Age of Revolution

Age of RevolutionAmerican Revolution American RevolutionEngland established 13 colonies between 1607 and 1733.The first permanent English settlement was Jamestown, settled in 1607 in Virginia.In 1620 the colony of Plymouth was settled by Pilgrims seeking freedom of religion.JamestownFounded in 1607Created by the Virginia Company (joint- stock company)Goal: Make $$$1st Permanent English Settlement in New World

JamestownTobacco: Virginia GoldJohn RolfePlantations (large farms) createdCash Crop economy

JamestownIndentured ServantsPlantation Workers:5-7 year service agreementPay for voyageFood & shelterLand after contract completed

SlaverySlaves replace indentured servantsMiddle Passage: Journey from Africa to AmericaPart of the Triangular Trade Slave Codes: Harsh laws against slavesSlave Response: Suicide, vandalism, revolts

Coffin Position Below Deck

8Pilgrims1620: Arrive @ Plymouth Separatists: Believed Church of England was corrupt. Never to return to England.

William Bradford: Pilgrim leader

Life in AmericaLand was cheaper in the New World than EnglandPeople could earn money and not be poor.For more than 150 years, England pretty much left the colonists alone. All that changed in 1763 after the end of the French and Indian War.England & Colonial AmericaSalutary Neglect: English policy of leaving the colonies to develop on their own.The main goal of England: To make money

MercantilismEconomic ideaColonyMother CountryRaw Materials& Gold/SilverFinished ProductsFrench & Indian War(1754 1763)The first major step in the road to Revolution

CausesDesire to control the Ohio River ValleyLingering hostilities between the French and British & the Indians and ColonistsGeorge Washingtons attack @ Fort Duquesne

Treaty of Paris(1763)Ends the WarFrance removed from North AmericaGreat Britain emerged as dominant world powerColonies have an increased confidence in military strength

George GrenvilleBritish Prime Minister (1763-1765)Tax colonists to pay debtSugar Act & Stamp Act

Stamp ActTax applied to all paper documentsColonists should pay their fair share of colonial defense

Boston Massacre(March 5,1770)

British soldiers fire on an unruly mobCrispus AttucksWhat is a massacre?19Soldiers represented by John AdamsTea Act (1773)British East India Co: Monopoly on American tea tradeLowers the price of teaColonists reaction: Boston Tea Party

20Threatens livelihood of American tea merchants and if accepted it verified the right of parliament to tax colonistsTea shipments to other colonies turned around before reaching portMassachusetts Defies BritainIn December 1773, tea ships from the East India Company arrived in Boston HarborColonists boarded the ship and dumped the tea into the harborThis became known as the Boston Tea PartyThe Boston Tea Party led to the British passing four new laws called the Coercive Acts.

Massachusetts Defies BritainThese acts were an attempt to stop colonial challenges of British authority The Coercive Acts violated several English rights, including the right to trial by a jury of ones peers and the right not to have troops quartered in ones homeThe Quebec Act gave more territory to Quebec and stated that a governor and council appointed by the king would run Quebec.Massachusetts Defies BritainThe Coercive Acts and the Quebec Act became known as the Intolerable Acts.The First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in 1774.The congress wrote the Declaration of Rights and Grievances, which expressed loyalty to the king but condemned the Coercive Acts and announced that the colonies were forming a nonimportation associationIntolerable Acts (1774)Closed Boston harbor Massachusetts charter revokedColonists must house troopsThe Revolution BeginsThe town of Concord created a special unit of minutemen, trained and ready to fight the British at a minutes warning.The American Revolution was not just a war between Americans and British but a war between Loyalists and Patriots.Americans called Loyalists, or Tories, remained loyal to the king and felt British laws should be upheld.The Revolution BeginsThe group included government officials, prominent merchants, landowners, and a few farmers.The Patriots, or Whigs, thought the British were tyrants.Patriots included artisans, farmers, merchants, planters, lawyers, and urban workers.Lexington & ConcordPaul Revere, William Dawes, and Doctor Samuel Prescott rode from Boston to warn Lexington and Concord.Paul Revere and William Dawes was stopped in Lexington, but Dr. Prescott was able to continue to Concord and warn the MinutemenLexington & ConcordBritish search for: colonial weapons, Sam Adams and John HancockCasualties: 8 colonists killed70 Redcoats killed, 300 injuries totalLexington and ConcordThis was the first shots of the American Revolutionary War. The shot heard round the world.There was no turning back now and the world would take notice of what occurred here.Americans Win IndependenceThe Influence of the EnlightenmentColonial leaders push for independence, rely on Enlightenment ideasDeclaration of Independencedocument justifying colonial rebellionLeader Thomas Jefferson writes Declaration, uses ideas of John Locke

Declaration of IndependenceMain author: Thomas Jefferson3 Parts: Preamble, grievances, formal declaration

Declaration of Independence

Goal: Tell colonists and other countries of our plansGain support from more colonists and countries (France and Spain)Concepts of the DeclarationJohn LockeBritish philosopherTwo Treatises on Government

Natural RightsLife, Liberty, PropertyRulers cannot take these rights awaySocial ContractPeople = PowerPeople create governmentprotect their rights

Social Contract

.People should break their contractIf rights are not protected..Battle of Saratoga 10/17/1777Turning point of warFrance give full support to colonistsYorktown (1781)Last major battle of the warFrench naval blockadeWashingtons army forced General Cornwallis to surrender

Americans Win IndependenceSuccess for the ColonistsDespite British military might, colonists have advantages:Motivating cause of freedomFrench assistanceWars expense for BritainBritish surrender at Yorktown in 1781; colonists win the war

A World Turned Upside DownThe Declaration of Independence said that all men are created equal.The declaration also said that people had a right to choose their own form of government.In 1789, the people of France followed the lead of the Americans.The French also turned their world upside down.