Age of JeffersonAge of Jefferson

Unit IIIAUnit IIIA

AP United States HistoryAP United States History

Thomas Jefferson (D-R) (1801-1809)Thomas Jefferson (D-R) (1801-1809) Plantation and slave owner from Plantation and slave owner from

Virginia Virginia Statesman Statesman

AssemblymanAssemblyman Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence GovernorGovernor Minister to FranceMinister to France Secretary of StateSecretary of State Vice-PresidentVice-President PresidentPresident

Democratic-RepublicanDemocratic-Republican Founded the party in opposition to Founded the party in opposition to

Alexander Hamilton’s FederalistsAlexander Hamilton’s Federalists Kentucky ResolutionKentucky Resolution Inaugural AddressInaugural Address

““Every difference of opinion is not a difference of Every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle... We are all Republicans, we are all principle... We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.”Federalists.”

““Renaissance Man” Renaissance Man” Inventor, philosopher, architect, Inventor, philosopher, architect,

scientistscientist

What is Jeffersonianism?What is Jeffersonianism? Republicanism and Civic VirtueRepublicanism and Civic Virtue

Civic dutyCivic duty Voting and efficacyVoting and efficacy Right to educationRight to education

Natural Elites Natural Elites Resist corruptionResist corruption

Federalism and States’ RightsFederalism and States’ Rights Ultimate sovereignty in the states and nullificationUltimate sovereignty in the states and nullification Strict constitutionalistStrict constitutionalist Dominant legislature, weak judiciaryDominant legislature, weak judiciary Economic coercion over standing armiesEconomic coercion over standing armies

Yeoman Farmers as Ideal CitizensYeoman Farmers as Ideal Citizens Educated landowners exemplified independence and virtueEducated landowners exemplified independence and virtue

Agriculture Over Manufacture/IndustryAgriculture Over Manufacture/Industry Responsibility of subsistenceResponsibility of subsistence Dependence led to class conflictDependence led to class conflict

Empire of Liberty and Foreign PolicyEmpire of Liberty and Foreign Policy America’s responsibility to spread democracyAmerica’s responsibility to spread democracy Avoid entangling alliancesAvoid entangling alliances

SocietySociety Republican motherhood; absent from politicsRepublican motherhood; absent from politics Natives capable, just need to catch up (noble savages)Natives capable, just need to catch up (noble savages) Black inferiority and white superiorityBlack inferiority and white superiority Separation of Church and StateSeparation of Church and State

Was Jefferson Jeffersonian?Was Jefferson Jeffersonian?

Consider the following historical concepts Consider the following historical concepts and events in regards to the question…and events in regards to the question…

The Federal JudiciaryThe Federal Judiciary Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase Barbary/Tripoli PiratesBarbary/Tripoli Pirates Embargo Act of 1807Embargo Act of 1807

First Political Party System (1789-1824)

► FederalistsFederalists National policiesNational policies Strong central governmentStrong central government Loose constructionistsLoose constructionists Commerce and manufacturingCommerce and manufacturing UrbanUrban The rich, the well-born, the able; The rich, the well-born, the able;

merchants, bankersmerchants, bankers Pro-BritishPro-British

► Anti-French revolutionAnti-French revolution

NortheastNortheast

► Democratic-RepublicansDemocratic-Republicans States rightsStates rights Strong local/state governmentsStrong local/state governments Strict constructionistsStrict constructionists AgriculturalAgricultural RuralRural Small farmers, plantation Small farmers, plantation

owners, artisansowners, artisans Anti-BritishAnti-British

► Pro-French RevolutionPro-French Revolution

West and SouthWest and South

Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson

Jefferson and the Federal JudiciaryJefferson and the Federal Judiciary

Midnight JudgesMidnight Judges Judiciary Act of 1801Judiciary Act of 1801 Adams (F) last minute federal Adams (F) last minute federal

judicial appointmentsjudicial appointments Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison (1803) (1803)

Judicial review Judicial review ““It is emphatically the province It is emphatically the province

and duty of the judicial and duty of the judicial department to say what the law department to say what the law is.” – Chief Justice John Marshallis.” – Chief Justice John Marshall

ImpeachmentsImpeachments John PickeringJohn Pickering Associate Justice Samuel ChaseAssociate Justice Samuel Chase

Jefferson and the Louisiana PurchaseJefferson and the Louisiana Purchase(1803)(1803)

Napoleon’s PlansNapoleon’s Plans Jefferson’s PlanJefferson’s Plan

Brokered a deal for Brokered a deal for $15 million$15 million

Doubles the size of Doubles the size of the United Statesthe United States

Federalist Federalist oppositionopposition

Lewis and Clark Lewis and Clark ExpeditionExpedition

Jefferson and the Barbary/Tripoli PiratesJefferson and the Barbary/Tripoli Pirates

Washington and AdamsWashington and Adams Paid bribes to Barbary Paid bribes to Barbary

states to avoid piracystates to avoid piracy JeffersonJefferson

Barbary states increase Barbary states increase bribesbribes

U.S. Navy and Marines U.S. Navy and Marines dispatcheddispatched

Treaty reached in American Treaty reached in American favorfavor

Jefferson and the Embargo ActJefferson and the Embargo Act Napoleonic WarsNapoleonic Wars

Britain vs FranceBritain vs France British and French British and French

impressment of impressment of AmericansAmericans HMS Leopard and USS HMS Leopard and USS

ChesapeakeChesapeake

Embargo Act of 1807Embargo Act of 1807 Prohibited vessels from Prohibited vessels from

leaving American ports leaving American ports for foreign portsfor foreign ports

Economic impact on Economic impact on AmericansAmericans

Election of 1808Election of 1808 James Madison (D-R)James Madison (D-R) Charles Pinckney (F)Charles Pinckney (F) Federalists gained Federalists gained

congressional seatscongressional seats

James Madison (D-R) (1809-1817)James Madison (D-R) (1809-1817)

Napoleonic WarsNapoleonic Wars Impressment continuesImpressment continues

Non-intercourse Act of 1809Non-intercourse Act of 1809 Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810) Western FrontierWestern Frontier

Alleged British influence on Alleged British influence on NativesNatives

Native warsNative wars War of 1812War of 1812

Causes of the War of 1812Causes of the War of 1812 United States vs. Great United States vs. Great

BritainBritain British impressmentBritish impressment Alleged British influence in the Alleged British influence in the

western frontierwestern frontier

War Hawks in CongressWar Hawks in Congress John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun Henry ClayHenry Clay

Opposition to WarOpposition to War FederalistsFederalists Old guard Dem-RepsOld guard Dem-Reps New England and merchantsNew England and merchants

War of 1812War of 1812British InvasionBritish Invasion

Chesapeake CampaignChesapeake Campaign Invasion of Washington D.C.Invasion of Washington D.C.

Burning of the White HouseBurning of the White House Nature FTWNature FTW

Fort McHenry and BaltimoreFort McHenry and Baltimore Star-Spangled Banner and Star-Spangled Banner and

Francis Scott KeyFrancis Scott Key

““Old Ironsides”Old Ironsides”

42 Wins0 Losses

- Constructed in 1797- Still in commission

War of 1812War of 1812Battles with Frontier NativesBattles with Frontier Natives

Tecumseh’s WarTecumseh’s War Battle of Tippecanoe Battle of Tippecanoe

(1811)(1811) Battle of the Thames Battle of the Thames

(1813)(1813) Creek WarCreek War

Battle of Horseshoe Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814)Bend (1814)

End of the WarEnd of the War

End of Napoleonic WarsEnd of Napoleonic Wars Treaty of Ghent Treaty of Ghent

(December 1814)(December 1814) Battle of New Orleans Battle of New Orleans

(January 1815)(January 1815)

Hartford Convention (1814)Hartford Convention (1814) PlatformPlatform

Federal economic assistance Federal economic assistance for New Englandfor New England

2/3 congressional majority for 2/3 congressional majority for embargoes, state admission, embargoes, state admission, and declaration of warand declaration of war

Rescind the Three-Fifths Rescind the Three-Fifths CompromiseCompromise

One-term president and no One-term president and no same-state successorsame-state successor

Talk of secession by radicalsTalk of secession by radicals

After War of 1812After War of 1812 Perceived as traitorsPerceived as traitors Effectively weakened as a Effectively weakened as a

national partynational party

War of 1812’s ImpactWar of 1812’s Impact Growth of nationalismGrowth of nationalism Ushered in an “Era of Good Feelings”Ushered in an “Era of Good Feelings” Domestic industrial and manufacturing Domestic industrial and manufacturing

developmentdevelopment Emphasis on national infrastructureEmphasis on national infrastructure Promotion of professional militaryPromotion of professional military International respectInternational respect Natives significantly weakenedNatives significantly weakened Increased drive to expand westIncreased drive to expand west