aeronautical telemetry
DESCRIPTION
AERONAUTICAL TELEMETRY. Darrell Ernst Gerhard Mayer February 2005. Introduction. WRC Agenda Item 1.5 The Aeronautical Telemetering Community The International Consortium for Telemetry Spectrum The ICTS Position A Video about Flight Testing and Agenda Item 1.5. WRC-07 Agenda Item 1.5. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Darrell Ernst
Gerhard Mayer
February 2005
AERONAUTICAL TELEMETRY
2
Introduction
• WRC Agenda Item 1.5
• The Aeronautical Telemetering Community
• The International Consortium for Telemetry Spectrum
• The ICTS Position
• A Video about Flight Testing and Agenda Item 1.5
3
WRC-07 Agenda Item 1.5
1. consider the spectrum required to satisfy justified wideband aeronautical mobile telemetry requirements and associated telecommand above 3 GHz;
2. review, with a view to upgrading to primary, secondary allocations to the mobile service in the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the implementation of wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand;
3. consider possible additional allocations to the mobile service, including aeronautical mobile, on a primary basis in the frequency range 3-16 GHz for the implementation of wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand, taking into account considering d) above;
4. designate existing mobile allocations between 16 and 30 GHz for wideband aeronautical telemetry and associated telecommand,
4
Future Data Rates
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Dat
a R
ate
- M
bp
s
“Prediction is hard, especially about the future”
Data rate for one vehicle
5
Implications for the Spectrum
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Ban
dw
idth
MH
z
PCM/FM Tier 1 Tier 2
Multiply data rate by efficiency factor for each modulation type:
PCM/FM=2.4 Hz/bit Tier 1= 1.2 Hz/bit Tier 2= 0.8 Hz/bit
Current B/W Allocation = 215
Bandwidth needed for one vehicle
6
Region 1Kiruna, SwedenFormosa Bay, KenyaCoronie, SurinamBiscarosse, FranceSalto di Quirra, SardiniaAberporth, WalesZingst, GermanyEmba, Kazakhstan
Region 3Anna Plains, AustraliaChandapore, IndiaSonmiani, PakistanChiu Peng, TaiwanShuang Chenghzi, ChinaChangwon, S.KoreaMalute, PakistanWake, Marshall Islands
Region 2Tortuguero, Puerto RicoPunta Lobos, PeruFt.Yukon, AlaskaNanoose Bay, CanadaMar Chiquita, ArgentinaWallops, USAStromfjord, GreenlandPoker Flat, Alaska
Sou n din g ro c ke t l au nc h
s ite s
7
Science Missions Requiring Wideband TM
• Existing LEO-satellite data collection platforms only for narrow band data transmission (e.g. Argos, Orbcomm) available
• Onboard storage capacity limited by space and weight, data compression & reduction of science data onboard critical
• Data required on ground mostly in near-realtime
Therefore:• High-resolution science instruments, like imaging
sensors, spectrometers, carried as Balloon, Sounding Rocket or UAV- payload need wideband telemetry links to fulfill their future missions
8
Telemetry Inevitable in Global Missions
Platforms on balloon, sounding rocket and UAV required for In-situ-measurements & calibration of satellite and groundborne instruments
Examples of important disciplines :• Geophysics
Atmosphere, Land , Sea, Ice Research• Biology
Animal behaviour & wildlife research• Remote Medical Supervision
patient monitoring e.g. at expeditions („bush telemetry“)
9
Science and Telemetry Goes Global…
• Local changes of environmental parameters have a world-wide impact
• Wide-area telemetry networks needed to collect data from e.g. remote field stations, balloons, buoys, sounding rockets, UAV
• Specific ranges for launching, science observations and data collection worldwide available
10
To Ensure the Future Availability of
Electromagnetic Spectrum for Telemetering
ICTS MISSION:
11
International Foundation for Telemetering Board of Directors
Region I (Europe/Africa)CoordinatorJ. M. Berges
Region II (Americas)Coordinator
M. Ryan
Region III (Asia)CoordinatorV. Crouch
ICTSChair
S. Lyons
ICTSSecretary/Treasurer
ICTSVice ChairG. Mayer
Region IMembers
Region IIMembers
Region IIIMembers
D. Holtmeyer
www.telemetry.org
12
Aeronautical Telemetry
13
What is Telemetry?Telemetry : The process of measuring at a distance.
Aeronautical telemetry: The process of making measurements on an aeronautical vehicle and sending those measurements to a distant location for analysis
TemperaturesFlows
Vibrations
Velocities
Pressures
If it is ORANGE it is flight test measurement
14
End Slide
15
Band (MHz)ITU All
Regions USCommon Europe UK France Italy
Other European Austria, Finland,
Norway Spain Sweden Australia Canada
4400-4800 X GX - harmonized
military bandG G X Defense All X Defense
G 4460-4540
4800-49404800-4825; 4835-4940
G G G Finland, SpainG 4900-4940
4940-4990 4940-4950 G G Finland, Spain
5850-5925 X X G X DefenseAustria, Norway, Spain Sweden
X
6875-7125 X NG NG Spain Sweden X
7125-7300 X7145-7235 7250-
7300NG to 7250
Norway, Spain, Sweden
7125-7250
7900-8025 X
X - harmonized military band - 7900-7975 MHz
in NATO Countries
Austria(7942-8000) Norway, Spain, Sweden
14,500-15,300
X14,714.5-15,136.5
X - harmonized military band
14,620-15,230
G 14,500-15,250
14,620-15,350
Austria, Norway, Spain, Sweden
14,714.5-15,136.5
Defense, rest open
(secondary)
Current Band Allocations
X=Permitted G=Government Only NG=Non-Government Only
16
Band (MHz)ITU All Regions Japan India (Draft) Taiwan Argentina Brazil Chile Germany
4400-4800 X After 1/1/10 X X 4400-4500
4800-49404800-4825, 4835-4940
4800-4900 After 1/1/10
4800-4825, 4835-4940
X4900-4925 4935-4940
4940-4990 4940-4950 4940-4950 X 4940-4950
5850-5925 X X X X x X X
6875-7125 X X X 6875-7100 X
7125-7300 X 7125-7250
Public Service
X X X
7900-8000 X X X X 7900-7975
14,500-15,300 XCommercial
Telecom Service
X X14,620-15,230
X=Permitted G=Government Only NG=Non-Government Only
Current Band Allocations (Concluded)
17
Spectrum Encroachment
239
0
235
0
220
0
225
0
230
0
2200-2290 MHz: Unmanned 2360-2390 MHz: Manned
1435-1525 MHz: Manned Vehicle (L Band) Telemetry
2200-2390 MHz: Manned and Unmanned Vehicle (S Band) Telemetry
152
5
150
0
143
5
146
0
148
5
One A/C can easily use over 20MHz of spectrum
for a single mission
WARC 92
BBA 97
Terrestrial DAB (Canada), CARIBSS, MediaStar
OBRA 93 BBA 97
WARC 92US Alternative
18
TELEMETERING APPLICATIONS
• The use of telemetry spectrum is common to many different nations and many purposes– National defense– Commercial aerospace industry– Space applications– Scientific research
• The primary telemetering applications represented by ICTS are – Range and range support systems
• Land mobile• Sea ranges • Air ranges
– Space-based telemetry systems– Meteorological telemetry
19
•Aero-Sensing•Aerospace and Flight Test Radio Coordination Council•Aerospatiale Airbus•Airbus•Australian Department of Defence•Boeing Company•British Aerospace•Dassault Aviation•Eurocopter•European Telemetering Standardization Committee•French Department of Defense•German Society of Telemetering•IN SNEC•MITRE Corporation•National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)•New Mexico State University•Sandia National Laboratories•SEE•Spanish Department of Defense•United Kingdom Department of Defence•United States Department of Defense
ICTS SOCIETAL MEMBERSHIP
20
M ITRE
10 /11/20 00 14
Atmospheric Attenuation vs. Frequency
Frequency (GHz)
Sp
ecif
ic A
tten
uat
ion
(dB
/km
)
A: Rain
Downpour (150 mm/hr)
Heavy (25 mm/hr)
Light (5 mm/hr)
Drizzle (0.25 mm/hr)
B: Fog (0.1g/m 3)
C: Gaseous (H2O + O 2)
3 30
Proposed New TM Band
L, S TM Bands
Source: Attenuation by Atmospheric Gases, Report 719-3,Reports of the CCIR, 19990, Annexto Vol. V: Propagation in Non-Ionized Media, Geneva, 1990, pg. 190.
21
Techniques for Mitigating Spectrum GrowthTechnique Potential Gain Limitations
Command Link Significant reduction of data quantities
Receiver volume & power, duration of test
Networking Reduce channel inefficiencies Destructive & short duration tests
On-Board Processing Significant reduction of transmitted data
Unexpected events
Data Compression Potential to reduce amount of transmitted data
Link layer compression has no advantage
On-Board Recording Off-loading of data not needed real-time
No data if platform does not return to ground intact
Modeling and Simulation (M&S)
Reduced flight data collection Validity and accuracy of M&S
In-Band Telemetry No independent telemetry link Data link not always available
Real Time Spectrum Management
Efficient use of available spectrum Predictable behavior of algorithms has not been verified
On-Board Test Engineer
Reduce data transmission to ground
Only feasible on large manned aircraft
Directional Transmit Antenna
Increased signal strength, spectrum reuse
Volume, cost of antenna
22
RE
SO
LUT
ION
[C
OM
7/5]
(W
RC
-03)
Con
side
ratio
n of
mob
ile a
lloca
tions
for
use
by w
ideb
and
aero
naut
ical
tele
met
ry a
nd a
ssoc
iate
d te
leco
mm
and
The
Wor
ld R
adio
com
mun
icat
ion
Con
fere
nce
(Gen
eva,
200
3)C
on
sid
erin
ga)
that
ther
e is
a n
eed
to p
rovi
de g
loba
l spe
ctru
m to
the
mob
ile s
ervi
ce fo
r w
ideb
and
aero
naut
ical
tele
met
ry s
yste
ms;
b)th
at th
ere
is a
n id
entif
ied
need
for
addi
tiona
l spe
ctru
m r
equi
red
to m
eet f
utur
e w
ideb
and
aero
naut
ical
tele
met
ry d
eman
ds;
c)th
at th
ere
is a
lso
a ne
ed to
acc
omm
odat
e te
leco
mm
and
oper
atio
ns a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
aero
naut
ical
tele
met
ry;
that
ther
e is
a n
eed
to p
rote
ct e
xist
ing
serv
ices
,N
oti
ng
a)th
at a
num
ber
of b
ands
bet
wee
n 3
GH
z an
d 30
GH
z ar
e al
read
y al
loca
ted
to th
e m
obile
ser
vice
, with
out e
xclu
ding
the
aero
naut
ical
mob
ile s
ervi
ce, o
n a
seco
ndar
y ba
sis;
that
any
spe
ctru
m a
lloca
ted
to th
e m
obile
ser
vice
abo
ve 3
GH
z (t
o in
clud
e ae
rona
utic
al
tele
met
ry)
is n
ot a
sub
stitu
tion
for
exis
ting
allo
catio
ns u
sed
for
aero
naut
ical
tele
met
ry
purp
oses
bel
ow 3
GH
z, th
e re
quire
men
t for
whi
ch w
ill c
ontin
ue,
Rec
og
niz
ing
a)th
at th
ere
are
emer
ging
tele
met
ry s
yste
ms
with
larg
e da
ta tr
ansf
er r
equi
rem
ents
to
supp
ort t
estin
g of
com
mer
cial
airc
raft
and
othe
r ai
rfra
mes
;b)
that
the
futu
re te
chno
logi
es a
nd p
erfo
rman
ce e
xpec
tatio
ns fo
r ai
rbor
ne p
latfo
rms
cont
empl
ate
a ne
ed fo
r re
al-t
ime
mon
itorin
g of
larg
e da
ta s
yste
ms
with
mul
tiple
vid
eo
stre
ams
(incl
udin
g hi
gh-d
efin
ition
vid
eo),
hig
h-de
finiti
on s
enso
rs, a
nd in
tegr
ated
hig
h-sp
eed
avio
nics
; c)
that
the
2000
Rad
ioco
mm
unic
atio
n A
ssem
bly
appr
oved
Que
stio
n IT
U-R
231
/8, t
itled
: "O
pera
tion
of w
ideb
and
aero
naut
ical
tele
met
ry in
ban
ds a
bove
3 G
Hz"
, with
the
targ
et d
ate
of 2
005;
d)th
at th
ose
stud
ies
will
pro
vide
a b
asis
for
cons
ider
ing
regu
lato
ry c
hang
es, i
nclu
ding
ad
ditio
nal a
lloca
tions
and
rec
omm
enda
tions
, des
igne
d to
acc
omm
odat
e ju
stifi
ed
spec
trum
req
uire
men
ts o
f aer
onau
tical
mob
ile te
lem
etry
con
sist
ent w
ith th
e pr
otec
tion
of in
cum
bent
ser
vice
s,R
eso
lves
th
at [
WR
C-0
7/a
futu
re c
om
pet
ent
con
fere
nce
] b
e in
vite
d t
o:
1co
nsid
er th
e sp
ectr
um r
equi
red
to s
atis
fy ju
stifi
ed w
ideb
and
aero
naut
ical
mob
ile
tele
met
ry r
equi
rem
ents
and
ass
ocia
ted
tele
com
man
d ab
ove
3 G
Hz;
2re
view
, with
a v
iew
to u
pgra
ding
to p
rimar
y, s
econ
dary
allo
catio
ns to
the
mob
ile
serv
ice
in th
e fr
eque
ncy
rang
e 3-
16 G
Hz
for
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
wid
eban
d ae
rona
utic
al te
lem
etry
and
ass
ocia
ted
tele
com
man
d;3
cons
ider
pos
sibl
e ad
ditio
nal a
lloca
tions
to th
e m
obile
ser
vice
, inc
ludi
ng a
eron
autic
al
mob
ile, o
n a
prim
ary
basi
s in
the
freq
uenc
y ra
nge
3-16
GH
z fo
r th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of w
ideb
and
aero
naut
ical
tele
met
ry a
nd a
ssoc
iate
d te
leco
mm
and,
taki
ng in
to a
ccou
nt
cons
ider
ing
d) a
bove
;de
sign
ate
exis
ting
mob
ile a
lloca
tions
bet
wee
n 16
and
30
GH
z fo
r w
ideb
and
aero
naut
ical
te
lem
etry
and
ass
ocia
ted
tele
com
man
d,in
vite
s IT
U-R
to c
ondu
ct, a
s a
mat
ter
of u
rgen
cy, s
tudi
es to
faci
litat
e sh
arin
g be
twee
n ae
rona
utic
al m
obile
te
lem
etry
and
the
asso
ciat
ed te
leco
mm
and,
on
the
one
hand
, and
exi
stin
g se
rvic
es,
on th
e ot
her
hand
, tak
ing
into
acc
ount
the
reso
lves
abo
ve.
AD
DC
OM
7/35
3/7
(B13
/361
/7)
Res 230 AI 1.5
23