Friday, February 5, 2010Friday, February 5, 2010

Agree Disagree 1. The Bessemer Agree Agree Disagree 1. The Bessemer Agree DisagreeDisagree

____ ____ Process involved ____ ________ ____ Process involved ____ ____

blowing air through molten blowing air through molten gold to burn away impurities. gold to burn away impurities.

____ ____ 2. The last major ____ _________ ____ 2. The last major ____ _____Native American conflictNative American conflict

occurred at Wounded Knee.occurred at Wounded Knee.

Friday, February 8, 2010Friday, February 8, 2010

Agree Disagree 1. Henry Ford Agree Agree Disagree 1. Henry Ford Agree DisagreeDisagree

____ ____ used the assembly ____ ________ ____ used the assembly ____ ____

line to make the Model T.line to make the Model T.

____ ____ 2. John D. Rockefeller ____ _________ ____ 2. John D. Rockefeller ____ _____ believed the wealthy had a responsibilitybelieved the wealthy had a responsibility to use it for the betterment of the poor. to use it for the betterment of the poor.

Friday, February 9, 2010Friday, February 9, 2010

Agree Disagree 1. Theodore Roosevelt Agree DisagreeAgree Disagree 1. Theodore Roosevelt Agree Disagree

____ ____ passed the Food and ____ ________ ____ passed the Food and ____ ____

Drug Act after readingDrug Act after reading The Jungle.The Jungle.

____ ____ 2. Clayton Antitrust Act ____ _________ ____ 2. Clayton Antitrust Act ____ _____gave the government the power to investigategave the government the power to investigate companies for unfair business practices .companies for unfair business practices .

Friday, February 10, 2010Friday, February 10, 2010

Agree Disagree 1. W.E.B. Dubois Agree Agree Disagree 1. W.E.B. Dubois Agree DisagreeDisagree

____ ____ organized the ____ ________ ____ organized the ____ ____

the Niagara Movement. the Niagara Movement.

____ ____ 2. Plessy vs. Ferguson ____ _________ ____ 2. Plessy vs. Ferguson ____ _____was a Supreme Court case thatwas a Supreme Court case thatended segregation in America .ended segregation in America .

AHSGE Chapter 7AHSGE Chapter 7 Expansion and IndustrializationExpansion and Industrialization

The RailroadsThe RailroadsPromontory Point, UtahPromontory Point, Utah – – town where the Union Pacific and Central Pacific town where the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads met completing the transcontinental railroads met completing the transcontinental railroad. railroad.

How important wereHow important were the railroads for expansion the railroads for expansion in the U.S.?in the U.S.?Railroads became the chief Railroads became the chief means of national means of national transportation transportation during the second half of during the second half of the 19the 19thth century. century.

Conflicts with Native AmericansConflicts with Native Americans

ReservationsReservations – see previous notes – see previous notes

What was the significance of the What was the significance of the buffalo to the Native Americans?buffalo to the Native Americans?

Buffalos were the main source of food for Buffalos were the main source of food for Native Americans living on the Great Native Americans living on the Great Plains. White settlers killed many buffalo Plains. White settlers killed many buffalo for their hides and left the meat to rot for their hides and left the meat to rot taking away the livelihood of the Native taking away the livelihood of the Native Americans. Americans.

Important Indian Battles and Important Indian Battles and Congressional ActionCongressional Action

Battle of the Little BighornBattle of the Little Bighorn – – Sioux warriors surrounded Sioux warriors surrounded U.S. Army General George CusterU.S. Army General George Custer and killed every soldier under and killed every soldier under his command. his command.

Dawes Act (General Allotment Act)Dawes Act (General Allotment Act) – – In an attempt to assimilate Native Americans In an attempt to assimilate Native Americans

into the mainstream of society, Congress into the mainstream of society, Congress dissolved reservations and gave each Native dissolved reservations and gave each Native American family 160 acres to farm. Any American family 160 acres to farm. Any excess land had to be sold to the government excess land had to be sold to the government at low prices plunging the Native Americans at low prices plunging the Native Americans deeper into poverty. deeper into poverty.

With white settlers ability to move to With white settlers ability to move to the the westwest with the development of the with the development of the Transcontinental RailroadTranscontinental Railroad, possibility , possibility of free land with the of free land with the Homestead ActHomestead Act and the and the Discovery of goldDiscovery of gold in in California. California. WarWar with the with the Native Native AmericansAmericans was almost was almost inevitableinevitable. .

Wounded Knee Wounded Knee

WovokaWovoka – – Sioux prophet who developed a religious ritual Sioux prophet who developed a religious ritual

called the called the Ghost DanceGhost Dance (Sioux believed this (Sioux believed this dance would bring back the buffalo and return dance would bring back the buffalo and return the Native American tribes to their land.) This the Native American tribes to their land.) This frightened white settlers. frightened white settlers.

Sitting BullSitting Bull – – Sioux leader whomSioux leader whom the U.S. Army believed was using the U.S. Army believed was using the Ghost Dance to start a the Ghost Dance to start a Native American uprising. Native American uprising.

Wounded KneeWounded Knee

– – After trying to arrest Sitting Bull a fight After trying to arrest Sitting Bull a fight broke out and he was killed by the U.S. broke out and he was killed by the U.S. Army. They then pursued the Sioux men, Army. They then pursued the Sioux men, women and children to their camp at women and children to their camp at Wounded Knee Creek. The Wounded Knee Creek. The SiouxSioux were were massacredmassacred by the by the U.S. armyU.S. army (around 350 (around 350 killed). This marked the end of U.S. Army killed). This marked the end of U.S. Army battles with Native Americans. battles with Native Americans.

CHUNK #1CHUNK #1 The Bessemer ProcessThe Bessemer Process

Turn to page 92. Read Turn to page 92. Read The The BessemerBessemer ProcessProcess, and answer the , and answer the following following questions.questions.

SettingSetting When? – When? –

Characters Characters Who? -Who? -

Plot Plot What is it? –What is it? –

OutcomeOutcome What could now be done? –What could now be done? –

Important Development used in Important Development used in Continental ExpansionContinental Expansion

The Bessemer ProcessThe Bessemer Process – – process by which steel could be made process by which steel could be made

faster and more efficiently. faster and more efficiently. Bessemer, Bessemer, AlabamaAlabama

(important steel center) is named (important steel center) is named after man who invented process. after man who invented process.

RevolverRevolver – – type of pistol which had a cylinder type of pistol which had a cylinder

containing several chambers allowing for containing several chambers allowing for more rapid firing. Became a standard for more rapid firing. Became a standard for personal protection in the West. personal protection in the West.

Steel PlowSteel Plow

– – Invented by Invented by John DeereJohn Deere. The plow was . The plow was strong enough to cut thorough the though strong enough to cut thorough the though prairie sod of the Midwest and the Plains. prairie sod of the Midwest and the Plains.

WindmillWindmill

– – Farmers in the Plains Farmers in the Plains

used the wind’s power to pump water used the wind’s power to pump water

(which was 100 feet underground) (which was 100 feet underground)

to the surface. to the surface.

Barbed WireBarbed Wire – – Wire with barbed points that gave farmers Wire with barbed points that gave farmers

a cheap and efficient way to fence in their a cheap and efficient way to fence in their land. land.

Transcontinental RailroadTranscontinental Railroad – – Provided the easiest way to move people Provided the easiest way to move people

and products to the major cities. Towns and products to the major cities. Towns developed along the railroads which lead developed along the railroads which lead to the settlement of the west. to the settlement of the west.

All of these All of these inventionsinventions helped in the helped in the settlementsettlement of the of the Great PlainsGreat Plains. .

Farming in the 1870s and Farming in the 1870s and 1880s1880s

GrangeGrange

– – Cooperative formed by local farmers to Cooperative formed by local farmers to protect their interests from industries cutting protect their interests from industries cutting into their farming revenues (profits).into their farming revenues (profits).

Populist MovementPopulist Movement started by farmers who started by farmers who wanted higher prices for their crops and wanted higher prices for their crops and livestock. livestock.

Populists PartyPopulists Party

– – formed to address the concerns of formed to address the concerns of

farmers and other reformers. farmers and other reformers.

Alabama Agriculture and IndustryAlabama Agriculture and Industry

Boll WeevilBoll Weevil Insect that destroyed the cotton crops of Alabama. Insect that destroyed the cotton crops of Alabama. Forced farmers to Forced farmers to diversify their cropsdiversify their crops. .

Birmingham, AlabamaBirmingham, Alabama – known for – known for steelsteel and and ironiron making.making.

Mobile, AlabamaMobile, Alabama – known for its important – known for its important shipping shipping industryindustry. .

Many investors came to Alabama and started Many investors came to Alabama and started large large textile industries due to the states’ ready textile industries due to the states’ ready

supply of cottonsupply of cotton..

ReviewReview

1.1. Describe the Dawes Act.Describe the Dawes Act.

2.2. Name the important developments Name the important developments listed in the PowerPoint that were listed in the PowerPoint that were used in the Continental Expansion.used in the Continental Expansion.

Important Industrial InventionsImportant Industrial Inventions Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution – – During the 1880s theDuring the 1880s the U.S. used its natural U.S. used its natural resources and spirit resources and spirit of invention to begin of invention to begin the process of industrialization. the process of industrialization.

Transatlantic CableTransatlantic Cable – first telegraph cable – first telegraph cable beneath the Atlantic Ocean. It allowed the U.S. to beneath the Atlantic Ocean. It allowed the U.S. to hear of developments in Europe immediately hear of developments in Europe immediately through telegraph messages. through telegraph messages.

Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell – first – first telephone transmission. telephone transmission.

Move to the CitiesMove to the Cities

Many people left their farms and moved Many people left their farms and moved

to the city for higher wages (more money)to the city for higher wages (more money)

as the as the industrializationindustrialization continued in the continued in the

U.S. U.S. They were looking for jobs.They were looking for jobs.

Waves of immigrants from Europe also came in Waves of immigrants from Europe also came in search of work. search of work.

A population explosion created many opportunities A population explosion created many opportunities and caused many problems in the cities. and caused many problems in the cities.

Henry FordHenry Ford – In 1913, the first – In 1913, the first

moving automobile moving automobile assembly lineassembly line

was introduced improving the waywas introduced improving the way

items were made in America. items were made in America.

SuburbsSuburbs began to develop in began to develop in

association with the growingassociation with the growing

availabilityavailability of the of the automobileautomobile..

CHUNK #2 CHUNK #2 Robber BaronsRobber Barons

Turn to page 96. Read Turn to page 96. Read Famous Robber Barons and Famous Robber Barons and Their MonopoliesTheir Monopolies, and answer the following , and answer the following questions. questions.

John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller - Owned - Owned ..- Monopoly in the oil industry because he - Monopoly in the oil industry because he was the only was the only supplier of oil from supplier of oil from ..

Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie - Owned a - Owned a that that controlled the controlled the and and owned the owned the railroads railroads and steam ships. and steam ships.

- Monopoly in the production of steel and - Monopoly in the production of steel and competition. competition.

Cornelius VanderbiltCornelius Vanderbilt - Owned the - Owned the railroad.railroad.

Negative Aspects of UrbanizationNegative Aspects of Urbanization

MonopolyMonopoly – only one supplier for a – only one supplier for a particular industry.particular industry.

Robber BaronsRobber Barons – the name for some – the name for some 1919thth century capitalists because they century capitalists because they became wealthy by exploitation and became wealthy by exploitation and ruthlessness. ruthlessness.

John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller – owned – owned

the Standard Oil Company.the Standard Oil Company.

`̀ Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie – owned a steel company that – owned a steel company that controlled the iron and coal mines and owned controlled the iron and coal mines and owned railroads and steam ships. railroads and steam ships.

Gospel of WealthGospel of Wealth – belief by – belief by Andrew Carnegie that the wealthyAndrew Carnegie that the wealthy had a responsibility to use it forhad a responsibility to use it for the betterment of the poor. Gave the betterment of the poor. Gave much of his wealth away.much of his wealth away.

Cornelius VanderbiltCornelius Vanderbilt – owned the Central – owned the Central Railroad. Railroad.

Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism – Only the – Only the strongest business will survive. strongest business will survive.

Labor UnionsLabor Unions

Labor UnionsLabor Unions – organizations of workers – organizations of workers who put pressure on industries to improve who put pressure on industries to improve working conditions. working conditions.

StrikeStrike – the refusal to work – the refusal to work

until certain conditions are met. until certain conditions are met.

American Federation of Labor (AFL)American Federation of Labor (AFL) – – worked to organize strikes in entire worked to organize strikes in entire industries (car manufacturing).industries (car manufacturing).

ImmigrantsImmigrants

RacismRacism – prejudice. – prejudice.

NativismNativism – favoring one’s nation – favoring one’s nation or region.or region.

1882 – Chinese Exclusion Act1882 – Chinese Exclusion Act – – prohibited Chinese from immigrating to the prohibited Chinese from immigrating to the U.S.U.S.

1921 – The Emergency Quota Act1921 – The Emergency Quota Act – – Law limiting the number of legal Law limiting the number of legal immigrants to 3% of the total population immigrants to 3% of the total population of each nationality from Southern and of each nationality from Southern and Eastern Europe. Eastern Europe.

1924 – National Origins Act of 19241924 – National Origins Act of 1924 – – Changed quota of immigrants from Changed quota of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe to 2% and Southern and Eastern Europe to 2% and prohibited all immigration from Asia. prohibited all immigration from Asia.

The Progressive MovementThe Progressive Movement

ProgressivismProgressivism – developed in response – developed in response to the growing to the growing corruption in big businesscorruption in big business. . It championed the causes of whoever was It championed the causes of whoever was being oppressed by society. being oppressed by society.

MuckrakersMuckrakers – – journalistsjournalists who who wrote wrote storiesstories about the about the abuses of big businessabuses of big business on workers and consumers. on workers and consumers.

The JungleThe Jungle by Upton Sinclair by Upton Sinclair – exposed – exposed the miserable working conditions and the miserable working conditions and dangerous food quality in meat processingdangerous food quality in meat processing

plants in Chicago. plants in Chicago.

The History of the Standard The History of the Standard Oil CompanyOil Company by Ida Tarbell by Ida Tarbell – exposed – exposed the ruthless practices of thethe ruthless practices of the Standard Oil Company it its quest Standard Oil Company it its quest to gain a monopoly in the oil company.to gain a monopoly in the oil company.

Horace MannHorace Mann – pushed for the – pushed for the public public educationeducation of men and women in the early of men and women in the early 1919thth century. century.

ReviewReview

1.1. Why were quota acts passed in the Why were quota acts passed in the early 1920’s?early 1920’s?

2.2. What is Progressivism?What is Progressivism?

CHUNK #3CHUNK #3 Important Amendments to the Important Amendments to the Constitution Constitution

GistGist – Turn to page 98. Read – Turn to page 98. Read Important Amendments to Important Amendments to the Constitutionthe Constitution, and described the four amendments , and described the four amendments in the space provided that gives the “gist” or summary in the space provided that gives the “gist” or summary of the selection. of the selection.

16th Amendment16th Amendment - -

17th Amendment17th Amendment - -

18th Amendment18th Amendment - -

19th Amendment19th Amendment - -

Important Amendments to the Important Amendments to the ConstitutionConstitution

The The Progressive MovementProgressive Movement gained a lot of gained a lot of momentum in the early 1900s and lead to momentum in the early 1900s and lead to the passage of new amendments.the passage of new amendments.

Progressive Amendments – Progressive Amendments – led to the reform of led to the reform of government and businesses. government and businesses.

1616thth – Congress now had the power to – Congress now had the power to collect collect taxestaxes on business and individuals. on business and individuals.

1717thth – The – The election of senators by stateselection of senators by states instead of the state legislatures.instead of the state legislatures.

1818thth – – ProhibitedProhibited the making, selling or the making, selling or transporting of transporting of alcoholicalcoholic beverages. beverages.

1919thth – Gave – Gave womenwomen the the right to voteright to vote. .

President Theodore RooseveltPresident Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt was a was a progressive president who progressive president who initiated several reformsinitiated several reforms while in office. while in office.

National Parks SystemNational Parks System – – protectedprotected huge amounts of land from development. huge amounts of land from development.

Sherman Antitrust ActSherman Antitrust Act – Act passed by – Act passed by Congress that declared the Congress that declared the formation of formation of truststrusts in order to monopolize business in order to monopolize business was was illegalillegal. .

Northern Securities TrustNorthern Securities Trust – a group of – a group of smaller railroad companies formed to set smaller railroad companies formed to set prices and eliminated smallerprices and eliminated smaller

competitors. Prosecuted by Rooseveltcompetitors. Prosecuted by Roosevelt for for violatingviolating the the Sherman Antitrust ActSherman Antitrust Act..

Square DealSquare Deal – a verbal contract with the – a verbal contract with the American people to maintain equality for American people to maintain equality for individuals and for businesses.individuals and for businesses.

Food and Drug ActFood and Drug Act – passed after – passed after Roosevelt read The Jungle. Protected the Roosevelt read The Jungle. Protected the health of U.S. consumers health of U.S. consumers

Election of 1912Election of 1912

Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson – established – established

a reform program called a reform program called

New FreedomNew Freedom. His goal was to. His goal was to

ensure that there was competitionensure that there was competition

in the marketplace. in the marketplace.

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)Federal Trade Commission (FTC) – A – A commission that had the power to commission that had the power to investigate companies for unfair business investigate companies for unfair business practices.practices.

Clayton Antitrust ActClayton Antitrust Act - Act passed by - Act passed by Congress during Congress during Woodrow Wilson’sWoodrow Wilson’s administration that administration that banned businessesbanned businesses from from controlling pricescontrolling prices from from competitioncompetition..

This act made sure that businesses could This act made sure that businesses could not use antitrust laws to break up labor not use antitrust laws to break up labor unions. unions.

ReviewReview

1.1. What was the Square Deal and What was the Square Deal and whose presidency is it associated whose presidency is it associated with?with?

2.2. What did President Wilson’s reform What did President Wilson’s reform program call for?program call for?

Race Relations After ReconstructionRace Relations After Reconstruction

Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan – increased their – increased their

terrorizing of blacks. Lynchingsterrorizing of blacks. Lynchings

were commonplace and schools were commonplace and schools

were burned. Because of this were burned. Because of this

many blacks left the South and moved to the many blacks left the South and moved to the North in what is known as the North in what is known as the Black ExodusBlack Exodus. .

Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington – founded – founded

the the Tuskegee InstituteTuskegee Institute in Alabama. in Alabama.

He believed in the separation ofHe believed in the separation of

races. races.

Tuskegee InstituteTuskegee Institute – school which – school which provided training in the industrial and provided training in the industrial and agricultural fields. Became an important agricultural fields. Became an important center for technical education in the Southcenter for technical education in the South

George Washington CarverGeorge Washington Carver – – student at Tuskegee Institute. student at Tuskegee Institute. He became famous for hisHe became famous for his agricultural experimentation agricultural experimentation with with peanuts, soybeans and peanuts, soybeans and cottonscottons. His contributions . His contributions enabled farmers in the Southenabled farmers in the Southto grow different kinds of crops forto grow different kinds of crops forprofit besides cottonprofit besides cotton. .

W.E.B. DuboisW.E.B. Dubois – First black PH.D. graduate – First black PH.D. graduate from Harvard University. He disagreed with from Harvard University. He disagreed with Booker T. Washington’s philosophy. He Booker T. Washington’s philosophy. He believed blacks should pursue white collar believed blacks should pursue white collar jobs not settle low paying jobs. jobs not settle low paying jobs.

Niagara MovementsNiagara Movements – –

organized by W.E.B. Dubois. organized by W.E.B. Dubois.

MeetingMeeting of of black intellectualsblack intellectuals

that that outlined an agendaoutlined an agenda for for blackblack

progressprogress in the United States. in the United States.

NAACP (National Association for the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)Advancement of Colored People) – – organization of black and white organization of black and white intellectuals who adopted the goals of the intellectuals who adopted the goals of the Niagara movement as their own. Powerful Niagara movement as their own. Powerful organization that helped change the minds organization that helped change the minds of many people about race relations. of many people about race relations.

Plessy v FergusonPlessy v Ferguson – – Supreme Court Supreme Court decision that stated segregation decision that stated segregation

(separation of races) (separation of races) was was legallegal as long as facilities as long as facilities and services were equal. and services were equal. ((Separate but equalSeparate but equal).).

ReviewReview

1.1. What was the goal of the What was the goal of the NAACP?NAACP?

2.2. What kind of impact did What kind of impact did Plessy Plessy v Fergusonv Ferguson have on society? have on society?