Adobe PhotoshopElements and Design

Introducing Adobe Photoshop

Photographs provide visual interest and information for a variety of publications and products, including magazines, newspapers, catalogs.

Photographs placed in documents should follow the PARC design principles:

Proximity: Related items should be grouped close together. This provides the viewer with a visual cue that this items are similar and should be treated as a group.

Alignment: Every visual element on a page should have some kind of connection to at least one other element. Nothing should be positioned haphazardly.

Repetition: Common elements, such as colors, graphics, layout styles, and so on, should be repeated to give a consistent look and feel to a page.

Contrast: The idea of contrast is to make dis-similar elements very different. Contrast is one of the most powerful visual design tools.

Add Photographs to Publications

Chapter 5

Introducing Adobe Photoshop

Chapter

Foundations

Raster Graphics Raster graphics are digital images made up of thousands of tiny

squares called pixels.What Is Resolution?

Vector images are scalable, meaning they can be resized without any loss of image clarity, or resolution.

raster graphics

Digital images made up of pixels.

pixel

The smallest square of color in an image.

scalable

The ability to be resized without any loss of image clarity.

resolution

Image clarity.

Explore Raster Graphics

Foundations

Resizing Raster Images Raster images are not scalable. When they are enlarged, the

images look either blurry or pixelated.What are Raster File Formats?

The table on page 200 lists file formats for raster images. The file name extension shows the file’s format.

What is a Pixel?• A pixel is a picture element, the smallest square of color in an

image.

pixelated

The visibility of individual pixels in an image.

file name extension

The letters displayed after a file name.

Explore Raster Graphics

Explore Raster Graphics

Assessment

Which of the following images has the highest resolution?

Answer: B

Explanation: The image with the greatest dpi has the highest resolution.

A. 72 dpi

B. 400 dpi

C. 300 dpi

D. 150 dpi

Toolbox

Workspace The workspace is the area that will be printed when the work is

published. Images are placed on the workspace.Palettes

A palette displays a variety of tools for particular actions, such as adding color or working with layers.

Options bar The Options bar displays different options depending upon the

tool being applied.

palette

A feature of Photoshop that displays a variety of tools for particular actions.

The Photoshop Interface

The Photoshop Interface

Assessment

How do you move the workspace in Photoshop?

Answer: B

Explanation: Clicking and dragging the Title bar will move the workspace in Photoshop.

A. by clicking and dragging the Title bar

B. by clicking and dragging the menu bar

C. by clicking and dragging the Options bar

D. by clicking and dragging the palette

Select Objects

Selection Tools Marquee tools allow a user to select elliptical, rectangular, and

other standard shapes in an object. Lasso tools are used to select irregular or unusual shapes such

as polygons. Anchor points are created by clicking on a selection tool.

marquee

A dotted line that shows the area that is selected.

polygonA multisided geometric figure.

anchor pointThe beginning of a new line segment.

Add Layers

Layers in the Layers palette, layers can be rearranged in any order. Some layers are opaque. The greater the opacity of a layer, the

greater its transparency. Apply Blending Modes

Blending modes control the way the pixels on one layer blend with the pixels in underlying layers

Hue and Saturation Using the Hue and Saturation command, a user can change the

hue and saturation of an image.

opaque

The inability to see through layer.

opacity

The level of transparency of a layer.

blending modes

A tool that controls the way pixels on one layer blend with pixels in underlying layers.

hue

The color of an image.

saturation

The intensity of the color of an image.

Apply a Mask

Working with Layers Layers can be edited independently of each other. Layers can also be masked. A mask is a hides specific areas of

an image.

mask

A feature that hides specific areas of an image.

Retouch a Photo

Apply the Clone Stamp Tool Using the Clone Stamp tool is an effective way to retouch a

photograph. To clone is to copy a range of pixels and paste the pixels into another location.

Adjust Color In Photoshop, a user can change the histogram settings to

correct color in a photograph.

retouch

To fix a photograph.

cloneTo copy a range of pixels and paste the pixels into another location.

histogramA graph that shows the number of pixels for each color and tone in an image.

Create a Photo Montage

Highlight When creating an illustration, details like highlights and

shadows make the picture more realistic.Montage

In a montage, separate images combine to create a new image. A montage sometimes has a vignette, or a border that fades

into the background. To flatten is to merge all layers of an image into one layer.

highlight

An area where light is reflected off a surface.

montageThe combination of separate images to create a new image.

vignetteA border that fades into the background.

flattenTo merge all layers into one.

Create Effects and Images with Filters

Filters Many interesting images can be created by using filters. Many of Photoshop’s filters can be previewed in the Filter

Gallery.

filter

A tool that can create effects such as distortions, texture, blurs, and others. (pg. 234)

Take a Digital Photograph

Megapixels A megapixel is a unit that contains over one million pixels. The higher the number of megapixels, the sharper the

photograph.Optical Zoom

Professional cameras use an optical zoom, which uses lenses inside the camera to magnify the subject without losing image quality.

Single Lens Reflex In single lens reflex cameras, a photographer can look through

the viewfinder and see the exact image that will be captured by the camera.

megapixel

A unit that contains over one million pixels.

optical zoomA camera feature that uses lenses to magnify the image.

single lens reflexA type of camera that allows an accurate view of an image through the lens.

Different applications (programs) store data in different formats. Applications support some file formats and not others.

Open…, Save…, Save as…, Import…, Export…, Place...

File formats appear as a (usually) 3 letter suffix or “extension” after the name of the file, e.g., .psd, .doc, .jpg, .pct, .tif, .gif, .ppt, etc.

MacIntosh does not require the file extension after the name, but Windows does. On the Mac choose “append file extension” for easier communication across platforms.

Adobe File Formats

format

Style of data storage

SaveSave As. . . Save a Copy. . .Save as Template. . . Save for Web. . .Adobe Photoshop can save files in the following basic formats:

.ai — Adobe Illustrator, its “native” format

.pdf — Adobe Portable Document Format

.ait — Adobe Illustrator Template

.eps — Illustrator Encapsulated PostScript

.svg — Scalable Vector Graphics

.svgz — SVG compressed

As well as a number of Web compatible formats (.gif, .jpeg, .png-8, .png-24, .swf, .svg., .wbmp)

Adobe File Formats

TIFFTagged Image File Format

• Widely used cross platform file format also designed for printing.

• A bitmap image format.• TIFF supports lossless LZW compression which also

makes it a good archive format for Photoshop documents.

LZW Compression

An algorithm used to remove data from an image and decrease its size

GIFGraphics Interchange Format

• Industry standard graphic format for on-screen viewing through the Internet and Web. Not meant to be used for printing.

• The best format for all images except scanned photographic images (use JPEG for these).

• GIF supports lossless LZW compression.

JPEGJoint Photographic Experts Group

• Preferred format for scanned photographic images for use over the internet or Web. Not meant for printing.

• Not good for images with a lot of solid color, vector drawings, type, or line art or images with “Web-safe” colors.

• JPEG compression is losses image integrity! Save and archive the original before converting to JPEG.