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AGILE FOR EVERYONEA Fundamental Course on AgileBy: Gourab Nanda

I A M N E W T O A G I L E

I A M A N A G I L E P R A C T I C T I O N E R

I A M L E A D I N G A N A G I L E T E A M

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RE-INVENTING MYSELFBECOMING AGILE – DOING WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE NOW

Gourab Nanda

Worked as an Engineer, Software Programmer, IT Consultant, and IT Manager (1995 – 2006).

Started first company, MyBusinessAssistant, in 2007; (sold in 2012). Then founded VendorFit.com (B2B Software Recommendation Platform). It failed but learnt a lot of valuable lessons.

Conducted over 400 Agile and Scrum sessions in North America, providing private Agile and Scrum Program to companies such as: Bank of America, Philips, GlaxoSmith, American Express, MITRE, PWC, Department of Justice, NCTC (CIA), USPS, SAIC, NATO, Guardian Life, Kaiser Permanente, DnB, Customer Bank, AARP, Booz Allen, Katz Business School and many more

Practicing and coaching Agile and human transformation techniques

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COURSE OBJECTIVE

Understand the meaning, need, and principles of Agile along with the competencies required, without making a single framework or methodology as a basis.

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COURSE AGENDA 1. What and Why of Agile

2. Agile Mindset

3. Value-Based Delivery

4. Systems Thinking

5. Self-Managed Team

6. Learning and Growth

7. Servant Leadership

8. What’s Next? (Career Options)

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What is your understanding of Agile?

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AGILE: DICTIONARY MEANINGag·ile

Adjective

• able to move quickly and easily.

"Ruth was as agile as a monkey"

synonyms: nimble, lithe, supple, limber, acrobatic, fleet-footed, light-footed, light on one's feet

antonyms: clumsy, stiff, slow, dull

• able to think and understand quickly.

"his vague manner concealed an agile mind"

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AGILE: BEING RESPONSIVE

In an uncertain situation,

Do you React? Do you Respond?

What difference does it make?

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AGILITY IN BUSINESS

“Agility is the ability to both create and respond to change in order to profit in a turbulent business environment. Agility is the ability to balance flexibility and stability.”

- Jim Highsmith, 2002

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- Charles Darwin

MY FAVORITE AGILE QUOTE

“It’s neither the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the ones most responsive to change.”

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THE NEW AGE WORK

From Industrial Work• Work is visible • Work is stable (not much variation in output) • Emphasis on process efficiency• More structure with centralized decision• Define the task• Command and Control• Strict standards• Focus on quantity• Measure performance to defined standards• Minimize cost of workers for a task

To Knowledge Work• Work is invisible• Work is constantly changing• Emphasis on fast value delivery• Less structure with decentralized decisions• Understand your customer• Give autonomy• Continuous innovation• Focus on value• Inspect and Adapt• Treat workers as appreciating assets, not costs 1.10

TOWARDS

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ARE YOU READY TO CHANGE?

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KNOWLEDGE WORK ENVIRONMENT REQUIRES A COMPLETE CHANGE IN MINDSET.

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AN AGILE MIND

Moving away from Plan and Control

Moving towards Sense and Respond

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Agile started as a software product management methodology but slowlybecame a needed mindset for overall organizational operation in this current fast paced world.

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THE HOUSE OF ORGANIZATIONAL AGILITY

SERVANT LEADERSHIP

AGILE MINDSET

4 COMMITMENTS

VALUE BASED

DELIVERY

SYSTEMS THINKING

SELF MANAGED

TEAMS

LEARNING AND

GROWTH

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SOFTWARE PROJECTS WERE FAILING

Until recently, around 60-75% of software projects either failed or were severely challenged across all industries. Source: Standish Group Chaos Report

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Agile was not developed in a single day. People across the globe felt the need for adaptive project management because they saw that traditional predictive waterfall methods failed to support the uncertainty involved in software development.

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WATERFALL VS. AGILE

FIXED Requirements Cost Time

ESTIMATE Cost Time Features

PLAN Driven

VALUEDriven

Given specific requirements, how long will it take and how much will it cost?

Given a fixed cost and a fixed time-frame, how fast can we deliver value?

AgileWaterfall

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AGILE PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Achieve the highest Economic Value in the shortest time possible.

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© AgileTraining.CoDO YOU KNOW?

The most important thing to know about Agile methods or processes is that there is no such thing. There are only Agile people.

The processes that we describe as “Agile” are designed to create environments for people to become Agile.

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AGILE METHODOLOGIES

Crystal 1988

Dynamic Systems

Development Method 1995

Feature Driven Development

1997

Adaptive Software Development 2000

Scrum1995

Extreme Programming 1996

The most popular Agile methodology available is Scrum. It’s simply a rulebook (as described in Scrumguides.org) as to what some of the best practices are to follow to create an Agile team.

Extreme Programming (XP) practices are mostly used to bring good discipline within the development team.

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COMMITMENT 1:

VALUE-BASED DELIVERY

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THE HOUSE OF ORGANIZATIONAL AGILITY

SERVANT LEADERSHIP

AGILE MINDSET

4 COMMITMENTS

VALUE BASED

DELIVERY

SYSTEMS THINKING

SELF MANAGED

TEAMS

LEARNING AND

GROWTH

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• Every organization exists to deliver value to their customers

• Customers are willing to pay for what is valuable to them and not what is given to them

• A product, feature, or service is only valuable in a certain time and context

• The value delivered should make economic sense to both the customers and producers

VALUE-BASED DELIVERY

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ARE WE DELIVERING THE RIGHT THINGS?

In software applications, when asked about the actual features used:Most value is only in 20% of the delivered solution.

Always Often Sometimes Rarely Never

35%

5%

15%

20%

25%

Standish Group Survey

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WHO

FACTORS AFFECTING VALUE

Remember: Value is always a function of time and context.

How well do we know the people we are serving?

What exactly will help them now?

WHEN

Is timing important? Is there a cost of delay?

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Your customersValue that would help and the price they are willing to pay

The timing and context of delivery

WHAT

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EXERCISE-15 minutes

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Scenario

You prepared a very nice three-course meal for a group of people, but they are not hungry at all.

Right Product Right Customer Wrong Time

You prepared a nice sandwich meal, but the people who are going to eat prefer pizza.

In the Google Spreadsheet, you are given different scenarios. AssignRight Product, Wrong ProductRight Customer, Wrong Customer

Right Time, Wrong Time

Example:

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AGILE PRODUCT DELIVERY

Delivering the Right Productto the Right Customer

at the Right Time

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• The more we understand our customers and their needs and wants, the better we can serve them

• Understand their work environment, buying habits, fears, likes, dislikes, etc.

• Customers could be internal or external to the organization

HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW YOUR CUSTOMERS

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TOOLS TO KNOW CUSTOMERS

SaraWHO SHE IS:Sara shops at Target once every 2-3 months, but browses products online at least once a month. She’s trendy and knows what’s in style and looks to Target to give her stylish options at an affordable price. She seeks out inspiration for new decorating ideas and looks for curated collections that match her style. She’s confident in her own decorating abilities.

WHAT SHE CARES ABOUT:• Wants her home to feel like her own but also on trend• Wants home goods products that are stylish at an affordable price• Finding a good deal and telling her friends about it

GOALS:• Wants to easily find what’s new so she doesn’t miss out on any new

products• Likes to shop online by style so she can buy products that match her décor• Browses by curated collections for decorating ideas• Buys online if there are reviews from other people

DESIGNING FOR HER:• Design for a personalized shopping experience• Needs collections and specific keywords to find styles she likes• Needs to see products in stylized completed rooms• Make customer reviews accessible and easy to find

“I shop online by a specific collection or style that I like”

PERSONALITY:In Store Shopper Online Shopper

Contemporary Trendy

Browse Search

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Customer Journey MapCustomer Persona

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As a group, discuss:

How should you explain value to others? Other than value to end customers, what are some of the other ways an organization should realize value?

Explain to others, the product and services that your company is providing to its customers in terms of value.

Example: If you are working for Google, you can say our company helps anyone find any information on the internet.

EXERCISE-26 minutes

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DEFINING VALUE AT ALL LEVELS

In most organizations, value is defined at different levels:

VisionThe future state of the solutions or services that we offer to our customers and WHY that state is right for our customers. Many companies define projects and Epics at this level.

StrategyWhat’s our game plan to achieve the vision above? A product Roadmap with specific business objectives (goals) is a good way to define strategy. The HOWpart of the delivery.

ExecutionWHAT will be done to achieve the goal? Detail scope and technical steps discussed. User Story and Acceptance Criteria of features.

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DEFINE VISION OF A PRODUCT

Vision: What is your vision, a clear direction for developing the product?

Target group

Who are the target users and customers?

Defining the Market Segment

Needs

What problem does the product solve?

What benefits does it provide to the users?

Product Business Value

What’s the name and type of product?

What makes it desirable and special?Key differentiators

How is the product going to benefit the company?

What are the business outcomes/ goals?

What is the business model?

What are the leading indicators?

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PRODUCT VISION EXAMPLE

Vision: Building an independent online app for easy grocery shopping.

Target group

Major Grocery chains and online grocery buyers

Needs

Shoppers pain of going to stores and spending time in grocery shopping

Ease and convivence of grocery shopping from one or multiple stores with home delivery

Product Value

Fastgrocery App

Is a website and mobile app

Multiple revenue streams. A small percentage of the shopping amount to be charged to both grocery company and users.

Partner with UberEATS for delivery

1000 orders within first 6 months with 20% monthly increase

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DEFINE STRATEGY IN A ROADMAP

NOW

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NEXT LATER

Proof of Concept

Usability Engagement

Revenue Wider Product Selection

Usability Advanced Usage

Scalability

One grocery chain in one zip code Run a pilot for one grocery chain in one zip code with up to 1000 SKUs and selected shoppers with free service.

Check Usability and EngagementFeedback on user usability and engagement (percentage of time on site)

Generate revenue with wider product selection Start generating revenue from the pilot store. Offer wider selection of products

Improve in engagement and usability Based on the usability and engagement issues from pilot, improve.

Try 5 chains in 2 citiesScale to multiple store chains at various locations

User experience in Complex orders ManagementObserve users usage on multiple stores in one order

Engagement

Story Map tool can be used to build your roadmap

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DEFINE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

User Story is a great template to define

requirements

The details are in a conversation with the user

Acceptance criteria tells us what scope is needed to

deliver value (for a specific goal)

May be for 3-4 weeks. Not sure how

many.

How long do you want to hold? How

many items? As an online shopper, I need to save my items in a holding cart for future purchases.

• Provide “Save” option for all items

• Notify customers every month on their saved items

• Allow moving from holding cart into shopping cart

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TYPE OF PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

Simple Products and Services:We know What and How. Say we need to prepare a meal for an event, design a table setting or bed, we know how it works. It can be completely planned and delivered.

Complicated Product and Services: We know what we want, but need expert skills on How. For instance, designing a complicated architecture high-rise building, servicing an iPhone’s technical issue, or building a new laptop, etc. It’s complicated, but if we can gather the right expertise, we should be able to deliver.

Complex Value Delivery: We don’t know What or How. We know Why. The company wants to innovate and launch a completely new product line or service. For example, a new service like Uber, new AI-based teaching platform, or a mobile shared ride service, etc.

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THE COMPLEXITY MATRIX

We know WHAT but need special expertise on HOW

We don’t know WHAT exactly we need. No clue on HOW. But know WHY

We have an unexpected messed up situation

We know WHAT and HOW

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CONE OF UNCERTAINITY

TIME

VARIABILITY

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RIGHT ENVIRONMENT FOR VALUE

• An organization should always work on building the right environment for delivering value.

• Since we keep changing what we deliver as value, the environment should be conducive for creating and delivering the right value.

• In a technology product development, the two most important factors for environment are the engineering infrastructure and the skill set of the people.

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As we move from simple to more complex, we need to deliver incrementally.

Get continuous feedback to know if what you are delivering make economic sense to them.

POWER OF INCREMENTAL DELIVERY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0_yKBitO8M

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SERIAL DELIVERY vs. PARALLEL DELIVERY• Your project has 3 features. Features A, B, and C. Each feature will take the entire

team one month to complete and delivers one unit of value.

• If your goal is to deliver the maximum value in the shortest time period, which of these two delivery methods would you recommend?

EXERCISE-35 mins

Feature A Feature B Feature C

Scenario 1 – Serial delivery

Time

Scenario 2 –Parallel delivery

Feature A

Feature B

Feature C

Time

(Assume 20% task switching overhead for each team member in Scenario 2)

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DELIVER VALUE INCREMENTALLYFast Feedback

Time

Valu

e De

liver

y

1 m 2 m 3 m 3.6 m

1 v

2 v

3 v

A A

B

C

B

A

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INCREMENTAL DELIVERY

Requirements

Design

Implementation

Verification

Wat

erfa

ll De

liver

y

Analysis/Documents Design/Architecture Unverified System System

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eliv

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AN ITERATION

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•Monitor process performance

•Conduct regular process audits

•Adjust process as needed

•Continuously improve

• Discover• Design, test, implement

•Create goal•Scope effort•Form team

Plan Do

CheckAdjust

Ready backlog items

Completed items

To be done

KEYS

An Iteration / Sprint

One cycle of a small delivery or experiment in a fixed timebox.

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A SPRINT

SCRUM FRAMEWORK

Product Backlog

Sprint Planning

Sprint Backlog

Sprint Retrospective

Daily Scrum

Sprint Review

Inspired by the Product Vision

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In your group, discuss different examples of simple products, complicated products, and complex products.

Discuss and assign which execution model you would use in the scenarios given in the Google spreadsheet.

EXERCISE-47 mins

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LEAN VS. AGILE

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AGILE

Low

Variability

LEAN

High

High

Agile methods are used to manage variability in the project and lean methods are used to manage llow in the project.

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LEAN FLOW

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A B C

10 Minutes 10 Minutes 10 Minutes

First Piece = 21 MinutesEntire Batch of 10 pieces = 30 minutes

Large Batch Flow

A B C

1 Minute

First Piece = 3 MinutesEntire Batch of 10 pieces = 12 minutes

Small Batch flow

1 Minute 1 Minute

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LEAN PRODUCT FLOW

Stop WorkBusinessHypothesis Build MVP

Implement additionalFeatures

Evaluate MVP

Kanban Flow Projects / Initiatives

Persevere

Pivot

Lean Start Up Cycle

Prioritize based on Feedback and next

economic value

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KANBAN IN STARBUCKS

Average Cycle Time = Work in Process / Throughput

• One Cashier – Avg. 10 secs / order

• One Barista– Avg. 50 secs / order

• Average Throughput– 1 order / min

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Kanban is primarily about controlling Work-in-Process (WIP) to optimize the flow of a system

CONTROL WIP

Backlog Analysis Development Test Deploy3 5 3 5

BOTTLENECK

Doing Done Doing Done

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COMMITMENT 2:SYSTEMS THINKING

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THE HOUSE OF ORGANIZATIONAL AGILITY

SERVANT LEADERSHIP

AGILE MINDSET

4 COMMITMENTS

VALUE BASED

DELIVERY

SYSTEMS THINKING

SELF MANAGED

TEAMS

LEARNING AND

GROWTH

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WHAT IS A SYSTEM?

• A system is a group of interconnected components that work together to achieve a purpose

• Example: A human body, a car, a machine, a software product, a team, an organization, a country

• A system must be managed

• Optimizing a component does not optimize the system. However, optimizing a system, optimizes the components

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Every organizations has one or more systems.

From an Agile point of view, we need to define systems based on how value flows, managed and delivered.

Examples of Systems in a typical company: • A line of business

• Value-Stream

• A Product• A Team

• A Program (Team of Teams)

• Portfolio

The organization must identify all its systems, system owners and their responsibilities.

EXAMPLES

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A SIMPLE FLOW-BASED SYSTEM

Each component is optimized properly but the system is failing. Why?

Who is responsible for the System?

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Focus on the delays!

Request Email Supervisor Approve Email tech

leadTechnical

AssessmentAssign

developer Code & Test To verification Verify To

operations Deploy

Value:

Wait:

1 hour 1 hour 1 hour 1 hour 1 hour 1 hour

1 week 2 week 2 week 1 week 1 week

6 hours

7 weeks

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Discuss in your group different Systems in your organization.

Are there System Owners?

Discuss any problems that your company is facing without Systems Thinking?

EXERCISE-55 mins

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COMMITMENT 3: SELF-MANAGED TEAMS

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THE HOUSE OF ORGANIZATIONAL AGILITY

SERVANT LEADERSHIP

AGILE MINDSET

4 COMMITMENTS

VALUE BASED

DELIVERY

SYSTEMS THINKING

SELF MANAGED

TEAMS

LEARNING AND

GROWTH

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SELF-MANAGED TEAM

Managed team vs. Self-Managed team:

• Managed Team: A group of individuals working for a supervisor/manager. The manager is responsible for the output of the team’s work. The manager is the control center, the primary decision maker, and takes the responsibility for the quality of the output.

• Self-Managed Team: When team members are knowledge workers (know more about the job than the manager) and collectively know the best choices to make in order to achieve a goal, the team should be left to self manage.

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• A self-managed team makes fast decisions, learns fast, and takes corrective actions fast

• A self-managed team is accountable for all decisions taken by them

• The collective intelligence that emerges from a self organized team is much higher than a sum of their individual knowledge

• The work structure of a self–managed team mirrors their communication structure

• The team motivation level is generally high once they achieve a certain level of maturity

ADVANTAGES OF SELF-MANAGED TEAM

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A Self-Managed Team has:

• A role with a purpose: A self-managed team should have a role with a clearly defined purpose. The role has all the authority to make all decisions to achieve the purpose as long as it does not break any of the governing rules mentioned.

• Team Goals: The team should have a shared goal that they are committed to achieve.

• Governing rules: If there are any governing rules that the roles must follow, they should be clearly defined. The rules should be as few as possible.

STRUCTURE OF A SELF-MANAGED TEAM

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COACHING A SELF-MANAGED TEAM

• A right coach can make a disorganized team into a high performing self organized team.

• The coach pays close attention to the behavior of all the members. The coach appreciates and rewards behaviors that help the team perform and grow.

• The coach guides the team to a solution. Not provide a direct solution.

• The coach makes the environment right which is conducive to team productivity and output.

• The coach can help a team develop the proper working agreements to avoid conflicts.

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SCRUM TEAM: THREE CORE ROLES

Scrum Master(One per team)

Product Owner(One per team)

Development Team(3 – 9 people)

• Does the work• Self organizes• Owns Sprint Backlog• All skill sets included

• Represents the business interests

• Sets priorities• Owns the product

backlog

• Facilitates and protects the process

• Removes team impediments

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https://youtu.be/OqmdLcyES_Q

What Motivates Knowledge workers?- Empowerment to

make decisions- Environment to

improve skills- Identifying with a

larger purpose

INTRINSIC MOTIVATION

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TEAM FORMATION STAGES

FormingUnclear roles and responsibilities of team members

StormingConfusion and chaos among members

NormingTeam works together

PerformingConsistently high productivity

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EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE (EQ)

Self AwarenessWhat are you feeling?

How did these feelings arise?

What information do they carry?

Social AwarenessWhat are they feeling?

How did those feelings arise?

Self ManagementHow do you want to feel?

What do you need to do in order to feel that way?

Relationship ManagementHow do you want them to feel?

What do you need to do for them to feel that way?

SELF OTHER

AWAR

ENES

SAC

TIO

NS

IQ MAY GET YOUR FOOT IN THE DOOR.

EQ WILL DECIDE HOW FAR YOU GO.

- KeyTalent

FINDING GOOD PLAYERS IS EASY.

GETTING THEM PLAY AS A TEAM IS ANOTHER STORY.

-Casey Stengel

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COMMITMENT 4:LEARNING AND GROWTH

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THE HOUSE OF ORGANIZATIONAL AGILITY

SERVANT LEADERSHIP

AGILE MINDSET

4 COMMITMENTS

VALUE BASED

DELIVERY

SYSTEMS THINKING

SELF MANAGED

TEAMS

LEARNING AND

GROWTH

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GROWTH VS. FIXED MINDSET

FIXED MINDSET

GROWTH MINDSET

“I can either do it, or I can't”“Failure is the limit of my abilities”I’m either good at it, or I’m not”“My abilities are unchanging”“I don’t like to be challenged”“My potential is predetermined”“When I’m frustrated, I give up”“I stick to what I know”

“I like to try new things”“I am inspired by the success of others”“My effort and attitude determine my abilities”“Failure is an opportunity to grow”“Challenges help me grow”“I can learn to do anything I want”“Feedback is constructive

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INDIVIDUAL LEARNING

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• We know enough about any subject to know we are right, but not enough to know where we are wrong. • Every individual wants to learn and grow in their own way. • In this fast-pace world that we all live in now, our ability to learn fast and re-

invent ourselves all the time is critical for our success. • Learning at work by inspecting and adapting our job is a big part of learning.• Learning by experimenting and collaborating with others in a complex

working environment can be huge. • Sufficient time and space are needed for learning.

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LEARNING ORGANIZATIONS

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• Learning organizations take advantage of the fast-changing environment to build a learning culture.• They leverage collective knowledge of the workforce, the

creativity of people, and collaboration with customers and suppliers to build a learning culture.• They foster curiosity, exploration, invention, safe-to-fail risk

undertakings which replace commitment to the status quo and pre-defined plans.

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SUPPORTED BYSERVANT LEADERSHIP

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THE HOUSE OF ORGANIZATIONAL AGILITY

SERVANT LEADERSHIP

AGILE MINDSET

4 COMMITMENTS

VALUE BASED

DELIVERY

SYSTEMS THINKING

SELF MANAGED

TEAMS

LEARNING AND

GROWTH

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SERVANT LEADERSHIP

Leader

Management

Employees

Customers

Customers

Employees

Management

Leader

Traditional Leadership (Top down) Servant Leadership (Bottom Up)

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SERVANT LEADERSHIP

TRADITIONAL LEADERS SERVANT LEADERS• Sees leadership as a rank to obtain• Uses power and control to drive performance• Measures success through output• Speaks• Believes its about them

• Sees leadership as an opportunity to serve others• Shares power and control to drive engagement• Measures success through growth and development• Listens• Understands its not about them

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THE AGILE MANIFESTO

Individuals and Interactions

Working Software

Customer Collaboration

Responding to Change

Processes and Tools

Comprehensive Documentation

Contract Negotiation

Following a Plan

While there is value in the items on the right, we value the items on the left more.

www.agilemanifesto.org

We are uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping others do it.Through this work we have come to value:

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AGILE PRINCIPLES

Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of valuable software.

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04Business people and developers must work together daily throughout the project.

07Working software is the primarymeasure of progress.

10Simplicity – the art of maximizing the amount of work not done – is essential.

Welcome changing requirements, even late in development. Agile processes harness change for the customer’s competitive advantage.

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05Build projects around motivated individuals. Give them the environment and support they need and trust them to get the job done.

11The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self-organizing teams.

Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of months, with a preference for the shorter timescale.

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The most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a development team is face-to-face conversation.

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08Agile processes promote sustainable development. The sponsors, developers and users should be able to maintain a constant pace indefinitely.

09Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances agility.

12At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more effective, then tunes and adjusts its behavior accordingly.

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Categorize each Agile principle into the four pillars of the House of Organizational Agility.

•Value-Based Delivery•Systems Thinking•Self-Managed Teams•Learning and Growth

EXERCISE-615 mins

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OK, NOW WHAT’S NEXT ?

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YOUR CAREER PATH

Scrum Master Agile Coach Enterprise Coach

Product Owner Product Manager Product Director

Developer Architect Enterprise Arch.

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Love coaching?Coaching and Leadership Track

Love solving customer problems?Product Management Track

Love technology stuff?Technology Track

Check out : https://www.agiletraining.co/course-navigation/

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QUESTIONS?FEEDBACK?

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THANK YOU!

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