. Describe the physical

Clinical Presentation

• Physical examination– Loss of active and passive ROM

• Best appreciated on passive external rotation

– Increased compensatory scapulothoracic motion– Tenderness at deltoid insertion and anterior/posterior capsule with deep palpation

Page 9: Adhesive Capsulitiselpaso.ttuhsc.edu/cme/_documents/Frozen-Shoulder-Wright.pdf• 1. Describe the pathophysiology of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) • 2. Describe the physical

Imaging

• X‐rays typically normal– May show osteopenia of the humeral head and neck

Flickr.com

Page 10: Adhesive Capsulitiselpaso.ttuhsc.edu/cme/_documents/Frozen-Shoulder-Wright.pdf• 1. Describe the pathophysiology of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) • 2. Describe the physical

Imaging

• MRI– Thickening of the dependent portion of the capsule

– Scarring of the rotator interval

• Located between subscapularis and supraspinatus

J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2013 Dec;57(6):633‐43.

Page 11: Adhesive Capsulitiselpaso.ttuhsc.edu/cme/_documents/Frozen-Shoulder-Wright.pdf• 1. Describe the pathophysiology of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) • 2. Describe the physical

Treatment

• Condition is self‐limited– Though may take months to years to resolve

• Anti‐inflammatory medication – NSAIDs, oral corticosteroids

• Physical Therapy

Page 12: Adhesive Capsulitiselpaso.ttuhsc.edu/cme/_documents/Frozen-Shoulder-Wright.pdf• 1. Describe the pathophysiology of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) • 2. Describe the physical

Treatment

• Corticosteroid injection– Glenohumeral– Not effective in 3rd and 4th stages

• Hydrodilatation• Invasive procedures

– Manipulation under anesthesia– Capsular release

Page 13: Adhesive Capsulitiselpaso.ttuhsc.edu/cme/_documents/Frozen-Shoulder-Wright.pdf• 1. Describe the pathophysiology of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) • 2. Describe the physical

Questions?

Page 14: Adhesive Capsulitiselpaso.ttuhsc.edu/cme/_documents/Frozen-Shoulder-Wright.pdf• 1. Describe the pathophysiology of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) • 2. Describe the physical

Sources• Ewald A. Adhesive capsulitis: a review. Am FamPhysician. Feb 15 2011;83(4):417‐422.

• Harris G, Bou‐Haidar P, Harris C. Adhesive capsulitis: Review of imaging and treatment. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2013 Dec;57(6):633‐43.

• Hsu JE, Anakwenze OA, Warrender WJ, Abboud JA. Current review of adhesive capsulitis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011 Apr;20(3):502‐14.

• Neviaser AS, Neviaser RJ. Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2011;19: 536‐542