adjectives, nouns & prepositions
TRANSCRIPT
-
5/28/2018 Adjectives, Nouns & Prepositions
1/12
ADJECTIVES
NOTA: We usually use no more than three adjectives preceding a noun. Biasanya kita tidak
menggunakan lebih dari tiga adjectives untuk menerangkan sesuatu nouns dalam ayat itu.
Opinion Dimension Shape Age Color Origin Material
1. Opinion/ Pandangan / Pendapat
Contoh: an interestingbook, a boringlecture
2. Dimension / Dimensi / Saiz
Contoh: a big apple, a thin wallet
3.Shape / Bentuk
Contoh: a squarebox, an ovalmask, a roundball
4. Age / Umur / Usia
Contoh: a newcar, a modernbuilding, an ancientruin
-
5/28/2018 Adjectives, Nouns & Prepositions
2/12
5. Colour / Warna
Contoh: a pinkhat, a bluebook, a blackcoat
6. Origin/ Asal
Contoh: some Italianshoes, a Peraktown, a Malaysian car
7. Material / Bahan
Contoh: a woodenbox, a woolensweater, a plasticto
Adjectives
1. Adjectives are words that tell us more about people, animals, placesand things.Examples
a. Samy is a tallboy. (talltells us about Samy)b. That thickbook is very heavy. (thicktells us about the book)c. Wildanimals are kept in cages in the zoo. (wildtells us about the animals)d. Dollah's grandfather is busy. (busytells us about Dollah's grandfather)
-
5/28/2018 Adjectives, Nouns & Prepositions
3/12
2. We can also use adjectives to compare people, animals, places and things. There are threedegrees of comparison: positive, comparative and superlative.
The positiveform of the adjective is used when no comparison is made.
Examples
a. She is a smartgirl.b. He is a fastrunner.c. The cat is a quietanimal.
The positiveform is also used when comparing two persons or things that are similar or equal.
Examples
a. We are as slow asthe other group.b. She is as kind asher father.c. Thomas is as hungry ashis uncle
The comparativeform is used when two unequal persons, places or things are compared.The comparative form of many adjectives is formed by adding-erto the adjective followed by the word'than'.
Examples
a. He is older thanmy father.b. I amtaller thanmy sister.c. They areyounger thanI am.
The comparativeform of some adjectives is formed using 'more + adjective + than'.
Examples
a. This problem is more difficult thanthat.b. My book is more interesting thanyours.c. She ismore hardworking than her brother.
The superlativeform is used when three or more persons, places or things are compared.The superlativeform of many adjectives is formed by adding estto the adjective. We mustuse thebefore the adjective.
Examples
a. This is the shortest way to the post office.b. The 'Kancil' isthe smallestcar in Malaysia.c. Malek is the strongestboy in his class.
The superlativeform of some adjectives is formed by adding mostbefore the adjective.
-
5/28/2018 Adjectives, Nouns & Prepositions
4/12
Examples
a. Harlina is the most beautiful girl in my village.b. Tan isthe most hard-working boy in the school.c. Chun Chong is the most disobedientpupil in class.
Note: The spelling of some adjectives changes completely when they are used in the
comparative and superlative degrees.LIST OF ADJECTIVES IN THE DIFFERENT DEGREES OF COMPARISON
Positive Comparative Superlative
active
badbeautiful
big
black
bright
cleanclever
confused
cruel
darkdifficult
dirtyfascinatingfamous
far
fast
fat
fiercegenerous
good
graceful
greathandsome
hard-working
happy
more active
worsemore beautiful
bigger
blacker
brighter
cleanercleverer
more confused
crueler
darkermore difficult
dirtiermore fascinatingmore famous
farther/further
faster
fatter
fiercermore generous
better
more graceful
greatermore handsome
more hard-working
happier
the most active
the worstthe most beautiful
the biggest
the blackest
the brightest
the cleanestthe cleverest
the most confused
the cruellest
the darkestthe most difficult
the dirtiestthe most fascinatingthe most famous
the farthest/furthest
the fastest
the fattest
the fiercestthe most generous
the best
the most graceful
the greatestthe most handsome
the most hard-working
the happiest
-
5/28/2018 Adjectives, Nouns & Prepositions
5/12
heavy
important
kind
latelight
littlelong
old
poor
proud
quietresponsible
rich
sadsharp
short
simple
slowsmall
strangestrong
tall
thinugly
weak
wise
young
heavier
more important
kinder
laterlighter
lesslonger
older
poorerprouder
quieter
more responsible
richer
sadder
sharpershorter
more simple
slowersmaller
strangerstronger
taller
thinneruglier
weaker
wiser
younger
the heaviest
the most important
the kindest
the latestthe lightest
the leastthe longest
the oldest
the poorest
the proudest
the quietestthe most responsible
the richest
the saddest
the sharpest
the shortest
the most simplethe slowest
the smallest
the strangestthe strongest
the tallestthe thinnest
the ugliest
the weakestthe wisest
the youngest
-
5/28/2018 Adjectives, Nouns & Prepositions
6/12
Nouns
Determines
Determinersare used to tell us the amount or number of nouns.
Some determiners are used for countable nouns and others for uncountables nouns.
Certain determiners can be used for both countable and uncountable nouns.
1. Determiners for countable nounsA few, several, many, a small number of, a large number of
Examples
a. There area few boxes of chocolates in the cupboard.b. There are severalpupils in the classroom.c. He bought manybooks for his nephews.d. Only a small number ofworkers were at the meeting.e. A large number of people came for the show.
2. Determiners for uncountable nounsA little, much, a small amount of, a large amount of, less
Examples
a. There is onlya littlewater left.b. She did not put muchsugar in the coffee.c. We havea small amount of curry left.d. They want a large amount ofpaper.e. There is lesssalt in this food.
3. Determiners for both countableanduncountable nounsA lot of, plenty of, any, some, more
Examples
a. We needa lot of food at the party. (food = uncountable noun)b. There were a lot ofsoldiers at the show. (soldiers = countable noun)c. We have plenty ofwater in the well. (water = uncountable noun)d. They have plenty ofstorybooks to read. (storybooks = countable noun)e. There isn't anyoil left in the pan. (oil = uncountable noun)
-
5/28/2018 Adjectives, Nouns & Prepositions
7/12
f. There aren't anychairs left in the room. (chairs = countable noun)g. Harith has somebutter left on his plate. (butter = uncountable noun)h. I need somegirls to help me. (girls = countable noun)i. Mary wants moresand for the playground. (sand = uncountable noun)j. There are moreplates in the cupboard. (plates = countable noun)
Nouns
Nounsare words that refer to people, animals, places and things.
Common nounsare names given to people, animals, places and things.
Examples
a. peopleman, boy, girl, husband, uncle, niece, king, princessb. animalscat, tiger, ant, eagle, shark, monkey, turtlec. placesschool, field, cinema, house, zood. thingsumbrella, knife, cup, table, book
Proper nounsare names given to people and places.
Examples
a. peopleRashid, Helen, Hui Woon.b. placesBukit Jalil Sports Complex, K.L. Tower, London Bridge, Eiffel Towerc. countries and citiesThe United Kingdom, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Countable nounsare nouns that can be counted.
Examples
one boy twenty oranges six horses twelve candles
Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted.
-
5/28/2018 Adjectives, Nouns & Prepositions
8/12
Examples
sand oil hair air water rice
Prepositions
Prepositions are words that we use before nouns or pronouns.
There are prepositions of directions, time, placeand position.
I. Prepositions of direction
Daud is walking upthe stairs. Adrian is running downthe stairs.
-
5/28/2018 Adjectives, Nouns & Prepositions
9/12
The bird flew in throughthe window. Tim jumped overthe fence.
They walked alongthe row of houses. She has returned fromtown.
I am walking toschool. Richard came intothe room.
My brother is taking offhis shirt, The taxi went pastthe mosque.
The boys ran acrossthe road. They are running roundthe tree.
II. Prepositions of time
-
5/28/2018 Adjectives, Nouns & Prepositions
10/12
In
Examples
a. Jalil wasborn in198
6.
b. Theholidays
will
be inDecem
ber.
c. We leaveforPenang ina
week's time.
d. We go toschool inth
e morning.
AtExamples
a. We willmeet my
father atni
ght.
b. The classbegan atth
ree o'clock.
c. Atwhattime is he
leaving?
On
Examples
-
5/28/2018 Adjectives, Nouns & Prepositions
11/12
a. Malaysia gained independence on31 August 1957.b. He goes swimming onTuesday.c. Onwhat day is Deepavali?
During
Examples
a. We will visit our grandfather duringthe holidays.b. It is cool duringthe night.c. We had a quiz duringour History class yesterday.
ForExamples
a. The football team trained fora month.b. We lived in Subang Jaya forthree years.c. They will be in America fora fortnight.
SinceExamples
a. He has been studying in Australia since2002.b. Farouk has not written to me sinceJanuary.c. There was been no rain sincelast month.d. We have not played football sinceSalim left ourkampung.
III. Prepositions of time
-
5/28/2018 Adjectives, Nouns & Prepositions
12/12
The book is onthe chair. The ball is underthe table.
The fan is abovethe boy. The cat is betweenthe three and the car.
The boy is besidethe car. Haiqal sits nexttoHarjit in class.
The walking stick is againstthe wall.The teacher is standing amonghis
pupils.
There is a kitten inthe box. The spoon is nearthe bowl.