advanced technology standards activities

SAE INTERNATIONAL

Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE

GLOBAL GROUND VEHICLE STANDARDS

Advanced Technology Standards Activities

Edward Straub, DMDirectorSAE Office of Automation

SAE INTERNATIONALCopyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE

AGENDA

• Overview

• Standards Creation

• Advanced Technology Standards

• SAE Standards Roadmap

• Getting involved

3Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International.

Overview - History

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Role of standards today

Global Ground Vehicle Standards https://www.sae.org/


SAE Global Ground Vehicle Standards in a Nutshell

• 8,375 Standards Published

• 1,817 Standards Maintained

• 491 WIP Standards

6 Ground Vehicle Councils

9,933Committee Members

564Technical

Committees

2,900Companies


Task ForcesTask ForcesTask ForcesTask ForcesTask ForcesTask ForcesTask ForcesTask Forces

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Overview - Technical Standards Structure

Global Ground Vehicle Standards

SAE Executive Standards Committee

Motor Vehicle Council

Truck & Bus Council

ConAGCouncil

Specialized Vehicles Council

Materials Parts &

Processes Council

Fuels & Lubes

Council

Systems Management

Council

Aerospace Council

SteeringCommittees

SteeringCommittees

SteeringCommittees

SteeringCommittees

SteeringCommittees

SteeringCommittees

SteeringCommittees

SteeringCommittees


Task ForcesTask ForcesTask ForcesTask Forces

Technical Committees

















Overview - Standards Development Process

Timeline 18-36 months

Mutual Agreement

onSubject Topic

Input:Agency, industry and stakeholder needs

Open, Transparent and Consensus Based

Any interested party can identify or raise a topic for discussion in an open standards committee.

Open SAE Technical Committee

Document Development & Balloting

Process

Document Sponsor –

Task force / working group

SAE J-document

Recommended Practice

Information Report

Industry Standard


Overview - SAE Pre-Competitive Research

SAE Industry Technologies Consortia (SAE ITC)

• Automated Vehicle Safety Consortium

SAE Cooperative Research Program (CRP)

• Solutions by Industry for Industry

• Unique, pre-competitive R&D projects

o Joint Ventures of industry companies

o Agile development of targeted research

SAE ADS Standards Roadmapping Initiative 9

CRP output

~12 months

https://www.sae-itc.com/


CRP Example: Wireless Power Transfer


Companies participating:A collaborative research collaborative for the development of SAE J2954 will establish minimum performance, interoperability and safety criteria for wireless charging of EVs / PHEVs and vehicle alignment.

J2954 scope includes residential andparking garage, parking lot and side ofroad charging locations and WirelessPower Transfer (WPT) charging levels1,2 & 3. Standardization to finish in2018.


ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS

(ADAS)


SAE ADAS Vehicle Standards Activities

Active Safety Systems Standards

Committee

Terms & Definitions Task Force

Test Target Validation

Correlation Task Force

Bicycle Test

Targets Task Force

Vehicle Lane

Deviation Warning

Task Force

Hardware in-the-

Loop Task Force

Roadside Object

Surrogate Task Force

Sensor Calibration Task Force

ADAS Feature Rating System

Task Force

Indiana Univ Purdue Univ IndianapolisToyota Research InstituteTransportation Research Center IncUniv of California-Berkeley

Link Engineering CompanyGeneral MotorsNissan Motor Co LtdAptiv

Dynamic Research IncMercedes-Benz USA LLCVolkswagen Group of America Inc

Voting Members include reps from:


ADAS StandardsJ3063™ Active Safety System Terms & DefinitionsJ3088™ Active Safety System Sensors• Identify the functionality and performance you

could expect from active safety sensors• Establish a basic understanding of how

sensors workJ3087™ Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) System Performance TestingJ2399™ Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Operating Characteristics and User InterfaceJ2802™ Blind Spot Monitoring System Operating Characteristics & User InterfaceJ3116™ Active Safety Pedestrian Test Mannequin RecommendationJ3157™ Active Safety Bicyclist Test TargetsJ3029™ Forward Collision Warning & Mitigation Vehicle Test Procedure – T&B

VEHICLE SYSTEM & PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS


ADAS Standards

Safety and Human Factors Standards Related to ADASJ3045™: Truck & Bus Lane Departure Warning Systems Test ProcedureJ3048™: Driver-Vehicle Interface Considerations for Lane Keeping Assistance Systems J2988™: Guidelines for Speech Input & Audible Output in Driver Vehicle InterfaceJ2400™: Human Factors in Forward Collision Warning Systems Operating Characteristics & User Interface J2831™: Development of Design & Engineering Recommendations for In-Vehicle Alphanumeric MessagesJ2972™: Definition of Hands-Free Operation of a Person to Person Wireless Communication System or Device J2399™: Adaptive Cruise Control Operating Characteristics & User InterfaceJ2808™: Road/Lane Departure Warning Systems: Information for the Human InterfaceJ3077™: Definitions and Data Sources for the Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI)JTBD: Naming Methodology for Driver Assistance and Automation

ADAS Related Documents – Work In-Process J3122 WIP: Active Safety Test Target Correlation - Radar CharacteristicsJ3063™ Active Safety System Terms & Definitions - Update


CONNECTED


V2X Communications Standards Activities

V2X Communications

Steering Committee

DSRC Technical

Committee

C-V2X Technical

Committee

Advanced Applications

Technical Committee

Security Technical

Committee

Cross-Cutting

Technical Committee

Infrastructure Applications

Technical Committee

Traffic Signal Applications

Technical Committee

Vehicular Applications

Technical Committee

Tolling Applications

Technical Committee

Scope:DSRC Radio access-specific items

Scope:C-V2X Radio access-specific items

Scope:Lower layer-unknown applications that may require new comms technologies

Scope:Over the air security

Scope:Common to multiple applications or comms technologies

Scope:Infrastructure applications that do not require traffic signal data

Scope:Infrastructure applications that require traffic signal data or interface

Scope:Vehicle comms needs

Scope:Applications for tolling and financial transactions


V2X Communications Standards – Foundational Documents

J2735 Message Set Dictionary

• Defines Standardized Message Sets• Supports Interoperability• Defines Formats• Defines Basic Safety Message (BSM)• Defines MapData (Map) Message• Defines Signal Phase and Timing Messages• Defines Personal Safety Messages for VRUs• Defines Traveler Information Messages (TIM)

J2945/0 SEP Guidance for

J2945/X Documents

• Provides System Engineering Guidance & Example• Defines Communication Protocol• Specifies Communication Performance Requirements• Defines Message Transmission Rate• Defines Channel usage• Optional Data Usage• Message Application Priorities


SAE V2X Communications Documents:


J2945/3 Requirements for V2I Weather Applications

• Collect weather-related data from vehicles & Infrastructure

• Distribute weather-sensitive information for safety and mobility. For example:o Enhanced maintenance decision support o Weather advisory and warningso Routing support for emergency responderso Weather-sensitive variable speed, ramp metering

Slide courtesy of Sue Bai

J2945/5 Service Specific

Permissions and Security Guidance for Connected

Vehicle Applications• Establishes a security

systems engineering process

• Describes which fields and activities should be subject to SSP constraints

• Specifies syntax and semantics for the SSPs

• Addresses the development of SSPs for scenarios


J2945/9 VRU (V2P) Safety Message Minimum Performance Requirements

Global Ground Vehicle Standards Slide courtesy of Sue Bai

Defines the safety message minimum performance requirements from pedestrian device (e.g. smartphone) to vehicles

Protects pedestrians (including people with disabilities/special needs), cyclists, public safety workers


SAE V2X Communication Documents: In Process

Global Ground Vehicle Standards Slide courtesy of Sue Bai

J2945/6 Cooperative ACC Performance

Requirements

• Defines requirements to enhance Adaptive Cruise Control with V2X communications

• Phase 2 to Include platooning

J2945/BSignal Preemption


• Provides guidance on usage and applications for signal request &preemption messages

J2945/CTraffic Probe Use and

Operation Recommended Practice

• Provides guidance on automated vehicle probe data collection and distribution

J2945/AMap/SPaT Message


• Provides guidance on usage & applications

• Intended for developers & users




J2945/4Road Safety Applications (WIP)

• Infrastructure Vehicle safety and mobility-related information

• Some of the candidate applications:

o Curve speed warningo Reduced speed warningo Lane & Road changes &

closures

J2945/7Positioning Enhancements for V2X

Systems (WIP)• Addressing use cases that require

high levels of position accuracy, reliability, and integrity

• Supports integration of high-precision GNSS receivers and other positioning systems

J2945/8Cooperative Perception Systems

(WIP)• Describes methods for a V2X

device to broadcast perception information of other road users/objects nearby

• Defines use cases, performance & security requirements




J2945/DRoad User to Road User Courteous

Communications (WIP)• Provides guidance on the

requirements of a V2X application to enable drivers (human or machine) to exchange courteous messages to resolve traffic related misunderstandings and conflicts

J3217Profiles for V2X Based Fee

Collection (WIP)• Provides Concept of Operations to

enable V2X toll and other financial transactions.

J3224V2X Sensor-Sharing for Cooperative

& Automated Driving (WIP)• Provides requirements for a

sensor-sharing message suitable for V2X-entities (RSUs, vehicles, VRUs) to describe detected road users, road obstacles and road impairments


DRIVING AUTOMATION


SAE Automated Vehicle Standards Activities

On-Road Automated

Driving (ORAD) Committee

Verification &

Validation Task Force

Reference Architecture

Interfaces Task Force

ADS-DV User Issues for Persons

with Disabilities

On Road Automated

Driving Maneuver Task Force

ADS Testing

Task Force

Guidelines for Tests of Prototype ADSs Task

Force

Infrastructure Needs

Related to Automated Driving TF

Definitions Task Force

ISO/SAE Joint

Taxonomy &

Definitions Task Force

To find content and any SAE standard, search the number at: https://saemobilus.sae.org/

(e.g. “J3016”)

https://saemobilus.sae.org/


SAE Automated Driving StandardsJ3016™Taxonomy & Definitions for Terms Related to On-Road Vehicle Automated Driving Systems

J3114™Human Factors Definitions for Automated Driving and Related Research Topics

J3018™Guidelines for Safe On-Road Testing of SAE Level 3, 4, and 5 Prototype Automated Driving Systems (ADS)Safety

J3171™Identifying Automated Driving Systems-Dedicated Vehicles (ADS-DVs) Passenger Issues for Persons with Disabilities

J3216™Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Cooperative Driving Automation for On-Road Vehicles

Driver Interface / Human Factors


ORAD Committee Standards – Work In Process

TEST & VERIFICATIONMETHODS

GUIDELINES & RECOMMENDED PRACTICES

Safety

Updated April 2021Collab with ISO TC204

Updated Dec 2020

Published May 2020

Publishing in 2021


Cooperative Driving Automation (CDA): Automation + Cooperation

Automation CooperationSAE J3216 (May 2020)

https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/J3216_202005/


Cooperative Driving Automation – J3216TM

Class A: Status-sharingPerception information about the traffic environment and information about the sending entity provided by the sending entity for potential utilization by receiving entities. (“Here I am, and here is what I see.”)

Class B: Intent-sharingInformation about planned future actions of the sending entity provided by that entity for potential utilization by receiving entities. (“This is what I plan to do.”)

Class C: Agreement-seekingA sequence of collaborative messages among specific CDA devices intended to influence local planning of specific DDT-related actions. (“Let’s do this together.”)

Class D: PrescriptiveThe direction of specific action(s) to specific traffic participants for imminent performance of the DDT or performance of a particular task by a road operator (e.g., changing traffic signal phase), provided by a prescribing CDA device agent(s) and adhered to by a receiving CDA device agent(s). (“I will do as directed.”)


Additional Committee Activity for Developing Automation Standards

Committee Overview

Driving Automation Systems

This Technical Committee is responsible for all safety & human factors issues concerning driving automation systems and how these new technologies will impact the driving experience. This includes any vehicle that involves human operation, either in-vehicle or remotely located, transitioning into or out of Level 1 driving automation and above, and/or based on any interaction of human road users with driving automation systems. J3114- Human Factors Definitions for Automated Driving and Related Research Topics (Dec 2016)

ADS Logger Task Force The Event Data Recorder Committee established this Task Force to detail ADS data elements and definitions that can be gathered in crash or near-crash events in ADS. These additional data elements may be those useful for accident reconstruction involving an ADS-equipped vehicle or allowing determination of whether further analysis into the ADS system performance or non-ADS system performance is needed.

ADS Lamps Task Force Signaling and Marking Devices Standards Committee established this Task Force to develop test procedures, performance requirements, and design guidelines for autonomous vehicle lighting(J3134).

Driving Skills Committee Drafting J3300 AV Safety Operator endorsement for test drivers (safety operators) on proving grounds as a complement to the four skill levels defined in the foundational license.

J3197 Automated Driving System Data Logger (April 2020)

J1698/x Event Data Recorder https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/J3197_202004/

https://www.sae.org/servlets/works/documentHome.do?comtID=TEVSHF4&docID=J3114_201612&inputPage=dOcDeTaIlS


SAFETY & HUMAN FACTORS


SAE Human Factors Standards Activities

Vehicle Sound for Pedestrians

Committee

Adaptive Cruise Control and Forward

Collision Warning

Committee

Driver Metrics, Performance

and States Committee

Driver Vehicle Interface

Committee

Advanced Driver

Assistance Systems (ADAS)

Committee

Driving Automation Committee

Honda Motor Co LtdToyota Research InstituteDaimler AGDenso Corp.FCA US LLCMercedes-Benz

General MotorsNissan Motor Co LtdValeoDynamic ResearchExponentWaymo

MITMagnaAptivGentexFord Motor Co.Volkswagen

Voting Members include reps from:

Safety and Human Factors


SAE Human Factors Standards Activities


Safety and Human Factors Standards Related to Connected Vehicles


J2395™: ITS In-Vehicle Message Priority

J2831™: Development of Design & Engineering Recommendations for In-Vehicle Alphanumeric Messages

J2988™: Guidelines for Speech Input & Audible Output in Driver Vehicle Interface

J2944™: Operational Definitions of Driving Performance Measures & Statistics

Driver Interface / Human Factors


CYBER SECURITY


SAE Cyber Security Standards Activities

J3061 Cyber Security Guidebook

Vehicle Cyber Security Systems Engineering Committee

• J3061™: Cybersecurity Recommended Practice for Cyber-Physical Vehicle Systems

Truck and Bus Controls and Communications Network Committee

• J1139™: Serial Control and Communications – Heavy Duty Vehicle Network

Vehicle Electrical Systems Security• J2101 WIP: Requirements for Hardware

Protected Security for Ground Vehicle Applications

• J1939™, J1979™, J3005™ & J2534™: OBD II for Telematics, Vehicle Health Management, Data Access, Vulnerabilities & Cyber Threat Analysis, OTA Updates


TRUCK & BUS AUTOMATION


Truck and Bus Automation Safety Committee Re-organized in fall 2020

J3150™: Taxonomy and Definitions for Automated Multi-Vehicle Truck and Bus Systems

J3029™: Forward Collision Warning and Mitigation Vehicle Test Procedure -Truck and Bus Five-year review

Next meeting: 15:00 EDT | 24 June 2021

https://www.sae.org/servlets/works/committeeHome.do?comtID=TETCAS

https://www.sae.org/servlets/works/committeeHome.do?comtID=TETCAS


SAE STANDARDS ROADMAP



Roadmap organization and timeline view

Each box is a standards needfor ADS deployment. Click toview more information.

Time



SAE ADS Standards Roadmapping Initiative40

Roadmap Organization and Timeline View

Subcategories (Safety has 7 subcategories)Standards Areas

Time

Each area is further divided intosubcategories. Definitions for eacharea are provided at the top bar,e.g., Functional Safety is highlighted.



Cooperative Driving Automation – Taxonomy and Definitions

1

2

3

4

5

Standards Need Anatomy1. Description Panel (active)2. Relevant Existing Standards & Activities Panel3. Resources Panel (e.g., links)4. Standards Area Panel5. Tags Panel6. Relationships Panel

6



SAE ADS Standards Roadmapping Initiative42

Crowdsourcing Expert Feedback and Identification of Gaps

Example Feedback: • “VRU behavior

assumptions is a critical near-term gap”

• “SMS implementation guidance needed”


COLLABORATION


Global SDO collaboration



THANK YOU

Contact:Edward Straub, DMDirector, SAE Office of [email protected]

John TintinalliDirector, SAE [email protected]