agricultural monitoring by earth observation...
TRANSCRIPT
Agricultural Monitoring by
Earth Observation Satellite
Agricultural Monitoring by
Earth Observation Satellite
Toru Fukuda
DirectorEarth Observation Research Center
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
APEC Workshop on Food Security@Tokyo, JAPAN17 January 2012
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ContentsContents
1.
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)2.
Earth Observation by Remote Sensing
3.
Agricultural Monitoring Activities4.
Future Missions
3
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
On October 1, 2003, the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan (NAL)
and the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) were merged into JAXA.
From basic research and development to utilization related to space science and technology.
Building a secure and prosperous society through the utilization of aerospace technology is an important mission.
Tsukuba Space Center(Visit on Jan. 19th)
Tanegashima Space Center
13 offices
(communication station,
research field, campus
and center)
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Lineup of JAXA’s Satellites (Sensors)Lineup of JAXA’s Satellites (Sensors)
- Earth Observation Satellite ‐
Communication Satellite
‐
Global Navigation Satellite System
GOSAT
Greenhouse gases
Observing SATellite
QZSS
Quasi‐zenith Satellite
System
ALOS
Advanced Land
Observing Satellite
Aqua AMSR‐E
Advanced Microwave
Scanning Radiometer
‐EOS
TRMM PR
Tropical Rainfall
Measuring
MissionPrecipitation
Radar
GCOM‐C
Global Change
Observation Mission
‐
Climate
GPM DPR
Global Precipitation
Measurement
Dual‐frequency
Precipitation Radar
GCOM‐W
Global Change
Observation Mission
‐
Water
EarthCARE
Earth Cloud, Aerosol
and Radiation
Explorer
ALOS‐2
Advanced Land
Observing Satellite‐2
ALOS‐3
Advanced Land
Observing Satellite‐3
WINDS
Wideband
InterNetworking
engineering test
and Demonstration
Satellite
ETS‐VIII
Engineering Test
Satellite VIII
DRTS
Data Relay Test
Satellite
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What is Earth Observation by Remote Sensing ?What is Earth Observation by Remote Sensing ?
All materials reflect, absorb, transmit, and emit electromagnetic radiation in a unique way with respect to wavelength.
From the detected electromagnetic radiation by sensors, the target objects are identified.
Reflection
Radiation
Sensor
Definition of Remote SensingRemote sensing is the science and art of
obtaining information about an object without making physical contact with it.
Especially, remote sensing of the Earth’s surface or atmosphere
by sensors onboard airplane or
satellite is described as
Earth Observation. [Ress, 2001, Lillesand
et al., 2008]
Principles of Remote Sensing
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Earth Observation satellites can collect the information:
1) Over a broad area, even if the area is difficult to access,
2) Periodically, 3) With high consistency, 4) In near real-time, 5) Cost-effectively.
Approx. 600-800 km heightfrom the Earth’s surface
Advantages of Earth Observation by SatelliteAdvantages of Earth Observation by Satellite
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Approx. 70km
Earth Observation from Global to LocalEarth Observation from Global to Local
ADEOS-II GLIALOS AVNIR-2
Cropland In Japan
Agricultural Monitoring by Earth Observation SatellitesAgricultural Monitoring by Earth Observation Satellites
Global/Regional/National Food Security InformationCrop Statistics Early Warning Damage Estimation
Agricultural Monitoring by Satellites
Population Growth
@ Feed rapid‐increasing population @ Adaptation to climate change
Increasing Food Demand and Climate Change
1) Cover broad area and Everywhere
2) Periodic 3) High consistency 4) Near real-time 5) Cost-effective
Global warming [IPCC AR4, 2007]
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JAXA Satellites (Sensors) for Agricultural Applications
TRMM
ALOS
Aqua AMSR‐E
Soil Moisture(drought)
Precipitation (drought)
Crop Area Mapping
(production)
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Expectation from International CommunityExpectation from International Community
Action Plan on food price volatility and agriculture ‐
International Research Initiative for Wheat Improvement (IRIWI)
‐
Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS) ‐
Global Agricultural Geo‐Monitoring Initiative (GLAM)
‐
Rapid Response Forum ... [Meeting of G20 Agriculture Ministers, 2011]
[G20 France 2011 Summit final declaration, 2011]
Global Agricultural Geo-monitoring Initiative (GLAM) ‐
Strengthen global agricultural monitoring by improving the use of
remote sensing tools. ‐
To enhance
crop production projections and
weather forecasting.
‐
Useful input for AMIS
concerning the provision of more accurate crop forecasts data.
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JAXA : Agricultural Monitoring ActivitiesJAXA : Agricultural Monitoring Activities
- Paddy Rice Field Mapping - Crop Yield Estimation - Drought Monitoring - Agro-meteorological Monitoring- Flood Damage Estimation
Research & Development
MAFF (JAPAN) - Food Security Policy - National Agricultural Statistics
Domestic CooperationInternational Cooperation
Bilateral - GISTDA-JAXA Joint Research (Thailand)- SAFE Prototyping (Indonesia, Cambodia)
Multilateral - G20 Global Agricultural Geo-monitoring
Initiative - Group on Earth Observations Agriculture - Asian Development Bank
Japan Agricultural Geo-Monitoring Committee
[Organized by JAXA since 2009]
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Importance of Paddy Rice in AsiaImportance of Paddy Rice in Asia
Asian countries are responsible for approximately 90% of the world rice production and consumptions.
Rice related statistics or information such as growth conditions or yield estimation are imperative for policy makers to ensure
economy and food security in Asia.
[Monfreda, C., N., 2008]
Map of rice production across the world
Top10 Rice Production Countries in 2008China
India
IndonesiaBangladesh
Viet NamThailand
MyanmarPhilippines
Japan
Brazil
[FAOSTAT]
Framework for Crop Yield EstimationFramework for Crop Yield Estimation
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Crop Growth Monitoring
Land Resource・Land Use・Crop Calendar・Soil Moisture・Soil Map
Cultivation Map
Agro‐meteorology・Precipitation・Temperature・Solar Radiation
Remote Sensing (RS)
Ground Obs.
Remote Sensing (RS)
Ground Obs.
Cropping and
Cultivating Monitoring
Cultivation Suitable
Land Survey
Crop Model
Ground Observation
Statistical Data
Crop Yield MapCrop Yield Map
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GISTDA‐JAXA Joint ResearchGISTDA‐JAXA Joint Research
On Jan 27, 2011, GISTDA and JAXA organized a workshop for Thailand Earth Observation Satellite (THEOS) series and Advanced
Land Observing Satellite (ALOS)
series cooperation and formulated plans for joint research and development on three topics:
(1) Rice crop monitoring, (2) Flood monitoring,
(3) Coastal erosion monitoring.
2nd Workshop@Bangkok
Sharing knowledge, satellite data and in‐situ data collected
together, and jointly deal with same research topics.
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Overcoming Cloud Problem by Microwave SensorOvercoming Cloud Problem by Microwave Sensor
Southeast Asia is cloudy and cloud disturbs land remote sensing.
Microwave can penetrate cloud and acquire land‐surface information even if the area is covered by cloud.
Microwave ImageOptical Image
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ALOS PALSAR
Khon
Kaen,
Thailand
2008/06/032008/07/192008/09/032008/10/19
R:G:B = HH:HV:HH
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Paddy Rice Field MappingPaddy Rice Field Mapping
ALOS/PALSAR is Japanese SAR sensor and penetrate clouds and acquire land‐
surface information even if the area is covered by cloud.
2008/10/19
(Maturing
Phase)
2008/07/19
(Open Water
Phase)
2008/09/03(Rice growing
Phase)
R:G:B = HH:HV:HH
Crop Phenology Information Paddy Field Map (Khon Kaen, Thailand)
Paddy Field
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Flood Damage Monitoring by Airborne RADARFlood Damage Monitoring by Airborne RADAR
Flood damages of paddy rice field in Suphan
Buri, Thailand
27 September 2011 8 November 2011
Water area : Black, Purple
Field Camera(automatic data
collection system)
[Photo Courtesy of Prof.
Mizoguchi, U.Tokyo]
Camera
Airborne RADAR (Pi-SAR-L)
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Agricultural Monitoring in SAFE Initiative Agricultural Monitoring in SAFE Initiative
Space Applications For Environment (SAFE) is initiative under the framework of the Asia‐Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum
(APRSAF).
SAFE aims to encourage environmental monitoring for climate change mitigation and adaptation studies, as well as studies on other forms of practical application, using space applications.
SAFE is open to every agency in Asia-Pacific Region for submitting new proposal.
Prototyping Executor(user agency)
Technical Supporter(university, research institute)
Data & Application Creator(university, research institute)
Framework of SAFE Implementation
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SAFE Prototyping ProjectsSAFE Prototyping Projects
Status CountryExecutor Theme LAUNCH FINAL
Report
Success Story
VIETNAMFIPI,MARD
Integrated water resource management May, 2008
Jun,2010
VIETNAMNHMS,MONRE
Forest monitoring May, 2008
Jun,2010
Completing CAMBODIAMOWRAM
Water Cycle and Agricultural Activities May, 2009
Jun,2011
LAO PDRWREA,WERI
Forest monitoring and management May,2009
Jun,2011
On-Going INDONESIALAPAN
Potential Drought Monitoring Jan,2010
Dec,2011
SRI LANKACCD
Risk of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Zone Jan,2010
Dec,2011
PAKISTANPMD
Monitoring Water Cycle Variations & Assessing Climate Change Impacts
Jun,2010
(Jun),2012
SRI LANKANARA
Modeling ocean frontal zones using high resolution satellite and float data to locate tune fish aggregations
Nov,2010
(Nov),2012
THAILANDDOF
Economic Fish Larvae Mapping and Monitoring Nov,2010
(Dec),2012
VIETNAM FIPI,MARD
Mangrove Forest Mapping and Carbon Stock Estimation Nov,2010
(Dec),2012
More detail : http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/SAFE/index.html
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Drought Monitoring in IndonesiaDrought Monitoring in Indonesia
[Prof. Takeuchi, U.Tokyo]
Drought Index from satellite‐based precipitation and temperature
DryWet 22[Prof. Takeuchi, U.Tokyo]
Drought Monitoring over Java IslandDrought Monitoring over Java Island
Next SAFE Workshop in This YearNext SAFE Workshop in This Year
Date and Place ‐
May 2012
‐
Australia
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SAFE Workshop in APRSAF‐18@Singapore More detail, Please visit SAFE portal site. http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/SAFE/index.html
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Precipitation Photosynthetic Active Radiation
Land and Sea Surface Temperature Soil Moisture
JAXA’s Agro‐meteorological Products for Yield EstimationJAXA’s Agro‐meteorological Products for Yield Estimation
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Global Drought Monitoring for Food SecurityGlobal Drought Monitoring for Food Security
Satellite derived drought information have been utilized as one of the tools for policymaking in Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), Japan.
Dry
Wet
Aqua AMSR-E
Drought Area July 2010
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Future Missions : New Earth Observation SatellitesFuture Missions : New Earth Observation Satellites
GCOM‐W
(Soil moisture, Precipitation)
GCOM‐C
(Crop phenology, LST, PAR )
2012 2013 TBD
These Earth observation satellites can be utilized for agricultural monitoring
GPM DPR
(Precipitation)
ALOS‐2
(Crop type and Damage mapping)ALOS‐3
(Detailed Crop type mapping)
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GCOM‐W (will be Launched in this year !!)GCOM‐W (will be Launched in this year !!)
Global Change Observation Mission ‐
Water (GCOM‐W)
Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) onboard GCOM‐W will observe
precipitation, vapor amounts, wind velocity
above the ocean, sea water temperature, water levels on land areas
and snow depths.
Pre‐Flight Model (PFM)GCOM‐W
Agriculture is promising application areas to utilize remote sensing .
Earth Observation satellites can provide agricultural information such as crop area map, yield estimation and drought condition.
International cooperation of agricultural Earth observation ‐
GISTDA‐JAXA Joint research
‐
Agricultural projects by SAFE prototyping ‐
G20 Global Agricultural Geo‐monitoring Initiative
‐
GEO Agriculture
Contribution to the agricultural Earth observation symposiums ‐
Integrated Crop Forecasting Technical Meeting
[Canberra, Australia, 13‐14 February 2011] ‐
GEOSS Asia‐Pacific Symposium (Food Security Session)
[Tokyo, Japan, 2‐4 April 2011]
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Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks
GEO: Group on Earth ObservationsGEOSS: Global Earth Observation System of Systems
