Advanced Power Electronics Systems Enable Utility Industry Transformation

New Functionality in the Utility IndustryThe new capabilities of the equipment used for Interconnecting distributedgeneration and energy storage systems to electricity networks.

Complex Utility Industry Transformation

Advanced Power Electronics Systems Enable Utility Industry Transformation

Areas of Power Electronics Systems Innovation

ENERGY STORAGE

Grid-connected

Utility-integrated storage

ESSs, rapid innovations are occurring in:

• The battery cell,

• Power conversion system,

• Control software components.

• And open-standard communications

The third wave of energy storage growth and maturity is here. This utility-integrated wave is marked by

a focus on solving grid problems, automatic dispatch of systems in tight coordination with distribution

operations, a standards-based software architecture, and a focus on programs versus projects.

For utility-integrated energy storage to deliver its full value to an owner, the control software needs to

orchestrate the fleet to perform multiple, simultaneous tasks:

• dispatch both real and reactive power;

• factor in local circuit conditions and bulk power system opportunities; and,

• coordinate with the SCADA and DMS software that controls the overall distribution system.

ENERGY STORAGE WAVE 1: THE PILOT ERA

ENERGY STORAGE WAVE 2: THE GRID-CONNECTED ERA

ENERGY STORAGE WAVE 3: THE UTILITY-INTEGRATED ERA

ENERGY STORAGE WAVES

Examples of Power converters

Considers power electronics at a level that

includes circuit functions and interfaces:

Components and devices

Sensors

Controllers

Communication

Other power electronic circuits

Accounts for system level requirements

Regulation capability: voltage, currents, power P/Q

Harmonics

Fault detection and protection features

Power converter functionsPower converter is used in place of “Inverter” since it covers more

types of conversion from input to output power

AC to DC (Rectifier)

DC to AC (Inverter)

DC to DC (DC to DC converter)

AC to AC (AC to AC converter)

Power converter functions

Power converter functions range from the simple to complex. Most converter

functions are based on settings or curves that allow them to respond

autonomously to local conditions, while some require direct control commands.

1. Immediate control functions for power converters

Function INV1: connect/disconnect from grid

Function INV2: Adjust maximum generation level up/down

Function INV3: Adjust power factor

Function INV4: Request active power (charge or discharge storage)

Function INV5: pricing signal for charge / discharge action

2. Volt-var management modes

3. Frequency-watt management modes

4. Dynamic reactive current support during abnormally high or low voltage

levels

5. Functions for “must disconnect” and “must remain connected”

6. Watt-triggered behavior modes

7. Voltage-watt management modes

8. Parameter setting and reporting

9. Schedule commands sent to the converter

Examples of some Power converter functions

Must disconnect and must remain connected zones

Dynamic reactive current support

Examples “must remain connected”

Examples of some Power converter functions

Power factor controlled

Technology roadmap centered on the Power Module

Better heat removal

Reduction of circuit parasitics

Better passives for filtering and EMI

management

Protection

Isolation

Sensing and control

Materials and processes for high

voltage, high frequency, high

temperature power modules

New Technologies of Power converters for medium voltage distribution

Strategies for Mexico

To coordinate Mexican research centers to accelerate the adoption and insertion of powerelectronics into the electric grid in order to improve system stability, flexibility, robustness, andeconomy. by focusing on the following main objectives:

• To develop new technologies for advanced power electronic systems in the areassupporting grid connected distributed energy resources, power steering and routingdevices, and intelligent load-side devices,

• To develop the software and tools for controlling embedded- and grid-connected powerelectronics to benefit the grid as well as controlled loads,

• To educate engineers who understand the power electronic technologies important to theelectrical utilities.

• The electric power industry is ultra-critical to the economy and security of Mexico.

• Joint efforts from universities and research centers such as: (INEEL, IPN, UNAM,CENIDET etc)

New human resources in Power systems

Power systems, including off-grid systems such as in battery

storage and transportation systems (ships, planes, trains, and

automobiles)

Power electronics devices, characterization, modeling

Control systems and motor drives

Integrated and power electronic circuit design and testing

Simulation methods and environments for multidisciplinary

dynamic

Experience or knowledge in:

New Human resources

Proposals for future research in collaboration with Mexican and international institutions

• Distributed Power Quality Improvement using Power Electronics and Digital Signal Processing

• Modeling of Power Devices for Advanced Power Electronics and storage

• Solid State Transformer

• Direct Power Electronics Interface for Battery Energy Storage System into Medium Voltage

Distribution System using SiC-Based Power Electronics

• Coordinated Optimal Voltage Regulation for the Next-Generation Distribution Grids with High

Penetration of PV Generation

• Optimized Gate Drivers for High Voltage Power Devices

• Fault Detection and Management Needs Development Protective Relaying Methods for Microgrids

Testing and certification of Converters associated with storage applications

IEC 61850 IEC 61850-90-7: COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS FOR POWER UTILITY

AUTOMATION - PART 90-7: OBJECT MODELS FOR POWER CONVERTERS IN DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES

(DER) SYSTEMS, 2013-02.

IEEE 2030.2-2015 - Guide for the Interoperability of Energy Storage Systems Integrated with the Electric

Power Infrastructure.

IEC TS 62933-4-1 ED1. Electric Energy Storage System - Part 4-1 Ed.1: Guidance on Environmental Issues -

General specifications.

IEC TS 62933-5-1 ED1. Electrical Energy Storage (EES) systems - Part 5-1: Safety considerations related to

grid integrated electrical storage (EES) systems

IEEE 1547, "Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems", 2003.

Rule 21. California Public Utilities Commission, "Recommendations for Updating the Technical Requirements for

Inverters in Distributed Energy Resources, Smart Inverter Working Group Recommendations," Jan 2014.

UL Standard 1741 SA (Supplement). Underwriters Laboratories. "Supplement for Grid Support Utility Interactive

Inverters".

IEEE Standard 1547.1-2005, Standard for Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed

Resources with Electric Power Systems, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New York, NY, 2005.

Testing and certification of Converters associated with storage applications

Start with the international standards that best applies to the proyect:

Inverters

Rectifiers

Battery Chargers

Batteries

PV-Pannels

Aero generators

Software,

Interoperability

Communications

To take advantage of the testing facilities of Mexico (LAPEM/CFE etc.)