ahs. some different - wur · 2 2,5 1234 5678...

ANIMAL HEALTHUNIVERSITY COMPLUTENSE, MADRID

Prof. José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaí[email protected]

www.sanidadanimal.info

Emerging Vector borne Viral DiseasesNetherlands, November 2008

Control and eradication

RREFERENCE EFERENCE LLABORATORYABORATORY

AHS. Some different

AHS TOOLS

-0,5

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Cycle number

Fluo

resc

ence

10exp-1

10exp-1

10exp-1

10exp-2

10exp-2

10exp-2

10exp-3

10exp-3

10exp-3

10exp-4

10exp-4

10exp-4

10exp-5

10exp-5

10exp-5

10exp-6

10exp-6

10exp-6

10exp-7

10exp-7

10exp-7

VECTORS

VACCINE

Samples.

Culicoides identification, capture and distribution

Good diagnosis techniques

Agüero et al., 2002

Fernández, et al., 2006, 2008

Agüero et al., 2006Rodriguez et al 2007, 2008

••LIVE MODIFIED (MONOLIVE MODIFIED (MONO-- POLY) POLY) (Blackburn, 1987; (Blackburn, 1987; HouseHouse, 1993), 1993)

••IINACTIVATED NACTIVATED (S4(S4) ) ((HouseHouse y col; 1994; y col; 1994; LaviadaLaviada y y col.1995)col.1995)

••RRECOMBINANTSECOMBINANTS (Mart(Martííneznez--TorrecuadraTorrecuadra y col, 1996)y col, 1996)

InactivatedInactivatedDIVADIVA

LivesLives RecombinantRecombinantDIVADIVA

AHSV VACCINES

Arbovirus,

Fam. Reoviridae

MORTALITY70-95%

VIRAEMIA:

4-8 DAYS

18 DAYS

INFECTIOUS BUT NOCONTAGIOUS DISEASE

EPIDEMIOLOGY

MORTALITY:

MULES: 50%

DONKEYS: 10%

VIRAEMIA: 28 DAYS

Proteínas menoresinternas

Proteínas de la cápside

interna

VP2

VP5

VP7

VP3

VP1

VP4

VP6

Proteínas dela cápsideexterna

NS1

NS2

NS3

Genoma

Proteínas no estructurales Proteínas

Proteínas de la

VP2

VP5

VP7

VP3

VP1

VP4

VP6

Proteínas de

NS1

NS2

NS3

Genoma


menoresinternas

Proteínas de la cápside

interna

VP2

VP5

VP7

VP3

VP1

VP4

VP6

Proteínas dela cápsideexterna

NS1

NS2

NS3

Genoma


Proteínas de la

VP2

VP5

VP7

VP3

VP1

VP4

VP6

Proteínas de

NS1

NS2

NS3

Genoma

Proteínas no estructurales

Prote

ínas

est r

uc t

ur a

les

Etiology

Molecular StructureMolecular Structure

RNA

Differential diagnosis

serotype

AHSV serotypesAHSV serotypes

Nine different serotypes

In the mediterranean countries:

Setrotypes 9 (1966) and

4 (1987-1990)

Historical DistributionHistorical Distribution

BUT……

http://ec.europa.eu/food/animal/diseases/controlmeasures/bluetongue_restrictedzones-map.jpg

Source: FAO

2007

Serotype 2Nigeria ySenegal

Serotype 7Senegal

Serotype 4Kenya

AHSV OUTBREAKS

2008

EtiopíaSerotipo 2

CLINICAL PICTURESCLINICAL PICTURES

RESPIRATORY FORM

CARDIAC FORM

OEDEMA OF LUNGSHYDROPERICARDIUMSUBCUTANEUS GELATINEEPICARDIA AND ENDOCARDIA

N

EW

S

Routes of AHS introduction

Animal trade

Transport

Wind

Contaminated vaccines

Source: http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/04_03/1DustCloudAP_468x312.jpg

Dust transportationshort distances….

The amount of Culicoides that can beamount of Culicoides that can be

carried by the windcarried by the wind.

Source: http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=2164

…and long distances

The amount of amount of CulicoidesCulicoides that can be that can be


DREAM: Dust REgional Atmospheric Model

Source: http://www.bsc.es/projects/earthscience/DREAM/

Figure 1. Coverage of DREAM Figure 2. Example of DREAM output

Origin, Altitude, Quantity, Destination

The amount of Culicoides that can be amount of Culicoides that can be



Modeling the number of Culicoides transported by the wind

0.5 microgram

Source: SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE

0.1 to 10 microgramBarnum et al. 2004

0.73 to 6.1 microgramPerez et al. 2006



Analysis of 5680 outputs5680 outputs (daily prediction of dust deposition into Europe from 2004 to 2007)




20022002--20062006

Analysis: Kernel density

surface concentration of dust (ug/m3)

0

10

20

30

40

50

Dust in Baleares Outbreaks in Baleares Outbreaks in TunisiaOutbreaks in Argelia Outbreaks in Morrocco PrecipitationT_max_abs T_min_abs

BTV introduction in Balearic Islands

BTV introduction in Andalucía

0

10

20

30

40

50

Dust Andalucía Outbreaks Andalucía Tunisia Outbreaks Argelia Outbreaks

Morrocco outbreaks T_min_abs T_max_abs precipitation

Conclusion

• Culicoides (BTV+) most likely are carried by the wind from N. Africa to Spain

• Outbreaks in Argelia or Tunisia risk of introduction by the wind in the Balearic Islands

• Outbreaks in Morocco risk of introduction by the wind in Andalucía.

AHS IN SPAIN. A REVIEW

June 1987

HISTORY OF AHS IN SPAIN HISTORY OF AHS IN SPAIN

20022002--20062006

Analysis: Kernel density

surface concentration of dust (ug/m3)

MODELIZATION. BT MODEL.

vector

:

TminTminminTmax

Altitud

Humedity

Precipitation

Permeability1) no2) Low3) Midium4) High

Vegetation

N

EW

S

InsignificantLow.Moderate.High

Martínez et al., 2003

19901990

19881988

19871987

Andalucía

AHS in SPAIN IIAHS in SPAIN II

1.493 Animals died

AHS, 1987

Virus: No well Know

Poor Diagnosis: (CF, SN)

Live Vaccine

Location of Vectors: Unknow

Live attenuatedProphylaxis:Live vaccines are good forthe Control diseases but not for eradication.Inactivated vaccines are better

Good and fast diagnostictechniques: Differential

AHS ERADICATION PROGRAMME 87-90AHS ERADICATION PROGRAMME 87-90

POLIVALENT

MONOVALENT (S 4)

INACTIVATED (S4)

Study of the climatic factors in the areaStudy of the climatic factors in the area

Vector is present all through the year in the area

Vector cycle is interrupted in cold areas

AHS ERADICATION PROGRAMMEAHS ERADICATION PROGRAMME

Inmovilization of equidae and all equine contact prohibited

Sacrifice or isolation of sick animals(animals who survives are not carrier)

Control of vectors

Vaccination of all the equine population

Other key points of AHS eradication success

Estimación de variación de Tª por encima de 2080

Cambios de Tª respecto al periodo 1961-1990

Fuente EEA, IPPC

0.5 microgram

Source: SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE

0.1 to 10 microgramBarnum et al. 2004

0.73 to 6.1 microgramPerez et al. 2006



WHAT CANWHAT CAN WE DO?WE DO?

http://rasve.mapa.es/Publica/Formacion/curso/index.html

Research need

•Diva Multi-serotypes vaccine.

Identification of vector trasmitting in Europe(C. Obsoletus, C.Pulicaris ????).

Duration of virus infectivity in all afectedspecies. Other animal reservoir

Understanding of Orbivirus persists betweenyears.

Risk Analysis and Modelling

BANK VACCINE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

RREFERENCE EFERENCE LLABORATORYABORATORY

Thank you

[email protected]

ahs. some different - wur · 2 2,5 1234 5678...

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