air law aerodromes
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Air Law Aerodromes. Reference. From the Ground Up Chapter 4.1: Aerodromes Pages 89 - 98. Introduction. Aerodromes and their aircraft manoeuvring areas are important to know when operating an aircraft on and around them. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Sep 2012Lesson 3.1
Air Law
Aerodromes
Reference
From the Ground UpChapter 4.1:AerodromesPages 89 - 98
Introduction• Aerodromes and their aircraft
manoeuvring areas are important to know when operating an aircraft on and around them.
• It is important to know and understand the use of all markings and lighting when flying and taxiing.
Outline• Definitions• Runway Numbering• Aerodrome Markings• Wind Indicators• Aerodrome Lighting• Radio Terms• Light Signals
Definitions• Aerodrome - Any area of land or water designed for the arrival,
departure, movement and servicing of aircraft
• Airport - Any aerodrome in which a certificate is in force
• Movement Area - Areas used for surface movement of aircraft, including maneuvering areas and aprons
• Maneuvering Area - Areas used for taking off, landing and aircraft taxiing, including runways and taxiways
• Apron (AKA Ramp) - Area for loading/unloading, refueling, servicing and parking aircraft
Runway Numbering• Runway number:
1. Magnetic bearing2. Round to nearest 10°3. Omit last digit4. Add L, C or R if more than one parallel runway (left, centre
or right)
• Example:– Runway pointing 18° = Rwy 02– Parallel runways pointing 151° = Rwy 15L and Rwy 15R
• Other end of runway is reciprocal number (+ or - 18)
Runway Numbering0°
360°
180°
90°270°
05
2345° magnetic bearing
225° magnetic bearing
Runway Numbering0°
360°
180°
90°270°
36L
18R
36R
18L
Runway Markings
Runway Markings
09
Runway CentrelineWhite lines in middle of runway
ThresholdWhite line across end of runway
Displaced ThresholdArrows on pavement before thresholdArea not to be used for landing
Taxiway Markings
09
Taxiway CenterlineYellow line in middle of taxiwayAircraft centre themselves on line
Hold LinesYellow lines across taxiwayAircraft must “hold short” at line unlesscleared to cross
Unserviceable Areas
09
Aircraft not to use unserviceable areas
Large white or yellow “X”s on both endsof and along runway or taxiway
Red flags or flashing red lights may mark unserviceableareas that can be passed with caution
Wind Indicators• Wind Sock
– Points away from wind– Straight = 15 kts or more– 30° down = 6 kts– Fluctuating = Gusty
• Tetrahedron (or Wind T)– Points into wind– Does not show wind
speed
Aerodrome Lighting
Runway Threshold - Green
Runway End - Red
Runway Edges - White
Taxiway Edges - Blue
Obstructions/building/towersSteady or flashing red lights or white strobe lights
Approach Lights
VASIS
Below approach slope
Correct approach slope
Above approach slope
VASIS = Visual Approach Slope Indicator System
All Red All White
PAPI
PAPIPAPI = Precision Approach Path Indicator
Correct approach
LowSlightly low
Slightly high
High
All Red All White
Circuit
09 27
Crosswind Leg
Downwind Leg
Base Leg
Final Leg
Crosswind Leg
Upwind Side
Enter here
Enter here
Left turns = Left-hand circuit(default aerodrome circuit)
Radio Terms
Radio Terms• NORDO (No Radio)
– Aircraft not capable of communicating over radio– Either no radio or radio malfunction
• RONLY (receive only)– Aircraft can only receive radio, but not transmit– Aircraft may confirm messages through visual
signals (such as rocking wings)
Light Signals
Ground Light Signals• Flashing Green Light Cleared to taxi
• Steady Green Light Cleared for take-off
• Flashing Red Light Taxi clear of runway in use
• Steady Red Light Stop
• Flashing White Light Return to starting point on airport
• Blinking Runway Lights Vacate runway immediately
Air Light Signals• Steady Green Light Clear to land
• Steady Red Light Do not land, continue in circuit(or Red Flare)
• Flashing Green Light Return for landing
• Alternating Red and Danger, be on alertGreen Light (US)
• Flashing Red Light Airport unsafe, do not land
• Red Pyrotechnical Light Do not land for the time being
Next Lesson
3.2 – Air LawAirspace
From the Ground UpChapter 4.2:The Canadian Airspace SystemPages 98 - 105