after the cold war: 1992-2004 chapter 16 mechikoff & estes, a history and philosophy of sport...
TRANSCRIPT
After the Cold War: 1992-2004
Chapter 16
Mechikoff & Estes, A History and Philosophy of Sport and Physical Education, Fourth Edition © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introduction
Cold War ended and new problems aroseTwo most visible for Olympic Games:
Doping and commercialization
Interest in the games remained highGlobal tensions emerged
The XVI Winter Olympics: Albertville/Savoie, 1992
Organizing committee headed by Jean-Claude Killy and Michel Barnier
“Environmental responsibility”
Security costs: 64.4 million francs
CBS paid $243 million to broadcastEuropean Broadcast Union (EBU): $27 million
Alps provided a magnificent setting
Albertville/Savoie, 1992 : Notables
1,801 athletes competed from 64 nations
Focus: dual between America’s figure skatersTonya Harding and Nancy Kerrigan
American Kristi Yamaguchi won the gold in figure skating
Olympic movement experienced enormous growthCaused IOC problems
The XXV Olympiad: Barcelona, 1992
IOC president Samaranch hosted Games in home town
Perhaps greatest Olympics ever
Cost estimated at $7.5 billionNBC paid $350 million to secure broadcast rights
9,364 athletes from 170 nations competed, 2,708 womenSocial theme of the Games was “smoke free”
Most peaceful in recent history
Barcelona, 1992
5 athletes tested positive for banned substances
U.S. won 108 medals
Old Soviet Union competed as Commonwealth of Independent States
won the most medals
Barcelona, 1992
U.S. men’s basketball “Dream Team” in spotlight
Won gold with professional players
Carl Lewis—third consecutive gold in long jump
Cuba continued to dominate in boxing
XVII Winter Olympics: Lillehammer, 1994
1,737 athletes from 67 nations compete,521 were women
Famous northern lights used as logo of the Games
Games based on the respect of the environment
Facilities were first rate
Lillehammer, 1994Controversy with T. Harding and N. Kerrigan
Kerrigan won silver medal and Harding finished 8th
U.S. won the gold in men’s downhillBonnie Blair, speed skater, won 3 gold medalsU.S. team won 13 medalsRussians won 23
The Centennial Olympiad: Atlanta, 1996
Olympiad symbolized first 100 years of modern Olympic Games
People of Atlanta reflected spirit of Olympism
30,000 security personnel were assigned to protect the athletes
Atlanta, 1996
Torch relay covered 15,000 miles, 43 states
11,000 athletes from 197 nations attended
NBC televised opening ceremonies live to 3.5 billion viewers worldwide
plenty of commercial advertisements
Atlanta, 1996: Notables
July 27, 1996: Centennial Olympic Park bombed
100 people were injured and 2 were killed
Games continued as scheduledU.S. team won the most medals: 101Germany won 65 medals, Russians third with 61Both U.S. basketball teams won gold
XVIII Nagano Winter Olympic Games
Worldwide audience of 3 billion watched 2,339 athletes competeNagano had three goals
Promote the participation of childrenPay homage to natureHost festival of peace and friendship
American hockey favored to win goldLost early, embarrassed U.S. with behavior
Scandals and Ill-gotten Gains
Scandal between IOC and host cities Nagano, Atlanta, and Salt Lake City
Accusations of bribes
Some IOC members found guilty, forced out
Several resigned
2001: IOC elected Jacques Rogge, orthopedic surgeon, IOC
XXVII Olympiad: Sydney, 2000
IOC needed successful Games
Estimated 11,147 athletes from 200 countries competed
North and South Korea marched together as “KOREA”
Aboriginal woman, Cathy Freeman, became star of Games
Received average of 12 terrorist threats a day
Sydney, 2000: Notables
The U.S. team made up of no-name minor league players beat the Cubans 4-0 to win gold in baseballTechnology played central role
Extensive use of the internet as millions followed action in “real time”Many equipment advances
Marion Jones won 5 medals in track and fieldHusband tested positive for a banned substance
6 positive drug tests, a few medals stripped as result
XIX Winter Games, Salt Lake City, 2002
Global politics were tense and volatileTerrorist activities in Middle EastSeptember 11, 2001
• World Trade Center: Over 3,000 civilians killed
Security at all time high
Drug use again a problemWADA conducted thorough testingApparent double standard in IOC testing
Salt Lake City, 2002: Notables
3,500 athletes from 80 countries competedSLOC budget over $1 billionLargest program in Olympic historyAmerican notable athletes
Sarah Hughes, Apolo Anton Ohno, Jim Shea, Jr.
Salt Lake City, 2002Gold medalist Johann Muehlegg, carrying the Spanish flag (German who immigrated to Spain to compete for Spanish team and was caught doping at Salt Lake Olympics; he had to return his medals)
Salt Lake City, 2002
Salt Lake City, 2002
Women’s Luge
XXVIII Olympiad: Athens, 2004
Global tension still evidentU.S. involved in war (Afghanistan, Iraq)
Host city faced financial difficulties
Greeks pulled together impressively to complete preparations
Security, doping, commercialization continued to be issues
Athens, 2004: Notables
10,500 athletes from 201 countries competed
4515 women
Iraqi Olympic teamMen’s soccer team did surprisingly wellTrack team included a woman
Opening ceremonies dazzledU.S. won most medals, 103
Athens, 2004
Athens, 2004
Athens, 2004
Winners crowned with olive wreaths, as in ancient Olympic Games