agra_socleg_bar_q_a_(2013-1987)

7/23/2019 Agra_SocLeg_Bar_Q_A_(2013-1987)

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Social Legislations: Bar Questions 2013-1987

I. Year 2013

1. Because of the stress in caring for her four !" gro#ing chil$ren% &a''(

suffere$ a 'iscarriage late in her )regnanc( an$ ha$ to un$ergo an o)eration. Inthe course of the o)eration% her o*stetrician further $isco+ere$ a sus)icious-loo,ing 'ass that reuire$ the su*seuent re'o+al of her uterus h(sterecto'(".fter surger(% her )h(sician a$+ise$ &a''( to *e on full *e$ rest for si/ "

#ee,s. ean#hile% the *io)s( of the sa')le tissue ta,en fro' the 'ass in&a''(s uterus sho#e$ a *eginning 'alignanc( that reuire$ an i''e$iateseries of che'othera)( once a #ee, for four !" #ee,s.

a" hat *enefits can &a''( clai' un$er e/isting social legislation4

Answer: Assuming she is employed, Tammy is entitled to a special

leave benefit of two months with full pay (Gynecological Leave) pursuant toR.A. 9!" or the #agna $arta o% &omen. She can also claim SicknessLeave benefit in accordance with the ''' Law.

*" hat can 5oger% &a''(s 2n$ hus*an$ an$ the father of her t#o 2"(ounger chil$ren% clai' as *enefits un$er the circu'stances4

Answer: nder R.A. ! or the *aternity Leave Act o% !99+, Rogercan claim paternity leave o% seven () days with %ull pay i% he is lawfully married to Tammy and cohabiti ng with her at the time o% the miscarriage.

II. Year 2012

1. 6ennifer% a rece)tionist at o')an( % is co+ere$ *( the SSS. She #as)regnant #ith her fourth chil$ #hen she sli))e$ in the *athroo' of her ho'e an$ha$ a 'iscarriage. ean#hile% o')an( neglecte$ to re'it the reuire$contri*utions to the SSS. 6ennifer clai's 'aternit( lea+e *enefits an$ sic,ness*enefits. hich of these t#o 'a( she clai'4

a" one of the'*" ;ither one of the'c" <nl( 'aternit( lea+e *enefits$" <nl( sic,ness *enefits.

Answer: c) nly maternity leave -ene%its 'ec. !/0A (c), RA !!+!(''' Law) as amended -y RA 112

2. = files for a se+en-$a( )aternit( lea+e for the )ur)ose of len$ingsu))ort to his #ife% % #ho suffere$ a 'iscarriage through intentionala*ortion. also file$ for 'aternit( lea+e for fi+e #ee,s. = an$ are



legall( 'arrie$ *ut the latter is #ith her )arents% #hich is a fe# *loc,sa#a( fro' =s house. hich of the follo#ing state'ents is the 'ostaccurate4

a" >aternit( lea+e shall *e $enie$ *ecause it $oes not co+er a*orte$

*a*ies*" >aternit( lea+e shall *e $enie$ *ecause is #ith her )arentsc" aternit( lea+e shall *e $enie$ *ecause it $oes not co+er a*orte$

*a*ies$" aternit( lea+e shall *e $enie$ *ecause grant of )aternit( lea+e *ars

clai' for 'aternit( lea+e.

Answer: (-) *aternity leave shall -e denied -ecause & is with herparents RA !, 'ection 12

33. =o# 'an( (ears of ser+ice is the un$ergroun$ 'ine e')lo(ee reuire$ to

ha+e ren$ere$ in or$er to *e entitle$ to retire'ent *enefits4

a" ?*" 10c" 1?$" 20.

Answer: 4 'ection 1.!, """40"/0!99, Rules *rescri-ing the Retirement Age%or nderground #ine 5mployees, #ay 9, !992.

III. 2010

1. % single% has *een an acti+e 'e'*er of the Social Securit( S(ste' for the)ast 20 'onths. She *eca'e )regnant out of #e$loc, an$ on her 7th 'onthof )regnanc(% she #as infor'e$ that she #oul$ ha+e to $eli+er the *a*(through caesarean section *ecause of so'e co')lications. an clai''aternit( *enefits4 If (es% ho# 'an( $a(s can she go on 'aternit( lea+e4 Ifnot% #h( is she not entitle$4

Answer: 6es. The ''' Law does not discriminate -ased on the civilstatus o% a %emale mem-er0employee. As long as said %emale employeehas paid at least three (3) monthly contributions in the twelve-month

period immediately preceding the semester of her childbirth, she canavail o% the maternity -ene%its under the law.

'ince A gave -irth through $0section, she is entitled to one hundredpercent (!""7) o% her average salary credit %or seventy0eight () days,

provided she notifies her employer of her pregnancy and the probabledate of her childbirth, among others ('ee 'ection !/0A, RA 8o. 11)

The same maternity -ene%its are ensured -y 'ec. 11 (-)(1) o% the#agna $arta o% &omen (RA 8o. 9!").



I@. Year 2009

1. a" State *riefl( the co')ulsor( co+erage of the Ao+ern'ent Ser+iceInsurance ct.

Answer: The %ollowing are compulsorily covered -y the G'' pursuantto 'ec. o% RA 19!.

a. All employees receiving compensation who have not reached thecompulsory retirement age, irrespective o% employment status.

*. #em-ers o% the ;udiciary and constitutional commissions %or li%einsurance policy.

*" an a 'e'*er of a coo)erati+e *e $ee'e$ an e')lo(ee for )ur)oses ofco')ulsor( co+erage un$er the Social Securit( ct4 ;/)lain.

'uggested answer:

6es, an employee o% a cooperative, not over si<ty (+") years o% ageis, under the ''' Law, su-;ect to compulsory coverage. The 'ection (d)''' Law de%ines an employee as =

>'ec. (d) = any person who per%orms services%or an employer in which either or -oth mental andphysical e%%orts are used and who receivescompensation %or such service, where there is anemployer0employee relationship.?

2. tt(. 5enan% a >-la#(er an$ anaging >artner of an accounting fir'%con$ucte$ the orientation se'inar for ne#l(-hire$ e')lo(ees of the fir'% a'ongthe'% iss agan$a. fter the se'inar% 5enan reueste$ agan$a to sta(%)ur)orte$l( to $iscuss so'e #or, assign'ent. Left alone in the training roo'%5enan as,e$ agan$a to go out #ith hi' for $inner an$ *allroo' $ancing.&hereafter% he )ersua$e$ her to acco')an( hi' to the 'ountain high#a( innti)olo for sight-seeing. uring all these% 5enan tol$ agan$a that 'ost% if notall% of the la$( su)er+isors in the fir' are #here the( are no#% in +er( )ro$ucti+ean$ lucrati+e )osts% *ecause of his fa+ora*le en$orse'ent.

a" i$ 5enan co''it acts of se/ual harass'ent in a #or,-relate$ ore')lo('ent en+iron'ent4 5easons.

'uggested answer:

Atty. Renan is guilty o% se<ual harassment. This conclusion ispredicated upon the %ollowing consideration:

independent union?



!. Atty. Renan has authority, in%luence or moral ascendancyover #iss #aganda@

1. &hile the law calls %or a demand, reuest or reuirement o%a se<ual %avor, it is not necessary that the demand, reuent or reuirement of a se!ual favor be articulated in a

categorical oral or written statement. t may discerned, with eual certitude %rom the acts o% the o%%ender (Bomingovs. Rayala, 4/+ '$RA 9" 1""2)@

. The acts o% Atty. Renan towards #iss #aganda resound with dea%ening clarity the unspoCen reuest %or a seDual%avor, regardless o% whether it is accepted or not -y #iss#aganda@

/. n se<ual harassment, it is not essential that the demand,reuest or reuirement -e made as a condition %orcontinued employment or promotion to a higher position. tis enough that Atty. RenanEs act result in creating an

intimidating, hostile or o%%ensive environment %or #iss#aganda.

@. Year 2008

&ito >aciencioso is an e')lo(ee of a foun$r( sho) in ala*on% etroanila. =e is *arel( a*le to 'a,e en$s 'eet #ith his salar( of >h) !%000.00 a'onth. <ne $a(% he as,e$ his e')lo(er to sto) $e$ucting fro' his salar( hisSSS 'onthl( contri*ution% reasoning out that he is #ai+ing his social securit(co+erage.

If (ou #ere &itos e')lo(er% #oul$ (ou grant his reuest4 h(4

'uggested answer:

8o. As TitoEs employer, am -ound -y law to remit to ''' TitoEsmonthly contri-ution. The ''' Law covers any person natural, ;uridical,domestic or %oreign, carrying in the *hilippines trade, -usiness, industry,undertaCing or activity and uses the services o% another under his order asregards employment ('ec. 9c2).

The compulsory coverage o% employers and employees under the''' Law is actually a legal imposition on the employers and employees,designed to provide social security to worCingmen. #em-ership in ''' isin compliance with a law%ul e<ercise o% the police power o% the 'tate, andmay not -e waived -y agreement o% any party (*hil. Flooming #ills, $o.,nc. v. ''', ! '$RA !"!9++2).

@I. Year 2007



B% single an$ li+ing-in #ith a 'arrie$ 'an"% is )regnant #ith her fifthchil$. She a))lie$ for 'aternit( lea+e *ut her e')lo(er refuse$ the a))lication*ecause she is not 'arrie$. ho is right4 eci$e.

'uggested answer:

AF is right. The 'ocial 'ecurity Law, which administers the#aternity Fene%it *rogram does not reuire that the relationship -etweenthe %ather and the mother o% the child -e legitimate. The law iscompensating the %emale worCer -ecause o% her maternal %unction andresultant loss o% compensation. The law is morality %ree.

@II. Year 200

s a con$ition for her e')lo('ent % 6ose)hine signe$ an agree'ent #ith here')lo(er that she #ill not get 'arrie$% other#ise% she #ill *e consi$ere$ resigne$ or

se)arate$ fro' the ser+ice.

6ose)hine got 'arrie$. She as,e$ <#en% the )ersonnel 'anager% if theco')an( can reconsi$er the agree'ent. =e tol$ 6ose)hine he can $o so'ething a*outit% insinuating so'e se/ual fa+ors. She co')laine$ to higher authorities *ut to no a+ail.She hires (ou as her counsel. #hat action or actions #ill (ou ta,e4 ;/)lain.

'uggested answer:

As counsel %or osephine, will %ile a complaint %or worC0related se<ualharassment which, as in the case at -ar, occurs when a person who has authority,in%luence or moral ascendancy over another demands, reuests or otherwisereuires any se<ual %avor %rom the latter as a condition %or, inter alia, thecontinued employment o% said individual ('ec. , RA ).

will liCewise %ile a complaint %or illegal dismissal citing Art. !+ o% theLa-or $ode which provides that it is unlaw%ul %or an employer to reuire as a condition o% continued employment or continuation o% employment that a womanemployee shall not get married, or to stipulate e<pressly or tacitly that upongetting married a woman employee shall -e deemed resigned or separated, or toactually dismiss, discharge, discriminate or otherwise pre;udice a womanemployee merely -y reason o% her marriage.

@III. 200?

1. =o# are the C)orta*ilit(D )ro+isions of 5e)u*lic ct o. 799 *eneficial ora$+antageous to SSS an$ ASIS 'e'*ers in ter's of their cre$ita*le e')lo('entser+ices in the )ri+ate sector or the go+ern'ent% as the case 'a( *e% for )ur)oses of$eath% $isa*ilit( or retire'ent4 >lease e/)lain (our ans#er *riefl(.



'uggested answer:

The >porta-ility? provisions o% Repu-lic Act 8o. +99 allows the trans%er o%%unds %or the account and -ene%it o% the worCer who trans%ers %rom one system toanother.

This is advantageous to the ''' and G'' mem-ers %or purposes o% death,disa-ility or retirement -ene%its. n the event the employees trans%er %rom theprivate sector to the pu-lic sector, or vice0versa, their credita-le employmentservices and contri-utions are carried over and trans%erred %rom one system tothe other.

2. ans eto ha$ *een an e')lo(ee of o)olt ssurance o')an( for the lastten 10" (ears. =is #ife of si/ " (ears $ie$ last (ear. &he( ha$ four !" chil$ren. =ethen fell in lo+e #ith 6o+(% his co-e')lo(ee% an$ the( got 'arrie$.

In <cto*er this (ear% etos ne# #ife is e/)ecte$ to gi+e *irth to her first chil$.=e has accor$ingl( file$ his a))lication for )aternit( lea+e% confor'a*l( #ith the)ro+isions of the >aternit( Lea+e La# #hich too, effect in 199. &he =5 'anager ofthe assurance fir' $enie$ his a))lication% on the groun$ that eto ha$ alrea$( use$ u)his entitle'ent un$er that la#. eto argue$ that he has a ne# #ife #ho #ill *e gi+ing*irth for the first ti'e% therefore% his entitle'ent to )aternit( lea+e *enefits #oul$ *eginto run ane#.

a" hose contention is correct% eto or the =5 'anager4

'uggested answer:

(a) The contention o% &eto is correct. The law provides that every marriedmale is entitled to a paternity leave o% seven () days %or the %irst %our (/)deliveries o% the legitimate spouse with whom he is coha-iting ('ec. 1, RA !).ovey is &etoEs legitimate spouse with whom he is coha-iting. The %act that ovyis his second wi%e and that &eto had / children with his %irst wi%e is -eside thepoint. The important %act is that his is the %irst child o% ovy with &eto. The lawdid not distinguish and we should not there%ore distinguish.

The paternity leave was intended to ena-le the hus-and to e%%ectively lendsupport to his wi%e in her period o% recovery andHor in the nursing o% the newly0-orn child ('ec. , RA !). To deny &eto this -ene%it would -e to de%eat therationale %or the law.



*" Is 6o+( entitle$ to 'aternit( lea+e *enefits4

'uggested answer:

6es, i% ovy, as a %emale employee, has paid at least three () monthly

contri-utions in the twelve0month period immediately preceding the semester o%her child-irth ('ec. !/0A, RA !!+!, as amended)@ otherwise, she is not entitled tothe -ene%it.

3. arissa% a co'el( *an, teller% #as $ue for her )erfor'ance e+aluation #hich iscon$ucte$ e+er( si/ 'onths. rating of Coutstan$ingD is re#ar$e$ #ith a 'erit increase.She #as gi+en a C*elo# a+erageD rating in the last t#o )erio$s. ccor$ing to the *an,s)ersonnel )olic(% a thir$ rating of C*elo# a+erageD #ill result in ter'ination. r. >err(in,le calle$ arissa into his office a fe# $a(s *efore su*'itting her )erfor'anceratings. =e in+ite$ her to s)en$ the night #ith hi' in his rest house. She )olitel(

$ecline$. En$aunte$% r. in,le rene#e$ his in+itation% an$ arissa again $ecline$.=e then #arne$ her to C#atch outD *ecause she 'ight regret it later on. fe# $a(slater% arissa foun$ that her thir$ an$ last rating #as again C*elo# a+erage.D

arissa then file$ a co')laint for se/ual harass'ent against r. in,le #ith thee)art'ent of La*or an$ ;')lo('ent. In his counter-affi$a+it% he clai'e$ that he #asena'ore$ #ith arissa. =e $enie$ ha+ing $e'an$e$% 'uch less recei+e$ an( se/ualfa+ors fro' her in consi$eration of gi+ing her an Coutstan$ingD rating. =e also allege$that the co')laint #as )re'ature *ecause arissa faile$ to refer the 'atter to theo''ittee on ecoru' an$ isci)line for in+estigation an$ resolution *efore the caseagainst hi' #as file$. In her re)l( affi$a+it% arissa clai'e$ that there #as no nee$ fora )rior referral to the o''ittee on ecoru' an$ isci)line of her co')laint.

5esol+e the case #ith reasons.

'uggested answer:

will hold #r. *erry &inCle guilty o% se<ual harassment. This resolution ispredicated mainly upon the %ollowing considerations:

a. #r. *erry &inCle e<ercises authority, in%luence or moral ascendancyover $arissa@

-. #r. &inCleEs insistence in inviting $arissa >to spend the night with himin his rest house? is pregnant with se<ual meaning as to imply thereuest or demand %or a se<ual %avor@

c. #r. &inCleEs warning o% >watch out? clearly mani%ests that the re%usal o%such se<ual %avor would ;eopardiDe $arissaEs continued employment@and



d. #r. &inCleEs invitation %or such se<ual %avor will clearly result in anintimidating, hostile or otherwise o%%ensive worCing environment %or$arissa.

$arissa is correct in stating that there was no need %or a prior re%erral o%

her complaint to the $ommittee on Becorum and Biscipline -ecause nothing inthe law shall preclude the victim o% se<ual harassment %rom instituting a separateand independent action %or damages and other a%%irmative relie% ('ection +, RA8o. ).

!. <$ec,% a )olice'an% #as on lea+e for a 'onth. hile resting in their house%he hear$ t#o of his neigh*ors fighting #ith each other. <$ec, rushe$ to the sceneinten$ing to )acif( the )rotagonists. =o#e+er% he #as shot to $eath *( one of the)rotagonists. Fho)% a house'ai$% #as <$ec,s sur+i+ing s)ouse #ho' he ha$a*an$one$ for another #o'an (ears *ac,. hen she learne$ of <$ec,s $eath% Fho)file$ a clai' #ith the ASIS for $eath *enefits. =o#e+er% her clai' #as $enie$ *ecause

i" #hen <$ec, #as ,ille$% he #as on lea+e an$ ii" she #as not the $e)en$ent s)ouseof <$ec, #hen he $ie$.

5esol+e #ith reasons #hether ASIS is correct in $en(ing the clai'.

'uggested answer:

The G'' is not correct in denying the claim, -ecause decC was on leave when he was Cilled. The law only reuires that the G'' mem-er was in theservice at the time o% his death so that his -ene%iciaries may claim survivorship-ene%its. decC was still in the service. Ie was ;ust on leave. Ie intends toreport -acC to worC a%ter his leave.

I. 2003

an an in$i+i$ual% the sole )ro)rietor of a *usiness enter)rise% *e sai$ to ha+e+iolate$ the nti-Se/ual =arass'ent ct of 199? if he clearl( $iscri'inates against

#o'en in the a$o)tion of )olic( stan$ar$s for e')lo('ent an$ )ro'otions in theenter)rise4 ;/)lain.

'uggested answer:

&hen an employer discriminates against women in the adoption o% policystandards %or employment and promotion in his enterprise, he is not guilty o%se<ual harassment. nstead, the employer is guilty o% discrimination against

women employees which is declared to -e unlaw%ul -y the La-or $ode.

Jor an employer to commit se<ual harassment, he = as a person o%authority, in%luence or moral ascendancy = should have demanded, reuested or



otherwise reuired a se<ual %avor %rom his employee whether the demand,reuest or reuirement %or su-mission is accepted -y the o-;ect o% said act.

n the uestion, no such act was committed -y the sole proprietor.

. 2002

=o# 'an( ti'es 'a( a 'ale e')lo(ee go on >aternit( Lea+e4 an he a+ailhi'self of this *enefit% for e/a')le% ?0 $a(s after the first $eli+er( *( his #ife4

'uggested answer:

A male employee may go on *aternity Leave up to %our (/) children ('ec. 1,RA !). n the uestion o% whether or not he can avail himsel% o% this -ene%it4" days a%ter the delivery o% his wi%e, the answer is: 6es, he can -ecause theRules mplementing *aternity Leave Act says that the availment should not -e

later than +" days a%ter the date o% delivery.

I. 2000

1. s. Sara ira is an un#e$ 'other #ith three chil$ren fro' three $ifferentfathers. In 1999% she *eca'e a 'e'*er of the Social Securit( S(ste'. In ugust2000% she suffere$ a 'iscarriage% also out of #e$loc,% an$ again *( a $ifferent father.an s. ira clai' 'aternit( *enefits un$er the Social Securit( ct of 19974 5eason.

'uggested answer:

6es, she can claim maternity -ene%it. 5ntitlement thereto is not dependenton the claimantEs -eing legally married ('ec. !/0A, 'ocial 'ecurity Act o% !99).

3. &he ollecti+e Bargaining gree'ent of the Aol$en or)oration Inc. an$ theAol$en or)oration or,ers Enion )ro+i$es a )ac,age of #elfare *enefits far su)eriorin co')arison #ith those )ro+i$e$ for in the Social Securit( ct of 1997. &he #elfare)lan of the co')an( is fun$e$ solel( *( the e')lo(er #ith no contri*utions fro' thee')lo(ees. $'itte$l(% it is the *est #elfare )lan in the >hili))ines. &he co')an( an$the union Gointl( file$ a )etition #ith the Social Securit( S(ste' for e/e')tion fro'co+erage. ill the )etition for e/e')tion fro' co+erage )ros)er4 5eason.

'uggested answer:

8o, -ecause coverage under the ''' is compulsory where employer0employee relations e<ist. Iowever, i% the private plan is superior to that o% the''', the plan may -e integrated with the ''' plan. 'till, it is integration and note<emption %rom ''' law. *hilippine Flooming #ills $o. nc. v. ''', ! '$RA !"(!9++)@ RA 8o. !!+! as amended -y RA 8o. 112



!.a" >ersonnel anager% #hile inter+ie#ing an attracti+e fe'ale a))licant fore')lo('ent% stare$ $irectl( at her for )rolonge$ )erio$s% al*eit in a frien$l( 'anner.fter the inter+ie#% the 'anager acco')anie$ the a))licant to the $oor% shoo, her han$an$ )atte$ her on the shoul$er. =e also as,e$ the a))licant if he coul$ in+ite her for$inner an$ $ancing at so'e future ti'e. i$ the >ersonnel anager% *( the a*o+e acts%

co''it se/ual harass'ent4 5eason.

'uggested answer:

6es, -ecause the *ersonnel #anager, a man, is in a position to grant or notto grant a %avor (a ;o-) to the applicant. nder the circumstances, inviting theapplicant %or dinner or dancing creates a situation hostile or un%riendly to theapplicantEs chances %or a ;o- i% she turns down the invitation. 'ec. (a)(), RA 8o., Anti0'e<ual Iarassment Act2

*" In the course of an inter+ie#% another fe'ale a))licant inuire$ fro' the

sa'e >ersonnel anager if she ha$ the )h(sical attri*utes reuire$ for the )osition shea))lie$ for. &he >ersonnel anager re)lie$: “You will be more attractive if you will wear micro-mini dresses without the undergarments that ladies normally wear.” i$ the>ersonnel anager% *( the a*o+e re)l(% co''it an act of se/ual harass'ent4 5eason.

'uggested answer:

8o, the *ersonnel #anagerEs reply to the applicantEs uestion whether sheuali%ies %or the position she is applying %or does not constitute se<ualharassment. The *ersonnel #anager did not asC %or or insinuate a reuest %or a se<ual %avor in return %or a %avora-le action on her application %or a ;o-. Fut the#anagerEs statement may -e o%%ensive i% attire or physical looC is not a criterion%or the ;o- -eing applied %or.

?. >ito( or$eno #as e')lo(e$ as a )u*lic school teacher at the arin$uue=igh School fro' 6ul( 1% 1983 until his unti'el( $e'ise on a( 27% 1997.

<n )ril 27% 1997% a 'e'oran$u' #as issue$ *( the school )rinci)al% #hichrea$s: CYou are here*( $esignate$ to )re)are the <;L )roGect% #hich #ill *ethe official entr( of the school in the forthco'ing i+ision Search for <utstan$ingI')ro+ise$ Secon$ar( Science ;ui)'ent for &eachers to *e hel$ in anila on 6une !%1997. You are here*( instructe$ to co')lete this <;L on or *efore thesche$ule$ $ate of the contest.D

or$eno co')lie$ #ith his su)eriors instruction an$ constructe$ an i')ro+ise$electric 'icro$a'% #hich he too, ho'e to ena*le hi' to finish it *efore the $ea$line.<n a( 27% 1997% #hile #or,ing on the <;L >roGect in his house% he ca'e tocontact #ith a li+e #ire an$ #as electrocute$. =e #as i''e$iatel( *rought to a clinicfor e'ergenc( treat'ent *ut #as )ronounce$ $ea$ on arri+al. &he $eath certificatesho#e$ that he $ie$ of car$iac arrest $ue to acci$ental electrocution.



>e)a( >ala()a( >ito( or$enos co''on-la# #ife for 'ore than t#ent( (ears"an$ >ito( or$eno 6r. his onl( son" file$ a clai' for $eath *enefits #ith theAo+ern'ent Ser+ice Insurance S(ste' ASIS"% #hich #as $enie$ on the groun$ that>ito( or$enos $eath $i$ not arise out of an$ in the course of e')lo('ent an$therefore not co')ensa*le *ecause the acci$ent occurre$ in his house an$ not in the

school )re'ises.

a. Is >e)a( >ala()a( entitle$ to file a clai' for $eath *enefits #ith the ASIS4h(4

'uggested answer:

The -ene%iciaries o% a mem-er o% the G'' are entitled to the -ene%itsarising %rom the death o% said mem-er. Beath -ene%its are called survivorship-ene%its under the G'' Law.

8ot -eing a -ene%iciary, *epay *alaypay is not entitled to receivesurvivorship -ene%its. 'he is not a -ene%iciary -ecause she is a common0law wi%eand not a legal dependent spouse.

*. Is the cause of $eath of >ito( or$eno car$iac arrest $ue to acci$entalelectrocution in his house" co')ensa*le4 h(4

'uggested answer:

6es. To -e compensa-le under the G'' Law, the death need not -e worCconnected.

II. 1997

State the res)ecti+e co+erages of a" the Social Securit( La# *" the 5e+ise$Ao+ern'ent Ser+ice Insurance ct an$ c" the ;')lo(ees o')ensation ct.

Answer:

(a) $overage o% ''' ('ec. 9, RA 11) shall -e compulsory upon allemployees not over si<ty years o% age and their employers.

Jilipinos recruited in the *hilippines -y %oreign0-ased employers %oremployment a-road may -e covered -y the ''' on a voluntary -asis.

$overage in the ''' shall also -e compulsory upon all sel%0employedpersons earning *!,"" or more per annum.

(-) #em-ership in the Government 'ervice nsurance 'ystem (Art. , RA19!) shall -e compulsory %or all permanent employees -elow +" years o% age

however, pitoy may avail the death benefit if he is dependent upon his father.dependent means unmerried and by the age of minority. or evemn of legal age but incapacit



upon appointment to permanent status, and %or all elective o%%icials %or theduration o% their tenure.

Any person, whether elected or appointed, in the service o% an employer isa covered employee i% he receives compensation %or such service.

(c)$overage in the 'tate nsurance Jund (Art. !+, La-or $ode) shall -ecompulsory upon all employers and their employees not over si<ty (+") years o%age@ *rovided, that an employee who is over +" years o% age and payingcontri-utions to uali%y %or the retirement or li%e insurance -ene%it administered-y the 'ystem shall -e su-;ect to compulsory coverage.

The 5mployees $ompensation $ommission shall ensure adeuatecoverage o% Jilipino employees employed a-road, su-;ect to regulations as it mayprescri-e. (Art. !")

Any person compulsorily covered -y the G'' including the mem-ers o%the Armed Jorces o% the *hilippines, and any person employed as casual,emergency, temporary, su-stitute or contractual, or any person compulsorilycovered -y the ''' are covered -y the 5mployees $ompensation *rogram.

III. 199

;frenia 5e(es #as a classroo' teacher assigne$ *( the e)art'ent of;$ucation% ulture an$ S)orts ;S" in >anitan% a)iH. She has *een in thego+ern'ent ser+ice since 19?1 u) to o+e'*er% 198? #hen she retire$ at ?? $ue to)oor health.

In arch% 1982% #hile she #as teaching her Ara$e 1 )u)ils the )ro)er #a( ofscru**ing an$ s#ee)ing the floor% she acci$entall( sli))e$. =er *ac, hit the e$ge of a$es,. She later co')laine$ of #ea, lo#er e/tre'ities an$ $ifficult( in #al,ing. fter an-ra( e/a'ination% she #as foun$ to *e suffering fro' >otts $isease an$ #as a$+ise$to un$ergo an o)eration. In 198?% she file$ #ith the ASIS a clai' for $isa*ilit( *enefitsun$er >resi$ential ecree o. 2% as a'en$e$. &he ASIS grante$ the clai' an$a#ar$e$ ;frenia )er'anent )artial $isa*ilit( *enefits.

fter she un$er#ent a surgical o)eration on her s)ine in o+e'*er% 198? hercon$ition #orsene$.

In 1990% ;frenia file$ #ith the ASIS a )etition for con+ersion of her $isa*ilit(status to )er'anent total $isa*ilities #ith corres)on$ing a$Gust'ent of *enefits. ASIS$enie$ the clai' stating that after ;frenias retire'ent% an( )rogression of her ail'ent isno longer co')ensa*le.

Is the ASIS correct in $en(ing the clai'4 ;/)lain.



Answer:

$onsidering that the disa-ility o% Reyes is worC connected, the provisionso% the La-or $ode dealing with employees compensation should determine herright to -ene%its.

According to said provisions, i% any employee under permanent partialdisa-ility su%%ers another in;ury which results in a compensa-le disa-ility greaterthan the previous in;ury, the 'tate nsurance Jund shall -e lia-le %or the income-ene%it o% the new disa-ility even a%ter her retirement. &as Reyes still an>employee? %or the purpose o% applying the a-ove provision o% the La-or $odeKLi-erally construing said provision, Reyes may -e considered still as anemployee so that she could receive additional -ene%its %or the progression o% herailment.

I@. 199!

Sa'son Securit( genc( SS<" un$ertoo, to )ro+i$e 2! hours securit(ser+ice to 6arillo 5ealt( 65ILL<" in the latters construction o)erations. &he contract*et#een SS< an$ 65ILL< e/)ressl( sti)ulate$ that Sa'sons securit( guar$sare its e')lo(ees an$ not that of 65ILL<. SS< un$ertoo, to hol$ 65ILL< freefro' an( lia*ilit( #hatsoe+er resulting fro' inGuries #hich its SS<s" guar$s 'a(suffer or *e e/)ose$ to suffer as guar$s of 65ILL<s construction o)erations.

&o facilitate )a('ent% 65ILL< un$ertoo, to )a( $irectl( to the guar$s theagree$ #ages% #hich are su*seuentl( $e$ucte$ fro' the 'onthl( )a('ents toSS< un$er its contract #ith 65ILL<. 65ILL<% in turn% charges SS< for theeui)'ent su))lie$ to the guar$s such as unifor's% )istols an$ a''unition an$ cost oftraining of guar$s 65ILL< #ants re)lace$.

uring a stor'% se+eral scaffol$ings of 65ILL< fell an$ ,ille$ t#o 2" guar$s #hose fa'ilies later sue$ 65ILL<. 65ILL<% in turn% i')lea$e$ SS< as thir$-)art( $efen$ant *efore the r*iter.

eci$e #ho shoul$ *e hel$ lia*le.

Answer:

Lia-ility lies against the 'tate nsurance Jund administered -y the '''.This is a case o% death in connection with the employeesE worC.

arillo is deemed to -e the employer o% the guards in view o% the directpayment o% wages to the guards. Thus, i% there are -ene%its arising %romemployer0employee relationship, arillo should -e held answera-le.



@. 1993

Se+ent( 70" )ri+ate securit( guar$s of &>A S;E5I&Y A;Y<5><5&I<% assigne$ to guar$ the 'ining area of @< A<L <5><5&I<%file$ a co')laint against *oth their $irect e')lo(er% &>A S;E5I&Y% an$ their

in$irect e')lo(er% @< A<L% #hen the( $isco+ere$ the( coul$ not a+ail of the*enefits of the Social Securit( S(ste' la# for the failure of res)on$ents &>A or@< A<L to re'it its contri*utions to the S(ste'.

B( #a( of ans#er to the co')laint% &>A clai's that there is no e')lo(er-e')lo(ee relationshi)% since it has onl( t#o 2" office e')lo(ees #hose $uties are to'onitor their assign'ent an$ hours of #or, an$ to )a( the salaries un$er the agenc(contract of the securit( guar$s fro' the fun$s re'itte$ *( @< A<L% ,ee)ing acertain )ercentage of the a'ount for office e/)enses an$ su)er+isor( fees% the true an$real e')lo(er *eing @< A<L. <n the other han$% @< A<L 'aintains that ithas no e')lo(er-e')lo(ee relationshi) #ith &>As securit( guar$s assigne$ to

secure its 'ining area since it has no control o+er hiring$is'issal of its guar$s.&>A is a $ul( license$ securit( agenc( an$ a *ona fi$e in$e)en$ent contractor.

a. ho is $ee'e$ an Ce')lo(erD for )ur)oses of co+erage un$er the SSS La#4

*. En$er the a*o+e facts #hose $ut( is it to *ring the securit( guar$s forco')ulsor( co+erage )ursuant to the SSS La#4 iscuss.

Answer:

a. A person is deemed an >employee? %or purposes o% coverage under the'ocial 'ecurity Law i% such person per%orms services %or an employer in whicheither or -oth mental and physical e%%orts are used and who receivedcompensation %or such services, where there is an employer0employeerelationship. Also, a sel%0employed person is -oth an employee and employer atthe same time. ('ec. (d), 'ocial 'ecurity Law)

@I. 1992

1. ;$uar$o Serangco% an SSS 'e'*er for 20 (ears% $ie$ on a( 1% 1992. &herecor$s of the SSS sho# that Serangco $esignate$ as his *eneficiaries arietta E(%

#ife Aloria Seranco% $aughter% *orn 6une 30% 1979 an$ 6ose Serangco% son% *orn 6ul(1% 1981. <n a( 10% 1992% the SSS grante$ arietta E( funeral *enefits. <n a( 1%1992% 6osefa osta file$ a clai' for $eath *enefits alleging that she #as 'arrie$ to thelate ;$uar$o Serangco on <cto*er 1?% 1982 an$ $e)en$e$ u)on hi' for su))ort. Sheattache$ to her clai'% co)( of a 'arriage contract $ul( certifie$ an$ seale$ *( the ci+ilregistrar of >asig% 5iHal. arietta E( o))ose$ 6osefa ostas clai'% conten$ing thatshe her chil$ren% Aloria an$ 6ose Serangco% are entitle$ to $eath *enefits *ecause the(

#ere the )ri'ar( *eneficiaries $esignate$ *( the $ecease$ Serangco.



&o #ho' shall the SSS a#ar$ $eath *enefits4 h(4

Answer:

nder the 'ocial 'ecurity Law, death -ene%its are to -e paid to the primary

-ene%iciaries o% the deceased employee. % there are no primary -ene%iciariesthen to the secondary -ene%iciaries.

The primary -ene%iciaries o% a deceased employee are the dependentspouse until he or she remarries and dependent children.

n the other hand, a dependent spouse is the legitimate spouse dependent%or support upon the employee and dependent children are legitimate, legitimatedor legally adopted children, who are unmarried, not gain%ully employed and notover twenty one years o% age, or over twenty one years o% age, provided that theyare congenitally incapacitated and incapa-le o% sel%0support. (Article (e), (C),

'ocial 'ecurity Law)

$onsidering the a-ove provisions o% the 'ocial 'ecurity Law, Gloria andose 'erangco are dependent children -ecause they are still not over twenty oneyears o% age, assuming that they are also unmarried and are not gain%ullyemployed.

The legitimate wi%e o% the deceased employee is #arietta y and not ose%a $osta. The marriage o% the deceased employee to $osta is -igamous. Thus,#arietta is primary -ene%iciary together with her children Gloria and ose. Assuch primary -ene%iciaries, the ''' should award to them the death -ene%itsarising %rom the death o% 5duardo 'erangco.

@II. 1991

1. hat is the foun$ation of the agrarian refor' )rogra' un$er the 1987onstitution4 ho are the $irect *eneficiaries of the )rogra'4

Answer:

The !9 $onstitution enunciates in Article as one o% the state policiesthat >the 'tate shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarianre%orm.?

n Article o% the $onstitution, in dealing with the national economy andpatrimony, it is also stated that >the 'tate shall promote industrialiDation and %ullemployment -ased on sound agricultural development and agrarian re%orm, <<<?

Then in Article o% the $onstitution, in dealing with social ;ustice andhuman rights, there is this provision, among others: >The 'tate shall, -y law,



undertaCe an agrarian re%orm program %ounded on the right o% %armers andregular %arm0worCers, who are landless, to own directly or collectively the landsthey till or in the case o% other %arm0worCers, to receive a ;ust share o% the %ruitsthereo%. To this end, the 'tate shall encourage and undertaCe the ;ust distri-utiono% all agricultural lands, su-;ect to such priorities and reasona-le retention limits

as the $ongress may prescri-e, taCing into account ecological, developmental, oreuity considerations, and su-;ect to the payment o% ;ust compensation. ndetermining the retention limits, the 'tate shall respect the right o% smalllandowners. The 'tate shall %urther provide incentives %or voluntarylandsharing.?

TaCen together, the a-ove provisions could -e considered as the%oundation o% the agrarian re%orm program.

nder the $omprehensive Agrarian Re%orm Law, the lands covered shall -edistri-uted as much as possi-le to landless residents o% the same -arangay or in

the a-sence thereo%, landless residents o% the same municipality in the %ollowingorder o% priority:

a) Agricultural lessees and share tenants@-) Regular %armworCers@c) 'easonal %armworCers@d) ther %armworCers@e) Actual tillers or occupants o% pu-lic lands@%) $ollectives or cooperatives o% the a-ove -ene%iciaries@ andg) thers directly worCing on the land.

The children o% landowner, who are uali%ied to -e awardees o% not morethan three () hectares, shall -e given pre%erence in the distri-ution o% the land o%their parents. Actual tenant0tillers in the landholding shall not -e e;ected orremoved there%rom.

Fene%iciaries under *residential Becree 8o. 1 who have culpa-ly sold,disposed o%, or a-andoned their land are disuali%ied to -ecome -ene%iciariesunder the $AR*.

A -asic uali%ication o% a -ene%iciary shall -e his willingness, aptitutde, anda-ility to cultivate and maCe the land as productive as possi-le. The BAR shalladopt a system o% monitoring the record or per%ormance o% each -ene%iciary, sothat any -ene%iciary guilty o% negligence or misuse o% the land or any supporte<tended to him shall %or%eit his right to continue as such -ene%iciary. The BARshall su-mit periodic reports on the per%ormance o% the -ene%iciaries to the $AR*.

%, due to the landownerEs retention rights or to the num-er o% tenants,lessees, or worCers on the land, there is not enough land to accommodate any or



some o% them, they may -e granted ownership o% other lands availa-le %ordistri-ution under the $ARL, at the option o% the -ene%iciaries.

Jarmers already in place and those not accommodated in the distri-utiono% privately0owned lands will -e given pre%erential rights in the distri-ution o%

lands %rom the pu-lic domain.

2. istinguish just compensation un$er the o')rehensi+e grarian 5efor' La#of 1988 fro' just compensation un$er the Bill of 5ights4 =o# is it $eter'ine$ un$er thefor'er4

Answer:

n the Fill o% Rights, it is provided that private property shall not -e taCen%or pu-lic use without ;ust compensation.

n the provisions o% the !9 $onstitution on agrarian re%orm, it is providedthat in the ;ust distri-ution o% all agricultural lands, the same shall -e su-;ect,among others, to the payment o% ;ust compensation.

The concepts o% ;ust compensation in the Fill o% Rights and in agrarianre%orm are similar in the sense that in -oth situations, the person who is deprivedo% his property should -e given the %air and %ull euivalent value o% the propertythat is taCen %rom him. n -oth situations, ultimately, it is the courts which maydetermine ultimately ;ust compensation.

Also, under the $ARL, compensation could -e in cash and in government%inancial instruments liCe Land FanC o% the *hilippines -onds. At the option o%the landowner, the compensation may -e in shares o% stocC in government ownedand controlled corporations, or in ta< credits. The $omprehensive AgrarianRe%orm Law provides that in determining ;ust compensation, the cost o%acuisition o% the land, the current value o% liCe properties, its nature, actual useo% income, the sworn valuation -y the owner, the ta< declarations, and theassessment made -y government assessors shall -e considered. The social andeconomic -ene%its contri-uted -y the %armers and the %armworCers and -y theGovernment to the property as well as the non0payment o% ta<es or loans secured%rom any government %inancing institution on the said land shall -e considered asadditional %actors to determine its valuation.

agra_socleg_bar_q_a_(2013-1987)

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