aim: how does excretion in humans remove harmful wastes?
TRANSCRIPT
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AIM: How does excretion in humans remove harmful
wastes?
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The Hard-working Kidneys
• The two kidneys in the body receive between 1100 – 2000 liters (1160 – 2100 quarts or 500 gallons) of blood per day –about the volume of a car!
• Because the body has only about 5.6 liters of blood, your blood runs through the kidneys to be cleaned about once every four minutes.
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How is the circulatory system connected to the excretory
system?
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•The circulatory system transports the metabolic wastes from the body cells to the various excretory organs
How is the circulatory system connected to the excretory
system?
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What is the life process of excretion?
• The removal of metabolic wastes produced by the body cells
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How is excretion different from egestion?
• Egestion – the removal of the wastes of digestion – FECES
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What are the five major waste products produced by your cells?
• Carbon Dioxide
• Water
• Salts (minerals)
• Urea
• Heat
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How do these wastes move from the body cells to your excretory
system organs?
• The Circulatory System!
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What are the major organs of the Excretory System?
• Kidney
• Skin
• Lungs
• Liver
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How does the Skin aid in the removal of wastes?
• Perspiration: Gets rid of water, salt, and heat
• Has 2 to 5 million sweat glands
Sweat Gland Blood Vessels
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How do the Lungs aid in the removal of wastes?
• Exhalation• Excretes water, CO2, and heat
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How do the Kidneys aid in the removal of wastes?
• Produce urine and regulate water/salt balance in the blood.
• **major organ of the excretory system**
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What is the major filtering unit of the kidney?
Each kidney is made of 1 million nephrons to filter the blood
The
Nephron
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Description/Function
A Tiny ball of capillaries located at the beginning of each nephron (site of filtration)
B Cup-shaped portion of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulous (site of filtration)
C Site of Reabsorption and Secretion
D All remaining substances in the nephron enter here; Filtrate is now called Urine (Excretion)
E Transports unfiltered blood to the kidney; enables diffusion/active transport of substances into/out of nephron; Transports filtered blood back to the heart
Glomerulous A
B
DE
C
Bowman’s Capsule
Loop Of Henle
Collecting Duct
Blood Vessels
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The Nephron
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NephronBlood Processing:1)Filtration: Arteries transport blood to the
kidney (nephron)Urea, water, Glucose, and
salts (minerals) are filtered out by diffusion/active transport
No!! Way too Big!!!
Will blood cells and proteins be filtered into the nephron?
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NephronBlood Processing:1)Reabsorption: Substances still needed by the
body are removed from the filtrate and reenter the blood via diffusion/active transport
Ex: glucose, water, minerals (NOT urea)
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Nephron
Blood Processing:
3)Secretion:Kidneys remove certain
substances from the blood and add them to the filtrate.
Ex: Salts, Water
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Nephron
Blood Processing:
4)Excretion:Urine has been formed! Will
be moved to the bladder to be excreted from the body
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The Nephron
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The Nephron
B
C D
A
F
E
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What is urine?•The sterile fluid produced by the kidneys
•Mostly water but contains urea and salts
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How does the LIVER aid in the removal of wastes?
•Produces urea from breaking down amino acids (ammonia to urea)
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What are the major organs of the urinary system?
• Kidneys – produce urine
• Ureters – carries urine from
the kidneys to bladder
• Bladder – stores urine
• Urethra – releases the urine
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The Urinary System
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How does our excretory system help maintain homeostasis?
• Temperature balance
• Water balance
• Waste balance
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Diabetes InsipidusWhat is it?Excretion of large amounts of watery urineUnquenchable thirst
What Causes It?Kidney is not reabsorbing waterBack into the bloodstream
How do you treat it?Medicine
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Kidney Stones
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Kidney Stones
What is it?Urine is extremely concentrated forming crystallized stones which can block the urinary tract
What Causes It?Not drinking enough water to dilute the minerals/salts being filtered out
How do you treat it?Some pass through the urinary tract, surgery, shock wave therapy
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Shock Wave Therapy
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Who gets kidney stones?• For unknown reasons, the number of people in
the United States with kidney stones has been increasing over the past 20 years.
• White Americans are more prone to develop kidney stones than African Americans.
• Stones occur more frequently in men. • Kidney stones strike most typically between the
ages of 20 and 40. • Once a person gets more than one stone, others
are likely to develop.
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Kidney Failure
What is it?Low rate of filtration; nephron’s are not working properly in both kidneys
What Causes It?Traumatic injury, Drugs/Toxins, Infection, high blood pressure, and diabetes
How do you treat it?Dialysis; Kidney Transplant
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Dialysis