alfredo lucero-montaño / horkheimer and adorno: 'dialectic of enlightenment

8/3/2019 Alfredo Lucero-Montao / Horkheimer and Adorno: 'Dialectic of Enlightenment'

1/8

DEZADCGMCZ KOB KBEZOE8BGKFCNRGN EI COFGLDRCOMCOR

jw Kfizcbe Fsncze-Meorke

;/ Cofgldrcomcor jsz~r~ gore dg~rezw zkg~gol rdc ifkl ei bg~condkormcor kob

bcmwrdefelgxkrgeo/ Kff nesfb kob ms~r jc ~sjmgrrcb go rdc neszr ei zck~eo& kff nesfb kob ms~r jc

kzzkolcb knnezbgol re zck~eo8 pefgrgn~ kob crdgn~& kc~rdcrgn~ kob ~ngconc/ Jsr ~emcrdgol ~ccm~ re

dkyc leoc |zeol |grd rdc gogrgkf pfko/ Rdc pzeei5 Rdc zc-condkormcor ei rdc |ezfb/ Rdc mwrd~kob rdc leb~& rdkr cofgldrcocb zck~eo fcr iez bckb kob jszgcb& kzc zg~gol izem rdcgz lzkyc~ kob

nemgol jkna/ Rdcw kzc nemgol jkna jcnks~c mko occb~ rdcm ~sjhcnrgycfw re ~cr rdc cob~ kob

ykfsc~ rdkr zck~eo nkooer ejhcnrgycfw bcigoc/ Cofgldrcocb zck~eo dk~ ~pcngkfgxcb go |gogoljkrrfc~& jsr gr bec~ oer aoe| kowrdgol kjesr rdc |kz/ Rdc bcycfepmcor ei Cofgldrcomcor dk~

ikgfcb |grd zck~eo,~ sogycz~kf yenkrgeo8 rdczc g~ oe nemmeo zck~eo k~ k pzknrgnkf dezgxeo iez rdc

bgycz~grw ei dsmko knrgygrgc~/ Rdc ctrzkezbgokzw bcycfepgol kob bgiiczcorgkrgeo ei rdc nsfrszkf

~pdczc~ $~ngconc kob rcndoefelw& cneoemgn~ kob pefgrgn~& crn/' dk~ ctdks~rcb kob neffkp~cb k~sj~rkorgyc zck~eo/

Rebkw |c ~pcka ei rdc zcrszo ei mwrd~ |grdesr kow ~ezze|/ Mkt \cjcz |kzocb s~ |grd

~ezze| kob ickz rdkr rdc kongcor& bg~condkorcb leb~ nesfb ~rkob sp izem rdcgz lzkyc~& jsr oe| |c

ncfcjzkrc rdcm/ Jsr gr g~ oer rdkr rdc oc| pdgfe~epdcz~ kzc ieef~/ Rdcw ~szcfw |esfb jc gi rdcw|czc re dkyc rdze|o eyczjekzb mkoagob,~ kndgcycmcor~ ei izccbem/ Jcnks~c rdcw beo,r |kor re

be gr& rdcw bg~rgolsg~d jcr|cco leeb kob jkb mwrd~/ Rdc jkb mwrd~ kzc rdc meoemwrd~8 Zck~eo&

Mko& Zckfgrw& ^engkf Nfk~~& Dsmkogrw& Zknc& Izcc Mkzacr/ Rdczc g~ oe Cofgldrcomcor go k

~golsfkz mebc/ Rdc cofgldrcomcor kndgcycmcorpkz ctncffconc& izccbem& g~ eofw lskzkorccb |grdrdc pfszkfgrw ei mwrd~/ Izccbem g~ pfszkfgrw/

Cyczwrdgol g~ pfszkf& mkow leb~& bgycz~c zck~eo~& osmczes~ epgogeo~& jsr nczrkgofw rdkr

pfszkfg~m g~ oer k lskzkorcc ei izccbem/ Cknd bkgmeo& cknd pkzrgnsfkz felgn& ~rzgyc~ re rkac eycz

rdc corgzc ~ncoc/ Go ,fgjczkf, ~engcrgc~& rdc cneoemw rcob~ re ~siienkrc pefgrgn~1 go ,ksrdezgrkzgko,~engcrgc~& pefgrgn~ gorcziczc~ |grd ~engkf knrgeo/ Kob eycz kff& ~ngconc dk~ kndgcycb gr~ ~pcngign

felgn k~ rdc mkgo kokfelw ei zkrgeokfgrw/ \dkr g~ fcir& rdco& iez pdgfe~epdw5

Rdc ~co~grgygrw rdkr bcpgnr~ rdc neo~nges~oc~~ ei rdc nzg~g~ ei zck~eo dk~ k okmc8 Bgkfcnrgnei Cofgldrcomcor$BC'/ Q;] \dkr erdcz rdgol bec~ ,bgkfcnrgn, ctpzc~~& jsr rdc neo~nges~oc~~ ei k

ikgfszcrdc go~siigngconw ei cofgldrcomcork~ |cff k~ rdc depc go rdc fgjczkrgol ieznc eicofgldrcomcor5

Rdc ,bgkfcnrgn ei Cofgldrcomcor, ctpzc~~c~ rdc neo~nges~oc~~ ei rdc nempfctgrw ei rdcpzenc~~c~ rdkr pzebsncb Mebczogrw& kob oe| rdc~c pzenc~~c~ kzc kr rdc pegor ei eycznemgol gr ez

mkwjc rdcw kfzckbw eycznkmc gr/ Rdg~ mcko~ rdkr rdc pzenc~~c~& kob rdc ~grskrgeo gore |dgnd

rdcm dkyc iezncb s~& kzc mkzacb jw k jk~gn kmjglsgrw8 rdc~c pzenc~~c~ nko zckfgxc rdcCofgldrcomcor& jsr gr kf~e nko bc~rzew gr/ Rdc fkrrcz dkppco~ |dco |c gloezc ez iezlcr rdc

bgkfcnrgnrdkr g~ Mkt Dezadcgmcz kob Rdcebez \/ Kbezoe,~ ncorzkf nfkgm/
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2/8

Kfizcbe Fsncze-Meorke8 Dezadcgmcz kob Kbezoe/Bgkfcnrgn ei Cofgldrcomcor

:

Rdc kgm ei rdg~ |eza g~ re zcygc| nzgrgnkffw kr Dezadcgmcz kob Kbezoe,~

neoncprskfgxkrgeo ei rdc pzenc~~ ei Cofgldrcomcor& re eiicz ko kokfw~g~ ei rdc neoncpr ei

cofgldrcocb zck~eo rdkr g~ go rdc nezc ei rdc g~~sc/ Rdc neoncpr ei zck~eo $zkrgeokfgrw' g~ nfe~cfw

fgoacb re ykfsc~ ei lzckr gorczc~r re mkoagob8 izccbem& hs~rgnc kob ~efgbkzgrw/ Iez Dezadcgmcz kob

Kbezoe& rdc~c ykfsc~ kzc bcigogrcfw kr ~rkac& kob rdkr g~ rdcgz mkgo gorczc~r re |zgrc rdc BC8 ,^kyc

rdc Cofgldrcomcor/, Q:]

\c dkyc kfzckbw ~rkzrcb re rkac pe~grgeo go rdc nfk~d ei gbck~ zclkzbgol rdc BC/ Gi rdg~

igz~r zckbgol ei BC |czc nfckz kob bg~rgonr& rdc BC |esfb oer gmpfw kow erdcz rdgol jsr rdc

zcoc|cb ~cfi-nzgrg{sc ei Cofgldrcomcor& jsr rdc pzc~cor ~grskrgeo g~ msnd mezc nempfgnkrcb/

^gonc rdc fkrc ~cycorgc~ rdg~ |eza dk~ neorzgjsrcb re rdc mkac sp ei eppe~grc rzcob~ go rdcneorcmpezkzw pdgfe~epdgnkf |ezfb8 eo eoc ~gbc& k oceneo~czykrgyc nesorczcofgldrcocb pe~grgeo&

kob eo rdc erdcz& k pe~rmebczooeo bgkfcnrgnkfrzcob/ Iez Dezadcgmcz kob Kbezoe& rdc

nzgrg{sc ei Cofgldrcomcor jw kow mcko~ gmpfgc~ gr~ oclkrgeo& jsr |grd k mezc isff kobnempzcdco~gyc zckfgxkrgeo ei gr/ Rdczc g~ oe erdcz |kw re ~kyc rdc Cofgldrcomcor kob rdc ykfsc~

gr k~~smc~& ctncpr jw jcgol k|kzc ei gr~ bgkfcnrgn& rdkr g~& re cofgldrco Cofgldrcomcor kjesr gr~cfi/

Jsr rdc bgfcmmk rdkr Dezadcgmcz kob Kbezoe ikncb g~ ,rdc ~cfi-bc~rzsnrgeo ei rdcCofgldrcomcor/, $BC& tggg' Rdc Cofgldrcomcor nkooer iezlcr gr~ e|o bgkfcnrgn& iez ,gi

cofgldrcomcor bec~ oer knnemmebkrc zcifcnrgeo eo rdg~ zcngbgyg~r cfcmcor& rdco gr ~ckf~ gr~ e|oikrc/, $Fen/ ngr/'

\c nesfb bcpgnr rdc ndkzknrcz ei rdc nzg~g~ ei zck~eo jw rkagol k lfkonc kr rdc bk|o ei

r|corw-igz~r ncorszw/ \c igob rkagol pfknc rdc nemjgokrgeo ei iesz neoygnrgeo~8 k' rdc nfkgm rdkrrdc kokfelw ei zck~eo g~ ~ngconc& j' rdc gbcorgignkrgeo ei rdc cofgldrcocb zck~eo |grd rdc sogycz~kf

zck~eo& n' rdc nfe~c zcfkrgeo jcr|cco aoe|fcblc kob crdgn~& kob b' rdc ciicnrgycoc~~ ei gbck~/ Q>]

Dczc rdc pczrgocor {sc~rgeo g~8 \dkr bec~ cofgldrcocb zkrgeokfgrw goyefyc5

:/ Go rdc Bgkfcnrgn ei Cofgldrcomcor

& Dezadcgmcz kob Kbezoe,~ ~rkzrgol pegor g~ kbzkmkrgn ctpczgconc8 mkoagob dk~ oer kbykoncb re|kzb izccbem& jsr gr meyc~ jkna|kzb kob gr,g~ ~goagol gore k oc| agob ei jkzjkzg~m/, $BC& tg' Rdcw ~cr rdcm~cfyc~ re sobcz~rkob rdc nks~c~

ei rdg~ bzkmk& ei rdg~ bkza ,zcycz~kf&, rdkr mcko~ ,rdc gobcikrglkjfc ~cfi-bc~rzsnrgycoc~~ ei

cofgldrcomcor/, $BC& tg' Rdcgz kokfw~g~ zc~sfr~ go k pkzkbet8 ,Mwrd g~ kfzckbw cofgldrcomcor1 kob

cofgldrcomcor zcyczr~ re mwrdefelw&, $BC& tyg' kob rdg~ nfkgm rszo~ esr re jc rdc BC,~ mkgordc~g~/ Go Hszlco Dkjczmk~,~ |ezb~& rdcw psr iez|kzb rdc nfkgm ei ,k ~cnzcr nempfgngrw re

ndkffcolc rdg~ eppe~grgeo, Q2] jcr|cco Cofgldrcomcor kob mwrd/

\c nko igob k acw re sobcz~rkob rdg~ igz~r rdc~g~ go Dezadcgmcz,~ nfkgm8 ,Zck~eo,~ bg~ck~c

fgc~ go gr~ e|o ezglgo& go rdc ciiezr ei mko re dkyc bemgogeo eycz okrszc/, Q3] Cofgldrcomcor zg~c~

sobcz rdc ~glo ei bemgokrgeo/ ^gonc rdc jclgoogol& gr ,dk~ kf|kw~ kgmcb kr fgjczkrgol mco izemickz kob c~rkjfg~dgol rdcgz ~eyczcglorw&, $BC& >' kob gr~ pzelzkm |k~ ,rdc bg~condkormcor ei rdc

|ezfb1 rdc bg~~efsrgeo ei mwrd~/, $Fen/ ngr/' Go erdcz |ezb~& Cofgldrcomcor dk~ jcco sobcz~reeb

k~ ko eppe~grgeo kob nesorczieznc re mwrd8 Cofgldrcomcor neorzkbgnr~ mwrd/ Rdczciezc&Cofgldrcomcor corzcondc~ rdc aoe|fcblc ei ~ngconc rdkr bec~ oer |eza kowmezc ,jw rdc iezrsokrc

go~gldr&, jsr iez rdc ctpfegrkrgeo kob bemgogeo eycz k bg~condkorcb okrszc/ Go rdc pzenc~~ ei

Cofgldrcomcor aoe|fcblc rszo~ gore pe|cz& kob okrszc jcnemc~ zcbsncb re ,k ~sj~rzkrsm eibemgokrgeo/, $BC& 7' Rdc Cofgldrcomcor isonrgeo~ knnezbgol re rdc pzgongpfc ei gbcorgrw8 gr
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3/8


>

nkooer ~rkob rdc bgiiczcor kob rdc soaoe|o8 ,\dkr |k~ bgiiczcor g~ c{skfgxcb/, $BC& ;:' ,\dco

rdczc g~ oe feolcz kowrdgol soaoe|o/ Rdkr bcrczmgoc~ rdc nesz~c ei bcmwrdefelgxkrgeo& eicofgldrcomcor, |dgnd zcbsnc~ kff re ,pszc gmmkoconc/, $BC& ;9' ,Cofgldrcomcor jcdkyc~ re|kzb

rdgol~ k~ k bgnrkrez re|kzb mco&, $BC& 7' kob gr aoe|~ rdcm go ~e ikz k~ gr nko mkogpsfkrc rdcm/

Go rdg~ pzenc~~& ,mgmc~g~, Q9] g~ bg~pfkncb jw pe|cz& |dgnd oe| rszo~ gore rdc ,pzgongpfc ei kff

zcfkrgeo~/, $BC& 7'

Jsr rdg~ zck~eo,~ bg~ck~cCofgldrcomcor,~ gonfgokrgeo iez pe|cz|dgnd dk~ bcrczmgocb

rdc bcycfepmcor ei \c~rczo ngygfgxkrgeo& gr g~ kfzckbw pzc~cor go rdc mwrd gr~cfi/ Go rdc mwrd&

rdczc g~ k memcor ei Cofgldrcomcor1 mezceycz& rdc mwrd g~ rdc igz~r ~rklc ei Cofgldrcomcor8 ,Wcr

rdc mwrd~ |dgnd icff ygnrgm re rdc Cofgldrcomcor |czc gr~ e|o pzebsnr~/, $BC& 4' Rdc mwrd~& goiknr& |korcb re ,zcpezr& okmgol& rdc okzzkrgeo ei rdc Jclgoogol&, jsr rdcw kf~e |korcb re eiicz ko

,ctpfkokrgeo&, rdkr g~& rdcw |korcb re neorzef kob bemgokrc& k~ gr g~ ctpfgngr go rdc ~rcp izem mwrd

re mwrdefelw& izem okzzkrgeo re rdcezw& izem neorcmpfkrgeo re zkrgeokfgxkrgeo/ Go rdc mwrd rdczcg~ k bc~gzc ei pe|cz/ Kr rdc cob& ,mwrd rszo~ gore cofgldrcomcor& kob okrszc gore mczc ejhcnrgygrw/,

$BC& 7' K~ Dkjczmk~ pegor~ esr8 ,Rdc pczmkocor ~glo ei cofgldrcomcor g~ bemgokrgeo eycz ko

ejhcnrgigcb ctrczokf okrszc kob k zcpzc~~cb gorczokf okrszc/, Q7' Rdc fkrrcz rdc~g~ ~ccm~ re neorzkbgnr rdciezmcz& jsr gr g~ hs~r rdc erdcz iknc ei rdc ~kmc nego/ Rdc pzenc~~ ei Cofgldrcomcor zcyckf~ k

Hkos~-iknc8 rdc bemgokrgeo ei ctrczokf okrszc g~ beoc kr rdc ne~r ei zcpzc~~gol mko,~ gorczokf

okrszc/

Mko,~ bemgokrgeo eycz dgm~cfi& |dgnd lzesob~ dg~ ~cfideeb& g~ kfme~r kf|kw~ rdc bc~rzsnrgeo

ei rdc ~sjhcnr go |de~c ~czygnc gr g~ sobczrkaco1 iez rdc ~sj~rkonc |dgnd g~ bemgokrcb& ~sppzc~~cb&

kob bg~~efycb jw ygzrsc ei ~cfi-pzc~czykrgeo g~ oeoc erdcz rdko rdkr yczw fgic k~ k isonrgeo~ ei

|dgnd rdc kndgcycmcor~ ei ~cfi-pzc~czykrgeo igob rdcgz ~efc bcigogrgeo kob bcrczmgokrgeo8 gr g~& go

iknr& |dkr g~ re jc pzc~czycb/ $BC& 32-33'

Knnezbgol re Dezadcgmcz kob Kbezoe& rdc cofgldrcomcor pzenc~~ ei ~cfi-bc~rzsnrgeo g~rdc zc~sfr ei k ~cfi-pzc~czykrgeo bzgyc& |dgnd msrgfkrc~ zck~eo1 zck~eo gr~cfi bc~rzew~ rdc dsmkogrw

gr igz~r mkbc pe~~gjfc/ Rdg~ pzenc~~ ei ~cfi-bc~rzsnrgeo ieffe|~& k~ rdc Cofgldrcomcor gr~cfi& ko

goctezkjfc felgn |dgnd cob~ rszogol klkgo~r rdc ~sjhcnr& zcbsngol gr~ e|o gorczokf okrszc k~ kmczc ~sj~rzkrsm ei bemgokrgeo/ Rdkr g~& rdc pzenc~~ ei cmkongpkrgeo izem ctrczokf okrszc zcyckf~

gr~cfi& kr rdc ~kmc rgmc& k~ k pzenc~~ ei ~sjhcnrgeo ei mko,~ e|o gorczokf okrszc8 ,Rdc ikffco okrszc

ei mebczo mko, cob~ sp k~ k pzenc~~ ei zclzc~~geo re rdc efb jeobklc sobcz okrszc8

Rdc bcnfgoc& rdc iezicgrszc& ei okrszc neo~g~r~ go rdc ~sjhslkrgeo ei okrszc |grdesr |dgnd

~pgzgr bec~ oer ctg~r/ Rdzesld rdc bcng~geo go |dgnd ~pgzgr knaoe|fcblc~ gr~cfi re jc bemgokrgeo

kob zcrzckr~ gore okrszc& gr kjkobeo~ rdc nfkgm re bemgokrgeo |dgnd mkac~ gr k yk~~kf ei okrszc/

$BC& >7-20'
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4/8


2

Rdc bemgokrgeo ei mko eycz okrszc pkzkbetgnkffw nkzzgc~ |grd gr rdc bemgokrgeo ei okrszc

eycz mko/ Iez Dezadcgmcz kob Kbezoe& rdc zcpzc~corkrgeo ei rdg~ pkzkbet g~ Ebw~~cs~,~ ikrc/Dczc rdc neoifgnr g~ zkbgnkf kob ezglgokf& kob gr rkac~ pfknc jcr|cco mko kob okrszc& jcr|cco rdc

,bemgokrgeo ei okrszc, kob rdc ,bemgokrgeo ei mko/,

Rdc Cofgldrcomcor ~rkzrcb jw rdc ~glo ei bemgogeo kob rdc zcbsnrge kb demgoco ei rdc|ezfb dg~rezgnkf pzenc~~c~ re gr~ pzgongpfc~& gr dk~ oer hs~r cfgmgokrcb rdc mwrd& jsr kf~e rdc,mckogol, rdkr rzko~ncob~ rdc jkzc iknr~8

Eo rdc zekb re mebczo ~ngconc& mco zcoesonc kow nfkgm re mckogol/ $BC& 3' \dkr g~

kjkobeocb g~ rdc |defc nfkgm kob kppzeknd ei aoe|fcblc8 re nempzcdcob rdc lgyco k~ ~snd1 oer

mczcfw re bcrczmgoc rdc kj~rzknr ~pkrgercmpezkf zcfkrgeo~ ei rdc iknr~ |dgnd kffe| rdcm hs~r re jc

lzk~pcb& jsr eo rdc neorzkzw re neoncgyc rdcm k~ rdc ~spczigngc~& k~ mcbgkrcb neoncprskf memcor~

|dgnd nemc re isfigffmcor eofw go rdc bcycfepmcor ei rdcgz ~engkf& dg~rezgnkf& kob dsmko~glogignkonc/ $BC& :9-:0' kff ejhcnrgignkrgeo g~ k ,fe~~ ei mckogol/,

\dkr g~ rdc ~nepc ei Dezadcgmcz kob Kbezoe,~ nzgrg{sc ei Cofgldrcomcor5 Nko |c ~rgff

rkfa kjesr rdc bgkfcnrgn ei Cofgldrcomcor ez |c ms~r neo~gbcz rdc pkzkbet ei Cofgldrcomcor5

Dezadcgmcz kob Kbezoe,~ nzgrgnkf gorczpzcrkrgeo ei rdc |ezfb-dg~rezgnkf pzenc~~ ei Cofgldrcomcorklzcc~ |grd Mkt \cjcz,~ bgkloe~g~8 rdc Cofgldrcomcor g~ k pzelzc~~gyc kob gzzcycz~gjfc pzenc~~

ei zkrgeokfgxkrgeo ei kff rdc ~pdczc~ ei ~engkf fgic1 k pzenc~~ rdkr kr rdc ~kmc rgmc g~ rdc

pzelzc~~gyc isonrgeokfgxkrgeo kob go~rzsmcorkfgxkrgeo ei zck~eo& |grd rdc neo~c{scor fe~~ ei


5/8


3

mckogol kob izccbem/ De|cycz& rdc pzenc~~ ei Cofgldrcomcor |k~ fckbgol re k igokf

nkrk~rzepdc/ Dczc Dezadcgmcz kob Kbezoe corcz go rdc igcfb ei rdc zkbgnkf nzgrg{sc eicofgldrcocb zck~eo/

\dkr bec~ rdg~ zkbgnkfgxkrgeo ei rdc nzgrg{sc ei Cofgldrcomcor mcko5 Rdc ksrdez~ ei rdc

BC ctrcobcb kob zkbgnkfgxcb Fsnakn~, neoncpr ei zcgignkrgeo kob& |grd gr& \cjcz,~ neoncpr eizkrgeokfgxkrgeo& jcweob rdc mebc ei nkpgrkfg~r pzebsnrgeo& re rdc |defc dg~rezw ei \c~rczongygfgxkrgeo/ Rdc zkbgnkfgxkrgeo rdkr rdc nzgrg{sc ei Cofgldrcomcor ctpczgconc~ dczc g~

pkzkbetgnkf8 rdc nzgrgng~m rszo~ ~e zkbgnkf rdkr gr sobczmgoc~ gr~ e|o jk~g~& gr~ e|o neobgrgeo ei

pe~~gjgfgrw/ Go iknr& gi rdc dg~rezw ei \c~rczo zkrgeokfgrw g~ kr rdc ~kmc rgmc k pzenc~~ ei neffkp~c

kob zcrszogol re mwrd& rdco rdc gbcefelw nzgrg{sc fe~c~ gr~ srepgko bgmco~geo8 ,rdc zkrgeokfpercorgkf ei jeszlceg~ nsfrszc&, Q;0] |grd |dgnd gr ikncb sp re zckfgrw kob nzgrgngxcb gr& bcmkob~

kob mkac~ pe~~gjfc gr~ zckfgxkrgeo/ Rdg~ zkbgnkf nzgrg{sc& rdco& ctnfsbcb rdc pe~~gjgfgrw re

cofgldrco rdc Cofgldrcomcor kjesr gr~cfi& rdkr g~& rdc pe~~gjgfgrw re zckfgxc gr k~ ~snd/

Ejyges~fw& rdg~ pkzkbet g~ pzc~cor go rdc mgob ei Dezadcgmcz kob Kbezoe/ Gr |k~ rdc

cofgldrcocb-cmkongpkrez gmpcrs~ kr ~rkac |dgnd mergykrcb rdcgz rdesldr8 ,\c kzc |deffwneoygoncbkob rdczcgo fgc~ esz pcrgrge pzgongpggrdkr ~engkf izccbem g~ go~cpkzkjfc izem

cofgldrcocb rdesldr/, $BC& tggg' Rdcgz pe~grgeo |k~ oer re kyegb rdc pkzkbet& jsr re kjgbc go gr

|grdesr ifccgol re|kzb gzzkrgeokf ~efsrgeo~/

Go iknr& rdc pzenc~~ ei bcmwrdefelgxkrgeo& |dgnd g~ ~s~pcobcb jcr|cco mwrd kob

Cofgldrcomcor& fckb~ mko k neois~geo jcr|cco okrszc kob nsfrszc& |dczc rdc ctrczokf |ezfb g~bgiiczcorgkrcb gore rdc ejhcnrgyc |ezfb ei corgrgc~ kob rdc ~engkf |ezfb ei oezm~& kob rdcw jerd

~rkob go neorzk~r re rdc ~sjhcnr,~ gorczokf |ezfb ei ctpczgconc/ Rdg~ g~ rdc pfknc |dczc rdc

pzencbszc ei gbcefelw nzgrg{sc nko jc ctkmgocb/ \dco neorctr~ ei mckogol kob zckfgrw& rdkr g~&|dco gorczokf kob ctrczokf zcfkrgeo~dgp~ dkyc jcco somgtcb kob bgiiczcorgkrcb eofw rdco nko rdc

~s~pgngeo ei gbcefelw kzg~c~/ Rdc pzenc~~ ei Cofgldrcomcor ~de|~ rdkr rdc ksreoemw ei ykfgbgrwnfkgmcb jw k rdcezw& |dco gr ieffe|~ gr~ ~pcngign felgn kob g~ nfcko~cb ei kff mwrdefelgnkf bze~~&g~ ko gffs~geo jcnks~c ~cnzcr gorczc~r~ kob pe|cz kzc dgbbco/

Dezadcgmcz kob Kbezoe,~ nzgrg{sc& |dgnd g~ go~pgzcb jw ~snd ~s~pgngeo& jcnemc~gbcefelw nzgrg{sc |dco gr krrcmpr~ re ~de| rdkr rdc ykfgbgrw ei k rdcezw dk~ oer jcco kbc{skrcfw

bg~~engkrcb izem rdc neorctr go |dgnd gr cmczlcb $zckfgrw' kob rdc neorctr ei hs~rgignkrgeo

$mckogol'/ Pzcng~cfw& rdc gbcefelw nzgrg{sc |kor~ re ~de| rdkr rdc~c gorczokf kob ctrczokf

zcfkrgeo~dgp~ kzc neois~cb kob rdkr rdcw kzc neois~cb jcnks~c ykfgbgrw nfkgm~ kzc bcrczmgocb jwzcfkrgeo~dgp~ ei pe|cz/

Cofgldrcomcor& rdzesld rdg~ nzgrg{sc& jcnemc~ zcifcnrgyc kob gr g~ pcziezmcb re gr~ e|o

pzebsnr~/ Jsr |dco gbcefelw nzgrg{sc ,gr~cfi, nemc~ sobcz ~s~pgngeo& rdco& rdc besjr zckndc~ esr

re gonfsbc zck~eo/ Dkjczmk~ nfkgm~ rdkr rdc BC rkac~ pzcng~cfw rdg~ ~rcp8 ,^e |dkr cofgldrcomcordk~ pczpcrzkrcb eo mwrd& rdcw kppfw re rdc pzenc~~ ei cofgldrcomcor k~ k |defc/ Gok~msnd k~ gr

rszo~ klkgo~r zck~eo k~ rdc iesobkrgeo ei gr~ e|o ykfgbgrw& nzgrg{sc jcnemc~ rerkf/, Q;;] Rds~& rdc

zkbgnkfgxkrgeo ei gbcefelw nzgrg{sc bec~ oer dkyc kowrdgol go zc~czyc re |dgnd gr mgldr kppckf/

Bgb rdc pkzkbet |grd |dgnd Dezadcgmcz kob Kbezoe neoizeorcb rdcm~cfyc~ fckyc oe |kw esr5


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Rdc BC ~sllc~r~& ocyczrdcfc~~& rdkr go rdc Cofgldrcomcor,~ pzenc~~ ei ~cfi-bc~rzsnrgeo&

jcnks~c zck~eo g~ oer gr~cfi k nempfcrcfw bemgokor zck~eo& rdczc g~ |grdgo k dgbbco memcor ei

rzsrd |dgnd kzg~c~ go nczrkgo dg~rezgnkf cycor~/ Rdg~ ,~cnzcr srepgk go rdc neoncpr ei zck~eo, $BC&

42' g~ rdc fk~r zc~ezr rdkr defb~ rdc BC,~ fgjczkrgol depc& |dgnd rzko~ncob~ rdc neorzkbgnrgeo kob

mkac~ pe~~gjfc rdc kgm ,re pzcpkzc rdc |kw iez k pe~grgyc oergeo ei cofgldrcomcor/, $BC& tyg'

De|cycz& rdg~ memcor ei rzsrd go rdc neoncpr ei zck~eo g~ eofw goyeacb go rdc BC/ \dkr bec~ grgoyefyc5 Rdc BC bec~ oer ctpfgngrfw dkyc ko ko~|cz/ Bgkfcnrgn ei Cofgldrcomcor defb~ ~nkzncfw

kow pze~pcnr iez ko c~nkpc izem rdc mwrd/

\c nko bzk| fgoc~& rdesld& rdkr rdc nzgrg{sc ei Cofgldrcomcor bec~ oer goyefyc rdc

,~sjhslkrgeo, ei okrszc& jsr gr~ pczycz~geo gore ko go~rzsmcorkfdemelcogxgol kob zcgiwgolzck~eo/ Dczc rdc pczycz~geo g~ fenkrcb go rdc ezglgo gr~cfi ei rdc Cofgldrcomcor pzenc~~& kob gr

kzg~c~ izem ko ezglgokf iezlcrisfoc~~ kr rdc bk|o ei \c~rczo zkrgeokfgrw/ Jcnks~c zck~eo iezler

gr~ ezglgokf sogrw |grd okrszc kobmwrd& gr |k~ iezmcb rdco knnezbgol re rdc pzgongpfc ei pe|cz&kob |grd gr rdc ~ccb~ ei gr~ e|o bc~rzsnrgeo/ Rdkr nzgrgng~m bec~ oer mcko k |grdbzk|kf ei zck~eo

go ikyez ei okrszc oez k oe~rkflgn zcrszo re okrszc& jsr rdc eycznemgol ei rdc Cofgldrcomcor,~

pczycz~geo rdzesld Cofgldrcomcor gr~cfi/ Rdc eycznemgol ei rdc pzenc~~ ei kfgcokrgeo eizck~eo%okrszc g~ oer go rdc mkzlgo~ ei zck~eo gr~cfi/ Q;:]

>/ Izem Dezadcgmcz kob Kbezoe,~ kppzeknd |c ms~r neoizeor k bgfcmmk8 cgrdcz |c|cfnemc rdc rszogol jkna ei rdc mwrd~ kob rdc leb~ ez |c be oer zc~glo esz~cfyc~ re rdc ikgfszc

ei Cofgldrcomcor/ ^emcrdgol |k~ |zeol go rdc gogrgkf pfko& ~emcrdgol dkppcocb jcr|cco rdc

pzehcnr kob |dkr dk~ zckffw rkaco pfknc/ \dkr |cor |zeol5 Gr ~ccm~ rdkr esz rgmc fe~r rdc pkrd eigr~ dezgxeo ei mckogol/ \c~rczo zkrgeokfgrw g~ bwgol ei ~snnc~~& jsr gr g~ kfzckbw igobgol gr~cfi go

zglez mezrg~/ \c~rczo zkrgeokfgrw g~ neo~rzsgol rdc nklc iez k oc| ~czygrsbc/ \dkr zc~smc~

mebczo zkrgeokfgrw g~ gr~ ,zcgignkrgeo, |dgnd g~ rdc ygzs~ gonsjkrcb go gr~ igz~r memcor~/

Gr ~ccm~ rdkr rdc bc~glo ei mebczo zkrgeokfgrw |k~ dkolgol jw k rdzckb8 rdc c{sgfgjzgsmjcr|cco rdc ~sj~rkorgyc zck~eo kob rdc pkzrgnsfkz felgn~ |k~ zckbw re jzcka/ Rdg~ rdzckb g~ oe|jzeaco/ \c kzc |groc~~gol rdc ctrzkezbgokzw bcycfepgol ei rdc ~pcngign zkrgeokfgrgc~& kob kr rdc

~kmc rgmc& rdc ykog~dgol ei rdc ~sj~rkorgyc zck~eo/ Dczc ~sj~rkorgyc zck~eo mcko~ k nemmeo

dezgxeo ei mckogol iez rdc bgycz~grw ei dsmko knrgygrgc~/ Rdkr isonrgeo ei zck~eo g~ rdc eoc rdkr

rzko~ncob~ rdc nfkgm~ ei sogycz~kfgrw ei mebczo zck~eordkr gr g~ pfszkf/ Go \cjcz,~ rczm~& rdc,zkrgeokfgrw ei ndegnc, Q;>] |k~ ~cpkzkrcb go pkzrgnsfkz zkrgeokfgrgc~ $pefgrgn~& cneoemgn~& nsfrszc&

crn/'& cknd eoc |grd gr~ e|o fclgrgmkrc felgn $felgn ei pe|cz& felgn ei meocw& felgn ei aoe|fcblc&

crn/'/ Nczrkgofw& rdc~c ~pcngign felgn~ kzc rdc zc~sfr ei rdc bg~condkormcor ei rdc mebczo |ezfb&~cpkzkrcb izem rdc nemmeo dezgxeo ei rdc ~sj~rkorgyc zck~eo/

Rdc neo~c{sconc~ ei rdg~ ~pfgr kzc ei r|e rwpc~8 Q;2] k' \dco cknd pkzrgnsfkz zkrgeokfgrw~cpkzkrc~ izem rdc nemmeo dezgxeo |dgnd pzcrcob~ re lgyc k rerkf mckogol re knrgeo& rdc

esrnemc g~ k bcigngr ei zkrgeokfgrw/ Bc~pgrc rdc ctrzkezbgokzw bcycfepgol ei ~ngconc& gr kbykonc~

|grdesr bgzcnrgeo/ ^ngconc goyc~rglkrc~ jw goyc~rglkrgol& gr bec~ oer aoe| |dw gr goyc~rglkrc~& kobgr g~ gobgiiczcor re rdc mckogol ei gr~ e|o zc~ckznd/ Igokffw& oerdgol pzcycor~ ~ngconc rdkr cyco

mko |esfb jc rdc ejhcnr ei gr~ zc~ckznd& rdkr g~& re ~sjhcnr rdc |defc mko re k pzenc~~ ei

ejhcnrgignkrgeo/ j' Neonemgrkorfw& rdc esrnemc g~ kf~e ko ctnc~~ ei zkrgeokfgrw/ \grdesr knemmeo dezgxeo rdkr zclsfkrc~ rdc fgmgr~ ei cknd ~pcngign felgn& cknd pkzrgnsfkz zkrgeokfgrw |esfb
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Jgjfgelzkpdw

Dkjczmk~& Hszlco/ Rdc Rdcezw ei NemmsognkrgycKnrgeo/ Yef/ ;/ Rzko~/ Rdemk~ MnNkzrdw/Je~reo8 Jckneo& ;742/

Dkjczmk~& Hszlco/ ,Rdc Cor|gocmcor ei Mwrd kob Cofgldrcomcor8 Mkt Dezadcgmcz kobRdcebez Kbezoe&, go Rdc Pdgfe~epdgnkf Bg~nesz~c ei Mebczogrw/ Rzko~/ Izcbczgna L/ Fk|zconc/

Nkmjzgblc8 MGR& ;779/

Dezadcgmcz& Mkt kob Rdcebez \/ Kbezoe/ Bgkfcnrgn ei Cofgldrcomcor/ Rzko~/ Hedo Nsmmgol/

Oc| Weza8 Neorgossm& ;774/

Zcwc~ Mkrc/Mcmezgk bc Ennngbcorc/ Jkzncfeok8 Kordzepe~& ;77

alfredo lucero-montaño / horkheimer and adorno: 'dialectic of enlightenment

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