Air Products

Biogas and Hydrogen

London Boroughs SeminarRoland Birley MEng AIMechE

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Contents

Waste issues in London

What is Biogas?

How can waste give us fuel?

The process and how AP makes it happen

Why Waste?

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Why Waste?

Legislation– Landfill

• EU directive• 2025 35% target!• LATS

– Carbon– Renewables

Fuel / Power economies– Gas– Automotive fuel duty– Electricity

£€$

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What is biogas?

Agriculture / Livestock

Kitchen waste

Wastewater

Compost

Landfill gas

60% Methane (“Natural gas”)

CO2

Other stuff

Anaerobic digestion

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Why Air Products

?DirtyGas

ValuableFuel

Gas separation experience

R&D, IP

Prism®, Gemini®

Other technologies World’s Broadest Portfolio of Adsorption

Products

7

Adsorption

?DirtyGas

ValuableFuel

1000Nm1000Nm33/hr H2/hr H275Nm75Nm33/hr H2/hr H2 Prism ®Prism ®

8

Early Prism® Plants

Developed in the 1980s

US energy crisis heavy subsidies

Crisis ended AP sold business

AP Kept technology rights

Clean, high BTU gas

High reliability

Low maintenance

Palos VerdesPalos Verdes

GeminiGemini

9

KnowH2owDemonstrated

CaFCP, Washington

Las Vegas

Berlin H2 fuelling

Toulouse, France

Singapore, India

BerlinBerlin

Las VegasLas VegasSingapore

Waste andEnergySolutions

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Option 1: Waste to vehicle fuel

CO2 neutral

No fuel tax

CC exempt

Approx 60% MSW is organic

London leads clean transport

London’s greenwaste

Digester(or other)

Compost

Biogas

TransportH2 / NG

Air Products

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Option 1: Waste to vehicle fuel

London’s greenwaste

Digester (or gasifier)

Compost

Biogas

TransportAir

Products

London’ssewage

Local landfills

2M tonnes is 200k Nm³ annual methane prod’n

or 000’s vehicles filled per day

All carbon-neutral

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Municipal waste (organic) = 28MM tonnes/year

Heating value = 10,000 GWh

Sorted local organic waste

Local energy

Fuel cell development

Option 2: Waste to Energy

UK

FC

Residual MSW could provide 20% of

total UK energy consumption in 2020.- Institute of Civil Engineers, Renewable Power Assoc. 2005

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Waste to Natural Gas VehicleSorted kitchen waste = 40k tonnes/year = 4M Nm3/yr

biogas

+ Wastewater biogas ~ 9M Nm3/yr

+ Air Products gas cleanup plant (1500 Nm3/hr)

+ NGV Fuelling station

+ Small fleet converted to gas

Assume: Free organic waste & collection;

3 year payback ~ 0.5 €/l Diesel equivalent possible

Example: London Borough X

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Waste to Energy Options

GreenWaste

ADAP

Prism®

NGfueller

NGV

NGGrid

PowerStation

SO/MCFC

Reformr

& PSAH2FC

AP H2 fueller

H2V

AD – Anaerobic Digestion

Prism® - Cleanup equipment

SO – Solid Oxide

MC – Molten Carbonate

FC – Fuel Cell

PSA – H2 purifier

NGV – Natural Gas Vehicle

H2V – Hydrogen vehicle

Air Products technology

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Air Products Capabilities

GreenWaste

AD NGV

NGGrid

PowerStation

SO/MCFC

H2FC

H2V

Safety KnowH2ow

Experience

Integration

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Summary

Waste problem energy solution

London has – Biogas sources– Applications

• Run cars• Power homes• Produce carbon-neutral Hydrogen!

Biogas + AP = Clean fuel

Good waste management + AP Good waste management + AP

= 2 sustainability issues solved= 2 sustainability issues solved

Join us.Join us.

Thank you

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