africa geography 2 nd largest continent (behind asia) 3 times larger than the united states contains...
TRANSCRIPT
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AFRICA
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GEOGRAPHY
• 2nd largest continent (behind Asia)
• 3 times larger than the United States
• Contains a plethora of geographic features & wildlife
• population = 1,030,500,000 (2012 estimate); about 14% of the world’s population
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5 GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS
NORTH AFRICA
• Features: Thin coastal plain & inland desert (Sahara)
• Location: Borders the Mediterranean Sea
• Coastal N.A. – mild temperature and frequent rainfall
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REGIONS cont.
EAST AFRICA
• Sahel – great plateau w/ moderate rainfall and large savannas (treeless plains)
• Savannas south of the Sahara constitute about 40% of Africa’s land
• Great Rift Valley – 40 m. wide; 2,000 ft. deep; 3,000 m. long (Red Sea to S. Africa)
• Mts. – Kenya and Kilimanjaro
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REGIONS cont.
WEST AFRICA
• narrow coastal plain
• Rivers – Niger and Zaire (Congo)
• Few natural harbors and limited river travel isolated early civilizations in this area (made conquest by foreigners difficult as well)
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REGIONS cont.
CENTRAL AFRICA
• Tropical forests so thick sunlight does not reach the floor
• Climate is hot & humid but turns into desert in the south/central Africa
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REGIONS cont.
SOUTH AFRICA
• Far south has cool, fertile highlands
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Deserts
• Sahara and the Kalahari make up about 1/3 of Africa’s land• Sahara mostly wasteland of rocks and pebbles• About 90 inhabited oases in Sahara
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Dry Grasslands
• Semiarid climate: less than 20 inches of rainfall per year• Nomads live here with herds• Suitable for grazing, but not for farming
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RIFT VALLEYS
• Earth’s crust pulls apart
• Block of crust sinks
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GREAT RIFT VALLEY
• 4,000 miles long
• The Great Rift Valley is rich in minerals and metals
• Good soil for farming
• Largest lakes in Africa are along the Great Rift Valley
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GRV
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HIGHLANDS
• The most fertile land in Africa• Found mostly in the southern region
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TROPICAL FORESTS
• Constant Rainfall
• Heavy vegetation
• Mostly in the central regions, along the equator
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Savanna
• Grassy plains that cover 2/5 of the continent• Difficult for farming, but has always supported the most life
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AFRICA’S
MAJOR LAND - FORMS
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SAHARA• Largest desert in the
world (N. Africa)
• 3”- 5” of rain or less per year (some areas go years without rain)
• Temperatures get as high as 130 and as low as freezing
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NILE RIVER
• Northeast Africa
• Longest river in the world (about 4,000 miles long)
• Source - Lake Victoria
• Mouth – Mediterranean Sea
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LAKE VICTORIA
• Largest African lake
• Source of the Nile River
• Many isles and prehistoric remains
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MT. KILIMANJARO
• Highest African mountain (19,340 ft)
• Located in Tanzania
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SERENGETI NAT’L PARK
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EMERGING CIVILIZATIONS
KUSH1. When
2. Where
3. Source of power/wealth
4. Religion
5. Downfall
AXUM1. When
2. Where
3. Source of power/wealth
4. Religion
5.Downfall
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EMERGING CIVILIZATIONS
KUSHWhen – emerge around 1000 b.c.
and conquered Egypt in 750 b.c.Where – EgyptSource of power/wealth – tradeCharacteristics - wealthy, urban,
lot of tradeDownfall – taken over by Axum in
the A.D. 300s
AXUMWhen – take over the Kush in the
A.D. 300sWhere – modern day EthiopiaSource of power/wealth – tradeCharacteristics – wealthy, lot of
trade, ChristianDownfall – overtaken by Muslims
by about the 15th century
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AFRICAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE
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TOWNS• Began as fortified villages
and grew into larger communities
• Centers of gov’t and trade
• Home to skilled artisans and diverse markets
• Most of what we know comes from descriptions of travelers
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KINGS AND SUBJECTS
• Gulf was not as great between ruler and ruled as in other areas (ruler would hold audiences)
• King was held in high regard
• Both sides tried to benefit (relationship with merchants)
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FAMILY AND LINEAGE• Basic structure of society was the
extended family (parents, children, grandparents…)
• Extended families were combined into larger communities known as lineage groups
• Members of a LG could claim to be descendants of a real or legendary common ancestor
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ROLE OF WOMEN
• Usually subordinate to men
• Some valued for work they could do or children they could produce
• Often worked in fields (some merchants)
• Many societies are matrilineal – lineage is passed on through the mother, not the father
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COMMUNITY AND EDUCATION
• Different villages had different methods of raising and educating children
• Congo – boys and girls were raised by mom until age 6. Learned language, family history, songs…
• After that they were separated, girls to the “house of women” and boys to the “house of men”
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GIRLS
Taking care of the home
Working in the fields
How to be a good mother
How to be a good wife
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BOYSHUNTING
fishing
Growing plants
Clearing fields for planting
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SLAVERY• Europeans started using African
slaves on a large scale basis around 1500
• Slavery in Africa had actually been practiced for centuries before the Europeans arrived
• Berber groups in NA captured slaves from sub-Saharan Africa and sold them throughout the Mediterranean world
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SLAVERY cont.• Slaves included:• Prisoners of war• Debtors• Criminals
• They were not necessarily seen as inferior (major difference between slavery in the colonies)
• Some were respected for their skills and could win their freedom
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ROLES OF SLAVES
working the land
soldiers
servants