1

Afghanistan

Ervaring

Hans Husselman

GTZ Water Sector Improvement Program

Teamleader Component 3, Water Resources Management

7 juni 2010

KIVI NIRIA

Afdeling Oost

RODECO Consulting GmbH

Afghanistan,

Er is niet alleen

maar oorlog …..

Overzicht van ontwikkelingen in

Water Resources Management & UWSS

2

Average 250 mm

North-East 1200 mm

South-West 60 mm

35°

-20°

ETP

1200mm North

1800mm South

South West

Water Resources

Amu Darya River Basin

Northern River Basin

Harirud-Murghab Basin

Helmand River Basin

Kabul-Eastern River BasinLand areaWater flow

Introduction: General information, water related

Climate

December 2002

May 2003

September 2003

Irrigatie

>80% Bevolking in landbouw

65 miljoen Ha

12% bebouwbaar

2% bosgebied

86% graasgebied of kaal

Efficientie 15 – 30 %

Op dit moment 2 miljoen Ha

onder irrigatie

Mid ’70’s Afghanistan zelf-

voorzienend in voedsel productie

Drinkwater voorziening

Geen toegang tot drinkwater

stedelijke gebieden 70%

platteland 80%

Efficientie watervoorziening

ongeveer 50%

Meer vraag dan voorziening

Vervuiling oppervlakte - en

grondwater

Slechte sanitatie,

Slechte/geen vast vuilinzameling

75% waterbronnen in Kabul vervuild

3

Partners in the Water Sector

MoAILMoEW

MoM

MoRRD

AUWSSC/ MoUD

NEPAMoH

Ministry of Foreign Affairs for Transboundary waters

Lack of capable staff;

Non-functional institutions

Backlog supply versus demand

Main problems

No national water resources

development plan

Loss of hydrologic data

4

Het leggen van de fundering

“Kabul Understandings” May 2002

ST

RA

TE

GIC

PO

LIC

Y

FR

AM

EW

OR

K fo

r the

WA

TE

R S

EC

TO

R

WA

TE

R R

ES

OU

RC

ES

MA

NA

GE

ME

NT

PO

LIC

Y

IRR

IGA

TIO

N

PO

LIC

Y

RIV

ER

BA

SIN

INS

TIT

UT

ION

AL

SE

T-U

P

UR

BA

N W

AT

ER

SU

PP

LY

PO

LIC

Y

UW

SS

SE

CT

OR

INS

TIT

UT

ION

AL

DE

VE

LO

PM

EN

T P

LA

N

Su

pre

me

Co

un

cil fo

r

Wa

ter A

ffairs

Mn

t.

(SC

WA

M)

GR

OU

ND

WA

TE

R

PO

LIC

Y

RU

RA

L W

AT

ER

SU

PP

LY

&

SA

NIT

AT

ION

PO

LIC

Y

Amendment

Water Law

Regulations

Hoever is de legpuzzel van de water sector

Mijn Werk IWRM (geïntegreerd water beheer)

5

Vice Pres.

Technical

Secretariat

IWR

M

Riv

er

Ba

sin

Ap

pro

ac

h

Sp

litt

ing

Fu

nc

tio

ns

Sta

ke

ho

lde

r P

art

icip

ati

on

New

Water

Resources

Management

legislation

6

IWR

M

It Looks at…..

Quality

Surface Water

Ground Water

But it also looks at:

Social aspects

Environmental aspects

Cultural aspects

Legal aspects

IWR

M

Economical aspects

?

But it also looks at:

Financial aspects

Institutional aspects

7

Riv

er

Ba

sin

Ap

pro

ac

hS

pli

ttin

g F

un

cti

on

s

CONSTITUTIONAL

FUNCTION

•Vision establishment

•Policy development

•Formal legislation

•Creation of institutions

•Co-ordination of strategies

•Strategic planning

Ministry

Water Resources Sector

ORGANIZATIONAL

FUNCTION

River Basin Management

River Basin Council &

Sub-Basin Council

+

River Basin Agency &

Sub-Basin Agency

•Strategies

•Criteria, guidelines,

standards

•Secondary legislation,

regulation

•General management

•Organizational planning

•Organization of

implementation

OPERATIONAL FUNCTION

•Implementation

•Water use management

•Water utility management

•Monitoring

•Policing

•Sanctioning

Myrabs

District

Municipality

Water User Association

Water Service provider

Hydro power Service

provider

8

River Basin Institutional ArrangementsS

tak

eh

old

er

Pa

rtic

ipa

tio

n

Representation

Advisory

Board of

Provincial

Departments

MAIL

MRRD

MM

Health

NEPA

MUD

Economics

Municipalities

Ad

vic

e

Act

ive

rep

rese

nta

tion

Mirab Associations, Jirgas / Shuras, Other

Stakeholder / Community Organizations /

Associations, Supervisory board

Sub-basin

Council

MEW

River Basin

Coordination

River

Basin

Council

Advice

Tasks,

decisions

River

Basin Agency

Instructions

Advice

Executive operator /

service provider:

Mirab

Irr scheme operator

WS operator

Hydro-power operator

Provincial

Development /

Management

Committee

Sub-Basin

Agency

Information

Instructions

Supreme Council for Water Affairs Management• MEW

•MAIL

MRRD

MM

MUD

Kabul

Municipality

NEPA

Technical

Secretariat

River Basin Management Strategy

Sta

ke

ho

lde

r P

art

icip

ati

on

Functions and Powers of (Sub) Basin Council

Granting Licenses

Water Allocation

Regulate Water Use

Monitoring and Evaluation

9

Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ---- 2008

MUD

CAWSS(SOE)

MoF

WS

funds

Herat

WS

Kandahar

WSKunduz

WS

Mazar-e-

Sharif WS

In total 32 provincial

water supply offices

My Work UWSS

Kabul

WS

Urban Water Supply and Sanitation 2008 ----

MoF

MUD

AUWSS

Corporation

May 2010

BoD

6x

SBU

Kabul

Herat

Kandahar

Kunduz

Mazar-e-Sharif

Jalabad

Smaller provincial

towns WS

SBU = Strategic Business Unit

Directly responsible for O&M

Only percentage of income to AUWSS HQ

Tariff setting still done by AUWSS

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Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Vision

MoF

MUD

AUWSS

Corporation

BoD

6x

WS companies

Kabul

Herat

Kandahar

Kunduz

Mazar-e-Sharif

Jalabad

Remaining

small

provincial

towns WS

BoD

Barrieres in de ontwikkeling

MoEW MoAIL

MoRRD

Irrigatie ? Donor

fluctuatie/coordinatie

Klein schalig, weinig

belangstelling MEW & MAIL

Succesvol bij donorenVrij oude staf bij MEW

....eigen belang

Te grote projecten --

”droomkastelen”AUWSS Corporation

op papier

11

WATER : een

ongrijpbaar

natuurlijk

rijkdom

Dat moeilijk is vast te houden

De Magie van Water

MoEW MoAIL

MoRRD

VOORTGANG ?

ARD Cluster

Irrigatie ?

Water Beheer

Irrigatie

Plattelands

ontwikkeling

In River Basins

AUWSS Corporation baas over

stedelijk water (Mei 2010)AUWSSC

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Mijn ervaring met de Afghaanse counterparts

Infrastructuur

Samenwerking met

EU - Panj Amu Darya River Basin project

Grensoverschrijdende rivieren:

4 van 5 rivier-stroomgebieden grensoverschrijdend

WRMUWSS

Institutionele Opbouw

Mijn ervaring met de cultuur

Taal barriere

Afghanen zijn trotse mensen

حصاری زبان

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De Afghaanse droom/visie

Commercially operated business units

in urban water supply

Hydro-metric network operating

yesNational WR development plan

SCWAM + tech.secr functioning

Proper WRM curriculum at Universities

RBM

in place

De Afghaanse uitdagingen

• Improvement of human resources

• Creation of political will for support

• Setting-up institutional components

• Awareness creation with general public

• Opening dialogue for transboundary issues

• Establishment of water research institute

Info also at www.ands.gov.af

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Integrated

Water Resources

Management

for

a sustainable future

of

Afghanistan.

They work on that !!!

RODECO Consulting GmbH

AFGHAN GERMAN TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION