aer rural development conference exeter, 19-20 october 2005 introduction to workshops professor...
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AER Rural Development Conference
Exeter, 19-20 October 2005
Introduction to WorkshopsProfessor Michael Dower
Coordinator, PREPARE Partnership
Member of EC Advisory Committee on Rural
Development
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Theme of the Workshops
How do regions address
the specific economic, social and environmental problems
in their rural areas ?
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The EAFRD
European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development
• Period 2007 to 2013• Budget still uncertain• Alongside continuing but changed CAP• With simplified instruments • Large measure of delegation to member states
or regions, subject to EU Strategic Guidelines
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The 4 AxesAxis 1 Improving competitiveness in
agriculture and forestryAxis 2 Improving the environment and
countryside Axis 3 Diversifying the rural economy and
improving the quality of life in rural areasAxis 4 (a cross-cutting axis) LEADER –
strengthening capacity, partnership, cooperation and governance
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Agriculture and rural development
Conference focus mainly on non-agricultural activity, but :• This is the EAFRD• It is administered in Brussels by DG-Agri, and in Member
states mainly by Ministries of Ag & RD• Farmers are :
- still a large part of rural society e.g. in new MS- the main beneficiaries of Axes 1 and 2- controllers of many key resources
• Moreover, millions of farmers need to diversify their sources of income, on or off the farm : they need RD
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The challenge
However, the challenge is broader than farming. We must address (variably between regions) :• narrow rural economies• falling, and ageing, populations• poor infrastructure• lack of social services• inadequate housing• despoiled or threatened environments
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‘Broad’ and ‘narrow’ rural development
The EAFD is designed to address these problems.
But other policies and programmes of EU, and of national & regional governments, can also apply:
• EU Regional, Social and Cohesion Funds etc
• MS Education, health & social services, transport, infrastructure, defence etc
Therefore, distinguish ‘narrow’ from ‘broad’ RD; and find ways to link them
e.g. Rural Policy Committee, Finland
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‘Regional’ and ‘Rural’ With this ‘broad and ‘narrow’ approach, MS and
Regions can do much to address the needs of rural sub-regions, but :
• Beware of applying urban solutions to rural problems
• Do not rely on ‘trickle-down’ of benefits from regional centres to the countryside
• Remember that rural areas vary in character, problems and needs; and that their settlements, enterprises etc tend to be small
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Government and people
Moreover, remember that government alone cannot achieve regional or rural development.
Development must start with the people, because:• They know their problems and needs• They control most of the key resources• Their skills, traditions, knowledge and energy
are the main resource for development • Their commitment is vital
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Partnership
So, the need is for : • Rural, as well as regional, development• A broad, integrated approach • Partnership between government and peopleRecognition of this need was reflected in :• ‘The Future of rural society’ report, 1987 • Integrated Mediterranean Programme • Pilot Integrated Rural Development projects • LEADER• Cork Conference • CAP reform - Pillar 2 etc
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Integration through area programmes
Government Ministries, for example Multi-national Agriculture Industry Education agencies
Regions Process and programme . or for a chosen area Private County pursued through partnership Sector
Councils with an animator, .over a period of time
Communes/ Non-government Municipalities Organisations
The local PEOPLE
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LEADER
LEADER – Liaison between actors in rural development
14 years of experience in the EU• 1991-94 LEADER 1• 1995-99 LEADER 2• 2000-now LEADER+
Since May 2004• An element in RDR in EU-10• Option in SAPARD in Bulgaria and Romania
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The LEADER concept
• Partnership between government and people• Local Action Groups, with partners from public,
private and civil sectors • Focus on a sub-region (10,000 to 100,000 pop) • Integrated in scope – social, economic and
environmental development• Innovative and flexible • Designed to mobilise local energy and resources
• Decentralised financial management
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LEADER in the EAFRD Within the EAFRD …
LEADER is a cross-cutting Axis 4, with a focus on : - Building capacity and social capital- Promoting public-private partnership- Promoting cooperation and innovation - Improving local governance
- Encouraging an integrated approach to development, which links the other three Axes or (in the terms of this morning’s Workshops) finds the win-win-win linkages between the social, economic and environmental tasks.
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Mainstreaming LEADER
LEADER is a powerful tool to focus the energy and resources of all sectors on the specific needs of rural sub-regions. For that reason, I urge that :
• the budget share for LEADER Axis (minimum 5% in EU-15, 2.5% in EU-12) be treated indeed as a minimum, with a much higher % as the aim
• You consider creating Local Action Groups of LEADER-type across the whole rural territory, as is done in Finland, Ireland and Spain.
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Strengthening Civil Society
Effective public-private partnership, as in LEADER, depends upon the existence of partners.
In some countries, civil society is weak.
There is need to strengthen civil society - at national, regional and local level - to be a co-initiator of rural development programmes and partner of government in those programmes.
That is what the PREPARE programme is seeking to achieve.
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PREPARE – Partnership for Rural Europe
Aim • To strengthen civil society in rural areas • To promote trust and dialogue between all rural
stakeholders• To promote multi-national exchange in rural
development • To empower local communities• To express the voice of rural Europe
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PREPARE Partners
Forum SynergiesECOVAST – European Council for the Village & Small Town
Swedish Popular Movements CouncilFinnish Village Action MovementKodukant, Estonian Movement of VillagesHungarian Rural ParliamentSlovakian Rural ParliamentSlovenian Rural Development NetworkPolish Forum for the Animation of Rural AreasLithuanian Rural Communities Union
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National rural movements
These movements consist, variably, of : • Action groups at local level
(e.g. 4000 such groups in each of Sweden and Finland) • Networks of these groups at region/county and
national level • Micro-regions (e.g in Slovakia and Hungary)
• Other NGOs at national, regional, local level• Links to commercial or public-sector networks• Links to national LEADER Networks
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Social development
Why ? because …• Income levels are generally lower in rural areas• Infrastructure (e.g. roads, electricity) is often
poor • Public services (e.g. schools, post offices, health
services) may be outdated or distant • Housing may be of poor quality• Social capital, and the ability to act, may be
weak
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Social development
How ? by strengthening the
human, social and physical capital…
Human capital – education, health, skills etc
Social capital – the glue that holds people together – local groups, networks, partnerships
Physical capital – roads, water supplies, electricity, schools, hospitals etc
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Economic development
How ?• Adding value to farm and forest products• Manufacturing industry • Traditional and new crafts• Rural Tourism• Service industries – shops, garages, banks,
hairdressers, offices• In all this, a focus on local markets and viability,
as a complement to competing in the European and world markets
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Encouraging enterprise
Support for small and medium enterprises :• Business support and advice • Low-cost premises and ‘incubators’• Small grants and small loans• Mutual guarantee schemes • Information technology • Training for entrepreneurs • Cooperation in marketing, selling etc
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Environment
How ? • Agri-environment schemes• Renewable energy production e.g.biomass• Organic farming• Green tourism • Protection and imaginative use of cultural
resources • Landscape protection, management and
planning (European Landscape Convention)
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Win-win-win
People
Economy Environment
Competitiveness + Cohesion
+ Sustainability