afgc convention 2004 (1) 2004 possibilities for improving dairy cattle performance dr. h. duane...
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AFGC Convention 2004 (1) 2004
Possibilities for Improving Dairy Cattle PerformanceDr. H. Duane Norman
Animal Improvement Programs LaboratoryAgricultural Research Service, USDABeltsville, MD 20705-2350
[email protected] 301-504-8334
AFGC Convention 2004 (2) 2004
Topics
Does the proposed national animal ID system help genetic programs for dairy cattle?
What genetic programs work well for graziers?
2004
Benefit of proposed national animal ID system to genetic programs for dairy cattle
AFGC Convention 2004 (3) 2004
AFGC Convention 2004 (4) 2004
Background
BSE in Washington state
Better ID for dairy cattle (traceability)– Council on Dairy Cattle
Breeding– National FAIR–Wisconsin ID Consortium
Timetable shortened
Funding sources expanded
AFGC Convention 2004 (5) 2004
National dairy breeding program Animal Improvement Programs
Laboratory– Dairy cattle ID database– Genetic evaluations
Requirements for success– Parent ID– Birth date– Production recording– Progeny test
AFGC Convention 2004 (6) 2004
National ID program
USAIP (U.S. Animal Identification Plan)
Monitor and document animal movement
Trace back for health concerns
Enhance genetic programs?
– Must include birth date and sire ID
– Dam ID can further improve evaluation accuracy
AFGC Convention 2004 (8) 2004
Grazier breeding
Objective– Cattle with better fertility or other
desired characteristics
Approaches
– Bulls from countries that practice grazing
– Bull breed different from cow breed
– Effectiveness?
AFGC Convention 2004 (9) 2004
U.S. daughters of New Zealand bulls
Daughter performance compared within herd
– New Zealand AI Holstein bulls
– Other AI Holstein bulls (predominantly U.S.)
Cows included
– Records in AIPL national database
– Calved before March 2004
– Time to express the performance traits
AFGC Convention 2004 (10) 2004
U.S. daughters of New Zealand bulls Data
continued
145 herds 452 New Zealand
daughters 4,954 U.S. daughters
110 herds 283 New Zealand
daughters 4,141 U.S. daughters
72 herds 145 New Zealand
daughters 2,372 U.S. daughters
– First
lactation
– Second
lactation
– Third
lactation
AFGC Convention 2004 (11) 2004
U.S. daughters of New Zealand bullsYield
continued
U.S. daughters superior First lactation 1046 lb***
Second lactation 1108 lb***
Third lactation 1049 lb***
New Zealand daughters superior First lactation 4 lb Second lactation 2 lb
U.S. daughters superior Third lactation 1 lb
U.S. daughters superior First lactation 10 lb**
Second lactation 12 lb**
Third lactation 13 lb
– Milk
– Fat
– Protein
AFGC Convention 2004 (12) 2004
U.S. daughters of New Zealand bulls
Value of U.S. daughter yield superiority at current milk prices
– First lactation
– Second lactation
– Third lactation
continued
$30.35
$38.30
$43.79
AFGC Convention 2004 (13) 2004
U.S. daughters of New Zealand bulls
Somaticcell score
continued
U.S. daughters superior .2***
U.S. daughters superior .1
New Zealand daughters superior .1
– Firstlactation
– Secondlactation
– Thirdlactation
AFGC Convention 2004 (14) 2004
U.S. daughters of New Zealand bulls Days
open
continued
New Zealand daughters superior 7 days*
New Zealand daughters superior 8 days
New Zealand daughters superior 4 days
– Firstlactation
– Secondlactation
– Thirdlactation
– Pheno-typictrend
100
120
140
160
65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00
Year
Day
s open
12345
Lactation
AFGC Convention 2004 (15) 2004
U.S. daughters of New Zealand bulls
Productive life
– Comparison needed
– Advantage for New Zealand daughters?
continued
AFGC Convention 2004 (16) 2004
Crossbreeding
Heterosis
– Milk 3.4
– Fat 4.4
– Protein 4.1
– SCS -0.7
– Days Open 1.8
continued
AFGC Convention 2004 (17) 2004
Recommendations
Don’t select bulls solely on reproductive performance or any other single trait because several traits also have economic value
If you practice seasonal calving, use an index with more weight on daughter pregnancy rate than is recommended for the general U.S. dairy cattle industry