âl$fz-5 x$p¡gffpe dp„l$x$“y„ aÞe n¡Ó¡...

205

âL$fZ-5

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X$“y„ AÞe n¡Ó¡ âv$p“

5.1 âõsph“p

5.2 NyS>fpsu AÝep‘L$ k„O“p A¡L$ ApÛõ’p‘L$ sfuL¡$

5.3 îu L$õsyfbp õÓu rhL$pkN©l“p ApÛõ’p‘L$ sfuL¡$

5.4 “hr“rd®s ‘pd¡gp kp¥fpô²$ A“¡ NyS>fps fpS>e“p L¡$mhZu“p ìehõ’p‘L$

sfuL¡$

5.5 rhrh^ ‘qfjv$p¡“p âdyM sfuL¡$

5.6 kpdreL$p¡“p s„Óu sfuL¡$

5.7 rhrh^ k„õ’pAp¡ Üpfp dm¡gp kÞdp“p¡

5.8 Arsd dp„v$Nu A“¡ d©Ðey

5.9 îÙp„S>rgAp¡

206

âL$fZ-5

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X$“y„ AÞe n¡Ó¡ âv$p“

5.15.15.15.15.1 âõsph“p :âõsph“p :âõsph“p :âõsph“p :âõsph“p :

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X$¡ dpÓ L¡$mhZuL$pf, rhh¡QL$ L¡$ k„ip¡ L$ S> “ lsp ‘Z A“¡L$ kpdprS>L$$

A“¡ i¥nrZL$ k„õ’pA¡p“p S>Þdv$psp ‘Z lsp. s¡Ap¡A¡ L$fp„Qu, hëëc rhÛp“Nf, fpS>L$p¡V$,

Åd“Nf hN¡f¡ il¡fpdp„ ‘p¡sp“p hkhpV$L$pm v$fçep“ A“¡L$ k„õ’pAp¡“u õ’p‘hp L$fhpdp„

âÐen L¡$ ‘fp¡n fus¡ dlÒh“u c|rdL$p cS>hu lsu. ipfv$p d„qv$f-L$fp„Qu, ipfv$pN°pd - dpNfp¡m,

NyS>fpsu“p¡ AÝep‘L$ k„O, S>gpfpd DÃQ L¡$mhZu d„X$m-fpS>L$p¡V$, îu L$õsyfbp õÓu rhL$pkN°l-

Åd“Nf, îu rhÛp¡s¡S>L$ d„X$m - Åd“Nf, îu rhÌ$gv$pk “Æ bpfv$p“hpmp V²$õV$ - Åd“Nf,

îu A¡k.hu. rhfpZu rhrh^gnu lpBõL|$g-fpS>L$p¡V$ hN¡f¡ k„õ’pA¡p“p ApÛõ’p‘L$, âdyM,

d„Óu L¡$ ìehõ’p‘L$ krdrs“p kæe sfuL¡$ k„L$mpe¡gp lsp. Ap k„õ’pAp¡“u õ’p‘“pdp„, s¡“p

b„^pfZ“p OX$sfdp„ L¡$ s¡“¡ r“ròs ApL$pf Ap‘hpdp„ s¡d“y„ ep¡Nv$p“ dlÒh‘|Z® füy„ lsy„.

i¥nrZL$ k„õ’p“p kS>®“ A“¡ k„Qpg“dp„ “p“pcpB cË$ A“¡ lfcpB rÓh¡v$u“u S>¡d s¡Ap¡

‘pf„Ns lsp. k„õ’p k„Qpg““y„ ipõÓ s¡Ap¡“¡ AhNs lsy„. X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X S>¡ k„õ’p“p k„QpgL$

füp R>¡ s¡dp„ s¡dZ¡ A“¡L$ ES>mu ‘f„‘fpAp¡ iê$ L$fu lsu.

5.25.25.25.25.2 NyS>fpsu AÝep‘L$ k„O“p A¡L$ ApÛõ’p‘L$ sfuL¡$ :NyS>fpsu AÝep‘L$ k„O“p A¡L$ ApÛõ’p‘L$ sfuL¡$ :NyS>fpsu AÝep‘L$ k„O“p A¡L$ ApÛõ’p‘L$ sfuL¡$ :NyS>fpsu AÝep‘L$ k„O“p A¡L$ ApÛõ’p‘L$ sfuL¡$ :NyS>fpsu AÝep‘L$ k„O“p A¡L$ ApÛõ’p‘L$ sfuL¡$ :

ApS>¡ NyS>fpsu cpjp A“¡ kprlÐe“p DÃQ AÝep‘““p n¡Ó¡ NyS>fpsu AÝep‘L$ k„O

L$pd L$fu füp¡ R>¡. s¡“p ApÛõ’p‘L$ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X$ lsp.

NyS>fpsu cpjp-kprlÐe“p DÃQ AÝep‘““¡ gNsp L¡$V$gpL$ kpdpÞe âñp¡ A“¡

dyíL¡$guAp¡“p¡ rhQpf L$fhp A“¡ s¡“p D‘pep¡ ip¡ hp“p l¡sy’u DÃQ rinZ“u Sy>v$u Sy>v$u k„õ’pAp¡dp„

NyS>fpsu iuMhsp AÝep‘L$p¡ A¡L$ õ’m¡ A¡L$W$p dm¡, A¡L$buÅ“p¡ ‘qfQe kp^u rhQpf rhr“de

L$f¡ A¡ M|b S> S>ê$fu lsy„. A¡hy„ k„d¡g“ Apep¡S>“ L$fhp“p¡ rhQpf â’d hMs hl¡sp¡ d|L$“pf

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X lsp.11111 Ap L$pe® dpV¡$ s¡Ap¡A¡ NyS>fpsu“p AÝep‘L$p¡ kdn ‘p¡sp“¡p Ap rhQpf

hl¡sp¡ d|L$ep¡ A“¡ Ap rhQpf“¡ kp¥ AÝep‘L$p¡A¡ õhuL$pfu gu^p¡ lsp¡. ‘qfZpd¡ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡

kdN° NyS>fps“p AÝep‘L$p¡“y„ sp. 3, 4, 5 “h¡çbf, 1947 “p fp¡S> îu rhÌ$gcpB ‘V¡$g

dlprhÛpge, hëgc rhÛp“Nf dyL$pd¡ â’d k„d¡g“ bp¡gpìey„ lsy„.22222 Ap âL$pf“y„ Ap ‘l¡gy„ S>

k„d¡g“ ’sy„ lp¡hp’u AÝep‘L$p¡“¡ ‘Z A¡ rhj¡ cpf¡ DÐkpl lsp¡. X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“p âeÐ“p¡“¡

207

gu ¡ Ap k„d¡g“dp„ îu fpd“pfpeZ ‘pW$L$, frhi„L$f Å¡ju, îu rhS>efpe> h¥Û, îu rhð“p’

cË$, îu d„Sy>gpg dS>dyv$pf, îu d“kyMgpg Th¡fu, îu A“„sfpe fphm, îu ^uê$cpB W$pL$f,

îu L¡$ihgpg ipõÓu, îu eih„s iyL$g hN¡f¡ AÝep‘L$p¡ lpS>f füp lsp. Ap k„d¡g“dp„ X$p¡gffpe

dp„L$X A“¡ fpd“pfpeZ ‘pW$L$“p âeÐ“p¡ A“¡ NyS>fps“p AÝep‘L$p¡“p klep¡N’u NyS>fpsu

AÝep‘L$ k„O“u õ’p‘“p ’B lsu.

Ap k„d¡g“ ÓZ qv$hk Qpëey„ lsy„. Ap kd¡g““u â’d qv$hk“u b¡W$L$“p âdyM sfuL¡$

îu fpd“pfpeZ ‘pW$L$“u hfZu ’B lsu. S>epf¡ NyS>fpsu“p AÝep‘L$p¡“y„ Ap â’d k„d¡g“

dþey„ lp¡e Ðepf¡ â’d b¡W$L$dp„ A¡ âñ D‘[õ’s ’ep¡ L¡$ L$ep„-L$ep„ dyØpAp¡“u rhQpfZp L$fhu

Ðepf¡ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ Ap k„d¡g““p Apep¡S>“ ‘|h® NyS>fpsu“p b^p AÝep‘L$p¡ ‘pk¡’u k„d¡g“

v$fçep“ rhQpfZp L$fhp dpV¡$“p dyØpAp¡ r“d„ÓZ‘Ó’u d„Nph¡gp lsp. s¡ A„N¡ QQp®-rhQpfZp

’B lsu. buÅ qv$hk“u b¡W$L$“p âdyM sfuL¡$ frhi„L$f Å¡ju“u khp®“yds¡ hfZu ’B. Ap qv$hk¡

k„d¡g““¡ õ’peu ê$‘ Ap‘hp“p âñ, eyr“hrk®V$uAp¡ sfa’u hpf„hpf b¡S>hpbv$pf fus¡ Aæepk¾$dp¡

A“¡ ‘pW$e‘yõsL$p¡ NyS>fpsu“p rhjedp„ dyL$ff ’pe R>¡ s¡“p¡ âñ A“¡ NyS>fpsu“p DÃQrinZ“¡

Æh„s L¡$hu fus¡ b“phu iL$pe A¡ âñ D‘f QQp® ’B lsu. Ap AÝep‘L$ k„d¡g““¡ õ’peu

k„õ’p“y„ ê$‘ Ap‘hp A„N¡ S>¡ QQp® ’B lsu s¡“p A„s¡ hj®dp„ Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡Ry>„ A¡L$hpf NyS>fpsu

cpjp-kprlÐe“p AÝep‘L$p¡ A¡L$W$p dm¡, ‘p¡sp“p ìehkpe“p kh®dpÞe âñp¡ rhQpf¡, rhjep¡“u

dyíL¡$guAp¡“y„ r“fpL$fZ gph¡ hN¡f¡ Ap k„O“p L$pep£ “L$L$u ’ep lsp.33333 Ap k„d¡g““p ÓuÅ qv$hk¡

rhS>efpe h¥Û“u âdyM sfuL¡$ khp®“yds¡ hfZu ’sp„ s¡d“p âdyM õ’p“¡ ApNgp b¡ qv$hk¡ S>¡

QQp®Ap¡ ’B lsu s¡dp„’u args ’sp dyØpAp¡“¡ Aphfu gB“¡ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ ‘l¡gp¡ W$fph fS|>

L$ep£ lsp¡.44444

""NyS>fpsu cpjp A“¡ kprlÐe“p DÃQ rinZ“¡ gNsp A“¡L$ kh®kpdpÞe âñp¡“p

sp[ÒhL$ DL¡$g“p A¡L$ dlÐh“p kp^“ g¡M¡ k„d¡g““u âh©rÑAp¡“¡ õ’peuê$‘ dm¡ A¡ Bô$ R>¡ A¡d

A¡ âñ“u rhQpfZp A„s¡ args ’ey„ R>¡. s¡’u

(1) k„d¡g“ NyS>fpsu AÝep‘L$ k„Odp„ a¡fhpB S>hy„.

(2) AÝep‘L$ iåv$“p¡ A’®, "L$p¡B‘Z eyr“hrk®V$uA¡ dpÞe fpM¡gu DÃQrinZ“u k„õ’pdp„

NyS>fpsu cpjp-kprlÐe“y„ AÝep‘“ L$f“pf ìeqL$s' A¡d g¡hp¡ A“¡ s¡“p kh® AÝep‘L$p¡“¡

s¡d“u k„drs’u k„O“p kæe NZhp.

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(3) k„O“p kæep¡“y„ hj® v$fçep“ Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡Ry>„ A¡L$ k„d¡g“ A“yL|$m õ’m¡ cfhy„.

(4) S>ep„ ky u b„ pfZ OX$hp“u S>ê$f “ S>Zpe Ðep„ ky u afuhpf dmsp gNu, krdrs

“udu s¡“p Üpfp k„O“u âh©rÑAp¡ Qgphhu.

A¡ ‘R>u frhi„L$f Å¡ju Üpfp eyr“hrk®V$uAp¡“u NyS>fpsu“u Aæepk krdrsdp„ NyS>fpsu“p

AÝep‘L$p¡“¡ A¡pR>pdp„ Ap¡Ry>„ ‘Qpk V$L$p ârsr“r^Ðh dm¡ A¡ dpV¡$ W$fph ’ep¡ lsp¡.

hëgc rhÛp“Nfdp„ dm¡gp ‘l¡gp k„d¡g“dp„ NyS>fpsu rhje“p¡ L$p¡g¡S>“p â’d hj®’u

A¡d.A¡. L$np ky u“p¡ Aæepk¾$d s¥epf L$fhp“y„ “L$L$u L$ey® lsy„. S>epf¡ Ap Aæepk¾$d s¥epf

L$fu“¡ dy„bB eyr“hrk®V$u“¡ dp¡L$gu Ap‘hpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡ Ðepf¡ eyr“hrk®V$uA¡ A¡“p âÐe¡ k„‘|Z®

vy$g®n k¡ìey„ lsy„ Ðepf¡ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X, fpd“pfpeZ ‘pW$L$ A“¡ AÞe AÝep‘L$p¡A¡ Ap Aæepk¾$d

“ õhuL$pf¡ sp¡ NyS>fpsu“p AÝep‘L$p¡A¡ ‘funp ‘v$ õhuL$pfhy„ “l] A¡d “L$L$u L$ey® lsy„. Ðepf¡

dy„bB eyr“hrk®V$uA¡ “dsy„ Å¡Mu“¡ L$ip a¡fapf rh“p ApMp¡ Aæepk¾$d õhuL$pfu gu^p¡ lsp¡.

NyS>fps“u eyr“hrk®V$uAp¡dp„ AÐepf¡ S>¡ NyS>fpsu rhje“p¡ Aæepk¾$d âhs£ R>¡ s¡“p ‘pepdp„ Ap

Aæepk¾$d fl¡gp¡ R>¡.55555

Apd, X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ NyS>fpsu AÝep‘L$ k„O“y„ â’d k„d¡g“ hëgc rhÛp“Nfdp„

Apep¡S>s L$fu“¡ NyS>fpsu rhje“p âñp¡“u QQp® rhQpfZp A“¡ AÝee“-AÝep‘““¡ s¡S>õhu

b“phhp“p l¡sy’u NyS>fpsu AÝep‘L$ k„O“u õ’p‘“p L$fhpdp„ ANÐe“p¡ apmp¡ Apàep¡ lsp¡. s¡

‘R>u v$f hj£ Ap k„õ’p Üpfp k„d¡g““y„ Apep¡S>“ ’sy„ lsy„.

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ NyS>fpsu AÝep‘L$ k„O“y„ kp¡mdy„ Ar^h¡i“ sp. 31 Ap¡L$V$p¡bf’u 1

“h¡çbf, 1963“p fp¡S> N„NpS>mp rhÛp‘uW$-AguApbpX$p dyL$pd¡ bp¡gpìey„ lsy„.66666 Ap k„d¡g“dp„

A¡dZ¡ S|>’QQp®“u ‘Ùrs ‘f ky„v$f âL$pi ‘pX$ep¡ lsp¡ A“¡ NyS>fpsu kprlÐe“p Sy>v$p Sy>v$p

Aõ‘©õe fl¡gp âï“p¡ rhi¡ Aæepk S|>’p¡ fQhp“u rldpes L$fu lsu.77777 Ap k„d¡g““p ‘|Zp®lºrs

ìep¿ep“dp„ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ AÝee“-AÝep‘“ s¡S>õhu b“phhp dpV¡$“p îu fpd“pfpeZ ‘pW$L$

kpl¡b“p Dv¹$Npfp¡“y„ õdfZ L$fphu A¡ Ýe¡e L$v$pr‘ Ýep“ blpf “ fpMhp“u AÝep‘L$p¡“¡ AkfL$pfL$

A‘ug L$fu lsu. AÝep‘L$p¡“p lh¡ ‘R>u“p k„d¡g“dp„ rinZ“u ‘Ùrs“p âñp¡ h^y“¡ h^y

QQ®hp“u A“¡ s¡ Üpfp rhÛp’}Ap¡“¡ h y D‘L$pfL$ “uhX$hp“u cph“p s¡dZ¡ âNV$ L$fu lsu. Ap

D‘fp„s k„O“p Ýep“d„Ó sfa Ýep“ v$p¡fu, Aæepk¾$dp¡“y„ Apep¡S>“ A“¡ ‘qfk„hpv$-QQp®“u b„“¡

c|rdL$pAp¡ ‘kpf L$fu, k„O lh¡ ÓuÆ c|rdL$pdp„ âh¡iu füp¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡, hL®$ip¡‘“p Apep¡S>“ ‘f

209

rhi¡j cpf d|L$hp“y„ k|Q“ L$ey® lsy„.88888 A¡d“¡ L$B “hy„ kyTsy„ s¡ A„N¡ rhQpfu s¡“y„ AdguL$fZ

AÝep‘L$ k„O ‘pk¡ L$fphsp lsp.

Ar^h¡i““p kde¡ âÐe¡L$ AÝep‘L$ hj® v$fçep“ ‘p¡sp“p õhpÝepe“p amê$‘¡ L$iy„L$

gMpZ gB“¡ Aph¡ A’hp ‘¡psp“p d“dp„ hku Ne¡gp A¡L$pv$ DÑdN°„’ rhi¡ “p¢ L$fu gph¡ A¡hy„

k|Q“ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ L$ey® lsy„. Ap L$pe®“¡ s¡Ap¡A¡ "AÝe®'“y„ “pd Apàey„ lsy„.99999 Apd A¡d“y„

k„Np¡‘“ ‘pdu“¡ k„O A¡L$ rhriô$ k„õ’p ê$‘¡ ApS>¡ ‘p„Nfu R>¡.

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“p rhQpf“p ‘qf‘pL$ ê$‘¡ Ap k„õ’p“p¡ S>Þd ’ep¡ lsp¡. s¡ iê$Aps’u S>

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X, fpd“pfpeZ ‘pW$L$ hN¡f¡ AÝep‘L$p¡A¡ S>¡ ‘f„‘fpAp¡ iê$ L$fu lsu s¡“p ‘qfZpd¡

ApS>¡ ‘Z AÝep‘L$ k„O L$p¡B frS>õV$X®$ k„õ’p “’u L¡$ “’u A¡“y„ L$p¡B g¡rMs b„ pfZ. A¡“u

DS>S>hm ‘f„‘fpAp¡ A¡S> A¡“y„ b„ pfZ R>¡. v$¡icf“u eyr“hrk®V$uAp¡“p NyS>fpsu AÝep‘L$p¡“p

Ap k„O gNcN v$f hj£ L$p¡B“¡ L$p¡B A“yL|$m õ’m¡ ‘p¡sp“y„ k„d¡g“ ep¡Æ“¡, AÝee“-AÝep‘““¡

s¡S>õhu b“phhp“p l¡sy’u rhQpf rhr“de L$f¡ R>¡.

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ Ap k„O dpV¡$ âbp¡ ¡gp¡ d„Ó "VoOpñd ZmdYtV‘² AñVw &' Adpfu rhÛp

(AÝee“ A“¡ AÝep‘“) s¡S>õhu flp¡ ! A¡ Ap k„O dpV¡$ kv$p â¡fL$ê$‘ b“u füp¡ R>¡. AÝep‘L$

k„O“u õ’p‘“pdp„ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“u v$u ®Ørô$ A“¡ L$pe®r“›$p“p v$i®“ ’pe R>¡.

5.35.35.35.35.3 îu L$õsyfbp õÓu rhL$pkN©l“p ApÛõ’p‘L$ sfuL¡$ :îu L$õsyfbp õÓu rhL$pkN©l“p ApÛõ’p‘L$ sfuL¡$ :îu L$õsyfbp õÓu rhL$pkN©l“p ApÛõ’p‘L$ sfuL¡$ :îu L$õsyfbp õÓu rhL$pkN©l“p ApÛõ’p‘L$ sfuL¡$ :îu L$õsyfbp õÓu rhL$pkN©l“p ApÛõ’p‘L$ sfuL¡$ :

B.k. 1953-54dp„ N°pdp¡Ð’p““p L$pe® dpV¡$ v$f¡L$ rS>ëgpdp„ kdpS> L$ëepZ bp¡X®$“u fQ“p

’B lsu. X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X kp¥fpô²$ fpS>edp„ kdpS>L$ëepZ bp¡X®$“p d„Óu sfuL¡$ kp¥fpô²$“p N°pçe

rhõspfp¡dp„ õÓuAp¡ s’p bpmL$p¡“p L$ëepZ dpV¡$ L$pe®fs bÞep lsp.1010101010 Åd“Nfdp„ s¡d“u â¡fZp’u

d„Sy>gpb¡“, “d®v$pb¡“ A“¡ L¡$iycpB hrmep hN¡f¡ Ap L$pdNufudp„ âh©siug lsp. Ap kde¡

Åd“Nfdp„ kdpS>dp„’u sfR>p¡X$pe¡gu drlgpAp¡ dpV¡$ A¡L$ ‘Z õ’peu k„õ’p “ lsu.

buÆ bpSy> kp¥fpô²$dp„ õÓu ApÐdlÐep“y„ âdpZ OÏ„ h^pf¡ lp¡hp’u kfL$pf¡ X$p®.

S>ep¡Ðk“pb¡“ ipl“p AÝen‘v$¡ ApÐdlÐep s‘pk ‘„Q“u r“dZ|„L$$ L$fu. Ap krdrsA¡ v$f¡L$

rS>ëgpdp„ kdpS>dp„’u sfR>p¡X$pe¡gu bl¡“p¡ dpV¡$ ApîeN©l õ’p‘hp“u cgpdZ L$fu. s¡ A“ykpf

B.k. 1956dp„ ÅdN“fdp„ drlgpAp¡ dpV¡$ ApîeN©l õ’p‘hp“u âq¾$ep âpf„cpB lsu. kp¥fpô²$

fpS>e“p rhkS>®“ kp’¡ dlpqÙcpju dy„bB fpS>e A[õsÐhdp„ Aphu füy„ lsy„ Ðepf¡ rhkrS>®s ’su

kp¥fpô²$ kfL$pf¡ R>¡ëgp¡ W$fph L$fu Åd“Nfdp„ bl¡“p¡ dpV¡$“p rhL$pkN©l“u õ’p‘“p L$fhp“p¡ A“¡

210

s¡ dpV¡$ ê$r‘ep khp gpM“y„ v$p“ Ap‘hp“p¡ r“Z®e L$ep£ lsp¡. Åd“Nf“p v$p“huf i¡W$ d¡OÆ

‘¡’fpS> ipl¡ ‘Z Ap k„õ’p dpV¡$ khp gpM“y„ v$p“ Apàey„ lsy„. k„õ’p“¡ ‘p¡sp“p Ly$Vy„$buS>“p¡“y„

“pd Ap‘hp“¡ bv$g¡ fpô²$dpsp L$õsyfbp “pd Å¡X$u v$B“¡ v$p““p¡ drldp h^pep£ lsp¡. kp¥fpô²$“p

“pZpâ^p“ d“ycpB ipl“p âepkp¡’u kyf¡ÞÖ“Nf“p frsgpg h ®dp“ ipl“p ‘yÓp¡A¡ 2,17,850

Qp¡fk aŸV$ S>du“ v$p“dp„ Ap‘u lsu. Apd D‘fp¡L$s v$p“ A“¡ S>du“ dmhp’u Åd“Nfdp„ îu

L$õsyfbp õÓu rhL$pk N©l“u õ’p‘“p ’B lsu.1111111111 drlgp DÐL$j® dpV¡$“u Ap k„õ’p“¡ k¡hp

cph“phpmp L$pe®L$fp¡ A¡hp N„NpS>mp rhÛp‘uW$“p F>rjNyê$ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X, d„Sy>gpb¡“ v$h¡,

“d®v$pb¡“ hpfuAp, L¡$iycpB hrmep, vy$óe„scpB ‘„X$ep hN¡f¡ dþep lsp. X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X A“¡

AÞe L$pe®L$fp¡“p âeÐ“p¡’u sp. 2-10-1957 “¡ Np„ uS>e„rs“p fp¡S> k„õ’p“p Ly$gr‘sp X$p¡gffpe

dp„L$X$“p lõs¡ cpX$p“p dL$p“dp„ îu ‘fp¾$dtklÆcpB“p X¡$gpdp„ îu L$õsyfbp õÓurhL$pk N©l“p

L$pe®“p¡ Apf„c ’ep¡ lsp¡. Ap k„õ’p“y„ Dv¹$OpV$“ L$fsp X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ Ap k„õ’p“p L$pe®L$fp¡“¡

L$pe®d„Ó Ap‘¡gp¡ L¡$ ""bl¡“p¡“p QpqfÔe OX$sf“y„ A“¡ iug fnZ“y„ L$pd rinZ S>¡V$gy„ S> dlÒh“y„

R>¡ s¡ sd¡ kp¥ D‘pX$u ëep¡.1212121212 Ap k„õ’p“p â’d âdyM sfuL¡$ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X A“¡ d„Óu sfuL¡$

d„Sy>gpb¡““u hfZu ’B lsu. Ap k„õ’p“p¡ S>epf¡ âpf„c ’ep¡ Ðepf¡ s¡“p dpV¡$ L$pe® L$fhy„ kfm “

lsy„. Ap âL$pf“u k„õ’pA¡ âpf„c¡ Åd“Nf“u âÅdp„ L|$sylg ‘¡v$p L$ey® lsy„. kdpS>“p ê$qY$b„ “p¡’u

NyNmpsu bl¡“p¡ rhL$pkN©l“p Apîe¡ Aphhp“y„ kdpS>“p X$f“¡ gu ¡ V$pmsu lsu. ‘p¡sp“p D‘f

‘f ’sp AÐepQpf L¡$ AÞepe“¡ kl“ L$fu g¡su lsu. Apd ApS>’u 50 hj® ‘|h® õ’p‘¡gu Ap

k„õ’p dpV¡$ gp¡L$p¡dp„ Apv$f “ lsp¡. L$pd L$fhp“y„ L$qW$“ lsy„. k„õ’pA¡ kpd¡ ‘|fp¡ sfhp“y„ lsy„. ‘f„sy

k„õ’p“p âpf„c¡ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X, d„Sy>gpb¡“, “d®v$pb¡“, L¡$iycpB S>¡hp r“›$php“ L$pe®L$fp¡ dþep

lsp. s¡dZ¡ A“¡L$ dyíL¡$guAp¡“p¡ kpd“p¡ L$fu“¡ Ap L$pdNufu kpfu fus¡ bÅhu lsu.1313131313

L$p¡B ‘Z k„õ’p“p rhL$pk A“¡ kamsp dpV¡$ L$pe®v$n A“¡ L$pe®r“›$ ‘pep“p L$pe®L$fp¡“u

S>ê$f lp¡e R>¡. s¡d Ap k„õ’p“u õ’p‘“p L$pm’u X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“¡ Ap k„õ’p“y„ kyL$p“ kp¢‘hpdp„

Apìey„ lsy„. B.k. 1957 ’u 1970 ky u s¡Ap¡ Ap k„õ’p“p âdyM sfuL¡$ füp lsp. âdyML$pm

v$fçep“ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ Ap k„õ’p“¡ r“ròs ApL$pf Ap‘hp A’pN âeÐ“p¡ L$ep® lsp.

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“¡ gu ¡ Ap k„õ’p“y„ L$pe®n¡Ó kph Sy>vy$„ lp¡hp R>sp„ Ap k„õ’p ArgepbpX$p“u

N„NpS>mp rhÛp‘uW$“u crN“u k„õ’p S>¡hu b“u flu lsu.

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k„õ’p“p k„Qpg“dp„ s¡d“u k„L$ë‘“p ApNhu lsu. Aphu k„õ’pdp„ Å¡X$“pfp s’p s¡dp„

fl¡gp L$d®iugp¡“p Æh““p OX$sfdp„, S>ep„ lp¡e Ðep„’u ApNm Qpghpdp„, KQ¡ DW$hpdp„ A¡L$

âL$pf“y„ s‘p¡bm S>ê$fu R>¡. s¡“p’u ìeqL$s s’p kdÖrô$“y„ EÝh}L$fZ ’pe R>¡. Ap hps blº

ku^u-kpv$u ê$‘¡ d|L$hpdp„ s¡Ap¡ âhuZ lsp. s¡’u Aphu k„õ’pAp¡dp„ S>¡ L$p¡B L$pe®¾$dp¡ “L$L$u

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ s¡dp„ kd|l cpNuv$pfu“u cph“p Dcu L$fhp“p¡ qL$duep¡ s¡dZ¡ ip¡ u L$pY$ep¡ lsp¡.

Ap D‘fp„s kdpS>“p rhrh^ õsf“p gp¡L$p¡“¡ ‘Z Ap L$pddp„ klcpNu b“phu s¡d“u k¡hp“p¡

gpc gB“¡ s¡Ap¡“¡ kp„L$msp-kdpS>“p Sy>v$p Sy>v$p n¡Óp¡“p ApN¡hp“ “pNqfL$p¡A¡ k„õ’p“p rhL$pkdp„

apmp¡ Apàep¡ R>¡.1414141414

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“u Ap k„õ’p“p k„Qpg“dp„ buÆ rhriô$sp A¡ lsu L¡$ Ap k„õ’p

L¡$mhZu“u k„õ’p “’u. kpdprS>L$ rhjdspdp„’u S>Þd¡gu kdõepAp¡“¡ lg L$fhp dpV¡$“u k„õ’p

R>¡. s¡dp„ L$pd L$fhp“u ‘Ùrsdp„ d|ëer“›$p“¡ L¡$ÞÖdp„ fpMhp“p¡ s¡d“p¡ ApN°l lsp¡. k„õ’pdp„ Np„ u

âbp¡r^s kÐe, Atlkp, â¡d, L$fyZp BÐepqv$ NyZp¡“p¡ rhL$kphhp s’p s¡“¡ L¡$ÞÖdp„ fpMu Æh““p

EÝh}L$fZ dpV¡$ AphíeL$ s¡hu âh©rÑ A“¡ h©rÑ L¡$mhhp D‘f cpf d|L$ep¡ lsp¡.1515151515

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ k„õ’p“p ApÛâdyM sfuL¡$ k„õ’p“p A„s: L$g¡hf“¡ Qp¡L$L$k âL$pf“y„

õhê$‘ Apàey„ lsy„. k„õ’p“y„ iug bp„ u s¡“p¡ qv$ipv$p¡f s¡dZ¡ “L$L$u L$fu Apàep¡ lsp¡. kÐhNyZdeu

Ørô$“p spZphpZp’u k„õ’p“y„ ‘p¡s hÎey„ lsy„. S>¡’u k„õ’p“¡ kp[ÒhL$ õ‘i® dþep¡ lsp¡. k„õ’p“y„

Ap„sqfL$ õhê$‘ d|ëer“›$ ^p¡fZp¡eyL$s A“¡ kyØY$ b“u fl¡ s¡“¡ dpV¡$ s¡dS> k„õ’p“p k„Qpg“

dpV¡$ s¡dZ¡ L¡$V$gpL$ dpN®v$i®L$ rkÙp„sp¡ ‘Z Apàep lsp. S>¡ Ap dyS>b R>¡.

(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) k„õ’pdp„ d|ëep¡ :k„õ’pdp„ d|ëep¡ :k„õ’pdp„ d|ëep¡ :k„õ’pdp„ d|ëep¡ :k„õ’pdp„ d|ëep¡ :

k„õ’pdp„ S>¡ L„$B “p“p-dp¡V$p d|ëep¡ Åmhhp âeÐ“p¡ L$fpsp¡ lp¡e s¡ S>mhpB fl¡ s¡ dpV¡$

blpf“u L$gyrjs h©rÑAp¡“u Akf k„õ’p“¡ “ ‘lp¢Q¡ s¡d Ap‘Z¡ klºA¡ rhQpfhy„ A“¡ ApQfhy„

OV¡$. blpf“u fpNÜ¡j“u h©rÑAp¡ blpf S> fpMu“¡ Aphu k„õ’pAp¡ ‘|fsu ‘p¡sp“u âh©rÑAp¡

fpNÜ¡j¡ hNf“u fl¡ s¡d L$fhy„ Å¡BA¡. Ap‘Zu k„õ’p“¡ d“d„qv$f NZu, A¡dp„ âh¡isp“u kp’¡ S>

Ap‘Zp d““p cphp¡“¡ rhdg õhÃR> fpMhp“u Ap‘Z¡ L$pmÆ fpMhu fl¡.1616161616

(2)(2)(2)(2)(2) ìeqL$s“p¡ Apv$fìeqL$s“p¡ Apv$fìeqL$s“p¡ Apv$fìeqL$s“p¡ Apv$fìeqL$s“p¡ Apv$f1717171717 : : : : :

k„õ’p“p sdpd õsf“p L$pe®L$fp¡ hÃQ¡ Apv$fcph fl¡, v$f¡L$ L$d®Qpfu ìeqL$s sfuL¡$ kdp“

Apv$f“¡ ‘pÓ R>¡. k„õ’p“p kp’u L$d®QpfuAp¡“¡ dp“ kp’¡ bp¡gphuA¡, k„õ’p“p âdyM lp¡e,

212

Apepb¡“ lp¡e L¡$ Qp¡L$uv$pf lp¡e, L$p¡B “p“y„ “’u, L$p¡B dp¡Vy„$ “’u. b^p“¡ kdp“ cph’u Sy>Ap¡ A“¡

b^p kp’¡ kdp“ ìehlpf hs®“ fpMp¡. Ap‘Zp ipõÓL$pfp¡ ‘Z ""kÐh¡jy d¥Óu'' L$üy„ R>¡ s¡“p¡

‘Z Ap S> A’® R>¡. A¡V$g¡ Æh“ dpÓ âÐe¡ d¥Óucph X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ Ap lpv$®“¡ k„õ’p“p

ìehlpfdp„ Qqfsp’® L$fu bspìep¡ lsp¡.

(2)(2)(2)(2)(2) ‘pqfhpqfL$ cph“p :‘pqfhpqfL$ cph“p :‘pqfhpqfL$ cph“p :‘pqfhpqfL$ cph“p :‘pqfhpqfL$ cph“p :

v$f¡L$ L$d®Qpfu hÃQ¡ Ly$Vy„$b S>¡hu cph“p fl¡ A¡hp¡ õ‘i® Apàep¡ lsp¡. S>¡’u k„õ’p“y„

hpsphfZ õ“¡l’u rkQpe¡gy„ fl¡. Ap‘Zp ‘qfhpf“p¡ L$p¡B kæe vy$:Mu lp¡e sp¡ s¡“y„ vy$:M v|$f L$fhy„

A¡ Ap‘Ï„ â’d L$s®ìe R>¡. Apd s¡dZ¡ k„õ’p“p klº L$p¡B hÃQ¡ ‘qfhpf S>¡hp¡ â¡dcph fl¡ s¡hy„

k„õ’pdp„ hpsphfZ Dcy„ L$ey lsy„.

(3)(3)(3)(3)(3) k„õ’p“p k„Qpg“ L$pe®dp„ kp¥çe ‘Ùrs :k„õ’p“p k„Qpg“ L$pe®dp„ kp¥çe ‘Ùrs :k„õ’p“p k„Qpg“ L$pe®dp„ kp¥çe ‘Ùrs :k„õ’p“p k„Qpg“ L$pe®dp„ kp¥çe ‘Ùrs :k„õ’p“p k„Qpg“ L$pe®dp„ kp¥çe ‘Ùrs :

k„õ’p“p L$pe®dp„ ANÐe“p r“Z®ep¡ g¡su hMs¡ L$ep„e ApN°l L¡$ vy$fpN°l “ fpMhp¡.

d¡sc¡v$ lp¡B iL¡$, Myëgp d“’u QQp® rhQpfZp L$fhu. ‘f„sy R>¡ëg¡ r“Z®e kh®k„drs’u g¡hpe A¡

BÃR>“ue R>¡. Ap“¡ L$pfZ¡ k„õ’p“p k„QpgL$p¡ A“¡ L$pe®L$fp¡ hÃQ¡ kpd„S>õe fl¡ R>¡, A“¡ kúv$esp“y„

hpsphfZ ‘Z A“ychpe R>¡.

Ap k„õ’p“u bl¡“p¡ dpV¡$“y„ R>pÓpge Æh“ A“¡ riõs c„N“p âñp¡ hN¡f¡ bpbsp¡ A„N¡

Ap X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ dpN®v$i®“ Apàey„ lsy„. Ap k„õ’pdp„ s¡dZ¡ ‘p¡sp“y„ kÒh f¡X$ey„ lsy„. Ap k„õ’p

Np„^uÆh“ Ørô$ dyS>b OX$pe s¡ dpV¡$ s¡Ap¡ âeÐ“iug fl¡sp lsp. Ap dpV¡$ Ap k„õ’p“p

L$pe®L$sp®Ap¡dp„ AdyL$ âL$pf“u cph“p âNV¡$ A“¡ s¡d“y„ Ap¡S>k¹$ âNV¡$ s¡ dpV¡$ âeÐ“ L$fsp lsp.

Ap dpV¡$ khp£v$e rirbf, ‘qfhpf k„d¡g“ Üpfp s¡d“p ‘qfQedp„ Aphsp s’p Mpk rhjep¡ ‘f

‘qfk„hpv$ Üpfp QQp®-rhQpfZp L$fsp fl¡sp lsp.

A¡râg-1970“p rhL$pkN©l“p ‘qfhpf“p rdg“dp„ ‘p¡sp“p âhQ“dp„ S>Zpìey„ lsy„ L¡$

""Ap‘Zu sdpd âh©rÑAp¡“y„ dÝetbvy$, Ap‘Ï„ d|mc|s L$pd Ap‘Ï„ "Apîe N©l' R>¡. A¡ hps

L$epf¡e c|gpe “rl. Ap‘Zu kpfue âh©rÑAp¡, ‘R>u A¡ rinZ“u lp¡e L¡$ D^p¡N“u, k„õL$pf“u

lp¡e L¡$ kpdprS>L$ A¡ sdpd“¡ Ap‘Zp„ ApîeN©l“u bl¡“p¡ A“¡ bpmpAp¡“¡ gndp„ fpMu“¡ S>

Np¡W$hhp“u lp¡e. Ap‘Zp rinL$p¡ A“¡ L$pe®L$fp¡A¡ sp¡ kss kdpS>“p Ap L$p¡eX$pAp¡“p¡ Aæepk

L$fu“¡ s¡“p¡ DL¡$g ip¡ hp¡ füp¡. Ap‘Ï„ L$pd “ep® rinZ“y„ “’u. kdpS>dp„ dp“k ‘qfhs®““y„ R>¡

A“¡ A¡V$gp dpV¡$ S> ApîeN©l“u âh©rÑ, A¡ k„õ’p“u dÝehs} âpZ âh©rÑ R>¡.''1818181818

213

‘p¡sp“p A“¡L$ hjp£“p A“ychp¡“p Ap^pf¡ kpd|rlL$ Æh““u k„õ’p“y„ dpmMy„ L¡$hy„ lp¡hy„

Å¡BA¡ s¡ ‘p¡s¡ bp„ u Apàey„ lsy„. ApS>¡ Ap k„õ’p sm¡ bl¡“p¡“p L$ëepZ dpV¡$ A“¡L$ k„õ’pAp¡

L$pe®fs R>¡.

5.45.45.45.45.4 “hr“rd®s ‘pd¡gp kp¥fpô²$ A“¡ NyS>fps fpS>e“p L¡$mhZu“p ìehõ’p‘L$ sfuL¡$ :“hr“rd®s ‘pd¡gp kp¥fpô²$ A“¡ NyS>fps fpS>e“p L¡$mhZu“p ìehõ’p‘L$ sfuL¡$ :“hr“rd®s ‘pd¡gp kp¥fpô²$ A“¡ NyS>fps fpS>e“p L¡$mhZu“p ìehõ’p‘L$ sfuL¡$ :“hr“rd®s ‘pd¡gp kp¥fpô²$ A“¡ NyS>fps fpS>e“p L¡$mhZu“p ìehõ’p‘L$ sfuL¡$ :“hr“rd®s ‘pd¡gp kp¥fpô²$ A“¡ NyS>fps fpS>e“p L¡$mhZu“p ìehõ’p‘L$ sfuL¡$ :

kp¥fpô²$ A“¡ ‘R>u NyS>fps fpS>e“u fQ“p ’sp L¡$mhZu“p dpmMp“¡ r“ròs ApL$pf

Ap‘hp dpV¡$ Apep¡rS>s rhrh^ k„d¡g“p¡ L¡$ krdrsAp¡dp„ Å¡X$pB“¡ rinZ“u ep¡S>“pAp¡“¡ ApL$pf

Ap‘hpdp„ dlÒh“u c|rdL$p cS>hu lsu.

rinZ“u Ørô$A¡ NyS>fps“p AÞe âv$¡ip¡“u kfMpdZudp„ kp¥fpô²$ ‘R>ps lsy„. kp¥fpô²$

fpS>e“u fQ“p ’ep ‘R>u kp¥fpô²$“p rinZ“p rhL$pk dpV¡$ kfL$pf sfa’u âeÐ“p¡ L$fhpdp„

Apìep lsp. kp¥fpô²$“p L¡$mhZuL$pfp¡ Üpfp kp¥fpô²$“p rinZ“p rhL$pk dpV¡$ 31 dpQ® 1957 dp„

kp¥fpô²$ L$ÃR> L¡$mhZu d„X$m“u õ’p‘“p L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap L¡$mhZu d„X$m“u õ’p‘“pdp„

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ OZp¡ îd gu^p¡ lsp¡. Ap d„X$m Üpfp s¡dZ¡ kp¥fpô²$“u rb“ kfL$pfu i¥nrZL$

k„õ’pAp¡“y„ k„NW$“ L$fu s¡d“¡ kp’, klL$pf A“¡ dpN®v$i®“ Ap‘hp“y„ L$pd D‘pX$ey„ lsy„. 3, 4

“h¡çbf, 1957“p fp¡S> kp¥fpô²$ L$ÃR> L¡$mhZu d„X$m Üpfp fpS>L$p¡V$“u hufpZu lpBõL|$gdp„ rinZ

k„d¡g““y„ Apep¡S>“ ’ey„ lsy„. Ap k„d¡g“dp„ kp¥fpô²$“y„ ‘|h® âp’rdL$’u DÃQ rinZ ky u“y„

dpmMy„ s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ lsy„. Ap dpmMy„ s¥epf L$fhpdp„ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“p¡ apmp¡ dlÒh“p¡

lsp¡.1919191919

d¡, 1960 dp„ NyS>fps fpS>e“u õ’p‘“p ’B lsu Ðepf¡ NyS>fps“u âp’rdL$’u DÃQ

rinZ ky u“u L¡$mhZu“p¡ kyf¡M ApL$pf Ap‘hp“p¡ Ap¡fsp¡ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“p d“dp„ ÅÁep¡

lsp¡ s¡A¡pA¡ îu bmh„sfpe dl¡sp A“¡ îu DR>„Nfpe Y¡$bf“u A“ydsu d¡mhu“¡ NyS>fps fpS>e“p

AN°Zu L¡$mhZuL$pfp¡“y„ A¡L$ k„d¡g“ îu l.L$p.ApV®$k L$p¡g¡S>, Adv$phpv$dp„ îu L$pL$pkpl¡b

L$pg¡gL$f“p âdyM‘v$¡ Apep¡rS>s L$ey® lsy„.2020202020 Ap k„d¡g“dp„ L¡$mhZuL$pfp¡A¡ S|>’p¡dp„ hl¢QpB“¡

ÓZ qv$hk ky u QQp® rhQpfZp L$fu lsu A“¡ s¡“p amê$‘¡ S|>’hpf s¥epf ’e¡gp Al¡hpg“¡

k„L$rgs L$fhp A¡L$ k„L$g“ krdrs ‘Z fQhpdp„ Aphu lsu. X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ r“rh®rnàs rQÑ¡

Ap Al¡hpg s¥epf ’pe s¡ dpV¡$ Al¡hpg“p OX$h¥epAp¡“¡ AguApbpX$p r“d„ÓZ Apàey„ lsy„.2121212121

Apd A¡d“p dpN®v$i®“ “uQ¡ Ap ApMp¡ fu‘p¡V®$ s¥epf ’ep¡ lsp¡. 8 Ap¡L$V$p¡bf 1960“p fp¡S> îu

DR>f„Nfpe Y¡$bf“p âdyM‘¡v$ Ap s¥epf ’e¡gp Al¡hpg“u rhQpfZp A“¡ õhuL$pf L$fhp dpV¡$

214

Arhr^kf“p k„d¡g““u R>¡ëgu b¡W$L$ dmu lsu. Ap b¡W$L$dp„ DrQs a¡fapfp¡ kp’¡ Ap Al¡hpg

dpÞe fp¿ep¡ lsp¡. Ap Al¡hpg âNV$ ’ep¡ Ðepf¡ s¡“¡ b^p fpS>ep¡“p L¡$mhZuL$pfp¡“p¡ AphL$pf

dþep¡ lsp¡.2222222222 Ap Al¡hpg“p OX$sfdp„ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“p¡ apmp¡ L$p¡B “p“p¡ k|“p¡ “ lsp¡. NyS>fps“p

rinZ“p Brslpkdp„ Ap k„d¡g““u L$pe®hplu A¡L$ ES>my„ âL$fZ NZpi¡.

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ B.k. 1953 ’u ArgApbpX$p ApSy>bpSy>“p N°pçe rhõspfp¡“¡ ‘p¡sp“y„

L$pe®n¡Ó b“pìey„ lsy„. Ap kde¡ Åd“Nf L¡$mhZu“u Ørô$A¡ M|b ‘R>ps lsy„. DÃQ L¡$mhZu

dpV¡$“u L$p¡B k„õ’p “ lsu. s¡’u X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ AÞe ApN¡hp“p¡“p klL$pf’u Åd“Nf rS>ëgpdp„

klL$pfu ^p¡fZ¡ rinZ k„õ’pAp¡ rhL$k¡ s¡ dpV¡$ âeÐ“iug bÞep lsp. s¡Ap¡ dp“sp lsp L¡$

âÅA¡ L¡$mhZu“u k„õ’pAp¡ ‘p¡s¡ Qgphhu Å¡BA¡ A“¡ kfL$pf¡ s¡d“p¡ V¡$L$p¡ Ap‘hp¡ Å¡BA¡.

spgyL$p A“¡ Npdp¡dp„ ‘|h® âp’rdL$ s’p dpÝerdL$ ipmpAp¡ Qgph“pfp„ d„X$mp¡ lp¡hp Å¡BA¡.

âp’rdL$ rinZ rS>ëgp ‘„Qpes L$npA¡ ‘Z Apr’®L$ fus¡ õhs„Ó lp¡hy„ Å¡BA¡. spgyL$p s’p

rS>ëgp L$npA¡ Aphu rb“kfL$pfu k„õ’pAp¡“p d„X$mp¡ fQphp„ Å¡BA¡. Ap d„X$mp¡ Üpfp ipmpAp¡“y„

k„Qpg“ ’hy„ Å¡BA¡. Ap rhQpfkfZu’u â¡fpB“¡ kp¥fpô²$-NyS>fpsdp„ S>ep„ L$p¡B s¡d“u kgpl L¡$

dv$v$ dpN¡ Ðepf¡ b^u fus¡ s¡d“¡ klpe L$fsp A“¡ ‘p¡sp“y„ S> L$pd lp¡e s¡d dp’¡ gB g¡sp lsp.

bpgd„qv$f L¡$ âp’rdL$ ipmp iê$ L$fhp“u lp¡e L¡$ eyr“hrk®V$u-A¡L$V$“u rhNsp¡ s¥epf L$fhp“u lp¡e

s¡d“¡ d“ A¡ L$pd“u ANÐesp A¡L$ kfMu lsu.2323232323

Åd“Nf rS>ëgp õL|$g bp¡X®$“p âdyM sfuL¡$ âp’rdL$ rinZ“p rhL$pk dpV¡$ NpdX¡$-

NpdX¡$ afsp A“¡ rinL$p¡“p, N°pdL$pe®L$fp¡“p k„‘L®$dp„ Aphu“¡ OZp v$pspAp¡“u dv$v$’u NpdX$pAp¡dp„

âp’rdL$ ipmpAp¡ iê$ L$fphu A“¡ s¡“p dL$p““y„ bp„ L$pd ‘Z L$fpìey„ lsy„.2424242424 Åd“Nf il¡fdp„

i¥nrZL$ k„õ’pAp¡ blº Ap¡R>u lsu Ðepf¡ îu L$p„rsgpg ‘u. ipl“u dv$v$’u s¡Ap¡A¡ B.k. 1956

dp„ îu rhÛp¡s¡S>L$ d„X$m“u õ’p‘“p L$fu lsu. Ap d„X$m“p s¡Ap¡ õ’p‘“pL$pm’u B.k. 1966

ky u âdyM füp lsp.2525252525 Ap d„X$m Üpfp s¡Ap¡A¡ bpgd„qv$f’u dp„X$u“¡ L$p¡g¡S> ky u“u k„õ’pAp¡

iê$ L$fhpdp„ OZp¡ ANÐe“p¡ apmp¡ Apàep¡ lsp¡. Ap k„õ’p“p âdyM sfuL¡$ s¡dZ¡ Ap k„õ’pdp„

L¡$V$guL$ rhriô$ ‘f„‘fpAp¡ õ’p‘u lsu.2626262626 ApS>¡ ‘Z Ap k„õ’p bpgd„qv$f’u dp„X$u“¡ L$p¡g¡S>

rinZ ky u A¡L$ hV$h©n“u S>¡d L$pe®fs R>¡.

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“p âeÐ“p¡“¡ gu ¡ Åd“Nf“p Apr’®L$ fus¡ ‘R>ps L$ÞepAp¡“p, L¡$mhZu“p

rhL$pk dpV¡$ B.k. 1965dp„ îu fs“bpB L$Þep rhÛpge iê$ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.2727272727

215

B.k. 1968 ‘R>u v$¡i, fpS>e, rS>ëgp A“¡ spgyL$p L$npA¡ S>¡ ‘np‘nu“p fpS>L$pfZ¡ S>¡

rhX„$b“p Dcu L$fu lsu s¡“u Akf i¥nrZL$ k„õ’pAp¡ D‘f ‘X$hp gpNu lsu. s¡ bpbs’u

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X M|b tQrss lsp. NyS>fpsdp„ Apîdu p¡fZ¡ Qpgsu k„õ’pAp¡ Aphp fpS>L$pfZ’u

dyL$s fpMhp dpV¡$ s¡dZ¡ b^u S> k„õ’pAp¡“¡ s¡dZ¡ ‘Óp¡ g¿ep lsp. s¡dp„ s¡dZ¡ g¿ey„ lsy„ L¡$ Ap

k„v$c®dp„ Ap‘Zu S>¡ L$p¡B rinZ“u L¡$ kdpS> k¡hp“u k„õ’pAp¡ R>¡ s¡, S>¡hu R>¡ s¡hu, Ap‘Zp

“p“p Apîdp¡ S>¡hu R>¡ s¡d kdÆ“¡, Aphu„ k„õ’pAp¡ S>¡ L„$B “p“p dp¡V$p„ d|ëep¡ Åmhhp âeÐ“

L$fsu lp¡e s¡ Ðep„ S>mhpB fl¡ dpV¡$, blpf“u L$gyrjs h©rÑAp¡“u Akf Aphu k„õ’pAp¡“¡ “

‘lp¢Q¡ s¡d Ap‘Z¡ kp¥A¡ rhQpfhy„ A“¡ ApQfhy„ OV¡$. F>rjdyr““p Apîddp„ S>¡d hpO-bL$fu

hÃQ¡“y„ h¡f c|gpB Åe R>¡ s¡d Ap‘Zu Aphu k„õ’pAp¡dp„ Ap‘Z¡ S>¡ L$p¡B L$pd L$fsp lp¡BA¡

s¡dZ¡ blpf“u fpNÜ¡j“u h©rÑAp¡“¡ blpf S> fpMu“¡, Aphu k„õ’pAp¡ ‘|fsu ‘p¡sp“u âh©rÑAp¡

fpNÜ¡j hNf“u fl¡ s¡d L$fhy„ Å¡BA¡.''2828282828

Ap ‘Ó“p A“yk„ p“dp„ îu X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ sp. 15-2-1970“p fp¡S> N„NpS>mp rh^p‘uW$,

AguApbpX$p dyL$pd¡ kp¥fpô²$“u ÅZusu kpdprS>L$ s’p i¥nrZL$ k„õ’pAp¡“y„ k„d¡g“ bp¡gpìey„

lsy„. Ap k„d¡g““u QQp®dp„ Aphu k„õ’pAp¡“¡ bpü Ap¾$dZp¡’u dyL$s fpMhp dpV¡$ iy„ L$fhy„

Å¡BA¡, L¡$d hs®hy„ Å¡BA¡ s’p k„õ’p“y„ kÒh L¡$d Åmhu fpMhy„ Å¡BA¡ s¡ dpV¡$ L¡$V$gpL$ dpN®v$i®L$

W$fphp¡ L$ep® lsp.2929292929 A“¡ NyS>fps“u ArN°d L¡$mhZu“u k„õ’pAp¡“¡ dp¡L$gpìep lsp. ‘R>u“p

âhplp¡A¡ s¡d“u Ap hps L¡$V$gu kpQu lsu s¡“u kpnu ‘|f¡ R>¡.

Ap W$fphp¡ Ap dyS>b lsp.3030303030

1. Ap‘Zp k„QpgL$ d„X$m“p L¡$V$gpL$ kæep¡ kq¾$e fpS>L$pfZdp„ ‘X¡$gp lp¡e s¡ õhpcprhL$

R>¡, ‘Z blpf“u ‘np‘nu L¡$ fpNÜ¡j k„õ’pAp¡dp„ Aphsp v$¡Mpe sp¡ s¡“u Mpmhp“u

iqL$s k„õ’p“p L$pe®L$fp¡A¡ L¡$mh¡gu lp¡hu Å¡BA¡.

2. k„õ’pdp„ âÐen L$pd L$fsu ìeqL$sAp¡ AÛs“ fpS>L$ue kpdprS>L$ s¡dS> Apr’®L$ âhplp¡“p¡

Aæepk L$f¡, s¡“p D‘f QQp® L$fu A“¡ ep¡Áe d|ëep¡ kdÆ g¡ s¡ S>ê$fu R>¡, ‘Z s¡Ap¡

kq¾$e fpS>L$pfZdp„ ‘X¡$ s¡ S>ê$fu gpNsy„ “’u.

3. blpf“p fpS>L$pfZ“u Akf’u k„õ’p Ny„Qhpe R>¡ A¡d S>Zpe Ðepf¡ s¡“¡ dpN®v$i®“

Ap‘u iL¡$ s¡hu b¡-ÓZ Ar^L$pfu ìeqL$sAp¡“u krdrs fQhu Å¡BA¡.

216

4. fpS>L$ue ‘np¡ ‘p¡s-‘p¡sp“p Sy>v$p Sy>v$p Ýe¡ep¡“¡ A“¡ rhQpfkfZu“p¡ âQpf L$fsp lp¡e

Ðepf¡ Aphu k„õ’p, fpS>L$ue dpmMp’u Argàs flu“¡ dsv$pfp¡“¡ rinZ Ap‘hp“p¡ A“¡

‘p¡sp“u Apk‘pk“p kdpS>“¡ gp¡L$iplu“u Ørô$A¡ Ap‘Zp k„rh^p““u kdS>Z

Ap‘hp“p¡ A“¡ ep¡Áe d|ëep¡“u Ørô$A¡ L¡$mhZu Ap‘hp“p¡ ^d® õhuL$pf¡ s¡ S>ê$fu gpN¡

R>¡.

5. k„õ’p“p L$pe®L$fp¡ ‘p¡sp“p QpqfÔe A“¡ iyqÙ“p âcph’u A¡hy„ bm L¡$mh¡ L¡$ S>¡’u

ApSy>bpSy>“p¡ kdpS> k„õ’p“¡ “¥rsL$ bm“u â¡fZp d¡mhhp“y„ A¡L$ L¡$ÞÖ NZsp¡ ’pe.

hs®dp“ kde“p L$gyrjs hpsphfZ’u Apîdu ^p¡fZ¡ Qpgsu k„õ’pAp¡ s¡“p’u dyL$s

fl¡ A“¡ s¡ ‘p¡sp“u ‘f„‘fp Åmhu fpMu s¡ A„N¡ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“¡ L¡$V$gu spgph¡gu lsu s¡ Ap

k„d¡g“ A“¡ s¡“p W$fphp¡’u ¿epg Aph¡ R>¡.

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$Xdp„ fl¡gy„ dp“hue sÒh sp¡ i¥nrZL$ k„õ’pAp¡“p k„Qpg“dp„ ‘|f¡ ‘|fy„

âNV$ ’sy„ lsy„. ‘R>u sp¡ NyS>fpsu AÝep‘L$ k„O lp¡e L¡$ L$p¡B ‘Z i¥nrZL$ k„õ’pAp¡ ‘f“y„ tQs“

L$fhp“y„ lp¡e s¡ v$f¡L$ bpbsdp„ TuZhV$‘|h®L$ rhQpfsp A“¡ Ap A„N¡ dpN®v$i®“ Ap‘sp lsp. Ap

A„N¡ îu lfcpB rÓh¡v$u “p¢ ¡ R>¡ L¡$ ""b©lv$ dy„bB fpS>e“u fQ“p ’ep ‘R>u fpS>e kfL$pf¡

rinZ“u ‘y“:fQ“p dpV¡$ ÅsÅs“u krdrsAp¡ fQ¡gu A“¡ s¡dp„ kp’¡ flu“¡ L$pd L$fhp“u d“¡

S>¡ sL$ dmu lsu s¡dp„ lº„ Å¡B iL$ep¡ L¡$ A¡d“u dp¥rgL$ rhQpf L$fhp“u iqL$s A“¡L$ âk„Np¡dp„ kp¡m¡

L$mpA¡ Mugu DW$su A“¡ krdrs“p L$pd“¡ pep£ hmp„L$ Ap‘hpdp„ cpf¡ klpec|s b“su lsu.''3131313131

Apd s¡d“u L$pdNufu A“¡ L$pe®i¥gu“¡ L$pfZ¡ S>¡ dpÓ kÑf-AY$pf hj®“u V|„$L$pNpmpdp„ NyS>fps“p

A¡L$ R>¡X$p’u buÅ R>¡X$p ky u s¡A¡p NyS>fps“p ArN°d L¡$mhZuL$pf sfuL¡$ ¿eprs ‘pçep lsp.

L¡$mhZu rhi¡“p A¡d“p ‘p¡sp“p rhQpfp¡“u dp¥rgL$sp kp’¡, rhi¡j L$fu“¡ i¥nrZL$ k„õ’pAp¡“¡

s¡S>õhu b“phu s¡dS> ‘p¡sp“p ApQpf A“¡ rhQpf’u Aphu k„õ’pAp¡“¡ s¡dZ¡ AÝepÐd“p¡

õ‘i® Apàep¡ lsp¡. A¡S> X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“y„ i¥nrZL$ n¡Ó¡ î¡›$ âv$p“ NZu iL$pe.

5.55.55.55.55.5 rhrh^ ‘qfjv$p¡“p âdyM sfuL¡$ :rhrh^ ‘qfjv$p¡“p âdyM sfuL¡$ :rhrh^ ‘qfjv$p¡“p âdyM sfuL¡$ :rhrh^ ‘qfjv$p¡“p âdyM sfuL¡$ :rhrh^ ‘qfjv$p¡“p âdyM sfuL¡$ :

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“y„ kprlÐe, Brslpk A“¡ L¡$mhZu n¡Ó“u k¡hpAp¡“¡ Ýep“dp„ fpMu“¡

Ap rhje“u ‘qfjv$p¡dp„ s¡d“u âdyM‘v$¡ hfZu L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

(1) B.k. 1905dp„ îu fZÆsfpd hphpcpB Üpfp NyS>fps kprlÐe ‘qfjv$“u õ’p‘“p ’B

lsu. s¡“y„ â’d Ar^h¡i“ B.k. 1905 dp„ îu Np¡h ®“fpd rÓ‘pW$u“p âdyM‘v$¡ cfpey„

217

lsy„. A¡ ‘R>u v$f hj£ Ap ‘qfjv$“p Ar^h¡i““y„ Apep¡S>“ ’sy„ lsy„. NyS>fpsu kprlÐe

‘qfjv$“y„ 18dy„ k„d¡g“ sp. 28, 29, 30 “h¡çbf, 1952“p„ fp¡S> “hkpfu dyL$pd¡ îu

lfrkqÙcpB qv$h¡V$uep âdyM‘v$¡ Apep¡S>“ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ lsy„. Ap ‘qfjv$“p kprlÐe

A“¡ L$gp rhcpN“p rhcpNue âdyM sfuL¡$ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“u hfZu ’B lsu.3232323232 Ap

kde¡ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X NyS>fpsu kprlÐe“p âMf rhh¡QL$ sfuL¡$ ÅZusp lsp. s¡’u S>

s¡d“¡ Ap blºdp“ cey® kÞdp“ dþey„ lsy„. Ap rhcpN“p âdyM sfuL¡$ kprlÐe rhh¡Q“dp„

"L$pìe-L$gp“u kh®sp¡dyrMsp¡' rhje ‘f ìep¿ep“ Apàey„ lsy„. kdN° ìep¿ep““p A„s¡

s¡Ap¡A¡ S>Zpìey„ lsy„ L¡$ ""¼gprhh¡Q“dp„ dpÓ fk“¡ bv$g¡ Ýhr““¡ L¡$ÞÖõ’p“¡ fpMu“¡

Ap‘Zp ApMp rhh¡Q““u, A¡“p„ A„Np¡‘p„Ndp„ Dsfu“¡ Ap‘Z¡ S>epf¡ ‘y“:ârs›$p L$fiy„

Ðepf¡ S> Ap‘Z¡ A¡ rhh¡Q““u “L$L$f c|rdL$p D‘f dyL$u iL$uiy„ A“¡ Ðepf¡ S> Ap‘Z¡ s¡

ApÐdp“u L$gp R>¡ A¡ kÐe kdN°sep kdS>sp ’iy„.''3333333333

(2) NyS>fpsdp„ “B spgud“u âh©rÑ“¡ Æh„s b“phhp dpV¡$ B.k. 1948dp„ Sy>NsfpdcpB,

L$pL$pkpl¡b L$pg¡gL$f, “p“pcpB Üpfp “B spgud k„O“u õ’p‘“p L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

Ap k„O L¡$mhZu N°pdk„õL©$rs ‘p¡jL$, õhphg„bu, îdâ^p“ A“¡ kdp“sp“p ^p¡fZ

fQpe s¡ dpV¡$ âh©rsiug bÞep¡. Ap k„O Üpfp v$f hj£ “B spgud“¡ hf¡gu k„õ’pdp„

Ar^h¡i““y„ Apep¡S>“ ’sy„ lsy„.

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“¡ “B spgud“u qagp¡kp¡audp„ A¡“p rkÙp„sp¡dp„ A“¡ ìehlpfdp„ îÝ^p

A“¡ KX$p¡ fk lsp¡. N„NpS>mp rh^p‘uW$dp„ rinZ“p S>¡ âep¡Np¡ L$ep® lsp s¡dp„ Np„^uÆ“u

byr“epv$u spgud kp’¡“p¡ kdÞhe s¡Ap¡A¡ L$ep£ lsp¡. Ap Afkpdp„ kp¥fpô²$ A“¡ NyS>fpsdp„ “B

spgud“u k„õ’pAp¡ âp’rdL$ L$np’u dp„X$u“¡ DÃQrhÛp ky u“u õ’p‘“p A“¡ [õ’f ’hp gpNu

lsu. s¡ b^u k„õ’pAp¡ kp’¡ ‘Z X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“¡ NpY$ A“¡ ApÐduespcep£ k„b„ p¡ lsp. Ap

A„N¡ bbgcpB dl¡sp “p¢ ¡ R>¡ L¡$ ""byr“epv$u, DÑf byr“epv$u L¡$ DÑd byr“epv$u“y„ “pd gu^p

rh“p L¡$mhZu“p Qpgy Aæepk¾$ddp„ S> Np„ u QuÝep„ d|ëep¡ Dcp L$fhp“p¡ A¡d“p¡ A‘|h® âepk

lsp¡. A¡’u sp¡ A¡ “Bspgud k„O“p âdyM ‘Z Qy„V$pep lsp.''3434343434

sp. 13-1-1968 “p fp¡S> Ap¡spqfep dyL$pd¡ cfpe¡gp NyS>fps “B spgud k„O“p bpfdp

Ar^h¡i““p âdyM sfuL¡$ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“u r“dÏ„L$ ’B lsu.3535353535 Ap Ar^h¡i““p âdyMue

âhQ“dp„ s¡Ap¡A¡ kdL$pgu“ NyS>fpsdp„ “B spgud“u âh©rÑ“u S>¡ ‘qf[õ’rs lsu s¡“p¡ rQspf

218

fS|> L$fu“¡ Ap âh©rÑ“¡ afu hMs Æh„s b“phhp dpV¡$ L¡$hp ‘Ngp„ g¡hp Å¡BA¡ s¡ A„N¡ k|Q“p¡

L$ep£ lsp. Ap ìep¿ep“dp„ s¡d“p¡ â^p“k|f A¡ lsp¡ L¡$ õ’pr‘s L¡$mhZudp„ “B spgud“p sÒhp¡

h y“¡ h y âh¡i¡, A¡ qv$ipdp„ âeÐ“p¡ ’hp“u S>ê$f R>¡. L$p¡W$pfu L$rdi““u cgpdZdp„ “B spgud“p

rkÙp„sp¡“p¡ õhuL$pf W$uL$ W$uL$ âdpZdp„ ’e¡gp¡ R>¡ s¡ hps s¡dZ¡ X$p®. Æ.A¡“.L$p¥g“p gMpdZp„“p¡

A¡L$ Dspfp¡ Ap‘u“¡ bspìey„ R>¡. s¡d R>sp„ s¡Ap¡“p ¿epgdp„ A¡ hps R>¡ L¡$ “B spgud“u ‘pR>m“y„

dp¡V$pcpN“y„ Æh“v$i®“ A¡L$ Sy>v$u S> c|rdL$p ‘f“y„ R>¡. S>¡“p¡ õhuL$pf L$p¡W$pfu L$rdi“¡ L$ep£ “’u.3636363636

Ap ìep¿ep“dp„ s¡Ap¡A¡ b¡ dlÒh“u bpbs ‘f cpf d|L$ep¡ lsp¡.3737373737 A¡L$ rinZ“y„

Apep¡S>“ A¡hu fus¡ ’hy„ Å¡BA¡ L¡$ S>¡dp„ op“ A“¡ L$d® b„“¡ A¡L$buÅ“¡ kp’¡ ArcÞ“‘Z¡

Å¡X$pB“¡ Æh““¡ A¡L$ b“ph¡. L$d® op“‘|s b“¡ A“¡ op“ L$d®gnu b“¡ A¡hu L¡$mhZu Ap‘hp

sfa h y“¡ h y gn A‘phy„ Å¡BA¡.

buÆ bpbs s¡dZ¡ A¡ L$lu L¡$ Å¡ “B spgud AtlkL$ kdpS>fQ“p“p dpN£ gB S>hp

dpV¡$“y„ A¡L$ bmhp“ kp^“ R>¡. A¡d Ap‘Z¡ dp“uA¡ R>uA¡ sp¡ Ap‘Zp kdN° rinZ“p

hpsphfZddp„ Atlkp“u kyN„ ap¡fhu Å¡BA¡. Atlkpdp„ fl¡gu kyN„ S> “rl ‘Z s¡dp„ fl¡gu

iqL$s ‘Z âNV$ ’hu Å¡BA¡.

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X dp“sp lsp L¡$ Ap “B spgud“u L¡$mhZu S>epf¡ iê$ ’B Ðepf¡ L¡$mhZuL$pfp¡

s¡“¡ õhuL$pfu“¡ s¡“y„ dpmMy„ OX$hpdp„ d„X$u ‘X$ep ‘Z A¡“u ‘pR>m“p¡ rhQpf “¡ gp¡L$p¡“¡ kdÅhhp“y„

L$pd L$ey® “rl. ‘qfZpd¡ Ap “hp rhQpf“¡ Tughp gp¡L$dp“k s¥epf ’ey„ “l]. Ap “Bspgud“u

ep¡S>“p“y„ AdguL$fZ L¡$hu fus¡ L$fhy„ Å¡BA¡ s¡ A„N¡ ‘p¡s¡ Ap ìep¿ep“dp„ S>Zph¡ R>¡ L¡$, ""“hp

rhQpfp¡“¡ Tugsp„ gp¡L$p¡“¡ hpf gpN¡ R>¡. ‘p¡sp“p ê$Y$ rhQpfp¡“¡ bv$gphhp gp¡L$p¡ s¥epf lp¡sp “’u.

s¡’u “hp rhQpfp¡“¡ Adgdp„ d|L$sp„ ‘l¡gp, rhQpfâQpf“u A¡L$ c|rdL$p Aphhu Å¡BA¡ A“¡ s¡“p¡

Npmp¡ W$uL$ W$uL$ gp„bp¡ fl¡hp¡ Å¡BA¡... S>¡d S>¡d âÅdp“k Ap “hp rhQpfp¡“¡ õhuL$pfhp s¥epf

’sy„ Åe s¡d s¡d A¡ rhQpf“y„ ApQpfdp„ rhõsfZ L$fsp„ S>hy„ Å¡BA¡. Ap‘Z¡ Apd L$ey® “rl A“¡

A¡L$ kp’¡ ipmpAp¡“¡ byr“epv$u L$fu “pMhp“p dp¡ldp„ ‘X$ep. ‘qfZpd¡ ApMp¡ rhQpf Å¡Mddp„

d|L$pep¡.''3838383838

Ap ìep¿ep“ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“p A“¡L$ hj®“p byr“epv$u rinZ“p A“ychp¡“p r“óL$j®ê$‘

lsy„.

219

Ap¡L$V$p¡bf 1961dp„ îu“Nf Mps¡ ep¡Åe¡g Ap¡qfA¡ÞV$g L$p¡ÞafÞk“p A¡L$hukdp

Ar^h¡i““p Brslpk rhcpN“p âdyM sfuL¡$ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“u hfZu ’B lsu. Ap Ar^h¡i““p

âdyMue ìep¿ep“dp„ s¡Ap¡A¡ ‘Studies in puranic history, Genealogies and chronology

in modern times’ rhje A„sN®s Ap yr“L$ kdedp„ ‘p¥fprZL$ kprlÐe ‘f ’e¡gp k„ip¡ ““u

ê$‘f¡Mp Ap‘u lsu.3939393939

N„NpS>mp rhÛp‘uW$“u õ’p‘“p ‘R>u kp¥fpô²$“p âpv$¡riL$ Brslpk“p g¡M“ A“¡ k„ip¡ “

n¡Ó¡ s¡Ap¡ L$pe®fs bÞep lsp. kp¥fpô²$ eyr“hrk®V$u“p Ly$g‘rs bÞep bpv$ s¡d“u rhi¡j S>hpbv$pfu

NZu“¡ kp¥fpô²$“p Brslpk g¡M“-k„ip¡ “ dpV¡$ A“¡L$ ep¡S>“pA¡p OX$u L$pY$u lsu. Ap kde¡

s¡Ap¡A¡ Brslpk“p A¡L$ kpfp k„ip¡ L$ sfuL¡$ “pd“p d¡mhu lsu. s¡’u S> B.k. 1960dp„

NyS>fps Brslpk ‘qfjv$“u õ’p‘“p ’B Ðepf’u X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X A¡d“p âdyM b“¡ A¡hu A¡“p

A“¡L$ kæep¡“u BÃR>p lsu. ‘f„sy AÞe L$pep£“p cpfZ“¡ gu ¡ s¡Ap¡ Ap A„N¡ kldsu Ap‘sp “

lsp.4040404040

NyS>fps Brslpk ‘qfjv$“y„ ‘p„Qdy„ Ar^h¡i“ sp. 28 a¡b°yApfu’u 1 dpQ®, 1970 “p

fp¡S> ksuiQ„Ö rdîp“p âdyM õ’p“¡ fpS>L$p¡V$ dyL$pd¡ cfpey„ lsy„. Ap Ar^h¡i““p Apep¡S>“

‘pR>m X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“y„ S> ‘uW$bm lsy„. X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ Ap Ar^h¡i“ b¡ qv$hk Qpg¡ A¡hy„

k|Q“ L$ey® lsy„. Apd s¡Ap¡ Ap Ar^h¡i“’u b¡ qv$hk Ar^h¡i“ Qpg¡ A¡hu A¡L$ “hu ‘f„‘fp

Dcu L$fu lsu. Ap kde¡ s¡Ap¡ Ly$g‘rs‘v$“u S>hpbv$pfu hÃQ¡ Ap Ar^h¡i“ dpV¡$ ‘|fp¡ kde

L$pY$u“¡ ‘yfpsÒh“y„ âv$i®“ ep¡S>ey„ lsy„. Ly$g‘rs X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ Ap Ar^h¡i““p Dv¹$OpV$“ âhQ“dp„

S>Zpìey„ lsy„ L¡$ "Brslpkdp„ OÏ„ L$pd L$fhp“y„ bpL$u R>¡. kp¥fpô²$ eyr“hrk®V$u“p S>Þd bpv$ A¡hp¡

rhQpf Apìep¡ L¡$ kp¥fpô²$“p¡ ApNhp¡ Brslpk gMphp¡ Å¡BA¡. Ap âL$pf“p Brslpk g¡M“ dpV¡$

kp¥fpô²$ eyr“hrk®V$uA¡ L$pd iê$ L$fu v$u y„ R>¡. kp¥fpô²$“p¡ Brslpk A“¡L$ fpS>h„ip¡’u cf¡gp¡ R>¡. Ap

fpS>h„ip¡“u L¡$V$guL$ rhNsp¡ bpfp¡V$“p Qp¡‘X$pdp„’u âpàs ’B iL¡$ R>¡. fpS>e“p v$asfp¡ ‘Z Ap

n¡Ódp„ OZu dv$v$ L$fu iL¡$ A¡d R>¡. Ap D‘fp„s kp¥fpô²$“p Npd¡Npd S>¡ ‘prmepAp¡ ‘X¡$gp R>¡ s¡“u

“p¢ ‘Z ìeh[õ’s fus¡ g¡hphu Å¡BA¡.''4141414141 Ap D‘fp„s X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ kp¥fpô²$“p Brslpk“p

L¡$V$gpL$ hZDL¡$ëep âñp¡ sfa Brslpkrhv$p¡“y„ Ýep“ v$p¡ey® lsy„ A“¡ kp’¡ b¡ku“¡ s¡“p¡ DL¡$g

ip¡ hp“p¡ A“yfp¡ L$ep£ lsp¡.

220

Ap Ar^h¡i““p buÅ qv$hk¡ s¡Ap¡A¡ "kp¥fpô²$“p Brslpk k„ip¡^“dp„ bpfp¡V$p¡“p

Qp¡‘X$pAp¡“y„ d|ëe' A¡ rhje ‘f ‘p¡sp“p¡ r“b„ fS|> L$fu bpfp¡V$p¡“p Qp¡‘X$pdp„“u kpdN°u“¡ Brslpk-

k„ip¡ “dp„ L¡$hu fus¡ rhr“ep¡N L$fu iL$pe s¡ A„N¡ rhNs¡ kdÅìey„ lsy„.4242424242 Ap Ar^h¡i“ ‘R>u

B.k. 1970-72 ky u ApNpdu b¡ hj® dpV¡$ NyS>fps Brslpk ‘qfjv$“p âdyM sfuL¡$ A¡d“u

hfZu L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.4343434343 ‘f„sy Ap ‘qfjv$“¡ s¡d“y„ dpN®v$i®“ s’p âdyM sfuL¡$“p ìep¿ep““p¡

gpc dm¡ s¡ ‘l¡gp s¡Ap¡ Ahkp“ ‘pçep lsp.

5.65.65.65.65.6 kpdreL$p¡“p s„Óu sfuL¡$ :kpdreL$p¡“p s„Óu sfuL¡$ :kpdreL$p¡“p s„Óu sfuL¡$ :kpdreL$p¡“p s„Óu sfuL¡$ :kpdreL$p¡“p s„Óu sfuL¡$ :

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ L$fp„Qu“p hkhpV$L$pm v$fçep“ "Erd®' A“¡ "“pNqfL$' dprkL$“y„ k„‘pv$“

lp’ ^ey® lsy„. B.k. 1930dp„ L$fp„Qudp„ îu d|mi„L$fcpBA¡ "Erd®' kpdreL$ iê$ L$ey® lsy„. îu

BÞvy$gpg Np„ uA¡ A¡“y„ k„‘pv$“ lp’ ^ey® lsy„. A¡ ‘R>u X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X, chp“ui„L$f ìepk A“¡

Qud“gpg Np„ u S>¡hp rhÜp“p¡ Ap k„‘pv$“ L$pe®dp„ Å¡X$pep lsp.4444444444 Erd®“p rh.k. 1991 A“¡

1992 “p L$pìep„L$p¡A¡ sÐL$pgu“ kpdreL$p¡“p n¡Ódp„ “hu cps ‘pX$u lsu. L$pìep„L$dp„“p L$pìep¡

‘f X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“y„ rdspnf fk rhh¡Q“ A¡d“u k|ÿd A“¡ kpQu L$pìe dd®osp“y„ Op¡ÑL$ R>¡.

Ap“„v$h ®““p "ÝhÞepgp¡L$' “y„ A¡d“y„ cpjp„sf ‘Z "Erd®'dp„ S> L$V$L¡$ L$V$L¡$ b¡ Dv¹$^p¡s ky u

R>‘pey„ lsy„. rhh¡Q““p dprkL$ sfuL¡$ Erd®A¡ kpfu ârs›$p d¡mhu lsu. NyS>fpsu kprlÐe“p

h¥chdp„ h©qÙ L$fhpdp„ "Erd®®'“p¡ apmp¡ dlÒh“p¡ R>¡. X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“u S> â¡fZp’u B.k. 1967

dp„ îu S>edëg ‘fdpf¡ fpS>L$p¡V$dp„ "Erd®'“¡ ‘y“:Æh„“ L$fu“¡ "Erd® “hfQ“p' “pd¡ kpdreL$

iê$ L$ey® lsy„.4545454545 X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ Ap kpdreL$dp„ ‘Z A¡L$pv$ ïgp¡L$“y„ dprd®L$ rhh¡Q“ Ap‘sp lsp.

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ B.k. 1926dp„ L$fp„Qudp„’u îu Q„Öi„L$f b|Q kp’¡ "“pNqfL$' “pd¡ A¡L$ DÃQ

L$p¡qV$“p riô$ kp„õ¼©rsL$ dprkL$ iê$ L$ey® lsy„.4646464646 s¡Ap¡A¡ kps hj® ky u Ap dprkL$“y„ k„‘pv$“ L$ey®

lsy„. "“pNqfL$' A¡L$gp “pNf kdpS>“y„ rÓdprkL$ NZhp“¡ bv$g¡ NyS>fpsu kprlÐedp„ M|b ANÐe“y„

õ’p“ d¡mhu iL$ey„ lsy„.

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X Ap kpdreL$p¡ Üpfp rhh¡Q“ A“¡ k„ip¡ ““p DÑd g¡Mp¡ ‘yfp ‘pX$ep

lsp. L$fp„Qudp„ ‘p¡sp“p Æh““p âpf„rcL$ sb¼L$pdp„ s¡Ap¡ Ap kpdreL$p¡ Üpfp NyS>fpscfdp„

ÅZusp bÞep lsp.

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ NyS>fps kfL$pf Üpfp s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Aphsu rhrh^ N°„’dpmpAp¡dp„

A¡dZ¡ kgplL$pf sfuL¡$“u c|rdL$p cS>hu lsu.

221

NyS>fps kprlÐe ‘qfjv$¡ sp. 14-11-1967 “p„ fp¡S> NyS>fpsu kprlÐe“p¡ b©lv$ Brslpk“p

g¡M“ A„N¡ dpN®v$i®“ Ap‘hp 12 kæep¡“u krdrs “udu lsu. s¡dp„ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“p¡ ‘Z

kdph¡i ’sp¡ lsp¡.4747474747 Ap krdrsA¡ hMsp¡ hMs QQp®-rhQpfZp L$fu“¡ Ap ep¡S>“p l¡W$m Qpf

N°„’p¡dp„ NyS>fpsu kprlÐe“p¡ b©lv$ Brslpk s¥epf L$fhp“y„ “L$L$u L$ey® lsy„.

NyS>fps fpS>e“u fQ“p ’ep ‘R>u NyS>fps kfL$pf¡ NyS>fps“p¡ km„N A“¡ khpNu Brslpk

“h¡kf’u s¥epf L$fhp dpV¡$ 7 kæep¡“u kgplL$pf krdrs “udu lsu. s¡dp„ ‘Z X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“p¡

kdph¡i ’sp¡ lsp¡.4848484848 Ap krdrsA¡ NyS>fps“p Brslpk“¡ âpQu“ kde’u Ap yr“L$ kde ky u

9 cpNdp„ s¥epf L$fhp“y„ “L$L$u L$ey® lsy„.

kfv$pf ‘V¡$g eyr“hrk®V$uA¡ B.k. 1967 dp„ op“N„Np¡Óu N°„’ î¡Zu s¥epf L$fhp S>¡ s„Óu

d„X$m b“pìey„ lsy„ s¡dp„ ‘Z X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“p¡ kdph¡i ’ep¡ lsp¡.4949494949

5.75.75.75.75.7 rhrh^ k„õ’pAp¡ Üpfp dm¡gp kÞdp“p¡ :rhrh^ k„õ’pAp¡ Üpfp dm¡gp kÞdp“p¡ :rhrh^ k„õ’pAp¡ Üpfp dm¡gp kÞdp“p¡ :rhrh^ k„õ’pAp¡ Üpfp dm¡gp kÞdp“p¡ :rhrh^ k„õ’pAp¡ Üpfp dm¡gp kÞdp“p¡ :

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“¡ NyS>fpsu kprlÐe kcp sfa’u sp. 25-1-1948 “p fp¡S> îudsu

rh^pbl¡“ “ugL„$W$“p lõs¡ fZÆsfpd kyhZ®Q„ÖL$ A¡“pes ’ep¡ lsp¡.5050505050 Ap kyhZ® Q„ÖL$“y„

õ’p“ NyS>fpsdp„ A“p¡My„ R>¡. AÐepf ky u S>¡Ap¡“¡ kyhZ® Q„ÖL$ Ap‘hpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. S>¡“u

“pdphgu Å¡sp„ S>Zpi¡ L¡$ NyS>fpsu k„õL$pqfsp“¡ ‘p¡jhp S>¡“¡ M|b ‘qfîd L$ep£ R>¡ s¡d“y„ NyS>fps

kprlÐe kcpA¡ Ap khp£ÃQ kÞdp“ Ap‘hp“p¡ âepk L$ep£ R>¡. Ap ‘f„‘fp Åmhu fpMu“¡

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“¡ Ap Q„ÖL$ A¡“pes L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. Ap âk„N¡ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“p¡ ‘qfQe

Ap‘sp îu |dL¡$syA¡ S>Zpìey„ lsy„ L¡$, ""âp¡a¡kf X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X$“u Ap¡mMpZ Ap‘hp“y„ lh¡ füy„

“’u. Ap“„v$i„L$fcpB“u rhÙÐ‘¡Y$udp„“p S>¡ NÎepNp„W$ep Qpf ‘p„Q rhÙp“p¡ R>¡ s¡dp„“p A¡L$

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X$ R>¡. rhÙp“p¡dp„ s¡Ap¡A¡ A¡L$ M|Zp¡ õ’p‘u“¡ Ad|ëe L$pe® L$ey® R>¡.''5151515151 Ap âk„N¡

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X¡ ‘p¡sp“p Æh“cf“p ‘p¥fprZL$ A“yîyrs ‘f“p k„ip¡ ““p r“Qp¡X$ê$‘¡ "A“yîyrs“y„

e’psÕe' ‘f ìep¿ep“ Apàey„ lsy„.

B.k. 1964dp„ “¥h¡Û“p N°„’ dpV¡$ X$p®. kh®‘ëgu fp^pL©$óZ““p lõs¡ "kprlÐe AL$pv$du'

“p¡ ‘yfõL$pf A¡“pes ’ep¡ lsp¡.

kp¥fpô²$ eyr“hrk®V$uA¡ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“u k¡hp“p L$v$fê$‘¡ sp. 13-3-1971“p ‘v$huv$p“

kdpf„cdp„ qX$.rgV$ (dfZp¡Ñf) “u ‘v$hu A‘®Z L$fu lsu.5252525252 Ap D‘fp„s kp¥fpô²$ eyr“hrk®V$uA¡

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“u õd©rs L$pedu dpV¡$ Åmhu fpMhp 12du ÅÞeyApfu, 2006“p fpô²$‘rs X$p®.

222

Aåvy$g L$gpd Üpfp "îu X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X ìep¿ep“dpmp'“y„ Dv¹$OpV$“ L$ey® lsy„. Ap ìep¿ep“

dpmpdp„ A„sN®s s¡“¡ ‘Higher Education in India in the 21st Century’ rhje ‘f ìep¿ep“

Apàey„ lsy„.5353535353 B.k. 2006-07 “p hj®dp„ kp¥fpô²$ eyr“hrk®V$uA¡ X$p¡gfcpB“u õd©rsdp„ X$p¡gffpe

dp„L$X$ A¡hp¡X®$ ap¡f A¡L$kg¡Þk B“ qfkQ® A¡hp¡X®$“p¡ âpf„c L$ep£ lsp¡.

5.85.85.85.85.8 Arsd dp„v$Nu A“¡ d©Ðey :Arsd dp„v$Nu A“¡ d©Ðey :Arsd dp„v$Nu A“¡ d©Ðey :Arsd dp„v$Nu A“¡ d©Ðey :Arsd dp„v$Nu A“¡ d©Ðey :

B.k. 1947 dp„ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“p X$pbp a¡akpdp„ Þeydp¡’¡fpL$k“u rbdpfu L$pfZ¡ A¡L$

a¢akpA¡ L$pd L$fhp“y„ b„ L$fu v$u y lsy„. s¡d R>sp„ L$p¡B âL$pf“u sL$gua rh“p s¡Ap¡ L$pe®fs lsp.

Sy>gpB, 1964 dp„ s¡d“¡ lpV®$ A¡V¡$L$ Apìep¡ lsp¡. ÓZ drl“p“p Apfpd ‘R>u s¡d“u srbes

ky fsp afu âh©rÑiug bÞep lsp.

B.k. 1970’u s¡d“u srbes “pvy$fõs fl¡su lsu. 9 Sy>gpB 1970dp„ s¡d“¡ buÅ¡

lpV®$A¡V¡$L$ Apìep¡. ’p¡X$p qv$hkp¡ Apfpd L$fu afu hMs eyr“hrk®V$u“p L$pddp„ âh©rÑiug bÞep

lsp. Sy>gpB-1970 ’u s¡d“u ipfuqfL$ “bmpB h^su Qpgu lsu. Ap kde¡ X$p®L$V$f¡ s¡d“¡

sdpd L$pdNufu R>p¡X$u Apfpd L$fhp“u kgpl Ap‘u lsu.5454545454 ‘Z X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“p d“dp„ ‘p¡s¡

kp¥fpô²$ eyr“hrk®V$u dpV¡$ k¡h¡gp A“¡L$ õhà“p¡ A yfp “ fl¡, s¡d“u lepsudp„ S> A¡ ‘|fp ’pe A¡

s¡d“u sdÞ“p lsu. ‘Z ApMf¡ L$’msu srbes A“¡ ‘qfhpf“p v$bpZ“¡ hi ’B “¡ s¡Ap¡A¡

fpÆ“pdy„ Ap‘hp“y„ õhuL$pfu gu y„ lsy„. s¡Ap¡ 23 kàV¡$çbf r“h©Ñ ’hp“p lsp. 23 Ap¡NõV$,

1970“p fp¡S> ‘qfhpf“p kæep¡“¡ dmhp s¡Ap¡ fpS>L$p¡V$’u AguApbpX$p Apìep lsp. 28 Ap¡NõV$,

1970“p fp¡S> A¡d“u srbes h^pf¡ L$’mu lsu. sp. 29 Ap¡NõV$, 1970“p fp¡S> AguApbpX$pdp„

b‘p¡f¡ 1-40 hpÁe¡ s¡d“y„ Ahkp“ ’ey„ lsy„.5555555555

X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“p Ahkp““p kdpQpf ApL$pihpZu ‘f kp„S>“p âpv$¡riL$ kdpQpf

Üpfp fpS>ecfdp„ a¡gpB Nep lsp. sp. 30-8-1970 “p khpf¡ N„NpS>mp rhÛp‘uW$“p dÝeõ’

M„X$dp„ s¡d“p v$¡l“¡ v$i®“p’£ fpMhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. cpf¡ hfkpv$ lp¡hp R>sp„ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“p

v$i®“ L$fhp dpV¡$ cpf¡ S>“d¡v$“u DdV$u ‘X$u lsu. A¡ ‘R>u s¡d“u A„rsd epÓp “uL$mu s¡dp„

Ak„¿e gp¡L$p¡ Å¡X$pep lsp. rhÛp‘uW$“p h©np¡A¡ ‘Z cu“¡ l¥e¡, A¡d“p S>“L$“¡, ‘pgL$ Ly$gr‘sp“¡

rhv$pe Ap‘u lsu.5656565656

223

5.95.95.95.95.9 îÙp„S>rgAp¡ :îÙp„S>rgAp¡ :îÙp„S>rgAp¡ :îÙp„S>rgAp¡ :îÙp„S>rgAp¡ :

NyS>fps“p sÐL$pgu“ fpS>e‘pg îudp“ “pfpeZ¡ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“¡ îÙp„S>gu Ap‘sp

S>Zpìey„ lsy„ L¡$, “Shri Mankad has an eminent educationist a leading social and

constructive working in gandhian tradition and a true representative of Indian

culture and heritage.”5757575757

NyS>fps“p sÐL$pgu“ dy¿ed„Óu îu rls¡ÞÖ v$¡kpBA¡ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“¡ A„S>gu Ap‘sp

S>Zpìey„ lsy„ L¡$ ""îu X$p¡gfcpBA¡ S>¡ L$pe® lp’ ‘f g¡sp s¡ ‘|fu r“›$p, M„s A“¡ ‘qfîd’u ‘pf

‘pX$sp. kp¥fpô²$ eyr“hrk®V$u“p â’d D‘Ly$g‘rs sfuL¡$ s¡dZ¡ S>¡ L$pdNufu L$fu s¡dp„ Ap NyZp¡“y„

kp¥ v$i®“ ’ey„ R>¡. îu X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X ApS>¡ Ap‘Zu kdn “’u, ‘f„sy s¡d“p rhQpfp¡ Æh„s R>¡.

s¡dp„’u â¡fZp gB“¡ s¡d“y„ L$pe® ApNm h^pfuA¡.''5858585858

îu Ddpi„L$f Å¡iuA¡ ApL$pihpZu ‘f’u X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“¡ A„S>rg Ap‘sp S>Zpìey„

lsy„ L¡$, ""k„õL©$s cpjp“p A¡L$ ìeyÐ‘Þ“ rhÙp“, NyS>fpsu“p AN°NÎe kpnf, k„õL©$rstQsL$

A“¡ kdpS> k¡hL$ A¡hp A¡L$ Ly$g‘rs“u rhv$pe’u Ap‘Zp k„õL$pf Æh“dp„ dp¡V$u Mp¡V$ hfspi¡.''5959595959

îu gp¡L$kprlÐeL$pf S>edëg ‘fdpf A¡ Ap A„N¡¡ vy$:M ìeL$s L$fsp S>Zpìey„ lsy„ L¡$ ""îu

X$p¡gfcpB S>sp„ ApS>¡ S>¡d kp¥fpô²$ eyr“hrk®V$u“y„ A¡d“y„ õ’p“ ‘|fhp“u L$ë‘“p “’u ’B iL$su

s¡d k„ch R>¡ L¡$ A¡d“p’u h y Ly$im hluhV$L$sp® L$v$pQ dmu Aph¡, ‘Z A¡dp„ dp“h k„kN® Üpfp

L$pd DL¡$ghp“u sÐ‘fsp A“¡ r“fprcdp“u‘Ï„ L$v$pQ “ e¡ lp¡e. r“fprcdp“‘Ï„ A“¡ sÐ‘fsp

lp¡e sp¡ rinZ“u fpô²$ue Ørô$ k„‘Þ“ L$v$pQ “ lp¡e, fpô²$ue Ørô$ lp¡e sp¡ N°pd ‘y“fyÙpf “hu

kdpS> fQ“p“p¡ âep¡Niug ApÐdp L$v$pQ “ e¡ lp¡e.''6060606060

L¡$mhZuL$pf Sy>Nsfpd v$h¡A¡ X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X“¡ îÙp„S>rg Ap‘sp S>Zpìey„ L¡$, ""îu

X$p¡gfcpB“y„ Ap‘Zu hÃQ¡’u Qpgu “uL$mhy„ A¡ rinZn¡Ó¡ L¡$V$gu dp¡V$u lpr“ R>¡. îu X$p¡gffpe

dp„L$X Nep R>¡ ‘Z s¡Ap¡ Nep R>¡ A¡d gpNsy„ “’u. s¡Ap¡“p¡ ApÐdp A“¡ s¡Ap¡A¡ Ap‘Zu hÃQ¡

A‘®Z L$f¡gp rhQpfp¡ ANçe fus¡ Ap‘Zp D‘f â¡fL$ Akf a¡gphsp fl¡i¡ A¡hu îÙp kp’¡

kv¹$Ns“¡ úv$e‘|h®L$ îÙp„S>gu A‘y® Ry>„.''6161616161

îu eih„s iyL$g¡ îÙp„S>rg Ap‘sp S>Zpìey„ lsy„ L¡$, ""kp¥fpô²$ eyr“hrk®V$u“p Ly$g‘rs

A“¡ N„NpS>mp rhÛp‘uW$“p ApÛõ’p‘L$ ApQpe®îu X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X$“p Ahkp“’u NyS>fps¡ A¡L$

dlp“ kpfõhs, âep¡Niug L¡$mhZuL$pf A“¡ rhÛp’}Ap¡“p iug“y„ k„Np¡‘p“ L$f“pf hÐkg

rhÛpeL$ Nydpìep¡ R>¡.''6262626262

224

s¡ D‘fp„s fpS>e“p A“¡L$ fpS>“ursop¡, L¡$mhZuL$pfp¡, D^p¡N‘rsAp¡, h¡‘pfuAp¡, kpdprS>L$

A“¡ i¥nrZL$ k„õ’pAp¡“p Ar^L$pfu hN¡f¡ A¡L$ Np„ uhpv$u, r“›$php“, kpv$pB A“¡ rh“d°sphpmp

ìeqL$s“¡ Nydpìep“y„ vy$:M A“ycìey„ lsy„ A“¡ s¡d“p L$pep£“¡ rbfv$phu îÙp„S>gu Ap‘u lsu.

225

‘pv$V$u‘ :‘pv$V$u‘ :‘pv$V$u‘ :‘pv$V$u‘ :‘pv$V$u‘ :

1. Shree Vithalbhai Patel Mahavidhyalaya Magazine, March-1948, p. 39.

2. Ibid, p. 39.

3. rÓh¡v$u, rQd“gpg - dp¡v$u, rQ“ycpB, A^us, Adv$phpv$, 1974, ‘©. 3.

4. Shree Vitthalbhai Patel Mahavidhalaya Magazine, March-1948, p. 43.

5. cË$, Np¥fucpB, d„NmepÓp, ArgApbpX$p, 1971, ‘©. 64.

6. ‘pf¡M, d ykyv$“, "NyS>fpsu“p AÝep‘L$p¡“y„ kp¡mdy„ k„d¡g“', byqÙ âL$pi, “h¡çbf-

1963, ‘©. 357.

7. rÓh¡v$u, rQd“gpg - dp¡v$u, rQ“ycpB, A^us, Adv$phpv$, 1974, ‘©. 23.

8. ‘pf¡M, d yk|v$“, "NyS>fpsu“p AÝep‘L$p¡“y„ kp¡mdy„ k„d¡g“', byqÙâL$pi, “h¡çbf-

1963, ‘©. 358.

9. cVy$, Np¥fucpB, d„NmepÓp, ‘©. 64.

10. A¡S>“, ‘©. 144.

11. ipl, grgsp, rhL$pk“u ‘Nv$„X$u, Åd“Nf, 2006, ‘©. 4.

12. cË$, Np¥fucpB, d„NmepÓp, ‘©. 142.

13. X$p„Nf L$fi“cpB“u ê$bê$ dygpL$ps (dp“v$d„Óu, L$õsyfbp õÓu rhL$pk N©l), Åd“Nf,

sp. 1-11-2011.

14. ipl, grgsp, rhL$pk“u ‘Nv$„X$u, ‘©. II .

15. A¡S>“, ‘©. II .

16. X$p„Nf, L$fi“cpB, “pfu kdpS>“u Ap^pfrigp (L$õsyfbp õÓurhL$pk N©l kyhZ® S>e„rs

A„L$), 2006, Åd“Nf, R>¡ëgy ‘©›$.

17. ipl, grgsp, rhL$pk“u ‘Nv$„X$u, ‘©. 71.


19. fphm, A“„sfpe, îu X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X$ (Æh“ A“¡ kS>®“), fpS>L$p¡V$, 1976, ‘©. 44.

20. iyL$g, eih„s, "Ap yr“L$ F>rj kdp kpfõhs', k„õ¼©rs, kàV¡$çbf-1970, ‘©. 328.

21. cË$, Np¥fubpB, d„NmepÓp, ‘©. 67.

226

22. iyL$g, eih„s, "NyS>fps fpS>e L¡$mhZu k„d¡g“', byqÙâL$pi, Ap¡L$V$p¡bf-1961,

‘©. 307.

23. fphm, A“„sfpe, îu X$p¡gffpe dp„L$X$ (Æh“ A“¡ kS>®“), ‘©. 45.

24. îu vy$óe„scpB ‘„X$ep“u ê$bê$ d|gpL$ps, Åd“Nf, sp. 5-5-2012.

25. Brief History of Shri Vidyotejak Mandal, 1999, Jamanagar, p. 2.

26. Ibid, p. 4.

27. îu qv$gu‘cpB â¡dpZu, ê$bê$ d|gpL$ps (d„Óu), sp. 6-5-2012, Åd“Nf.

28. X$p®. Th¡fugpg QphX$p“u ê$bê$ dygpL$ps, AguApbpX$p, sp. 16-5-2012.


30. A¡S>“, ‘©. 50.

31. A¡S>“, ‘©. 7.

32. NyS>fpsu kprlÐe ‘qfjv$ k„d¡g““u L$pe®hplu (Al¡hpg), cpN-1, 1952, “hkpfu,

‘©. 2.

33. NyS>fpsu kprlÐe ‘qfjv$ k„d¡g““u L$pe®hplu (cpjZp¡ A“¡ r“b„ p¡), cpN-2, 1952,

“hkpfu, ‘©. 10.


35. dp„L$X$, X$p¡gffpe, NyS>fps “B spgud k„O (ìep¿ep“), Ap¡spqfep, 1968, ‘©. 1.

36. A¡S>“, ‘©. 4.

37. A¡S>“, ‘©. 12.

38. A¡S>“, ‘©. 3

39. Mankad, Dolarrai, ‘Studies in puranic history Genealogies and

Chronology in Modern times (Presidential Address)’, XXI-AIDC, Aliabada,

1961


41. “peL$, Qu“ycpB, "NyS>fps Brslpk ‘qfjv$“y„ ‘p„Qdy„ Ar^h¡i“', byqÙâL$pi, dpQ®-

1970, ‘©. 78.

42. A¡S>“, ‘©. 79.

227


44. ‘fdpf, S>edëg, "s‘p¡^“ kpfõhs X$p¡gfcpB', Drd®“hfQ“p, “h¡çbf-1970,

‘©.544.

45. v$h¡, fpSy>g, gp¡L$k„õ¼©rs“y„ bugu‘Ó, 1999, fpS>L$p¡V$, ‘©. 288.

46. dp„L$X$, X$p¡gffpe, “¥h¡Û, AguApbpX$p, 1962, , ‘©. 7.

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48. ‘fuM, f.R>p¡.ipõÓu, l.N„.(k„‘p.), NyS>fps“p¡ fpS>L$ue A“¡ kp„õ¼©rsL$ Brslpk, N°„’-

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53. hX$Npdp, “urs“, kpeyS>e, a¡b°yApfu-2006, ‘©. 1.

54. dp„L$X$, rifujcpB, Adpfp bp‘yÆ, AguApbpX$p, 1971, ‘©. 3.

55. A¡S>“, ‘©. 75.


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59. Å¡iu, Ddpi„L$f, "s‘õhu gp¡L$k¡hL$ rhÙp“', k„õL©$rs, kàV¡$çbf-1970, ‘©. 325.

60. ‘fdpf, S>edëg, "s‘p¡ “ kpfõhs õh. X$p¡gfcpB', Drd®“hfQ“p, “h¡çbf-1970,

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62. A¡S>“, ‘©. 174.

âl$fz-5 x$p¡gffpe dp„l$x$“y„ aÞe n¡Ó¡...

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