agricultural intensification, value chain development and human capacity strengthening: how can we...
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Presented by Kindu Mekonnen, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 21 July 2014TRANSCRIPT
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"Agricultural intensification, value chain development and human capacity
strengthening: How can we build these Together"
Kindu MekonnenILRI, Addis Ababa, 21 July 2014
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Contents of the presentation
1. Concepts/ definitions
2. Global challenges
3. Why IVCCD?
4. Achieving IVCCD
4.1. Partnership
4.2. Understanding systems
4.3. R4D intervention options
4.4. Documentation and scaling best bet options
4.5. Communication
5. Lessons from earlier project initiatives
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1. Concepts/ definitions
Intensification:
• producing more units of output per units of all inputs and through new combinations of inputs and related innovations.
Value chain:
• a network of different functions or stages from production to consumption, including all supplementary support services.
Capacity development:
• A locally driven process of transformational learning that leads to actions, which support changes in institutional capacity areas to advance development goals.
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2. Global challenges
• Population increase
(World: 8.3- 10.9 billon
and SSA –2 billon
people in 2050)
• Climate change
• Resources scarcity
• Energy demandHigh youth population at a small village in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia
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2. Why IVCCD?-Current situations- Africa
• Increasing food demand
(African meet 13% of the
continent’s food needs by
2050)
• Land is degrading (75% of the
total in SSA)
• Stagnant yields for some crops
(< 1 ton ha-1)
Soil nutrient depletion in central Ethiopia
Poor barley crop performance in central Ethiopia
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• Feed scarcity (Average deficit
in 2009 in Ethiopia= 45.64
million t DM yr-1)
• Competing uses of resources
(grazing land, crop residues)
• Farm-to-market links are
weak
• High rates of hunger and
malnutrition
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4. Achieving IVCCD-Linkage and integration
Agricultural Intensification)
Value chain development (crop and livestock enterprises) Capacity
development
Outputs Inputs
InputsProduction
StorageProcessingMarketing
Indirect:
FoodNutritionIncome
Direct:Land WaterLabour
Chemicals, OM Biodiversity
Financial capital Knowledge
Infrastructure Technology
Market
Policy, Institutions
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4.1. Partnership
Potential partners:
• Research orgs
• Higher learning Institutions
• Extension
• NGOs
• Framers
• Market actors/traders/ service providers
Crop pest and diseases control service provider in the rural areas of Basona Worena, Amhara
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Scale of partnership: Local, regional, national and global level with d/t roles and responsibilities
Examples of successful partnership: ILRI-UNEP-WU CC adaptation Kabe watershed project
UNEP – Overall oversight of the projects and linking to donors
ILRI- Provide technical support and link UNEP and Wollo University
WU- Lead the implementation of the project at the landscape scales
in collaboration with ILRI, SARC and extension + capacity building
SARC (ARARI) - action research
Woreilu Wereda Office of Agriculture - community Mobilization
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Land-care with mass mobilization in Kabe watershed, Amhara
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4.2. Understanding systems
Scale:
• Farm level
• Landscape
• Watershed
A woman farmer showing how bacterial wilt disease has become serious at her farm in Lemo, SNNPR
• Constraints, farm typologies and opportunities in relation to IVCCD
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Tools/approaches:
• RTS (Rapid telephone survey)
• PCA (Participatory Community Analysis)
• SLATE (Sustainable Livelihood Assets Evaluation)
• AKT5 (Agro-ecological Knowledge Toolkit )
• VCA (Value chain assessment)
Wealth ranking during PCA exercise in Bale
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Examples of diagnostic results that required IVCCD interventions:
Example 1. Africa RISING sites
• Shortage of quality improved seeds
• Weeds, diseases and insects and storage pests
• Lack of improved farm tools
• Inadequate soil and water management practices
• Poor storage facilities
• High input and low output prices
Priority crop related constraints:
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• Feed shortage (quality and quantity)
• Poor vet services and vaccines
• Labour consuming milk processing
• Decline of grazing lands
• Diseases, internal and external parasites
• Price fluctuation for live animals
• Shortage of water during the dry periods
Priority livestock related constraints:
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Example 2. SLP project sites in east Africa
Kobo Nekemte Kakamega0
5
10
15
20
25
30
soil fertility decline
high inputs/low outputs price and inputs unavailability
lack of information/services
problem of weeds, pests and diseases
rainfall/drought problemOcc
urre
nce
in 8
vi
llage
s
Main constraints of crop production in 3 east African countries
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Kobo Nekemte Kakamega0
5
10
15
20
25
30
lack of services and train-ings
high cost of cbs/ other inputs
feed shortage
diseases and parasites
Occ
urre
nce
in 8
vi
llage
s
Main constraints of livestock production in 3 east African countries
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WaterDegradation
HighRun-Off
IndigenousTree Loss
SpringDevelopment
Niche-CompatibleAfforestation
Soil & Water Conservation
Integratedwatershed
Management
Integrated SolutionProblem
Cluster 1. Soil and water management cluster
Example 3. African Highlands Initiative (AHI) project in the Ethiopian highlands
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Soil
Fertility
Fuel
Feed
Energy Sources & Efficiency
Seed Crop Germplasm, Husbandry, Markets & Integrated Nutrient
Management
Income
Feed, Genotypes & Income
Cluster 2. Integrated production and nutrient management cluster
Problem Integrated Solution
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Time frame:
• Short-term- entry points
• Mid-term
• Long-term
4.3. R4D intervention options
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20
Upstream
Midstream
Downstream
Upstream
• Collective action (SWC)
• Trans boundary issues (forests, water, grazing land)
Targets/social groups:
• Gender
• Wealth
• Sex
• Watershed/Landscape positions
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Research:
• Action
• Empirical
• Strategic
• ExploratoryParticipatory soil and nutrient losses assessment from 3 land use systems at AHI site in Galessa, Ethiopia.
Side view of a landscape level SWC at Galessa, AHI site
• Fallow land = 30 t ha-1 yr-1
• Cultivated land with soil bund = 23 t ha-1 yr-1
• Cultivated land without soil bund = 40 t ha-1 yr-1
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Locations:
• Farm- Action research
• FTC- Empirical research
• Research and University plots - Empirical research
• School and church compounds- Empirical research
• Communal land- Action research
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Approach:
• IPs
• FRGs
• FFS
Scaling: zonal, regional and national level ?
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• Tree FRG in
Wolmera, Holetta
and Dendi – Ginchi,
Central Ethiopia
• Gully rehabilitation
FRG- Galessa,
Central Ethiopia
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Examples of Africa RISING project R4D interventions
Forage development
Vetch
Oat
Involvement of local partners in protocol development and their implementation- how to improve it?
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Improved crop varieties
(wheat, potato and faba
bean)
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Potato varieties
Storage- DLS
Maket
Food security
Examples of integrated and intensified crop production from AHI project in the highlands of Ethiopia
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Oat varieties
Cross breed cows Milk processing for consumption & income
Examples of intensified livestock husbandry from AHI project in the highlands of Ethiopia
Tree lucerne
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29
Examples of water related interventions in ILRI-UNEPWU project at Kabe watershed, Amhara (digital stories)
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Examples of Africa RISING capacity development approaches
• Trainings
• Cross-site visits
• Field days
• Workshops/
learning events
• Student attachment
• Gap assessment and filling of local partner institutions
Farmers research groups identification at Jewe, Africa RISING kebele in Lemo, SNNPR
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Examples of Africa RISING value chain development approach
• Selection of cross cutting VC enterprises across AR sites- (crop-wheat, fababean and potato) and (livestock- dairy cattle, beef cattle and sheep)
• Mapping of VC actors and service providers
• Rapid assessment of VC actors and service providers
• Sampling and interviewing of selected actors and service providers
• Develop VC interventions (7 crop and livestock related interventions)
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4.4. Documentation and scaling best bet options
Scaling:
• Out scaling (horizontal scaling up)
• Up scaling (vertical scaling up)
Documentation:
• Processes
• lessons
• Site level
• Project level-on line
• Within or beyond
Africa RISING sites?
• Scaling strategies
• Targets
Strengthen
through training
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4.5. Communication
• How to pack and make available information to various end users – from farmers to policy makers?
Some Tools:
• Posters
• Brochures
• Briefs
• Digital stories
• Videos
• Publications
Access:
• Online
• Knowledge center
• Local language- farmers
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5. Lessons from earlier project initiatives and Africa RISING project
• Identification of the categories of farmers that have common
interest/s - to target their needs, contributions and decisions.
• Reflection/feed backing/evaluation at different levels of the
research-to improve approaches and actions.
• Farming communities and local admin express their commitments
when R&D partners work with them on priority issues.
• Interventions that give immediate benefits to the farming
communities (e.g. improved crop varieties) – NRM agenda.
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• Linking the high value produces to the market – benefit
communities - encourage them to participate in d/t R&D
initiatives.
• Project exist strategies – sustainability of R&D efforts.
• Documentation of processes and lessons – share experiences to
practitioners
• Integration challenges – capacity of supporting institutions
• Data sharing/data base issues – staff turnover dynamism
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Thank you for listening!!