agricultural buildings in the netherlands vision and developments dr.ir.kees lokhorst with...
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Agricultural buildings in the Netherlandsvision and developments
Dr.ir.Kees Lokhorst
With contributions of Gert-Jan Monteny, Jasper van Ruth,
Hendrik Jan van Dooren, Alfons Beldman, Peter Groot Koerkamp, Willem Schouten
and Eric Pijnappels
What will be the future dairy farm?
Utility
‘The greatest good for the greatest number’
Virtue
‘That what makes a person stand out to excel’
Duties and Rights
‘Don’t do to others what you would not like done to yourself’
Scaling up in perspective
• Is scaling up new?
• Boundaries are known
• Scope has been tremendously broadened
• No longer solely technology driven
• New ways of thinking and action are needed
(1) Is scaling up new?
• In ‘earlier times’– From ‘local markets’ to export– Scaling up was ‘more of the same’– Separation and specialization– Technology (mechanization and rationalization) was
important driving force
• 1980-2000– ‘Dairy Farm 2000’ en ‘Arable Farm 2000’– Innovative farming systems– Specific focus on optimization of farm processes
(2) Is scaling up new
• Today:– Environmental problems affect citizens– Food safety and Animal health influence
consumers– Farm management becomes transparent
(HACPP, media)– From farm processes to agribusiness production
systems (chain orientation)– Needs for new products (short cycle) – Social sound entrepreneurship
(2) Boundaries are known……
• AT LEAST: Qualitative
• Economics (a.o. concepts with increased depreciation)• Labor (one man farm, family farm, SME, …..)• Environment (ammonia, odor nuisance, nutrients)• Welfare (….)• Health (animal, human)• Product quality• Energy
• BUT: Quantitative ?
(3) Scope has been tremendously broadened
• From village, region and country till EU and world
• Communication gives great perspectives– With citizens and consumers– With colleagues– With animals, plants, etc
• Developments go faster and product life cycles become shorter- concept of ‘durable production means’ will get another perspective in shorter depreciation time and removable buildings
(4) No longer solely technology driven
• Further technological optimisation is needed to stay within boundaries, but …..
• …..we did not become happier of more technology (quote Prof. Lintsen)4.5 and on our contribution to idealistic
criteria (appreciation, self development, worries about our common future, etc.)
3.4 Happiness depends a.o. on our network (social relations), adaptability, and our freedom of act
2 Need for safety and security is also covered (with some reversion)
1 Primary biological needs for food, water, living and health are in our region ok
(5) New ways of thinking and action are needed
• Transition thinking is hot, but needs time and patience
• Complexity: culture, structure, technology
– changing institutional arrangements– Changing technology possibilities and
needs– Changing attitude of entrepreneurs,
consumers
• Several discussions on national and sectoral level to get an idea of how our future might be.
• Helps to set agenda for direction (goals) and speed for innovation and transition
10-15 jaar
Streefbeelden
Inspiratie en transitiepunten10-15 jaar
pioniers
brede praktijk
Praktijk
Toekomst
innovatieprojecten
25-30 jaar
Inspirerende voorbeelden
Praktijk
Toekomst
backcasting
Closing remarks
• Farmers and other participants in the food chain are part of the (world) society and have therefore to be open and transparent.
• Happiness, emotion, perception and idealistic criteria will give opportunities beside food deliverance and food safety.
• Concern of networks and communication will increase tremendously
• Speed of thinking, acting, flexibility and the possibilities to cooperate will determine the succes of organisations.
• People, organisations and (regional/sectoral) ‘handicaps’ ask for custom made solutions.
Production of eggs in Europe: is there a problem?
Natural production system
Welfare and health can’t be served both
how to preventAvian Influenza!
More sustainable, and robust!
Battery cages forbidden in 2012!
The image of free range systems?
Beak trimming forbidden in 2006
Economics of current alternatives?
Environmentalissues
The goals of the project
• Create a starting point for improvement & change to an innovative & sustainable egg production sector
by:• Design of new concepts for socially desirable production systems
• Development of a design method– To incorporate social terms like naturalness & robustness– Knowledge transfer and interaction– Further development of Methodical design approach
What are challenges & perspectives for the future?
production rewarded by society
Welfare and health in balance
Environmental friendly production
Sustainable production
Happy hens with good production
No more public debate and threats
Satisfied poultry farmers
Better price for a better product
The philosophy of the project
• Think the other way around! Possibilities and opportunities in stead of threats & obstacles
• Design complete new concepts! debate on pros&cons of current system hamper innovation
• Better & deeper analysis of opinions, feelings and views of people, besides literature, is necessary / fruitful
• Do this in a smart way to enhance innovation in practice
Project & activity scheme
Stakeholder analysis
Societal ideal images / views
Knowledge network
Naturalness
Robustness
Knowledge network
Naturalness
Robustness
Communication
Strateg
ic prob
lem d
efinition
Prog
ram of D
emand
s/requirem
ents
Diver-gence
Con-
verg
enc
Methodical design
New
concepts &
desig
ns
Result www.houdenvanhennen.nl
From the strategic problem definition: • Happy hens: ethological & physiological needs fulfilled• Society: positive & truthful image of the designs (differentiated!)• Poultry farmer
– Three roles: Animal keeper, entrepreneur, labourer himself– Three wishes: care for animals, income, good working conditions
• Outdoor access: necessary? Why? for whom? Animal health?
Programme of DemandsSolution finding & design: elevate contradictions, find new solutions
Background
Simple approach: Animal welfare is — highly relevant to society— complex— highly related to housing conditions— interest-, emotion- and value-laden
Make it simple: animal oriented designbased on available scientific information ! to reduce the social / market dispute
Functional approach!
design based on animal needs facilitate natural behaviour elements
In other words:
What animals can do is not normative for the design,
It’s what they want to do, where they have motivation for
Potentially controversial
•Sociality•Nutrition•Safety•Exploration•Thermocomfort•Health•…….
N 11*
*Bracke 2001; Schouten et al. 2001
•……•. . . .• m2
• # animals• air composition• T• …….
N 59
RequirementsNeeds
Inspiration and functional design
r u s te n
m e s te n m e s te n
e te n e te n
e x p lo r a t ie
3 5 m 2
2 2 m 2
1 7 ,5 m 21 7 ,5 m 2
8 m 2
c o n tr o le