air review weather, climate, and pollution. climate is the general pattern of weather over a period...
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Air ReviewWeather, climate, and pollution
Climate is the general pattern of weather over a period of at least
a. 30 years b. 30 days c. 30 minutes d. 30 centuries
Climate is the general pattern of weather over a period of at least
a. 30 years
Environmentalists are likely to a. ventilate their homes
periodically b. use houseplants that filter the
air c. maintain the vents for stoves,
fireplaces, and heaters d. all of these answers
Environmentalists are likely to a. ventilate their homes
periodically b. use houseplants that filter the
air c. maintain the vents for stoves,
fireplaces, and heaters d. all of these answers
Indoor air pollution could be sharply reduced by a. modifying building codes to
prevent radon infiltration b. requiring exhaust hoods or vent pipes
for stoves, refrigerators, or other appliances burning natural gas or other fossil fuels
c. finding substitutes for potentially harmful chemicals
d. all of these answers
Indoor air pollution could be sharply reduced by a. modifying building codes to
prevent radon infiltration b. requiring exhaust hoods or vent pipes
for stoves, refrigerators, or other appliances burning natural gas or other fossil fuels
c. finding substitutes for potentially harmful chemicals
d. all of these answers
Humans are protected from air pollution by a. sneezing and coughing b. mucus capturing small particles c. nasal hairs filtering out large
particles d. all of these answers
Humans are protected from air pollution by a. sneezing and coughing b. mucus capturing small particles c. nasal hairs filtering out large
particles d. all of these answers
In 1990, EPA rated indoor air pollution as the ____ out of 18 sources of cancer risk.
a. first b. second c. third d. fourth
In 1990, EPA rated indoor air pollution as the ____ out of 18 sources of cancer risk.
a. first
Acid deposition can a. release soluble aluminum ions b. deplete acid-buffering
chemicals in the soil c. altering calcium and
magnesium uptake from the soil d. all of these answers
Acid deposition can a. release soluble aluminum ions b. deplete acid-buffering
chemicals in the soil c. altering calcium and
magnesium uptake from the soil d. all of these answers
Acid deposition can affect living organisms by a. killing fish, aquatic plants, and
microorganisms in lakes and streams b. damaging tree roots c. making trees more susceptible
to diseases d. all of these answers
Acid deposition can affect living organisms by a. killing fish, aquatic plants, and
microorganisms in lakes and streams b. damaging tree roots c. making trees more susceptible
to diseases d. all of these answers
In general, acid deposition can have harmful effects when pH falls below the level of ___.
a. 8.1 b. 5.1 c. 6.1 d. 7.1
In general, acid deposition can have harmful effects when pH falls below the level of ___.
b. 5.1
Which of the following areas would be least likely to have a thermal inversion?
a. an area near the coast b. an area in the central plains c. a valley surrounded by
mountains d. the leeward side of a mountain
range
Which of the following areas would be least likely to have a thermal inversion?
b. an area in the central plains
Which of the following statements is true? a. thermal inversion occurs when a
layer of cold air prevents warm air from rising
b. thermal inversions exacerbate pollution problems
c. thermal inversions last only a few minutes to a few hours
d. normally, cool air near Earth’s surface expands and rises, carrying pollutants higher into the troposphere
Which of the following statements is true? b. thermal inversions
exacerbate pollution problems
The frequency and severity of smog in an area depends least upon the
a. local climate and topography b. fuels used in industry, heating,
and transportation c. size of the ozone hole over the
Arctic d. density of the population
The frequency and severity of smog in an area depends least upon the
c. size of the ozone hole over the Arctic
Scientists classify indoor and outdoor air pollution as a. high-risk human health
problems b. moderate-risk human health
problems c. low-risk human health problems d. high-risk ecological problems
Scientists classify indoor and outdoor air pollution as a. high-risk human health
problems
. In 1987, 36 nations meeting in Montreal, Canada developed the Montreal Protocol to reduce production of
a. carbon dioxide b. nitrous oxide c. CFCs d. toxic wastes
. In 1987, 36 nations meeting in Montreal, Canada developed the Montreal Protocol to reduce production of
c. CFCs
Human health problems closely associated with ozone depletion include all of the following except
a. skin cancer b. eye cataracts c. increased incidence of heart
disease d. suppression of the immune
response
Human health problems closely associated with ozone depletion include all of the following except
c. increased incidence of heart disease
Which of the following charges against the theory of ozone depletion is true?
a. CFC molecules cannot reach the stratosphere because they are heavier than air
b. The best models of ozone production and destruction estimate that global ozone levels should be 10% less than what we actually observe
c. Sodium chloride from the evaporation of sea spray contributes more chlorine to the stratosphere than do CFCs.
d. There is no scientific proof that ozone depletion is occurring.
Which of the following charges against the theory of ozone depletion is true?
b. The best models of ozone production and destruction estimate that global ozone levels should be 10% less than what we actually observe
Which if the following is false? a. over 44 years passed from the first
production of CFCs until the firs awareness that they could cause environmental damage
b. CFCs are stable, odorless, nonflammable, nontoxic, and noncorrosive chemicals
c. CFCs are found in bubbles in Styrofoam and insulation
d. CFCs are important because they help screen out ultraviolet radiation from reaching Earth’s surface
Which if the following is false? d. CFCs are important because they
help screen out ultraviolet radiation from reaching Earth’s surface
Prevention approaches to global warming include all of the following except
a. increase beef production to strengthen public health
b. halt deforestation c. switch to sustainable
agriculture d. slow population growth
Prevention approaches to global warming include all of the following except
a. increase beef production to strengthen public health
The fossil fuel that released the least carbon dioxide per unit of energy is
a. oil b. natural gas c. coal d. petroleum
Scientists who claim the global climate system is so complex we will never have the level of certainty wanted by decision makers urge
a. take no action now because global warming is all hype
b. take action now based on the precautionary principle
c. take no action until we get more data
d. take action to reverse the climate changes we have caused thus far
Scientists who claim the global climate system is so complex we will never have the level of certainty wanted by decision makers urge
b. take action now based on the precautionary principle
In a warmer world we would expect more a. droughts b. hurricanes c. prolonged heat waves d. all of these answers
In a warmer world we would expect more a. droughts b. hurricanes c. prolonged heat waves d. all of these answers
We are uncertain about how a. carbon dioxide will affect the
rate of photosynthesis b. continued changes in polar ice
will occur c. temperature fluctuations over
the last 100 years d. all of these answers
We are uncertain about how a. carbon dioxide will affect the
rate of photosynthesis b. continued changes in polar ice
will occur c. temperature fluctuations over
the last 100 years d. all of these answers
We have the most certainty about a. variations in solar output b. the role the oceans will play in
global warming c. temperature fluctuations over
the last 100 years d. the role of polar ice in global
warming
We have the most certainty about c. temperature fluctuations over
the last 100 years
Current global climate models suggest that climate change a. will never happen b. will be toward the warmer side
over the next century c. will be toward the colder side
over the next century d. will reach stabilization after two
hundred years
Current global climate models suggest that climate change b. will be toward the warmer side
over the next century
Correspondence between climate models and the real world depends upon
a. the design and assumptions of the model
b. the accuracy of the data c. factors that amplify or dampen
changes in average global temperatures d. all of these answers
Correspondence between climate models and the real world depends upon
a. the design and assumptions of the model
b. the accuracy of the data c. factors that amplify or dampen
changes in average global temperatures d. all of these answers
In 1995, the International Governmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that
a. global climate change is a hoax b. the earth is likely to experience
an Ice Age in the next century c. the slight rise in temperature
observed over the last century was caused by changes in solar cycles
d. the slight rise in temperature observed over the last century was probably influenced by human causes
In 1995, the International Governmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that
d. the slight rise in temperature observed over the last century was probably influenced by human causes
Atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide a. was about 100 parts per million prior
to the Industrial Revolution, according to ice core analysis
b. has declined exponentially since the Industrial Revolution
c. has increased exponentially since the Industrial Revolution
d. is projected to decrease by half by 2050
Atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide c. has increased exponentially
since the Industrial Revolution
Increased greenhouse gases originate from a. burning fossil fuels b. deforestation c. use of CFCs d. all of these answers
Increased greenhouse gases originate from a. burning fossil fuels b. deforestation c. use of CFCs d. all of these answers
The most important greenhouse gas contribution by humans is a. chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) b. water vapor c. nitrous oxide d. carbon dioxide
The most important greenhouse gas contribution by humans is d. carbon dioxide
The primary greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is a. chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) b. water vapor c. nitrous oxide d. methane
The primary greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is
b. water vapor
All of the following are greenhouse gases except a. carbon dioxide b. water vapor c. methane d. nitrogen
All of the following are greenhouse gases except d. nitrogen
The term greenhouse effect a. describes occupational diseases of
florists b. describes the trapping of heat energy in
the troposphere by certain gaseous molecules
c. describes the trapping of heat energy in the stratosphere by nitrogen
d. describes efforts being made by the White House to support environmental legislation
The term greenhouse effect b. describes the trapping of heat energy
in the troposphere by certain gaseous molecules
Climate is influenced by a. the amount of incoming solar
radiation b. Earth’s rotation c. tilt of the Earth’s axis and
Earth’s revolutions d. all of these answers
Climate is influenced by a. the amount of incoming solar
radiation b. Earth’s rotation c. tilt of the Earth’s axis and
Earth’s revolutions d. all of these answers
The two most important factors in climate are a. temperature and insulation b. precipitation and pressure c. humidity, clouds, and wind d. temperature and precipitation
The two most important factors in climate are d. temperature and precipitation
Features of weather include all of the following except: a. temperature b. barometric pressure c. wind direction d. ozone concentration
Stratospheric ozone helps to prevent a. sunburn b. skin cancer c. eye cancer and cataracts d. all of these answers
Stratospheric ozone helps to prevent a. sunburn b. skin cancer c. eye cancer and cataracts d. all of these answers