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We tend to take many things in life for granted, including life itself. Often we wait till serious illnesses or accidents strike before we start to think about life and death issues. To die naturally, in peace and with dignity is what many would want in their nal moments. While medical advancement may help prolong life articially, it cannot stop the dying process. Making early choices about our medical care in the event that we have a terminal illness and are unable to make our wishes known will spare our loved ones the difcult decisions that have to be made on our behalf. The choice to plan for the journey ahead is now yours to make. Making an AMD An AMD is a legal document that you sign in advance to inform your doctor that you do not want the use of any life-sustaining treatment to prolong your life in the event you become terminally ill or unconscious. “Terminal illness” is dened in the Act as an incurable condition caused by injury or disease from which there is no reasonable prospect of a temporary or permanent recovery. In such conditions, death is imminent even if extraordinary life-sustaining treatment is used and would only serve to postpone the moment of death for the patient. An example of an extraordinary life-sustaining treatment is the respirator that is connected to a patient to assist him/her to breathe. It serves only to articially prolong the life of a terminally ill patient. Any person, aged 21 and above, and of sound mind, can make an AMD. All you have to do is to ll up an AMD form, sign it in the presence of two witnesses, before returning it to the registrar of AMDs. The required form (Form 1) can be found at the back of the AMD booklet “What you should know”, which you can get at medical clinics, polyclinics and hospitals. Alternatively, you can also download the AMD form online at http://www.moh.gov. sg/amdform 6. Is the AMD a type of euthanasia or mercy killing? No, AMD is NOT euthanasia or mercy killing, which is the deliberate ending of a person’s life when he is suffering from an incurable and painful disease by unnatural means. On the contrary, the AMD Act is explicitly against euthanasia. 7. If I change my mind about an AMD which I have made earlier, can I revoke it? You can revoke the AMD at any time by lling a revocation form in the presence of at least one witness before submitting it to the Registrar of AMDs. Alternatively, the person or his witness could write a simple letter to the Registrar of AMD indicating the patient’s intent to revoke his/her AMD. Frequently Asked Questions 1. How much does it cost to make an AMD? Making of an AMD is free. However, you may need to pay the doctor a consultation fee as he is required to explain the AMD to you and act as your witness. 2. Can I make an AMD if I do not have a terminal illness? Should I inform my family? You can make an AMD even when you are well and healthy. You may wish to inform your family of your plan. If you do not wish to, you can still go ahead to make an AMD. It will remain condential until you wish to inform someone. 3. Who can be a witness? The rst witness must be a doctor, preferably the patient’s family doctor. The second witness must be a person who is at least 21 years old. Both witnesses must not have any vested interests in the patient’s death. If the witnesses are relatives, they should not have any vested interest in the patient’s death. 4. Can a doctor refuse to witness an AMD? A doctor, who for any reason objects to the AMD and registers his objection with the Registrar, can refuse to witness the signing of an AMD. You may wish to approach another doctor to make your AMD. 5. How can we be sure that nobody, including the illiterate, is misled into signing an AMD? It is the doctor’s responsibility to explain and discuss the matter with the person and to ensure he/she fully understands the AMD before it is signed. No one can be forced to sign the AMD. Forcing or misleading another person into signing an AMD is an offence punishable under the law. Advance Medical Directive Life is a Delicate Balancing Act, plan ahead to ease burdens on your loved ones and prepare well for life’s journey Arahan Awal Perubatan

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We tend to take many things in life for granted, including life itself.

Often we wait till serious illnesses or accidents strike before we start to think about life and death issues. To die naturally, in peace and with dignity is what many would want in their fi nal moments.

While medical advancement may help prolong life artifi cially, it cannot stop the dying process. Making early choices about our medical care in the event that we have a terminal illness and are unable to make our wishes known will spare our loved ones the diffi cult decisions that have to be made on our behalf.

The choice to plan for the journey ahead is now yours to make.

Making an AMD An AMD is a legal document that you sign in advance to inform your doctor that you do not want the use of any life-sustaining treatment to prolong your life in the event you become terminally ill or unconscious.

“Terminal illness” is defi ned in the Act as an incurable condition caused by injury or disease from which there is no reasonable prospect of a temporary or permanent recovery. In such conditions, death is imminent even if extraordinary life-sustaining treatment is used and would only serve to postpone the moment of death for the patient. An example of an extraordinary life-sustaining treatment is the respirator that is connected to a patient to assist him/her to breathe. It serves only to artifi cially prolong the life of a terminally ill patient.

Any person, aged 21 and above, and of sound mind, can make an AMD. All you have to do is to fi ll up an AMD form, sign it in the presence of two witnesses, before returning it to the registrar of AMDs. The required form (Form 1) can be found at the back of the AMD booklet “What you should know”, which you can get at medical clinics, polyclinics and hospitals. Alternatively, you can also download the AMD form online at http://www.moh.gov.sg/amdform

6. Is the AMD a type of euthanasia or mercy killing?

No, AMD is NOT euthanasia or mercy killing, which is the deliberate ending of a person’s life when he is suffering from an incurable and painful disease by unnatural means. On the contrary, the AMD Act is explicitly against euthanasia.

7. If I change my mind about an AMD which I have made earlier, can I revoke it?

You can revoke the AMD at any time by fi lling a revocation form in the presence of at least one witness before submitting it to the Registrar of AMDs. Alternatively, the person or his witness could write a simple letter to the Registrar of AMD indicating the patient’s intent to revoke his/her AMD.

Frequently Asked Questions1. How much does it cost to make an AMD?

Making of an AMD is free. However, you may need to pay the doctor a consultation fee as he is required to explain the AMD to you and act as your witness.

2. Can I make an AMD if I do not have a terminal illness? Should I inform my family?

You can make an AMD even when you are well and healthy. You may wish to inform your family of your plan. If you do not wish to, you can still go ahead to make an AMD. It will remain confi dential until you wish to inform someone.

3. Who can be a witness?

The fi rst witness must be a doctor, preferably the patient’s family doctor. The second witness must be a person who is at least 21 years old.

Both witnesses must not have any vested interests in the patient’s death. If the witnesses are relatives, they should not have any vested interest in the patient’s death.

4. Can a doctor refuse to witness an AMD?

A doctor, who for any reason objects to the AMD and registers his objection with the Registrar, can refuse to witness the signing of an AMD. You may wish to approach another doctor to make your AMD.

5. How can we be sure that nobody, including the illiterate, is misled into signing an AMD?

It is the doctor’s responsibility to explain and discuss the matter with the person and to ensure he/she fully understands the AMD before it is signed. No one can be forced to sign the AMD. Forcing or misleading another person into signing an AMD is an offence punishable under the law.

Advance Medical Directive

Life is a Delicate Balancing Act, plan ahead to ease burdens on your loved ones and prepare well for life’s journey

Arahan Awal Perubatan

For further queries, please contact:

Registry of Advance Medical DirectivesMinistry of Health, SingaporeCollege of Medicine Building

16 College Road, Singapore 169854

Tel: (65) 6325 9136Fax: (65) 6325 9212

Internet Email: [email protected]

Kita sering mengambil mudah tentang banyak perkara dalam kehidupan.

Seringkali, kita menanti sehingga penyakit atau kemalangan serius berlaku sebelum kita mula berfi kir tentang isu-isu kehidupan dan kematian. Ramai orang ingin meninggal dunia secara semula jadi dengan tenang dan aman pada saat-saat akhir hidup mereka.

Kemajuan dalam bidang perubatan mungkin dapat memanjangkan hayat kita secara bukan semula jadi, namun ia tidak boleh menghentikan proses kematian. Membuat pilihan awal mengenai penjagaan perubatan kita sekiranya kita menghidapi penyakit yang membawa maut dan sekiranya kita tidak berupaya untuk memaklumkan keinginan kita, dapat meringankan beban orang yang disayangi untuk membuat keputusan bagi diri kita.

Pilihan untuk merancang perjalanan hari muka anda kini berada di tangan anda.

Membuat Arahan Awal Perubatan (AMD) AMD ialah dokumen undang-undang yang ditandatangani dari awal bagi memaklumkan kepada doktor anda mengenai keinginan anda untuk tidak menggunakan sebarang rawatan yang melanjutkan nyawa bagi memanjangkan kehidupan anda sekiranya anda menghidapi penyakit yang membawa maut atau tidak sedarkan diri.

“Penyakit yang membawa maut” ditakrifkan dalam Akta ini sebagai satu keadaan yang tidak boleh disembuhkan yang disebabkan oleh kecederaan atau penyakit di mana tidak ada harapan untuk sembuh buat sementara atau selama-lamanya. Dalam keadaan sedemikian, kematian tidak dapat dielakkan walaupun langkah-langkah luar biasa diambil untuk mengekalkan nyawa si pesakit dan ianya akan hanya menunda saat-saat kematian bagi pesakit tersebut. Satu contoh rawatan bagi melanjutkan nyawa secara luar biasa ialah penggunaan alat pernafasan yang disambungkan kepada pesakit untuk membantunya bernafas. Ia hanya dapat memanjangkan nyawa pesakit yang menghidapi penyakit yang membawa maut dengan cara yang bukan semula jadi.

Sesiapa yang berusia 21 tahun dan ke atas, dan berfi kiran waras, boleh membuat AMD. Apa yang anda perlu lakukan ialah untuk mengisi borang AMD, menandatanganinya di hadapan dua orang saksi, sebelum memulangkannya kepada pendaftar AMD. Borang yang diperlukan (Borang 1) boleh didapati di belakang buku kecil AMD “Apa yang perlu anda ketahui”, yang boleh diperoleh di mana-mana klinik perubatan, poliklinik dan hospital. Sebaliknya, anda juga boleh memuat turun borang AMD dari http://www.moh.gov.sg/amdform

Tidak, AMD BUKAN eutanasia atau pembunuhan belas kasihan, yang dilakukan dengan sengaja untuk menamatkan nyawa seseorang yang menghidap penyakit yang tidak boleh sembuh dan yang sangat menyakitkan, dengan cara yang bukan semula jadi. Sebaliknya, Akta AMD dengan terang menentang eutanasia.

7. Jika saya mengubah fi kiran saya mengenai AMD yang telah dibuat lebih awal, bolehkah saya batalkannya?

Anda boleh membatalkan AMD pada bila-bila masa dengan mengisi borang pembatalan di hadapan sekurang-kurangnya seorang saksi sebelum menghantarnya kepada Pendaftar AMD. Sebaliknya, orang tersebut atau saksinya boleh menulis sepucuk surat yang mudah kepada Pendaftar AMD untuk menyatakan hasrat pesakit untuk membatalkan AMDnya.

Soalan-soalan Yang Sering Ditanya1. Berapakah kosnya untuk membuat AMD?Membuat AMD adalah percuma. Walau bagaimanapun, anda mungkin perlu membayar yuran konsultasi kepada doktor kerana beliau diperlukan untuk menerangkan AMD kepada anda dan bertindak sebagai saksi anda.2. Bolehkah saya membuat AMD jika saya tidak mempunyai penyakit yang membawa

maut? Haruskah saya maklumkan kepada keluarga saya?Anda boleh buat AMD walaupun anda berkeadaan sihat. Anda mungkin ingin memaklumkan kepada keluarga anda mengenai rancangan anda. Jika anda tidak ingin berbuat demikian, anda masih boleh buat AMD. Ia akan dirahsiakan sehingga anda ingin memaklumkannya kepada seseorang.

3. Siapakah yang boleh menjadi saksi?Saksi pertama mestilah seorang doktor, lebih baik lagi jika beliau adalah doktor keluarga pesakit. Saksi kedua mestilah seorang yang berusia sekurang-kurangnya 21 tahun.Kedua-dua saksi tersebut tidak harus mempunyai sebarang kepentingan dalam kematian pesakit. Jika saksi-saksi tersebut adalah saudara mara pesakit, mereka tidak harus mempunyai sebarang kepentingan dalam kematian pesakit.

4. Bolehkah seorang doktor menolak daripada menjadi saksi kepada AMD?Seorang doktor yang membantah AMD atas sebarang sebab, dan menyatakan bantahan beliau dengan Pendaftar, boleh menolak daripada menjadi saksi semasa AMD ditandatangani. Anda kemudiannya boleh mendapatkan doktor lain untuk membuat AMD anda.

5. Bagaimanakah kita boleh pastikan tiada sesiapa, termasuk mereka yang buta huruf, diperdaya untuk menandatangani AMD?

Adalah menjadi tanggungjawab doktor untuk menerangkan dan membincangkan perkara tersebut dengan orang itu dan memastikan dia memahami AMD dengan sepenuhnya sebelum menandatanganinya. Tiada sesiapa yang boleh dipaksa untuk menandatangani AMD. Memaksa atau memperdayakan orang lain untuk menandatangani AMD adalah satu kesalahan di sisi undang-undang.6. Adakah AMD sejenis eutanasia atau pembunuhan belas kasihan?

Imbangi Kehidupan, rancanglah dari awal untuk meringankan beban orang yang disayangi and buatlah persiapan anda untuk kemudian hari