advantages of rearing layer pullets in cage harish garware managing director gartech equipments pvt....
TRANSCRIPT
ADVANTAGES OF
REARING LAYER PULLETS IN CAGE
Harish GarwareManaging Director
GARTECH EQUIPMENTS PVT. LTD.
WHAT IS BROODING?• Rearing in absence of mother
• Continuation of incubation
• Helping chicks to develop
tissues and organs
• Become fully functional and
efficient, to meet demands
1. Rapid growth
2. Feed consumption
3. Digestion
4. Feed conversion
5. Immunity
6. Uniform weekly body weight gain
To grow a healthy and efficient Layer, start by helping it to develop all the systems and organs during the first three weeks.
Purpose of brooding is to ensure:
1.Maintaining the right body temperature
for chicks
2. Lighting such that chicks are active and
seek out food and water sources.
3. Clean, fresh and readily available water is an essential nutrient that impacts virtually all physiological functions
4. Well-balanced starter diet for proper growth and development.
3 weeks: First 7 days are very critical in terms of anatomical completeness and hence need to be taken care of.
AIM OF BROODING
TO MAKE A EGG LAYING MACHINE
From day old to layer
BROODING PROBLEMS 1-7 Days
•The largest percentage of weight gain occurs during the first week
•Growth of skeletal system is significant in this phase.
•Chicks cannot regulate their own body temperature
•If air temperature and air velocity, are not optimum, it will have a direct affect on the chicken's body temperature
•Highly prone to infections
•Deaths due to dehydration
•Health issues: Spraddle Leg, Pasty Butt, Pecking
•Not controlling the brooding period leads to high first week mortality
WEEK 2 - WEEK 7
•It is crucial that chick reaches to a constant and stable body temperature in the first 3 weeks.
•Growth of skeletal system significant in initial 3 – 4 weeks.
•Improper feed control can cause metabolic diseases and leg problems.
•Feathers start growing and if unhealthy feathers, would lead to wrong body temperature and in turn, deregulate other body functions
Development and Maturation of :
•Thermoregulatory system
•Gastro- Intestinal system
•Immune System
SENSITIVE BROODING PERIOD: FIRST 7 DAYS OF BROODING LIFECYCLE
1. a. Absence of Mother
b. From Protected environment (Hatchery)
2. All functions in the Chick – Not fully developed
Body Temperature Digestion
Defense Mech. Metabolism
Blood Circulation Secretions
Instincts & Capacity to compete
3. Layer Chicks after hatch are delicate and
sensitive.
WHY BROODING IS SO CRITICAL POSTHATCH?
• This frame work decides the quality and rate of body weight gain .
• Growth of skeletal frame work starts early and completed early in the growing stage.
• For the egg laying cycle the skeletal framework has to be developed.
SKELETAL FRAMEWORK
GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT
• Highest growth rate during the first week
• Metabolic adaptations
• 83 % of the input in a chicken is feed.
• The only place feed can be efficiently converted into body tissues is the digestive systems.
• Develop and take care of the digestive systems
THE IMMUNE SYSTEMS
• Newly born chicks have a limited immune system
• Day old chicks develops immunity by absorbing maternal immunoglobulins of the residual yolk which avoids impairment of immune system
• It takes six weeks before the immune system can reasonably function. This covers most of the brooding period.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
AGE IN WEEKS 1 TO 17
WE
IGH
T G
AIN
GR
AM
SSTANDARD WEIGHT GAIN / WEEK CHART
FLOOR– Possibility of accidental mortality / piling during
feeding / walking
- Maintaining hygiene & biosecurity is an issue
CAGE– Easy to feed from outside
FLOOR– Due to population
unnecessary competition
CAGE– less birds, enough feed space for
each bird, no competition
CAGE BROODING• Uniformity in feed and water
consumption and temperature results in even growth of birds.
• Variable growth: Because of more activities, feed contamination with litter.
• Multiple population can reduce the uniformity in Floor brooding
DEEP LITTER BROODING
• Flock grading is possible: Due to some problems if varying growth occurs, grading of flock is possible
• No chance of feed contamination
• Vaccination easy and secured
• Flock grading is very difficult.
• Chance of feed getting contaminated with litter (indigestible material) affecting the growth
• Vaccination difficult and possibility of missing few chicks
CAGE BROODINGDEEP LITTER BROODING
COLD STRESS –IN FLOOR BROODING …
Low water & temperature Sufficient Water with easy access
Controlled Heating system
CAGE BROODING
• Body weight gain is more in Cages due to better FCR.• Feed wastage is less in cages.• Birds are free from worm infestation
• Lesser growth and body weight due to increased activity of birds in deep litter resulting in lesser FCR.
• Feed wastage is more• Birds are always under the problem of worm infestation
DEEP LITTER BROODING
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
BODY WT GAIN % STD Vs CAGE Vs FLOOR REARING
FIELD RESULT – WEIGHT GAIN PER WEEK
Standard
Floor: At the end of 25 weeks, Ideal body weight could be achieved but erratically, internal anatomy is weak, body weight achieved contains high body fat percentage.
Cage: At the end of 25 weeks, Ideal body weight is achieved, Internal anatomy is strong and well developed.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
STD
CAGE BODY WT
FLOOR BODY WT
FIELD RESULT – BODY WEIGHT COMPARISON
Standard
Floor: Body weight remains level off from the desired range
Cage: Body weight grows steadily to the desired limit right from the onset of brooding lifecycle
0.00%1.00%2.00%3.00%4.00%5.00%6.00%7.00%8.00%9.00%10.00%11.00%12.00%13.00%14.00%
18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80
Age In Laying Weeks 18 to 80 weeks
FIELD RESULT – MORTALITY
Cage: Negligible rate of mortality
Floor: Rate of mortality keeps increasing as the bird grows, mortality shoots up from 40 th week onwards
0.000%0.050%0.100%0.150%0.200%0.250%0.300%0.350%0.400%0.450%0.500%0.550%0.600%0.650%0.700%0.750%0.800%0.850%0.900%0.950%
18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80Age in Weeks 18 to 80 weeks
FIELD RESULT – LIVEABILITY
Floor: Livability never improved throughout the entire life cycle.
Cage: Livability shows a repeating sawtooth like pattern up to 40th week although it improves in later ages and keeps increasing significantly.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
STD
CAGE BODY WT
FLOOR BODY WT
FIELD RESULT – HEN DAY %
Cage: Uniform growth and comfortable environment rebetter production.
Floor: Less and unstable productivity due to high stress level and uneven growth.
3435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768
18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80
Age in Laying Weeks 18 to 80
Wt
in G
ram
s
FIELD RESULT – EGG WEIGHT
Cage: Healthy bird – quality egg productionFloor: Weak bird – small and low weight eggs with weak egg shell
ECONOMICAL BENEFITS OF CAGE BROODING
• Mortality is less in cages because they are free from coccidiosis infection and piling mortality
• Feed intake during laying is less in cage brooding than the birds reared on the floor. The birds reared on the floor usually consume more feed due to unnecessary hyper activity and the same characteristics of consuming more feed is transferred to the laying bird. It consumes 5-10 grams/b/day more than cage reared birds.
ECONOMICAL BENEFITS OF CAGE BROODING
• Because of better body weight in cages, it lays more Hen housed Eggs per bird than birds reared on floor.
SUMMARY OF BENEFITS IN CAGE BROODING
• Lesser mortality during rearing period
• Uniform growth
• Lesser feed intake compared to flocks reared on floor
• Excellent performance and productivity