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Agenda Analyze Data Multimedia Overview Notes Student Workbook Project

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Open you Textbook to pgs. 530-531 Analyze the photo of the worlds first nuclear artillery shell test fired in May 1953 (over 62 years ago). ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS in you notebook: 1. How did the atomic bomb change relations between nations? 2. Do you think the invention of the atomic bomb made the world safer?

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World War II Summary The Impact of Total War

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Economic Damage: Western Europe Impact of Strategic Bombing 75% of Berlin Uninhabitable 20 million homeless in Germany Dutch lose 219,000 hectares of land French lose 40% of pre- war transportation systems Norway lost 14% pre- war capital Dresden After Allied Bombing

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The Human Cost 36 million Europeans die! Deadliest and Most Destructive Conflict in Human History

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Military Deaths COUNTRYMILITARY DEATHS USSR8.6 million Germany4 million Italy400,000 Rumania300,000 D-Day Invasion

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Civilian Deaths COUNTRYCIVILIAN DEATHS USSR16 million Poland5 million Yugoslavia1.4 million Greece430,000 France350,000 Hungary270,000 Netherlands204,000 Rumania200,000 ALL EUROPE19 million

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Eastern Europe Soviet troops physically occupied E. Europe at end of WWII. USSR viewed E. Europe as essential to its security It wanted a sphere of influence.

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YALTA CONFERENCE Paranoid, Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union refused to fly in aircraft. He wanted to travel by train. The town Yalta on the Crimean peninsula in the Black Sea, had seaside resorts was chosen because it offered the most accessible place for all the leaders from US, England and the Soviet Union. Also, because represented the stunning successes of the Soviet Union the year before YALTA

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Yalta (February, 1945) U.S. & GB formally accept Soviet domination of Eastern Europe Left out issue of Germany b/c it was so divisive Did FDR sell out? The Big Three at Yalta

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Divided by Default US came to favor a unified Germany w/ reconstructed economy. USSR still saw a restored Germany as a major threat. Britain, France, USA merged zones to form West Germany (May, 1949). USSR established East Germany as a satellite state (Oct. 1949). Divided Berlin East Germany West Germany

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THE YALTA CONFERENCE 1945 Open your textbooks to page 533. Analyzing Visuals 1.Specifying In the Declaration of Liberated Europe, what three things did the Big Three promise to help the peoples of Europe do? 2.Locating In what zone in the divided Germany was Berlin located?

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The Foundation of West Germany (1949) May 23, 1949: The American, French, and British military zones are merged into the Federal Republic of Germany The Allies thought that the Soviets were trying to undermine the German economy While the Germans had their own government, the Allies kept their armies in place

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Potsdam July 17-August 2, 1945 Agreement to prosecute Axis war criminals (Nuremberg Trials) Temporary division of Germany into 4 zones German question to be decided at final peace conference, which never occurs. Atlee Truman Stalin (GB) (USA) (USSR)

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The Nuremburg Trials (1946) Most suspects claimed the court had no jurisdiction Claimed it was victors justice In all, about 1800 Germans tried after WWII Similar trials were held in Japan & Italy First known war crimes trial. No clear legal precedent.

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The United Nations UN founded Oct. 1945 Security Council Five permanent members w/ vetoes: United States, Great Britain, France, USSR & China Truman Addresses the UN Conference (1945)

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Events That Led to Cold War Disagreement over Germany Soviet Union refusal to honor Declaration Of Liberated Europe Soviet Actions in Poland Potsdam Conference

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The Soviets promised that Poland would have free elections then refused to let the Poles vote. Pretend that you are a Polish citizen. Create a journal entry and write 2-3 sentences about how you would feel to learn that your country was not liberated and your right to vote was suddenly gone.

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The Commonality Find commonalities between the atomic bomb and a Cartoon character. Draw 3 things they share. The Brick Wall Consider an alternative to using the atomic bomb. Draw a picture to show how you would have stopped WWII? The Prediction What do you predict would have happened if Japan knew about the atomic bomb? Draw a picture of your prediction.

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NATO and the Warsaw Pact (1945 - 1955)

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Soviet Goals After WWIIUSA Goals After WWII Keep Germany weakRepair European economies Encourage CommunismAvoid future wars

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1945

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1948 Communist Coup in Czechoslovakia

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1948 June 1948: The Berlin Airlift Begins

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1948 Tito breaks from the Soviet Union

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Yugoslavia breaks from the Soviet Union Yugoslavia was communist Its leader, Tito, didnt like Stalin because he did not want the country to be controlled by the Soviet Union Stalin stopped providing money and weapons to Yugoslavia

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1949 April 4, 1949: NATO founded

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

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1949 US deploys nuclear weapons to defend Western Europe

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1952 Communists take over Poland

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Communists take Poland (1952) The Soviets liberated Poland from the Nazis in 1944, and set up their own government (500,000 Soviet troops there) After the war, a coalition government was established between the communists and the pro-US politicians By 1952 the communists were in complete control of Poland

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1952 Greece and Turkey join NATO

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1955 West Germany joins NATO The Warsaw Pact is formed

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The Warsaw Pact is Formed The Soviets were afraid of an American attack once West Germany built an army They made a military alliance with the other communist countries in Europe to defend each other in case NATO attacked them

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A silent war of hostility and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union.

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RIGHT NOW-TODAY: PROBLEMS WITH RUSSIA AND THE UKRAINE.

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Russia is at it again. It is taking parts of a country, Urkraine, that was independent. 10 Reasons Why Russia invaded Ukraine http://www.ritholtz.com/blog/2014/03/10-reasons-why- russia-invaded-ukraine/

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