d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 14/2003PE100+ Association

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e

Advantages of high quality PE pipe materials

Turkey Seminar - April 3, 2003

by Robin Bresser / PE100+ Association

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 24/2003PE100+ Association

Creating value in Pipe - basic human needsn Water supplyn Energy supply (gas, oil, hot water)n Sewage disposaln Telecom

Roman times . . . . . . and today

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In Europe, PE&PP pipes have an impressive track record

1950’s - first PE pressure pipe installed

1970’s - second generation PE for water and gas

- crosslinked PE (PEX) for hot water

1980’s - PP pipe systems for new applications

1990’s - bimodal PE100 introduced

- higher pressures and larger pipes

- PO pipe markets grow at 6%

2000 - high momentum into the new millennium

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 44/2003PE100+ Association

Key success factor for PE pipes:Flexibility

n Long lengths in coils

n Curving trenches

n Modern installation techniques– relining– horizontal drilling– plowing in

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 54/2003PE100+ Association

Key success factor for PE pipes:Weldability

n Cost effective butt welding

n Safe and practicalelectrofusion

n Leak tight pipeline– earthquakes– ground movement– tree roots

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 64/2003PE100+ Association

Key success factor for PE pipes:Water neutrality

n No corrosion

n Neutral towards drinkingwater

n No encrustation

n Low coefficient of friction

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 74/2003PE100+ Association

Key success factor for PE pipes:Positive image

n Innovation / new generations

n High level of standards

n Safe for gas transportation

n Environmentally friendly

n 100 year lifetime for bimodal,ready made compounds

> PE100

PE100

PE80

PE63

PE32

50’ 60’ 70’ 80’ 90’ 2000

Material classification

LD

HD

MD /H D

HD/MD

HD

“BORSTAR”

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 84/2003PE100+ Association

Water distribution mains and service pipes

PE80, flexible MDPEdistribution network

PE100, water main

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 94/2003PE100+ Association

Water pipe mains >180mm - material trends Germany

S ou rce s: CDC 1999

100

80

60

40

20

0

ConcreteFRPSteelDuctilePE100PE80PVC

1996 1998 2000 2002

%

S tr ong P E penetration is foreseen i n the d iameters above 180 m m

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 104/2003PE100+ Association

Estimated installation cost for water pipe( 10 bar network in UK)

100150200250300350400450500550

160 200 250 315 400

PE100PE80Ductile Iron

Pipe diameter (mm)

Index

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 114/2003PE100+ Association

Earthquake pipe failure statistics: Armenia, Colombia

Material Installation Length(km)

Failures per km

PVC (water) 99,95 0,80

Ductile iron (water) 5,69 0,00

Asbestos cement (water) 221,9 0.95

Steel reinforced concrete (water) 1,14 0.00

Galvanised steel (water) 3,81 0,52

Cast iron (water) 1,03 0,97

Polyethylene (gas) 115,13 0.00

Sources: EPA Colombia, March 1999 and Gases del Quindio E.S.P. Colombia, 1999

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 124/2003PE100+ Association

Slow CrackGrowth (SCG)

Rapid CrackPropagation (RCP)

Balance of mechanical properties

Long Term Hydrostatic Strength (MRS)

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 134/2003PE100+ Association

Dispersion of additives

Microscope photo of pipe made of natural resin and master batch(100X magnification)

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Drinking water quality

Rigorous oganoleptic testing of pipes and granules

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Test on real pipe systems to confirm quality

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 164/2003PE100+ Association

Minimum safety factor of 1,25 for water allowed because:

Experience with extrapolation methods n

Documented, ready made compoundsn

Combination of tests done on pipe and compoundsn

System standards (Type test, PVT, BRT)n

Positive track recordn

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 174/2003PE100+ Association

Australia case: quality pipes for long lifetimes

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 184/2003PE100+ Association

Hammersley water transportation project, Australia:project requirements

n Supply of water to a large, remote ironborefield

n Water requirements of 200 l/s

n 60 km of 500 mm pipeline(3000 tons of PE100 material)

n Very stony, uneven and hot terrain

n Corrosive soil and alkaline water

n 20 years service life with low maintenance

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 194/2003PE100+ Association

Hammersley water transportation project, Australia:cost effective installation

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 204/2003PE100+ Association

Hammersley water transportation project, Australia:trouble free operation

n Hammersley is generally happy withtheir choice of pipe material

n Very few maintenance stopsrepair minor welding problems

n No problems with the pipe materialsteel pipeline estimated lifetime: 6 months

n Pipeline has been in operation since 1995

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 214/2003PE100+ Association

Case Story: Indian PE pipe history and relaunch

AP province ban in 1982 and stagnation

in November 2000MumbaiHyderabad (AP province)

HDPE pipes introduced in 1969 followed by decade of steady growth to 35 ktonsn

Poor quality pipes in marketpoor uv stabilisationunsuitable master batchno technical support

n

Brittle failures resulted in loss of confidence,n

Two high profile PO pipe seminarsn

Establishment of Indian Polyolefin Pipe Association in progress n

d o n ‘ t c r a c k u n d e r p r e s s u r e 224/2003PE100+ Association

Weak or poorly enforced raw material standards: everybody loses

PolymerProducer

CommoditisationLimited commitmentLimited development

PipeProducer

ClaimsReputationCommoditisation

Designer/Consultant

Unclear design conditions ReputationLoss of confidence in PO

Infrastr.Owner

Water quality/loss Loss of confidence in PORepair/maintenance costs

Consumer

Poor water quality Loss of supplyRepair time & damage

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Conclusion and outlook for the future

n PE pipe industry will remain strongly committed to the watersegment

n PE water pipe systems have had very strong growth and animpressive track record

n High level of standards and approvals are critical to sustainthis growth