STUDIO AIR AYing Dan692 092

2 3

CONTENT Biography

A2

A3

A4

Designing Futuring

Design Computation

Composition/Generation

Algorithm Sketches

1. Metropol Parasol 6

2. The Seattle central library

I am currently a third year architecture student. I am from China and lived in Melbourne

for the last four years. I noticed how the city has changed over last a few years and start

to understand how urban planning and building design can play a big role in city devel-

opment, so I decided to study architecture and really get to know the principles behind

design.

Over the past couple of years, I have managed to learn and use a range of architectural

design tools. Hand-skectching and computer modelling programs have been used as

valuable materials as a part of my design. ‘Rhino’ in particular, I was impressed with

how 3D modelling can be done on computer easily, it saves time than traditional hand

drawing and its malleable. ‘AutoCAD’ plays a big role in my design approaches as well, in

terms of making plans and accurate sections. Now, Studio Air has introduced me a new

perspective of parametric design by using ‘Grasshopper’. Digital architecture is taking

over hand-sketching in the design industry, I believe these skills would be an essential

tool for me throughout my university studies.

Therefore, I look forward to master the skills so that I am able to achieve and create

more in my design and broaden my knowledge of digital architecture.1. 41 Cooper Square

2. Yokohama International Passenger Terminal

1. La Sagrada Familia

2. The Eden Project

3. Learning outcomes & Conculsion

A1

"Teach A Woman To Fish: Tara Donovan At The Parrish Art Museum", Hamptons Art Hub, 2015 <http://hamptonsarthub.

com/2015/08/18/teach-a-woman-to-fish-tara-donovan-at-parrish-art-museum/> [accessed 20 March 2016].

4 5

A.1 DESIGN FUTURING

Over the last few years, the world is moving at incredibly rapid rate alone with problems and con-

cerns in relation to design practice. According to Fry, we are now moving towards a state of defutur-

ing due to the condition of unsustainability, which could take futures away from mankind and other

living species¹.

Future arrives by design, in other words, we can only survive and get to the future by design. Design is

ambitious, therefore, design is not just specifically refer to arts, environments or urban planning, but

the act of prefiguration. Dunno suggests that we should use design as catalyst to get more thinking

and discussing happening about what kind of future we want. Design in all objects of daily use that

should be economical, durable, convenient, congenial to every one, which also requires a new type

of practice that recognizes design’s importance in overcoming different problems. Simultaneously,

the new practice in the arts, music, literature, and architecture, that shall inspire the new era².

The two following precedents aim to reveal how architecture can influence on ways of thinking and

patterns of living, as well as observe the approaches they used to expand future possibilities through

architecture.

1. Tony Fry, Design Futuring (Oxford: Berg, 2009).2.Tony Fry, A New Design Philosophy: An Introduction To Defuturing (UNSW Press, 1999), p. 116.

Amy Frearson, "Metropol Parasol By J Mayer H | Dezeen", Dezeen, 2011 <http://www.dezeen.com/2011/04/26/metropol-parasol-by-

j-mayer-h/> [accessed 20 March 2016].

"Metropol Parasol", Wikipedia, 2016 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropol_Parasol> [accessed 20 March 2016].

7 6

Nowadays, the building has became the most desire

destination for tourist and a prefect leisure area for the

locals, which help actives the local economy and mar-

ket. The building defines a unique relationship between

the historical and the contemporary city³, and it can be

considered as a “good design” where culture and design

alternatives integrated.

“Metropol Parasol” as the redevelopment of the Palaza

de la Encarnaclon in central Seville, is the world’s big-

gest wood structure which held together by extra-strong

glue. The building is a unique urban space located at the

centre of dense historical ruins, where allows a range of

social activities and human interaction. The idea was

to create “shade” in the city that exposure to excessive

heat. The consideration of materials allows the building

maintain light-weighted and ensure nice natural light

and ventilation. Some of the local residents were wor-

ried that the building is out of place and not suitable

for their city, but some of them believed that their city

should movie with the times.

A.1 CASE STUDY Metropol Parasol, Seville, Spain. Architects: Jürgen Mayer H, Andre Santer, Marta Ramírez IglesiasCompeletion: April 2011

3. “J. MAYER H. BUILDINGS METROPOL PARASO”, Jmayerh.de, 2016 <http://www.jmayerh.de/19-0-Metropol-Parasol.html> [accessed 19 March 2016].

What I like about this project is how the architects learnt

from other contemporary libraries that used high mod-

ernist flexibility and put it into their own design process.

Since people can not predict what can happen in the

future, they decided to put those uncertainties in boxes

designed specifically for it, as well as put the our essen-

tial needs on the top of the boxes, which became the

design alternative of the this public library. The building

creates not only the “free space” for people, but also, be-

came a secure shelter for homeless people. As Fry said,

people design the world and the world design us. This

building follows a new type of practice and designs the

place where the future can arrive ⁶.

Libraries since the inception of Carnegie tradition in

America, had second responsibility which was for social

roles. With that being said, the architects group chal-

lenges the high modernist notion of flexibility, which

follows the core idea of within any single space, any kind

of activity can happen⁴. The first thing that architects

considered in their design process was the uncertainty

of the future, they do not know the future of the library,

or the future of the book.Therefore, they focus on creat-

ing singular spaces that are generic and almost anything

can happen within the space, which means the library

was staring to engulf different kinds of activities with

social responsibilities by expansion of the book. The

Seattle library became an institution which no longer

exclusively dedicated to the books⁵.

A.1 CASE STUDY The Seattle central library, Seattle, WA, USA Architects: OMA+LMN Project Year: 2004

4. Peter J Taylor, Modernities (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999),p 18, 32.5. “Seattle Central Library / OMA + LMN”, ArchDaily, 2009 <http://www.archdaily.com/11651/seattle-central-library-oma-lmn> [accessed 19 March 2016].6. Tony Fry, Design Futuring (Oxford: Berg, 2009).

"BKK: Seattle Central Library - OMA", Pinterest, 2016 <https://www.pinterest.com/pin/565483296932262908/> [accessed 20 March 2016].

"Seattle Central Library | LMN Architects", LMN Architects, 2016 <https://lmnarchitects.com/project/seattle-central-library> [ac-

cessed 20 March 2016].

8 9

Seattle Library, "Seattle Central Library", OpenBuildings, 2016 <http://openbuildings.com/buildings/seattle-central-library-pro-

file-1297> [accessed 20 March 2016].

7. Generatorx, “Computational Design”, Generatorx.no, 2012 <http://www.generatorx.no/generatorx-introduction/> [accessed 19 March 2016].8. Yudong Liu, Developing Digital Architecture (Basel: Birkhauser, 2003).

10 11

A.2 DESIGN COMPUTATION

Regrading the new type of design practice we need to

find in oder to overcome the problems, the current de-

velopment of computational design in architecture has a

profound effect on design thinking and approaches in a

long term. Digital technologies allows designer to express

and produce complex forms and explore different shapes

and materials, which ensure the design and production

of non-standard buildings, based on irregular geometry.

Computational methods have enhanced creativity and

provide design solutions that could not be achieved by

conventional means. Digital design marked the start of a

new architectural vocabulary.

“Computational design involves the employment of com-

putational methods to design problems, whether related

to presentation, analysis or aesthetic expressions ⁷.” Tech-

nology removes possible barriers that could hinder the

execution of ideas, opens up new perspective also speeds

up the design process for creative people ⁸.”

"Tara Donovan : The Silver Coat", Thesilvercoat.com, 2016 <http://www.thesilvercoat.com/tara-donovan/> [accessed 20 March 2016].

12 13

However, performalism means freeing exterior from the

interior, Copper square uses “double skin ¹⁰” to reduce

heat radiation during the summer and preserve heat

during the winter, in order to increase building’s perfor-

mance.

41 Cooper Square is an academic laboratory that

encourages innovative education in Art, Architec-

ture and Engineering. Cooper Square is the prod-

uct of digital age, unfold the way of computational

design and environmental sustainability have influ-

enced on our design approaches.

We are entering an era of performalism, which de-

fines changes in form conception in contemporary

architecture ⁹. Form is once again under consider-

ation. We all know Louis Sullivan’s famous state-

ment, “form follows function”, where building’s

function determine the structural dimensions.

A.2 CASE STUDY 41 Cooper Square, New York, USA Architects: Morphosis architectsConstruction:2006 - 2009

9. Yasha J Grobman and Eran Neuman, Performalism (London: Routledge, 2012), pp. 98-105.10. ”41 Cooper Square | Morphopedia | Morphosis Architects”, Morpho-pedia.com, 2016 <http://morphopedia.com/projects/41-cooper-square> [accessed 15 March 2016].

"41 Cooper Square", Wikipedia, 2016 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_Cooper_Square> [accessed 20 March 2016]. "Patricia Poon's View Of 41 Cooper Square | The Cooper Union", Cooper.edu, 2016 <http://cooper.edu/gallery/patricia-poons-

view-41-cooper-square> [accessed 20 March 2016].

14 15

design alternatives of higher complexity and quality.

“Yet in order to resolve the complex interplay between

these concerns, the profile of the building needed to be

explored on the computer through an ever more finely

calibrated series of sections. This project was not only

born of the digital-it was realized through the digital”.¹²

The Yokohama Ferry Terminal is an remarkable exam-

ple of computational design. The design transforms the

ground into an functional surface through simple topol-

ogy, in order to articulate both passenger ferry terminal,

and a mix of civic facilities for citizens ¹¹. The project was

driven by digital technologies.The design group prefer

design with CAD rather than physical models, which en-

sured designers to test different forms and shape surfac-

es through various types of information, thus producing

A.2 CASE STUDY Yokohama International Passenger Terminal, Tokyo, JapanArchitects: FOA(Foreign Office Architects)Completed: 2002

11. “Yokohama International Port Terminal - Foreign Office Architects”, Arcspace.com, 2007 <http://www.arcspace.com/features/foreign-office-ar-chitects/yokohama-international-port-terminal/> [accessed 19 March 2016].12. Neil Leach, Designing For A Digital World (Chichester: Wiley-Academic, 2002), pp. 6-14.

"Yokohama International Port Terminal - Foreign Office Architects", Flickr - Photo Sharing!, 2016 <https://www.flickr.

com/photos/scottnorsworthy/8271979357> [accessed 20 March 2016].

"YOKOHAMA, INTERNATIONAL FERRY TERMINAL", Flickr - Photo Sharing!, 2016 <https://www.flickr.com/photos/48222546@

N00/3565676145> [accessed 20 March 2016].

16 17

A.3 COMPOSITION/GENERATION

In the lecture we looked at the development of parametric design over

time, the shift from composition to generation in design methods can

be identified. If composition is traditional way of design, then what is

generation in design approaches?

“Generative design” as a concept was introduced to design process

through computational design, which is so abstract and at the cutting

edge of architecture that Wikipedia barely has words to explain from a

professional point of view. Generative design is based on parametric

modelling, generated by algorithms in computer programs. However,

generation in design methods is not necessarily computational. The

most important thing that distinguish generative design from normal

practice is the “feedback” loop ¹³, which means there must be inputs

and outputs of the model. Architects are able to predict the outcome

based on the data and their own unique algorithmic thinking, so that

design process can be relatively shorter and more efficient.

Parametric design plays a big role in generation. It minimizing the ef-

fort design process needed and observe result immediately. However,

the range of computational design approaches can be misleading and

sometimes confusing, the design might also turn into date driven de-

sign, which could be the opposite of what people actually want.

13. “What Is Generative Design? - Diagramming Machines”, Diagramming Machines, 2012 <http://www.reneepuusepp.com/what-is-generative-design/> [accessed 9 March 2016].

"Made", Mymodernmet.com, 2016 <http://www.mymodernmet.com/profiles/blogs/list/tag/made> [accessed 20 March 2016].

18 19

Sagrada Familia as the “most extraordinary personal interpretation of Gothic architec-

ture since the middle age”¹⁴, carries the distinctive spirit of an era. The building is in-

complete and with missing documentations, which can be a big challenge for everyone

that working together on this building. Nowadays, Sagrada Familia has adopted digital

design approach and new construction technologies, which used for architects and

craftsmen to analysis the fascinating geometries of the building, as well as enhance the

architecture form and carry on the original design of the building.

3D printing was introduced to the project as well, which uses in modelling process and

form complex hyperboloids and ornaments. With all kinds of new technologies, the

building is able to finish in 2026.

A.3 CASE STUDY La Sagrada Familia Architect: Antoni GaudiConstructsion began in 1882

14. Paul Goldberger, “Barcelona”, National Geographic, 1991.

"La Sagrada Familia - Google Search", Google.com.au, 2016 <https://www.google.com.au/search?q=la+sagrada+famil-

ia&espv=2&biw=927&bih=886&site=webhp&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwi35sqEn87LAh-

20 21

The Eden project creates two large biomes, which

are Tropical biome and Mediterranean biome. In

oder to meet the needs for these two entirely differ-

ent biomes, architects will need to find new design

alternatives and technology. Each dome contains

hundreds of hexagons and pentagons, which sup-

ported by steel frame with two layers overlap. The

special design of geometry bring efficiency to the

building. The material also maximises the surface

area and minimises the complected perimeter de-

tailing. The building is moving towards environmen-

tal sustainability and building efficiency. In this case,

computerization creates a inspirational platform for

exploring geometries, also a shortcut of defining the

architecture form

A.3 CASE STUDY The Eden Project, Cornwall, UKArchitects: Grimshawcomplete: 05/2000

"The Eden Project: The Biomes < Projects | Grimshaw Architects", Grimshaw-architects.com, 2016 <http://grimshaw-architects.

com/project/the-eden-project-the-biomes/#> [accessed 20 March 2016]."The Eden Project: The Biomes < Projects | Grimshaw Architects", Grimshaw-architects.com, 2016 <http://grimshaw-architects.

com/project/the-eden-project-the-biomes/#> [accessed 20 March 2016].

22 23

Architecture no longer just about creating shelter, instead ar-

chitecture design is influencing on mankind’s future. We need

to have new design practice to develop our future which is sus-

tainable, and desirable.

Organisation is integral to architecture. Understanding the

complexity of organisation structures across disciplines, will

help us to design. Computational approaches is closely linked

to organisational complexity and the potential to give control

to the designer and ensure collaboration between multiple

disciplines ¹⁵, which could encourage new design alternatives

and opportunities.

Even thought, people argued that computer is lack of creativ-

ity, and it is not capable of creating new architecture alterna-

tives. Designers use computational approaches to achieve the

outcomes immediately, test different forms without limits. Our

design is not the product of digital innovation,rather, we de-

sign through digital to get the result that is satisfying and mov-

ing towards a better, sustainable future.

Through the Part A precedent study, we truely developed

our critical thinking and analysing skills. The discussion on

computerization brings me to reconsider computational de-

sign approach. Personally, I prefer computational approach

in my design, because it is efficient, changeable, and often

comes with unexpected outcomes. However, in the peri-

od of digital design, there is still no single tool, or software

can achieve complexity that architecture form creates. The

growing needs of the industry requires designer to gain skills

and some degree of understanding of parametric design in

order to design widely. The tools changes the way we work

also influence our design thinking. Each tool has their own

ways and roles of woking, alone with limitations. For exam-

ple, when you can not achieve certain form using a particu-

lar tool, at the end, you often forced to change your original

thought and your design move to a direction that was not

intended.

CONCLUSION LEARNING OUTCOME

15. Tim Schork, “Modes Of Compostion”, 2016 <http://mesne.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Schork-Modes-of-Composition_A-Computational-Approach.pdf> [accessed 7 March 2016].

24 25

A.4 ALGORITHM SKETCHES

"Massive Undulating Styrofoam Cup Cloud", My Modern Met, 2012 <http://www.mymodernmet.com/profiles/blogs/tara-donovan-styrofoam-cup-sculp-

ture> [accessed 20 March 2016].

26 27

WATER FROPS

"Climate Change Forum – Lessons For Renewal", University of Newcastle Blog, 2013 <http://

blogs.newcastle.edu.au/blog/2013/05/30/climate-change-forum-lessons-for-renewal/> [ac-

cessed 20 March 2016].

29 28

DUBAI TOWER

Shah Wali, "Famous Buildings Of The World: Dubai Tower, UAE", Famousbuildingsoftheworld.

blogspot.com.au, 2016 <http://famousbuildingsoftheworld.blogspot.com.au/2011/05/dubai-

tower-uae.html> [accessed 20 March 2016].

31 30

"City Skyscrapers HD Desktop Wallpaper : Fullscreen : Dual Monitor",

Wallpaperswide.com, 2016 <http://wallpaperswide.com/city_skyscrap-

ers-wallpapers.html> [accessed 20 March 2016].

URBAN DESIGN -- DOWNTOWN

32 33

"Hufton + Crow | Projects | Galaxy Soho", Huftonandcrow.com, 2016 <http://www.huftonandcrow.com/projects/gallery/

galaxy-soho/> [accessed 20 March 2016].

GALAXY SOHO -- BEIJING

WRONG APPROACH !!!

34 35

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Goldberger, Paul, "Barcelona", National Geographic, 1991

Grobman, Yasha J, and Eran Neuman, Performalism (London: Routledge, 2012), pp. 98-105

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brary-oma-lmn> [accessed 19 March 2016]

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Schork-Modes-of-Composition_A-Computational-Approach.pdf> [accessed 7 March 2016]

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com/what-is-generative-design/> [accessed 9 March 2016]

Taylor, Peter J, Modernities (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999)

"Yokohama International Port Terminal - Foreign Office Architects", Arcspace.com, 2007 <http://www.arcspace.com/features/foreign-office-ar-

chitects/yokohama-international-port-terminal/> [accessed 19 March 2016]

PICTURES :

"41 Cooper Square", Wikipedia, 2016 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_Cooper_Square> [accessed 20 March 2016]

"BKK: Seattle Central Library - OMA", Pinterest, 2016 <https://www.pinterest.com/pin/565483296932262908/> [accessed 20 March 2016]

"City Skyscrapers HD Desktop Wallpaper : Fullscreen : Dual Monitor", Wallpaperswide.com, 2016 <http://wallpaperswide.com/city_skyscrap-

ers-wallpapers.html> [accessed 20 March 2016]

"Climate Change Forum – Lessons For Renewal", University of Newcastle Blog, 2013 <http://blogs.newcastle.edu.au/blog/2013/05/30/cli-

mate-change-forum-lessons-for-renewal/> [accessed 20 March 2016]

"Hufton + Crow | Projects | Galaxy Soho", Huftonandcrow.com, 2016 <http://www.huftonandcrow.com/projects/gallery/galaxy-soho/> [ac-

cessed 20 March 2016]

"La Sagrada Familia - Google Search", Google.com.au, 2016 <https://www.google.com.au/search?q=la+sagrada+familia&espv=2&bi-

w=927&bih=886&site=webhp&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwi35sqEn87LAhWCkZQKHUN8A8oQsAQILA#tbm=is-

ch&q=la+sagrada+familia+interior&imgrc=xtrbzskgFCfBEM%3A> [accessed 20 March 2016]

"Made", Mymodernmet.com, 2016 <http://www.mymodernmet.com/profiles/blogs/list/tag/made> [accessed 20 March 2016]

"Massive Undulating Styrofoam Cup Cloud", My Modern Met, 2012 <http://www.mymodernmet.com/profiles/blogs/tara-donovan-styro-

foam-cup-sculpture> [accessed 20 March 2016]

"Metropol Parasol", Wikipedia, 2016 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropol_Parasol> [accessed 20 March 2016]

"Patricia Poon's View Of 41 Cooper Square | The Cooper Union", Cooper.edu, 2016 <http://cooper.edu/gallery/patricia-poons-view-41-cooper-

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"Teach A Woman To Fish: Tara Donovan At The Parrish Art Museum", Hamptons Art Hub, 2015 <http://hamptonsarthub.com/2015/08/18/teach-

a-woman-to-fish-tara-donovan-at-parrish-art-museum/> [accessed 20 March 2016]

"The Eden Project: The Biomes < Projects | Grimshaw Architects", Grimshaw-architects.com, 2016 <http://grimshaw-architects.com/project/

the-eden-project-the-biomes/#> [accessed 20 March 2016]

"Yokohama International Port Terminal - Foreign Office Architects", Flickr - Photo Sharing!, 2016 <https://www.flickr.com/photos/scottnorswor-

thy/8271979357> [accessed 20 March 2016]

"YOKOHAMA, INTERNATIONAL FERRY TERMINAL", Flickr - Photo Sharing!, 2016 <https://www.flickr.com/photos/48222546@N00/3565676145>

[accessed 20 March 2016]

Frearson, Amy, "Metropol Parasol By J Mayer H | Dezeen", Dezeen, 2011 <http://www.dezeen.com/2011/04/26/metropol-parasol-by-j-may-

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