albert norstrom intro to resilience
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Albert Norström's introduction to resilience, at the CPWF Resilience TWG inception workshop, Tempe 11 March 2011TRANSCRIPT
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The context
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Albert Norström Stockholm Resilience Centre Introduction to resilience thinking
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Albert Norström Stockholm Resilience Centre Introduction to resilience thinking
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Albert Norström Stockholm Resilience Centre Introduction to resilience thinking
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Albert Norström Stockholm Resilience Centre Introduction to resilience thinking
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Albert Norström Stockholm Resilience Centre Introduction to resilience thinking
We are in the anthropocene
Rapid change in major processes and resources
Human use of goods and services is increasing
Most ecosystem services are decreasing
We seem to be approaching thresholds
Governance systems that makes it possible for society to relate with environmental assets in
a fashion that secures their capacity to support societal development for a long time
in the future.
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Ability to maintain functioning despite stress, shocks or disturbance
Reflects ability of system to self-organize; build capacity for learning and adaptation
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Engineering vs ecosystem resilience
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Natural systems were treated as predictable systems with single equilibria
Ecosystems as linear systems
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Albert Norström Stockholm Resilience Centre Introduction to resilience thinking
Ecosystems as linear systems
Natural systems were treated as predictable systems with single equilibria
Disturbance
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Albert Norström Stockholm Resilience Centre Introduction to resilience thinking
Ecosystems as linear systems
Natural systems were treated as predictable systems with single equilibria
Recovery
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Albert Norström Stockholm Resilience Centre Introduction to resilience thinking
Natural systems were treated as predictable systems with single equilibria
Ecosystems as linear systems
Engineering resilience
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Albert Norström Stockholm Resilience Centre Introduction to resilience thinking
Ecosystems with multiple equilibria
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Alternative regimes
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Alternative regimes
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Alternative regimes
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Linear system
Predictable
Ecosystem
sys
Example:Management of fisheries based on MSY
When stocks are overfished, just stop fishing!
Or?
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Low High
Fishing pressure
Sta
te
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Low High
Fishing pressure
Sta
te
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Albert Norström Stockholm Resilience Centre Introduction to resilience thinking
Shocks
Slow changes in underlying variables
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Herbivores Habitat builders Predators
Pollinators Seed dispersers
Functional diversity confers resilience
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Herbivores Habitat builders Predators
Pollinators Seed dispersers
Functional diversity confers resilience
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Functional redundancy confers resilience
Herbivores
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Regime shifts
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Albert Norström Stockholm Resilience Centre Introduction to resilience thinking
Shocks
Slow changes in underlying variables
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1. Hurricane Allen (1980)
2. sea urchin disease (1983)
extensive coral mortality
mass mortality
of sea urchins
coral recruitme
nt
algal recruitmentalgal recruitment
grazingno grazing
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Tim
e
Space
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Social-ecological resilience
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RESILIENCE
Anthropology
Environmental psychology
Cultural theory
Common property research
Human geography
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Resilience thinking is a lens & a
cluster of concepts and methods
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Social-ecological systems
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Social-ecological traps
Scarcity of goods and services
Overharvesting, destructive gear use
Ecosystem
Positive feedbacks
Socio-economic system
Albert Norström Stockholm Resilience Centre Introduction to resilience thinking
Positive feedbacksCoral fisheries
SES
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Transformations
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Transformations
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Transformations
Albert Norström Stockholm Resilience Centre Introduction to resilience thinking
Ecological knowledgeExperimental management
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Transformations
Albert Norström Stockholm Resilience Centre Introduction to resilience thinking
Political turbulenceRecognition of undesirable regime
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Transformations
Albert Norström Stockholm Resilience Centre Introduction to resilience thinking
Shadow networks
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Resilience concepts
Characteristics
Focus on Context
Engineering Return time, efficiency
Recovery, constancy
Vicinity of a stable equilibrium
Ecosystem Buffer capacity, withstand shock, maintain function
Persistence, robustness
Multiple equilibria, stability landscapes
Social-ecological Interplay disturbance reorganization, sustaining and developing
Adaptive capacity, transformability, learning, innovation
Integrated system feedback, cross-scale dynamic interactions
Albert Norström Stockholm Resilience Centre Introduction to resilience thinking