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jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmf

zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'

(2008 ckESpf)

Constitution of the Republic of the

Union of Myanmar

(2008)

Printing

September, 2008

(10000) Copies

Printed by

Printing & Publishing Enterprise,Ministry of Information

yHkEdSyfjcif;

2008 ckESpf? pufwifbmv

tkyfa& (10000)

yHkEdSyf

jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme? yHkEdSyfa&;ESifhpmtkyfxkwfa0a&;vkyfief;wGif yHkEdSyfonf/

CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

- Preamble . . . 1

1. Basic Principles of the Union . . . 3

2. State Structure . . . 13

3. Head of State . . . 19

4. Legislature . . . 27

5. Executive . . . 75

6. Judiciary . . . 125

7. Defence Services . . . 148

8. Citizen, Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Citizens . . . 149

9. Election . . . 157

10. Political Parties . . . 163

11. Provisions on State of Emergency . . . 165

12. Amendment of the Constitution . . . 173

13. State Flag, State Seal, National Anthem and the Capital . . . 175

14. Transitory Provisions . . . 177

15. General Provisions . . . 179

rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum

pOf pOf pOf pOf pOf taMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&m pmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESm

- ed'gef; ... 1

1/ tcef; (1) EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm; ... 3

2/ tcef; (2) EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufykH ... 13

3/ tcef; (3) EdkifiHawmftBuD;tuJ ... 19

4/ tcef; (4) Oya'jyKa&; ... 27

5/ tcef; (5) tkyfcsKyfa&; ... 75

6/ tcef; (6) w&m;pD&ifa&; ... 125

7/ tcef; (7) wyfrawmf ... 148

8/ tcef; (8) EkdifiHom;? EkdifiHom;rsm;\

rlvtcGifhta&;ESifhwm0efrsm; ... 149

9/ tcef; (9) a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif; ... 157

10/ tcef; (10) EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; ... 163

11/ tcef; (11) ta&;ay:umvqdkif&mjy|mef;csufrsm; ... 165

12/ tcef; (12) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'jyifqifjcif; ... 173

13/ tcef; (13) EdkifiHawmftvH? txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf

oDcsif;ESifhNrdKUawmf ... 175

14/ tcef; (14) ul;ajymif;a&;umvjy|mef;csufrsm; ... 177

15/ tcef; (15) taxGaxGjy|mef;csufrsm; ... 179

Preamble

Myanmar is a Nation with magnificent historical traditions. We, the National people,

have been living in unity and oneness, setting up an independent sovereign State and standing

tall with pride.

Due to colonial intrusion, the Nation lost her sovereign power in 1885. The National

people launched anti-colonialist struggles and National liberation struggles, with unity in

strength, sacrificing lives and hence the Nation became an independent sovereign State

again on 4th January 1948.

In order to gain independence speedily, the Constitution was hastily drafted, and it

was adopted by the Constitutent Assembly on 24th September 1947. After attaining

independence, Parliamentary Democracy System was practised in the State in accord

with the Constitution of the Union of Myanmar. However, as democratic system could not

be effectively materialized, the new Constitution of the Socialist Republic of the Union of

Myanmar was drafted based on the single party system, and after holding a National

Referendum, a socialist democratic State was set up in 1974. The Constitution came to an

end because of the general situation occurred in 1988.

Later, due to public aspirations, the State Peace and Development Council made

efforts to adopt multi-party democratic system and market economy in accord with the

National situation.

As an enduring Constitution, that guarantees long-term benefits, has become

essential for the future nation, the State Peace and Development Council convened the

National Convention in 1993.

Persons who are well experienced in various aspects of politics, security,

administration, economics, social and law as well as National races representatives of all

townships in the Nation took part in the National Convention.

ed'gef;ed'gef;ed'gef;ed'gef;ed'gef;

jrefrmEdkifiHawmfonf ordkif;tpOftvmBuD;rm;aom EdkifiHawmfjzpfayonf/uREkfyfwdkY wdkif;&if;om;jynfoltaygif;wdkYonf pnf;vHk;nDñGwfpGm wpfom;wnf;aexdkifvmcJhMuNyD; tcsKyftjcmtmPmydkif vGwfvyfaomEdkifiHtjzpf xlaxmifumxnf0gpGm &yfwnfcJhMuayonf/

udkvdkeDe,fcsJUwdkY\usL;ausmfrIaMumifh 1885 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHawmftmPmvHk;0vufvGwfqHk;½HI;cJh&ayonf/ wdkif;&if;om;jynfoltaygif;wdkYonf pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrIpGrf;tm;jzifh e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ESifh trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wdkufyGJrsm;udk toufaygif;rsm;pGmpaw;í qifETJcJhMuaomaMumifh 1948 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 4 &ufaeYwGiftcsKyftjcmtmPmydkif vGwfvyfaomEdkifiHawmftjzpf jyefvnf&yfwnfEdkifcJhayonf/

vGwfvyfa&;tjref&&Sd&eftwGuf zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk tvsiftjrefa&;qGJum 1947 ckESpf pufwifbmv 24 &ufaeYwGif wdkif;jynfjyKvTwfawmfutwnfjyKjy|mef;cJhNyD; vGwfvyfa&;&&Sdaomtcg EdkifiHawmfwGif tqdkyg zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'jzifh ygvDref'Drdkua&pDpepfudk azmfaqmifusifhoHk;cJhMuayonf/ odkY&mwGifEdkifiHawmfü 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk yDjyifpGm usifhoHk;EdkifrIr&Sdojzifh 1974 ckESpfwGifwpfygwDyHkpHudktajccHvsuf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'wpf&yfudk a&;qGJNyD; jynfvHk;uRwfqE´cH,lyGJusif;yí twnfjyKjy|mef;um qdk&S,fvpf'Drdkua&pD EdkifiHawmftjzpfBudK;yrf;wnfaxmifcJhjyefayonf/ 1988 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHawmfü jzpfay:vmonfhtajctaet&yf&yfaMumifh tqdkygzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'rSmvnf; &yfqdkif;oGm;cJh&onf/

xYdkaemuff EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpDu jynfolrsm;\vdktifqE´ESifhtnD ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDpepfESifh aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfwdkYudk rdrdEdkifiHESifhvdkufavsmnDaxGpGm xlaxmifEdkif&eftwGuf BudK;yrf;wnfaqmufay;cJhayonf/

tem*wfEdkifiHawmfwGif a&&SnftusKd;&SdNyD; cdkifrmonfh zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'wpf&yf r&SdrjzpfvdktyfonfhtwGuf EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpDonf 1993 ckESpfrSpí trsKd;om;nDvmcHudk ac:,lusif;yay;cJhonf/

trsKd;om;nDvmcHwGif EdkifiHa&;? vkHNcHKa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;ESifhOya'a&;&mponfh ½IaxmifhrsKd;pHkrS tawGUtMuHK<u,f0onfh yk*¾dKvfrsm;yg0ifouJhodkYEdkifiHawmftwGif;wnf&Sdonfh NrdKUe,ftm;vHk;rS wdkif;&if;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;vnf;yg0ifcJhMuayonf/

Despite many difficulties and disturbances encountered the National Convention,it was unwaveringly reconvened in 2004 in accord with the seven-step Roadmapadopted in 2003. As the National Convention was able to adopt the Basic Principles andDetailed Basic Principles for formulating a Constitution, it successfully concluded on 3rd

September 2007.We, the National people, drafted this Constitution of the Republic of the Union of

Myanmar in accord with the Basic Principles and Detailed Basic Principles laid down bythe National Convention.

We, the National people, firmly resolve that we shall :- steadfastly adhere to the objectives of non-disintegration of the Union, non-

disintegration of National solidarity, and perpetuation of sovereignty;- stalwartly strive for further burgeoning the eternal principles namely justice,

liberty, equality and perpetuation of peace and prosperity of the Nationalpeople;

- uphold racial equality, living eternally in unity fostering the firm Union Spirit oftrue patriotism;

- constantly endeavour to uphold the principles of peaceful co-existenceamong nations with a view to having world peace and friendly relations amongnations.

DO HEREBY ADOPT this Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmarthrough a nation-wide referendum on the Tenth day of Kasone Waning, 1370 M.E.(The Twenty-Ninth day of May, 2008 A.D.)

2

trsKd;om;nDvmcHusif;y&mwGif tcuftcJtaESmifht,Sufrsm; MuHKawGUcJh&aomfvnf; 2003 ckESpfwGif csrSwfcJhaom EdkifiHawmfa&SUqufoGm;rnfh rl0g'vrf;pOf(7) &yfESifhtnD trsKd;om;nDvmcHudk 2004 ckESpfwGif rqkwfrepfaom ZGJvHkYvjzifhqufvufusif;ycJh&m cdkifrmaom EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'wpf&yf ay:ayguf&eftwGuf tajccH&rnfhrlrsm;ESifh tao;pdwftajccH&rnfhrlrsm;udk tESpfom&jynhf0pGmcsrSwffEdkifcJhMuojzifh 2007 ckESpf? pufwifbmv 3 &ufaeYwGif trsKd;om;nDvmcHonfatmifjrifpGm NyD;ajrmufcJhayonf/

uREkfyfwdkY wdkif;&if;om;jynfoltaygif;wdkYonf trsKd;om;nDvmcHu csrSwfay;cJhonfh tajccHrlrsm;ESifh tao;pdwftajccH&rnfhrlrsm;ESifhtnD þjynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk a&;qGJcJhMuayonf/

uREkfyfwdkYwdkif;&if;om;jynfoltaygif;wdkYonf -- jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&;? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrIrNydKuGJa&;ESifh

tcsKyftjcmtmPm wnfwHhcdkif fNrJa&;[laom OD;wnfcsufrsm;udktpOfwpdkuf rrSdwfrokef pGJNrJpGm cH,lapmifhxdef;oGm;Murnf[k oEéd|mefcsrSwfívnf;aumif;?

- EdkifiHawmfü w&m;rQwjcif;? vGwfvyfjcif;ESifh nDrQjcif;wnf;[laomavmuygvw&m;rsm; xGef;um;apvsuf wdkif;&if;om;jynfoltrsm;Nidrf;csrf;om,m0ajyma&;udk wnfwHhcdkifNrJatmif pOfqufrjywfaqmif&Gufxdef;odrf;oGm;Murnf[k oEéd|mefcsrSwfívnf;aumif;?

- EdkifiHawmftwGif; vlrsKd;a&;wef;wlrIjzifh ppfrSefaom rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwfjzpfonfh jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwfudk cdkifNrJpGmarG;jrLvsuf xm0pOf pnf;vHk;nDñGwfpGm twlwuG vufwGJaexdkifMurnf[k oEéd|mefcsrSwfívnf;aumif;?

- urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh EdkifiHtcsif;csif; rdwf0wfrysuf aygif;oif; qufqHa&;udk a&S;½Ivsuf Nidrf;csrf;pGm twl,SOfwGJaexdkifa&;rlrsm;udk apmifhxdef;&eftpOfBudK;yrf;Murnf[k oEéd|mefcsrSwfívnf;aumif;?

þjynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;yHk tajccHOya'udk ouú&mZf 1370jynfhESpf? uqkefvjynfhausmf 10 &uf (c&pfESpf 2008 ckESpf? arv 29 &uf) aeYwGifjynfvHk;uRwf qEcH,lyGJBuD;jzifh twnfjyKjy|mef;vdkufMuonf/

2

Chapter IBasic Principles of the Union

tcef; (1)tcef; (1)tcef; (1)tcef; (1)tcef; (1)EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;

Chapter I

Basic Principles of the Union

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar

1. Myanmar is an independent sovereign Nation.

2. The State shall be known as the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

3. The State is where multi-National races collectively reside.

4. The Sovereign power of the Union is derived from the citizens and is in force in the

entire country.

5. The territory of the State shall be the land, sea, and airspace which constitutes its

territory on the day this Constitution is adopted.

Basic Principles

6. The Union’s consistent objectives are :

(a) non-disintegration of the Union;

(b) non-disintegration of National solidarity;

(c) perpetuation of sovereignty;

(d) flourishing of a genuine, disciplined multi-party democratic system;

(e) enhancing the eternal principles of Justice, Liberty and Equality in the Union

and;

(f) enabling the Defence Services to be able to participate in the National political

leadership role of the State.

7. The Union practises genuine, disciplined multi-party democratic system.

8. The Union is constituted by the Union system.

tcef; (1)tcef; (1)tcef; (1)tcef; (1)tcef; (1)

Ed kifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;Ed kifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;Ed kifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;Ed kifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;Ed kifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;

EdkifiHawmfEdkifiHawmfEdkifiHawmfEdkifiHawmfEdkifiHawmf1/ jrefrmEdkifiHonf tcsKyftjcmtmPmydkif vGwfvyfonfhEdkifiHjzpfonf/

2/ EdkifiHawmfudk jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmf[k ac:wGif&rnf/

3/ EkdifiHawmfonf wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aygif;pkHwkdY pkaygif;aexdkifMuaom EkdifiH jzpfonf/

4/ EdkifiHawmf\ tcsKyftjcmtmPmonf EdkifiHom;rsm;xHrS qif;oufNyD; EdkifiHawmfwpf0ef;vkH;ü wnfonf/

5/ EdkifiHawmf\ajrxk? a&xkESifh avxkwdkYyg0ifaom e,fedrdwfonf þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' twnfjzpfonhfaeYwGif wnf&Sdonfhtwdkif;jzpfonf/

tajccHrlrsm;tajccHrlrsm;tajccHrlrsm;tajccHrlrsm;tajccHrlrsm;6/ EdkifiHawmfonf -

(u) jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&;?( c ) wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nDñGwfrIrNydKuGJa&;?( * ) tcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfwHhcdkifNrJa&;?(C) ppfrSefí pnf;urf;jynfh0aom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDpepf xGef;um;a&;?( i ) EdkifiHawmfü w&m;rQwjcif;? vGwfvyfjcif;ESihf nDrQjcif;wnf;[laom

avmuygvw&m;rsm; ydkrdkxGef;um;a&;ESifh( p ) EdkifiHawmf\ trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;OD;aqmifrItcef;u@wGif wyfrawmfu

yg0ifxrf;aqmifEdkifa&;wdkYudk tpOfwpdkufOD;wnfonf/

7/ EdkifiHawmfonf ppfrSefípnf;urf;jynfh0aom ygwDpHk'Drkdua&pDpepfudk usihfokH;onf/

8/ EdkifiHawmfudk jynfaxmifpkpepfjzihf zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufonf/

9. (a) The existing seven Divisions are designated as seven Regions and the existing

seven States are designated as seven States. Those seven Regions and seven

States are of equal status.

(b) The names of those seven Regions and seven States are retained as they

exist.

(c) If it is desired to change the name of a Region or a State, it shall be done so

with the enactment of a law after ascertaining the desire of citizens residing in

the Region or State concerned.

10. No part of the territory constituted in the Union such as Regions, States, Union

Territories and Self-Administered Areas shall ever secede from the Union.

11. (a) The three branches of sovereign power namely, legislative power, executive

power and judicial power are separated, to the extent possible, and exert

reciprocal control, check and balance among themselves.

(b) The three branches of sovereign power, so separated are shared among the

Union, Regions, States and Self-Administered Areas.

12. (a) The legislative power of the Union is shared among the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw,

Region Hluttaws and State Hluttaws. Legislative power stipulated by this

Constitution shall be shared to the Self-Administered Areas.

(b) The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw consisting of two Hluttaws, one Hluttaw elected on

the basis of township as well as population, and the other on an equal number

of representatives elected from Regions and States.

4

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( c ) xkdwdkif;a'oBuD;(7)ckESihf jynfe,f(7)jynfe,fwdkY\ trnfrsm;udk &Sd&if;pGJtwdkif; ac:qdkoHk;EIef;onf?

( * ) wdkif;a'oBuD;wpfckck\trnfudkjzpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fe,f\trnfudkjzpfap ajymif;vJowfrSwfvdkvQif oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwfjynfe,ftwGif;aexdkifMuaom EdkifiHom;rsm;\qE&,lNyD; Oya'jy|mef;jcif;jzifh ajymif;vJowfrSwf&rnf/

10/ EdkifiHawmfwGifyg0ifonhf wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;? jynfe,frsm;? jynfaxmifpk e,fajrrsm;?udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&pD&ifpkrsm;ponhf EdkifiHawmf\e,fajrtydkif;tjcm; [lorQonfEdkifiHawmfrS rnfonfhtcgrQ cGJrxGuf&/

11/ (u) EdkifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtmPm\ cufrokH;jzmjzpfonfh Oya'jyKa&;tmPm? tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmESihf w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmwdkYudk wwfEdkiforQydkif;jcm;okH;pGJjcif;ESihf tcsif;csif;tjyeftvSefxdef;ausmif;jcif;wdkYjyKonf?

( c ) xkdodk Yydkif;jcm;xm;onfh EdkifiHawmftmPmokH;&yfudk jynfaxmifpk?wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;? jynfe,frsm;ESifh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&pD&ifpkrsm;tm;cGJa0tyfESif;onf/

12/ (u) EdkifiHawmf\ Oya'jyKa&;tmPmudk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf? wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmfESihf jynfe,fvTwfawmfrsm;tm; cGJa0tyfESif;onf/udk,fydkiftkkyfcsKyfcGih f&pD&ifpkrsm;tm; þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'uowfrSwfaom Oya'jyKa&;tmPmudk cGJa0tyfESif;onf?

( c ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGif NrdKUe,fukdtajccHívnf;aumif;? vlOD;a&ukdtajccHívnf;aumif;? a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonfh vTwfawmfwpf&yf?wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;ESifh jynfe,frsm;rS ukd,fpm;vS,fOD;a& wlnDpGma&G;aumufwifajr§mufonfh vTwfawmfwpf&yf[lí vTwfawmfESpf&yfyg&Sdonf/

4

13. There shall be a Region Hluttaw in each of the seven Regions, and a State Hluttaw

in each of the seven States.

14. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the Region Hluttaws and the State Hluttaws include the

Defence Services personnel as Hluttaw representatives nominated by the Commander-in-

Chief of the Defence Services in numbers stipulated by this Constitution.

15. For National races with suitable population, National races representatives are

entitled to participate in legislature of Regions or States and Self-Administered Areas

concerned.

16. The Head of the Union and the Head of Executive of the Union is the President.

17. (a) The executive power of the Union is shared among the Pyidaungsu, Regions

and States; Self-Administrative power shall be shared between Self-

Administered Areas as prescribed by this Constitution.

(b) In the executive of the Union, Regions, States, Union Territory, Self-

Administered Areas and districts, Defence Services personnel, nominated

by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services to undertake

responsibilities of the defence, security, border administration, so forth, shall

be included.

(c) For National races of which representatives are so permitted to participate

in legislature of Regions, States or Self-Administered Areas in accord with

Section 15, such representatives are to be permitted to participate, mainly,

to undertake their National races affairs.

5

13/ wdkif;a'oBuD;(7)ckwGif wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmfwpf&yfpDESifh jynfe,f(7)jynfe,fwGif jynfe,fvTwfawmfwpf&yfpD &Sdonf/

14/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf? wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmfESifh jynfe,fvTwfawmfrsm;wGifvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& owfrSwfonhfOD;a&twdkif; wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onhf wyfrawmfom;rsm;yg0ifonf/

15/ avsmfuefoifhjrwfaom vlOD;a&&Sdonfh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;twGuf oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fESifh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&pD&ifpk Oya'jyKa&;wGifxdkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifcGihf&Sdonf/

16/ EdkifiHawmftMuD;tuJESifh EdkifiHawmftkyfcsKyfa&;tBuD;tuJonf EkdifiHawmfor®wjzpfonf/

17/ (u) EdkifiHawmftkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmudk jynfaxmifpk? wdkif;a'oBuD;ESihfjynfe,frsm;tm; cGJa0tyfESif;onf/ udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&pD&ifpkrsm;tm;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmudk þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& owfrSwfay;onfhtwdkif; cGJa0tyfESif;onf?

( c ) jynfaxmifpk? wdkif;a'oBuD;ESifh jynfe,f? jynfaxmifpke,fajr? ukd,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& pD&ifpkESihfh c½dkiftkyfcsKyfa&;wdkYwGif umuG,fa&;? vkHjcHKa&;?e,fpyftkyfcsKyfa&;ponfh wm0efrsm;xrf;aqmif&ef wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfh wyfrawmfom;rsm;yg0ifonf?

( * ) yk'fr 15 t& oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fESihfudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&pD&ifpkOya'jyKa&;wGif udk,fpm;vS,f yg0ifcGifh &&Sdonhfwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;jzpfvQif xdkwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fESihfudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&pD&ifpk tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif t"dutm;jzihf xkdwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;a&;&mudk aqmif&GufEdkifa&;twGuf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifcGihfjyK&rnf/

5

18. (a) The judicial power of the Union is shared among the Supreme Court of the

Union, High Courts of the Regions, High Courts of the States and Courts of

different levels including Courts of Self-Administered Areas.

(b) There shall be one Supreme Court of the Union. The Supreme Court of the

Union is the highest Court of the Republic.

(c) The Supreme Court of the Union has powers to issue writs.

(d) A High Court of the Region or State is constituted in each Region or State.

19. The following are prescribed as judicial principles :

(a) to administer justice independently according to law;

(b) to dispense justice in open court unless otherwise prohibited by law;

(c) to guarantee in all cases the right of defence and the right of appeal under

law.

20. (a) The Defence Services is the sole patriotic defence force which is strong,

competent and modern.

(b) The Defence Services has the right to independently administer and adjudicate

all affairs of the armed forces.

(c) The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services is the Supreme

Commander of all armed forces.

(d) The Defence Services has the right to administer for participation of the

entire people in Union security and defence.

(e) The Defence Services is mainly responsible for safeguarding the non-

disintegration of the Union, the non-disintegration of National solidarity and

the perpetuation of sovereignty.

(f) The Defence Services is mainly responsible for safeguarding the Constitution.

6

18/ (u) EdkifiHawmf\w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmudk jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf?wdkif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmfrsm;? jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfrsm;ESihfudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&pD&ifpkw&m;½kH;rsm; tygt0if tqifhqihfaomw&m;½kH;rsm;tm; cGJa0tyfESif;onf?

( c ) jynfaxmifpkwGif jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfwpf&yf xm;&Sdonf/jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfonf EdkifiHawmf\tjrihfqkH; w&m;½kH;jzpfonf?

( * ) jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfwGif pmcRefawmftrdefYrsm; xkwfydkifcGihftmPmrsm;&Sdonf?

(C) wdkif;a'oBuD;wdkif;wGif wdkif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf wpf&yfpDvnf;aumif;? jynfe,fwdkif;wGif jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf wpf&yfpDvnf;aumif; xm;&Sdonf/

19/ atmufygwdkYudk w&m;pD&ifa&;rlrsm;tjzpf owfrSwfonf –(u) Oya'ESihftnD vGwfvyfpGmw&m;pD&ifa&;?( c ) Oya't&uefYowfcsufrsm;rSty jynfolYa&SUarSmufwGif w&m;pD&ifa&;?( * ) trIrsm;wGif Oya't& ckcHacsycGifhESifh t,lcHykdifcGifh&&Sda&;/

20/ (u) wyfrawmfonf tiftm;awmifhwif;NyD; pGrf;&nfxufjrufaom acwfrDonfh wpfckwnf;aom rsKd;cspfwyfrawmf jzpfonf?

( c ) wyfrawmfonf wyfydkif;qdkif&mudpötm;vHk;udk vGwfvyfpGmpDrHcefYcGJpD&ifaqmif&GufydkifcGifh &Sdonf?

( * ) wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfonf vufeufudkifwyfzGJUtm;vHk;\tBuD;tuJ jzpfonf?

(C) wyfrawmfonf EdkifiHawmfvHkjcHKa&;ESifhumuG,fa&;wGif jynfol wpf&yfvHk;yg0ifa&;twGuf pDrHaqmif&GufcGifh &Sdonf?

( i ) jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&;? wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrIrNydKuGJa&;ESifhtcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfwHhcdkifNrJa&;wdkYudk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&efwyfrawmfwGif t"duwm0ef &Sdonf?

( p ) wyfrawmfonf Ed kifiHawmfzG J Upnf;yH ktajccHOya'udk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef t"duwm0ef &Sdonf/

6

21. (a) Every citizen shall enjoy the right of equality, the right of liberty and the right

of justice, as prescribed in this Constitution.

(b) No citizen shall be placed in custody for more than 24 hours without the

permission of a Court.

(c) Every citizen is responsible for public peace and tranquility and prevalence

of law and order.

(d) Necessary law shall be enacted to make citizens’ freedoms, rights, benefits,

responsibilities and restrictions effective, steadfast and complete.

22. The Union shall assist :

(a) to develop language, literature, fine arts and culture of the National races;

(b) to promote solidarity, mutual amity and respect and mutual assistance among

the National races;

(c) to promote socio-economic development including education, health,

economy, transport and communication, so forth, of less-developed National

races.

23. The Union shall :

(a) enact necessary laws to protect the rights of the peasants;

(b) assist peasants to obtain equitable value of their agricultural produce.

24. The Union shall enact necessary laws to protect the rights of workers.

25. The Union shall assist to promote the interests of the intellectuals and intelligentsia.

7

21/ (u) EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'wGif owfrSwfjy|mef;xm;onfh wef;wlnDrQrItcGifhta&;? vGwfvyfrItcGifhta&;? w&m;rQwrItcGifhta&;wdkY cHpm;cGifh &Sdonf?

( c ) w&m;½Hk;\ cGifhjyKcsufr&&Sdu EdkifiHom;wpfOD;udk 24 em&Dxuf ausmfvGefícsKyfaESmifxm;cGifh r&Sdap&?

( * ) jynfolwkdY\ at;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;wkdYonfEdkifiHom;wdkif;\wm0ef jzpfonf?

(C) EdkifiHom;rsm;\ vGwfvyfcGif h? vkyfyd kifcGif h? cHpm;cGif h? wm0efESif hwm;jrpfcsufrsm; xda&mufcdkifrmjynfhpHkap&ef vdktyfaomOya' jy|mef;&rnf/

22/ EdkifiHawmfonf —(u) wkdif;&if;om;rsm;\ pum;? pmay? tEkynm? ,Ofaus;rIwdk Yudk

zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufap&ef ulnDaqmif&Gufrnf?( c ) wkdif;&if;om;tcsif;csif; pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;? cspfMunfav;pm;a&;ESifh

½dkif;yif;ulnDa&;wdkY wdk;wufjzpfxGef;ap&ef ulnDaqmif&Gufrnf?( * ) wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;rIenf;yg;aeonfh wkdif;&if;om;rsm;\ ynma&;? usef;rma&;?

pD;yGm;a&;? vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; ponfwkdYyg0ifaom vlrIpD;yGm;a&;wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf ulnDaqmif&Gufrnf/

23/ EdkifiHawmfonf awmifolv,form;rsm;\ -(u) tcGifhta&;rsm; umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef vdktyfonfhOya'rsm; jy|mef;

aqmif&Gufrnf?( c ) pdkufysKd;xkwfvkyfonfh aumufyJoD;ESHrsm; oifhwifhrQwonfh wefzdk;&&Sd&ef

ulnDaqmif&Gufrnf/

24/ EdkifiHawmfonf tvkyform;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;rsm; umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&efvdktyfonfhOya'rsm; jy|mef;aqmif&Gufrnf/

25/ EdkifiHawmfonf todynm&Sif? twwfynm&Sifrsm;\tusKd;udk ulnDaqmif&Gufrnf/

7

26. (a) Civil Services personnel shall be free from party politics.

(b) The Union shall enact necessary laws for Civil Services personnel to have

security and sufficiency of food, clothing and shelter, to get maternity benefits

for married women in service, and to ease livelihood for welfare of retired

Service personnel.

27. The Union shall assist development, consolidation and preservation of National

culture.

28. The Union shall :

(a) earnestly strive to improve education and health of the people;

(b) enact the necessary law to enable National people to participate in matters

of their education and health;

(c) implement free, compulsory primary education system;

(d) implement a modern education system that will promote all-around correct

thinking and a good moral character contributing towards the building of the

Nation.

29. The Union shall provide inputs, such as technology, investments, machinery, raw

materials, so forth, to the extent possible for changeover from manual to mechanized

agriculture.

30. The Union shall provide inputs, such as technology, investments, machinery, raw

materials, so forth, to the extent possible, for development of industries.

31. The Union shall, to the extent possible, assist to reduce unemployment among the

people.

8

26/ (u) EdkifiHh0efxrf;rsm;onf ygwDEdkifiHa&;ESifh uif;&Sif;&rnf?( c ) EdkifiHawmfonf EdkifiHh0efxrf;rsm;\ vkyfief;cGiftmrcHcsuf&&Sda&;?

pm;0wfaerIzlvHka&;? tdrfaxmif&SiftrsKd;orD;0efxrf;rsm; rD;zGm;jcif;qdkif&mtusKd;cHpm;cGifh&&Sda&;ESifh tNidrf;pm;0efxrf;rsm; pm;0wfaerI oufomacsmifcsda&;wdkYtwGuf vdktyfonfhOya'rsm; jy|mef;&rnf/

27/ EdkifiHawmfonf trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufckdifrma&;ESifh apmifha&Smufxdef;odrf;a&;twGuf ulnDaqmif&Gufrnf/

28/ EdkifiHawmfonf -(u) jynfolrsm;\ ynma&;ESifhusef;rma&; wdk;wufapa&;wdk YtwGuf

tav;xm;aqmif&Guf&rnf?( c ) jynfolrsm;\ ynma&;ESifhusef;rma&;wdkYwGif wdkif;&if;om;jynfolrsm;u

yg0ifaqmiff½GufEdkif&ef vdktyfrnfhOya' jy|mef;aqmif&Guf&rnf?( * ) tcrJhroifrae& rlvwef;ynma&;pepf azmfaqmif&rnf?(C) bufpHktawG;tac: t,ltqrSefuefí tusihfpm&dwåaumif;rGefNyD;

EdkifiHawmfwnfaqmufa&;twGuf tusKd;jyKrnfh acwfrDynma&;pepfazmfaqmif&rnf/

29/ EkdifiHawmfonf vufrIv,f,mrSpufrIv,f,modkY ul;ajymif;Ekdif&ef enf;ynm?t&if;tESD;? pufypönf;? ukefMurf; tp&SdonfwdkYudk twwfEdkifqHk; jznfhqnf;&rnf/

30/ EkdifiHawmfonf pufrIvufrIvkyfief;rsm; wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf vdktyfonfhenf;ynm? t&if;tESD;? pufypönf;? ukefMurf; tp&SdonfwdkYudk twwfEdkifqHk;jznfhqnf;&rnf/

31/ EkdifiHawmfonf jynfolrsm; tvkyfvufrJhenf;yg;ap&ef wwfEdkiforQ ulnDaqmif&Guf&rnf/

8

32. The Union shall :

(a) care for mothers and children, orphans, fallen Defence Services personnel’s

children, the aged and the disabled;

(b) ensure disabled ex-Defence Services personnel a decent living and free

vocational training.

33. The Union shall strive for youth to have strong and dynamic patriotic spirit, the

correct way of thinking and to develop the five noble strengths.

34. Every citizen is equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right to freely

profess and practise religion subject to public order, morality or health and to the other

provisions of this Constitution.

35. The economic system of the Union is market economy system.

36. The Union shall :

(a) permit all economic forces such as the State, regional organizations, co-

operatives, joint-ventures, private individual, so forth, to take part in

economic activities for the development of National economy;

(b) protect and prevent acts that injure public interests through monopolization

or manipulation of prices by an individual or group with intent to endanger

fair competition in economic activities;

(c) strive to improve the living standards of the people and development of

investments;

9

32/ EdkifiHawmfonf -(u) rdcifESihfuav;oli,frsm;? rdbrJhuav;rsm;? usqHk;aomwyfrawmfom;

rsm;\ uav;rsm;? tdkrif;rpGrf;olrsm;? roefrpGrf;olrsm;tm; Munfh½Iapmihfa&Smuf&rnf?

( c ) roefrpGrf;jzpfvmaom wyfrawmfom;rsm;tm; oihfwifhavsmufywfpGmaexdkifpm;aomufEkdifap&efESihf toufarG;ynmudk tcvGwfoif,lEkdifap&ef pDrHaqmif&Guf&rnf/

33/ EkdifiHawmfonf vli,frsm; rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf &Sifoefxufjrufa&;? tawG;tac:rSefuefa&;ESihf Avig;wef wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;a&;wdkYtwGuf aqmif&Guf&rnf/

34/ Nidrf0yfydjym;a&;ESih faomfvnf;aumif;? jynfolYudk,fusih fw&m;ESif haomfvnf;aumif;? jynfolYusef;rma&;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? þzJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ygtjcm;jy|mef;csufwdkYESihfaomfvnf;aumif; rqefYusifvQif EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf bmomomoema&;wGif vGwfvyfpGm,lqEkdifaom tcGihfta&;? vGwfvyfpGmudk;uG,faqmufwnfEkdifaom tcGihfta&;wdkYudk tnDtrQ&&Sdap&rnf/

35/ EkdifiHawmf\pD;yGm;a&;pepfonf aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepf jzpfonf/

36/ EkdifiHawmfonf -(u) trsKd;om;pD;yGm;a&; wdk;wufzGUHNzdK;a&;twGuf EdkifiHawmf? a'oqdkif&m

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? or0g,rtzGJUtpnf;rsm;? zufpyftzGJUtpnf;rsm;?yk*¾vduponfh pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;pktm;vHk;udk pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGifyg0ifaqmif&GufcGifhjyKonf?

( c ) pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif w&m;ojzifh,SOfNydKifjcif;udk ysufjym;ap&efwpfOD;wpfa,mufujzpfap? tpktzJGUujzpfap vuf0g;BuD;tkyfaqmif&GufrI odkYr[kwf aps;upm;rIjyKjcif;jzifh trsm;jynfolwdkY\tusKd;pD;yGm;udk xdcdkufepfemapjcif;rS wm;qD;umuG,frnf?

( * ) trsm;jynfolwdkY\ aexdkifrItqifhtwef;jr§ifhwifa&;ESihf taxGaxGt&if;tESD;rsm; wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;a&;wdkYudk a&S;½Iaqmif&Gufrnf?

9

(d) not nationalize economic enterprises;

(e) not demonetize the currency legally in circulation.

37. The Union :

(a) is the ultimate owner of all lands and all natural resources above and below

the ground, above and beneath the water and in the atmosphere in the

Union;

(b) shall enact necessary law to supervise extraction and utilization of State-

owned natural resources by economic forces;

(c) shall permit citizens right of private property, right of inheritance, right of

private initiative and patent in accord with the law.

38. (a) Every citizen shall have the right to elect and be elected in accord with the

law.

(b) Electorate concerned shall have the right to recall elected people’s

representatives in accord with the provisions of this Constitution.

39. The Union shall enact necessary law to systematically form political parties for

flourishing of a genuine, disciplined multi-party democratic system.

40. (a) If there arises a state of emergency characterized by inability to perform

executive functions in accord with the provisions of the Constitution in a

Region or a State or a Self-Administered Area, the President is empowered

to exercise executive power in that Region, State or Self-Administered

Area and, if necessary in doing so, the President is empowered to exercise

10

(C) pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;udk EdkifiHydkifodrf;,ljcif;rjyK?( i ) w&m;0ifxkwfa0xm;aom aiGaMu;udk w&m;r0ifaiGaMu;tjzpf

owfrSwfjcif;rjyK/

37/ EdkifiHawmfonf -(u) EkdifiHawmf&Sd ajrtm;vHk;? ajray:ajratmuf? a&ay:a&atmuf ESifh avxk

twGif;&Sd o,HZmwypönf;tm;vHk;\ yif&if;ydkif&Sif jzpfonf?( c ) EdkifiHydkifo,HZmwypönf;rsm;tm; pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;pkrsm;u xkwf,l

okH;pGJjcif;udk uGyfuJBuD;MuyfEdkif&ef vdktyfonfhOya' jy|mef;&rnf?( * ) EdkifiHom;rsm;tm; ypönf;ydkifqdkifcGifh? tarGqufcHcGifh? udk,fydkifvkyfudkifcGifh?

wDxGifcGifhESifh rlydkifcGifhwkdYudk Oya'jy|mef;csufESifhtnD cGifhjyK&rnf/

38/ (u) EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf Oya'ESifhtnD a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcGifhESifha&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifh &Sdonf?

( c ) a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;aom jynfolUudk,fpm;vS,fudk oufqdkif&mrJqE&Sifrsm;u þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif jy|mef;xm;csufrsm;ESifh tnDwm0efrSjyefvnf½kyfodrf;cGifh &Sdonf/

39/ Ed kifiHawmfonf ppfrSefí pnf;urf;jynfh0aom ygwDpH k'Drd kua&pDpepfxGef;um;a&;twGuf EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;udk pepfwuszGJUpnf;Edkif&ef vdktyfonfhOya'jy|mef;aqmif&Guf&rnf/

40/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD;wpfckwGifjzpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fwGifjzpfap? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpkwpfpkwGifjzpfap? tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;udkþzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&GufEdkkifjcif;r&Sdonfh ta&;ay:tajctae ay:aygufvQif EdkifiHawmfor®wonfxdkwdkif;a'oBuD;? jynfe,f odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpk\tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&mtcGifhtmPmudk okH;pGJaqmif&GufcGihf&Sdonf/ xdkodkYaqmif&Guf&mü vdktyfvQif xdkwdkif;a'oBuD;? jynfe,f okdYr[kwfudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpkESifh oufqdkifonfh Oya'jyKtcGifhtmPmrsm;udk

10

legislative powers concerning that Region, State or Self-Administered Area

in accord with the provisions of this Constitution.

(b) If there arises or there is sufficient reason to arise a state of emergency

endangering life and property of the people in a Region, State or Self-

Administered Area, the Defence Services has the right, in accord with the

provisions of this Constitution, to prevent that danger and provide

protection.

(c) If there arises a state of emergency that could cause disintegration of the

Union, disintegration of national solidarity and loss of sovereign power or

attempts therefore by wrongful forcible means such as insurgency or

violence, the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services has the right

to take over and exercise State sovereign power in accord with the

provisions of this Constitution.

41. The Union practises independent, active and non-aligned foreign policy aimed at

world peace and friendly relations with nations and upholds the principles of peaceful co-

existence among nations.

42. (a) The Union shall not commence aggression against any nation.

(b) No foreign troops shall be permitted to be deployed in the territory of the

Union.

43. No Penal law shall be enacted to provide retrospective effect.

44. No penalty shall be prescribed that violates human dignity.

45. The Union shall protect and conserve natural environment.

11

þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif owfrSwfjy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD EdkifiHawmfor®wu okH;pGJaqmif&GufcGihf &Sdonf?

( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD;wpfckwGifjzpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fwGifjzpfap? udk,fydkiftkyffcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpkwpfpkwGifjzpfap? jynfolrsm;\ touftdk;tdrfpnf;pdrfudk xdyg;tEÅ&m,fjyKrnfh ta&;ay:tajctae ay:aygufvQifodkYr[kwf ay:ayguf&ef vkHavmufaomtaMumif;&SdvQif xdktEÅ&m,fudkwyfrawmfonf þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif owfrSwfjy|mef;xm;csufrsm;ESifhtnD wm;qD;umuG,fapmifha&SmufcGifh &Sdonf?

( * ) EdkifiHawmf\ tcsKyftjcmtmPmudk qlylaomif;usef;rI? tMurf;zufrIpaom t"r®enf;jzifh &,l&efaqmif&Gufjcif;? odkYr[kwf BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfjcif;aMumifh jynfaxmifpkNydKuGJaprnfh? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nDñGwfrINydKuGJaprnfh odkYr[kwf tcsKyftjcmtmPm vufvGwfqkH;½IH;aprnhf ta&;ay:tajctaeay:aygufvQif wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfonf EdkifiHawmftmPmudk þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'wGifowfrSwfjy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD &,lokH;pGJcGifh &Sdonf/

41/ EdkifiHawmfonf vGwfvyfíwuf<uNyD; buffrvdkufaom EdkifiHjcm;a&;0g'udkusifhokH;onf/ urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh EdkifiHtcsif;csif; rdwf0wfrysufaygif;zuf qufqHHa&;udka&S;½Ionf/ EdkifiHtcsif;csif; Nidrf;csrf;pGmtwl,SOfwGJaexdkifa&;rlrsm;udk apmifhxdef;onf/

42/ (u) EdkifiHawmfonf rnfonfhEdkifiHukdrQ pwifusL;ausmfwdkufcdkufjcif;rjyK?( c ) EdkifiHawmftwGif; rnfonfhEdkifiHjcm;wyfzGJUudkrQ wyfcscGifhrjyK/

43/ rnfonfhjypfrIqdkif&mOya'rQ aemufaMumif;jyeftmPm oufa&mufap&efjy|mef;cGifh r&Sdap&/

44/ vlYodu©mnd§K;EGrf;ao;odrfaponfh jypf'Pfjy|mef;cGifh r&Sdap&/

45/ EdkifiHawmfonf obm0ywf0ef;usifudk umuG,fxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&rnf/

11

46. A Constitutional Tribunal shall be set up to interpret the provisions of the Constitution,

to scrutinize whether or not laws enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the Region Hluttaws

and the State Hluttaws and functions of executive authorities of Pyidaungsu, Regions,

States and Self-Administered Areas are in conformity with the Constitution, to decide on

disputes relating to the Constitution between Pyidaungsu and Regions, between Pyidaungsu

and States, among Regions, among States, and between Regions or States and Self-

Administered Areas and among Self-Administered Areas themselves, and to perform other

duties prescribed in this Constitution.

47. The Basic Principles set forth in this Chapter, and Chapter 8, Citizen, Fundamental

Rights, and Duties of the Citizen, the term “Union” means person or body exercising the

legislative or executive authority of the Union under this Constitution according as the

context may require.

48. The Basic Principles of the Union shall be the guidance in enacting laws by legislature

and in interpreting the provisions of this Constitution and other laws.

12

46/ þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;udk teuft"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkjcif;?jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf? wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmfrsm;ESifh jynfe,fvTwfawmfrsm;ujy|mef;onfh Oya'rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpk? wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;? jynfe,frsm;ESifh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpkrsm;\ tkyfcsKyfrIqdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh nDñGwfrI&Sd?r&Sdpdppfjcif;?jynfaxmifpkESifh wdkif;a'oBuD;tMum;? jynfaxmifpkESifh jynfe,ftMum;? wdkif;a'oBuD;tcsif;csif;? jynfe,ftcsif;csif;? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fESifh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpktMum;? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpktcsif;csif; jzpfay:onfh EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk Mum;emqHk;jzwfjcif;ESifh þzGJUpnf;yHk tajccHOya'utyfESif;onfh tjcm;wm0efrsm; aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYudk jyKEdkif&ef EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&m cHk½Hk;wpf½Hk;udk zGJUpnf;&rnf/

47/ þtcef;ygtajccHrlrsm;ESifh tcef;(8)? EdkifiHom;? EdkifiHom;rsm;\ rlvtcGifhta&;ESifhwm0efrsm; tcef;wGifyg&Sdaom ]]EdkifiHawmf}} qdkonfrSm a&SUaemuf pum;&yfwdkY\ t"dyÜm,fudkaxmufí þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& Oya'jyKrItcGifhtmPmudkaomfvnf;aumif;? tkyfcsKyfrItcGifhtmPmudkaomfvnf;aumif; usifhoHk;aomtzGJUtpnf; odkYr[kwf yk*¾dKvfudkqdkvdkonf/

48/ EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;onf Oya'jyKvTwfawmfrsm;u Oya'jy|mef;&mwGifvnf;aumif;? þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifh tjcm;Oya'rsm;yg jy|mef;csufrsm;udkoufqdkif&mu teuft"dyÜm,fzGifhqdk&mwGifvnf;aumif; vdkufem&rnfhvrf;ñTefrsm;jzpfonf/

12

Chapter IIState Structure

tcef; (2)tcef; (2)tcef; (2)tcef; (2)tcef; (2)EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufykHEdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufykHEdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufykHEdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufykHEdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufykH

Chapter II

State Structure

49. The Union is delineated and constituted by seven Regions, seven States and the

Union territories as follows :

(a) Kachin State;

(b) Kayah State;

(c) Kayin State;

(d) Chin State;

(e) Sagaing Region;

(f) Taninthayi Region;

(g) Bago Region;

(h) Magway Region;

(i) Mandalay Region;

(j) Mon State;

(k) Rakhine State;

(l) Yangon Region;

(m) Shan State;

(n) Ayeyawady Region; and

(o) Union territories.

50. (a) Nay Pyi Taw, the capital of the Union, prescribed as Union territory, shall be

under the direct administration of the President.

tcef; (2)tcef; (2)tcef; (2)tcef; (2)tcef; (2)EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufykHEd kifiHawmfzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufykHEd kifiHawmfzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufykHEd kifiHawmfzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufykHEd kifiHawmfzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufykH

49/ EdkifiHawmfudk atmufygwdkif;a'oBuD;(7)ck? jynfe,f(7)jynfe,fESihf jynfaxmifpk

e,fajrrsm;jzihf ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfonf -

(u) ucsifjynfe,f?

( c ) u,m;jynfe,f?

( * ) u&ifjynfe,f?

(C) csif;jynfe,f?

( i ) ppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD;?

( p ) weoFm&Dwdkif;a'oBuD;?

(q) yJcl;wdkif;a'oBuD;?

( Z ) rauG;wdkif;a'oBuD;?

(ps) rEÅav;wdkif;a'oBuD;?

(n) rGefjynfe,f?

( # ) &cdkifjynfe,f?

( X ) &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;?

( ! ) &Srf;jynfe,f?

( ¡ ) {&m0wDwdkif;a'oBuD;ESihf

(P) jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm;/

50/ (u) EdkifiHawmf\NrdKUawmfjzpfonhf aejynfawmfudk EdkifiHawmfor®w\

wdkuf½dkuftkyfcsKyfrIatmufwGifxm;&Sdonhf jynfaxmifpke,fajrtjzpf

owfrSwfonf?

(b) If there arises a need to specify areas that have special situations concerning

national defence, security, administration and economy, so forth, those areas

may be prescribed as Union territories under the direct administration of the

President after enacting law.

51. The Union is constituted as follows :

(a) villages are organized as village-tract;

(b) wards are organized as town or township;

(c) village-tracts and wards or towns are organized as township;

(d) townships are organized as district;

(e) districts are organized as Region or State;

(f) townships in a Self-Administered Zone are organized as Self-Administered

Zone;

(g) townships in a Self-Administered Division are organized as District and such

Districts are organized as Self-Administered Division;

(h) If there are Self-Administrated Zone or Self-Administered Division in a

Region or a State, those Self-Administered Divisions, Self-Administered

Zones and Districts are organized as Region or State;

(i) Regions, States and Union territories are organized as the Republic.

52. (a) If there arises a need to re-delineate the territorial boundary of the Union,

the President shall firstly intimate the Head of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw to ask

for the opinion of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

14

( c ) EdkifiHawmf umuG,fa&;? vkHNcKHa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;? pD;yGm;a&;ponfwdkYESihfpyfvsOf;NyD; xl;jcm;aomtajctae&Sdonhfe,fajrrsm;udk jynfaxmifpke,fajrtjzpf owfrSwf&efvdktyfvQif Oya'jy|mef;NyD; EdkifiHawmfor®w\wdkuf½dkuftkyfcsKyfrIatmufwGifxm;&Sdonhf jynfaxmifpke,fajrtjzpfowfrSwfEdkifonf/

51/ EdkifiHawmfudk atmufygtwkdkif; pkpnf;onf -(u) aus;&Gmrsm;udk aus;&Gmtkyfpktjzpf pkpnf;onf?( c ) &yfuGufrsm;udk NrdKU odkYr[kwf NrdKUe,ftjzpf pkpnf;onf?(*) aus;&GmtkyfpkESihf&yfuGufrsm; odkYr[kwf NrdKUrsm;udk NrdKUe,ftjzpfpkpnf;onf?(C) NrdKUe,frsm;udk c½dkiftjzpf pkpnf;onf?( i ) c½dkifrsm;udk wdkif;a'oBuD; odkUr[kwf jynfe,ftjzpf pkpnf;onf?( p ) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'owGif xdka'otwGif;&Sd NrdKUe,frsm;udk udk,fydkif

tkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'otjzpf pkpnf;onf?(q) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif;wGif xdkwdkif;twGif;&Sd NrdKUe,frsm;udk c½dkiftjzpf

pkpnf;NyD; ,if;c½dkifrsm;udk udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif;tjzpf pkpnf;onf?( Z ) wdkif;a'oBuD;wpfck odkYr[kwf jynfe,fwpfe,fwGif udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyf

cGihf&wdkif; odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o&Sdygu udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif;? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oESihf c½dkifrsm;udk wdkif;a'oBuD;odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftjzpf pkpnf;onf?

(ps) wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;? jynfe,frsm;ESihf jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm;udk EdkifiHawmftjzpf pkpnf;onf/

52/ (u) EdkifiHawmfe,fedrdwfudk jyifqifowfrSwf&ef vdktyfygu EdkifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftBuD;trSL;xH EdkifiHawmfe,fedrdwfjyifqifowfrSwfa&;twGuf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmxm;udk&,lay;yg&ef yxrOD;pGm taMumif;Mum;&rnf?

14

(b) The Head of the Pyidaungsu Htuttaw, after receiving the intimation of the

President, shall obtain the opinion of the Hluttaw representatives as follows :

(i) assenting votes of more than half of the total number of representatives

in the Hluttaw, elected in equal numbers from Regions and States;

(ii) assenting votes of more than half of the total number of representatives

in the Hluttaw, elected as representatives on the basis of township as

well as population;

(iii) assenting votes of more than half of the total number of representatives

of the two Hluttaws from the Region or State involved in the boundary

concerned.

(c) The Head of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, after obtaining the assenting votes as

mentioned above, shall inform the President for re-delineating the territorial

boundary of the Union as necessary.

(d) In accord with the above-mentioned procedures, if either of the Hluttaws,

or representatives from the Region or State involved in the territorial boundary

concerned resolve against re-delineation, the opinion of the Pyidaungsu

Hluttaw shall be obtained. If three-fourths and above of the total number of

the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representatives cast assenting votes, the Head of

the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall inform the President to re-delineate the territorial

boundary as necessary.

15

( c ) EdkifiHawmfe,fedrdwf jyifqifowfrSwfa&;twGuf EdkifiHawmfor®w\

taMumif;Mum;pm &&Sdonfhtcg jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftBuD;trSL;onf

atmufygtwdkif; vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;\qE´udk &,l&rnf -

(1) wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;ESihfjynfe,frsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&wlnDpGm

a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;onhf vTwfawmfwGif yg&Sdaom

vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ xuf0ufausmf axmufcHqErJ?

(2) NrdKUe,fudk tajccHívnf;aumif;? vlOD;a&udk tajccHí

vnf;aumif; a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;onhf vTwfawmfwGif

yg&Sdaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ xuf0ufausmf axmufcHqE´rJ?

(3) xdkvTwfawmfESpf&yf&Sd oufqdkif&m e,fedrdwfESihftusKH;0ifaom

wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frS vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;\

xuf0ufausmf axmufcHqErJ/

( * ) txufygtwdkif; axmufcHqErJ toD;oD;&&SdvQif EdkifiHawmf e,fedrdwfudk

vdktyfovdk jyifqifowfrSwfay;&ef jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftBuD;trSL;

u EdkifiHawmfor®wxH taMumif;Mum;&rnf?

(C) txufygowfrSwfxm;aom enf;vrf;rsm;ESih ftnD vTwfawmf

wpf&yf&yfujzpfap? xdkvTwfawmfESpf&yf&Sd oufqdkif&me,fedrdwfESihf

tusKH;0ifaom wdkif;a'oBuD; odk Yr[kwf jynfe,frSvTwfawmf

ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ujzpfap e,fedrdwfjyifqifa&;ESihf pyfvsOf;NyD;

oabmrwlaMumif; qkH;jzwfvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmxm;

udk&,laqmif&Guf&rnf/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,f

pkpkaygif;\ av;ykHokH;ykHESihftxufu axmufcHvQif EdkifiHawmfe,fedrdwfudk

vdktyfovdk jyifqifowfrSwfay;&ef jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftBuD;trSL;

u EdkifiHawmfor®wxH taMumif;Mum;&rnf?

15

(e) The President shall take necessary measures for re-delineation of the

territorial boundary of the Union, as necessary, after obtaining the opinion of

the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

53. (a) If there arises a cause to re-delineate the territorial boundary of a Region or

a State, the prior consent of the electorate residing within the township

concerned shall be obtained.

(b) In obtaining consent, re-delineation of the territorial boundary shall not be

executed at all in the absence of assenting votes of more than half of the total

number of the electorate residing within the township concerned.

(c) If more than half of the total number of eligible voters residing within the

township concerned cast assenting vote for re-delineation of the territorial

boundary, the consent of the Hluttaw representatives of the Region or State

involved in the territorial boundary concerned shall be obtained.

(d) The President shall re-delineate the territorial boundary of the Region or

State concerned with the consent of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, after obtaining

the assenting votes of three-fourths and above of the total number of

representatives from the Region or the State concerned.

(e) The resolution of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be obtained if a Region

Hluttaw or a State Hluttaw concerned decided against re-delineation of the

territorial boundary.

(f) The President shall, as necessary, re-delineate the territorial boundary of a

Region or a State if three-fourths and above of the total number of

representatives in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw assent to the re-delineation of the

territorial boundary.

16

( i ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmxm;udk &&Sdonhftcg EdkifiHawmfe,fedrdwf jyifqifowfrSwfa&;ESifh pyfvsOf;í EdkifiHawmfor®wuvdktyfovdk aqmif&Guf&rnf/

53/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fwpfe,f\ e,fedrdwfudk jyifqifowfrSwf&ef taMumif;ay:aygufvmygu ,if;e,fedrdwfESihf tusKH;0ifonhf NrdKUe,ftwGif; aexdkifMuaom qE´rJay;ydkifcGihf&Sdolrsm;\qEoabmxm;udk OD;pGmyxr&,l&rnf?

( c ) ,if;odkY&,lonhftcg ,if;NrdKUe,ftwGif; aexdkifMuonhf qE´rJay;ydkifcGihf&SdolOD;a& pkpkaygif;\ xuf0ufausmf axmufcHqErJr&vQif,if;e,fedrdwf jyifqifowfrSwfjcif;udk aqmif&Gufjcif; vkH;0rjyK&?

( * ) ,if;NrdKUe,ftwGif; aexdkifMuaomqErJ ay;ydkifcGihf&SdolOD;a&pkpkaygif;\xuf0ufausmfu e,fedrdwfjyifqifoihfaMumif; axmufcHqErJay;vQif,if;e,fedrdwfESihf tusKH;0ifonhf oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwfjynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ qE&,l&rnf?

(C) oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fpkpkaygif;\ av;ykHokH;ykHESihftxuf axmufcHqErJ&&SdvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufudk&,lNyD; EdkifiHawmfor®wu wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fwpfe,f\ e,fedrdwfudk jyifqifowfrSwfay;&rnf?

( i ) oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf wpf&yf&yfue,fedrdwfjyifqif&ef oabmrwlaMumif; qkH;jzwfvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ tqkH;tjzwfudk &,l&rnf?

( p ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&\ av;ykHokH;ykHESihftxufu e,fedrdwfjyifqifoihfaMumif; axmufcHqE´rJay;vQifEdkifiHawmfor®wu wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f\e,fedrdwfudk

vdktyfovdk jyifqifowfrSwfay;&rnf/

16

54. Where there arises a situation to alter or form the territorial boundary or change

the name of a village, village-tract, ward, town, township or district of a Region, State,

Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone concerned, the President shall act,

as necessary, upon the recommendation of the Chief Minister of the Region or State

concerned.

55. If it is desired to change the name of a Self-Administered Division or Self-

Administered Zone, the same procedure shall be applied as in the case of changing the

name of a Region or State.

56. The Self-Administered Divisions and Self-Administered Zones are delineated as

follows :

(a) grouping Leshi, Lahe and Namyun townships in Sagaing Division as Naga

Self-Administered Zone;

(b) grouping Ywangan and Pindaya townships in Shan State as Danu Self-

Administered Zone;

(c) grouping HoPong, HsiHseng and Pinlaung townships in Shan State as Pa-O

Self-Administered Zone;

(d) grouping Namhsan and Manton townships in Shan State as Pa Laung Self-

Administered Zone;

(e) grouping Konkyan and Laukkai townships in Shan State as Kokang Self-

Administered Zone;

17

54/ oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD;? jynfe,f? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif; odkYr[kwf

udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'otwGif;ü&Sdaom aus;&Gm? aus;&Gmtkyfpk? &yfuGuf? NrdKU? NrdKUe,f

odkYr[kwf c½dkife,fedrdwfrsm; jyifqif&ef? zGJUpnf;&ef odkYr[kwf trnfajymif;vJ&ef

ay:aygufvQif oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; odk Yr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu

EdkifiHawmfor®wxH axmufcHwifjyNyD; EdkifiHawmfor®wu vdktyfovdk aqmif&Gufay;

&rnf/

55/ udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif;wpfckck\ trnfudkjzpfap? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o

wpfckck\ trnfudkjzpfap ajymif;vJowfrSwfvdkvQif wdkif;a'oBuD;wpfckck\ trnfudk

jzpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fe,f\ trnfudkjzpfap ajymif;vJowfrSwfonhf enf;vrf;twdkif;

ajymif;vJowfrSwf&rnf/

56/ ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wkdif;ESifh ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'orsm;ukd atmufygtwkdif;

owfrSwfonf -

(u) ppfudkif;wdkif;&Sd av&SD;NrdKUe,f? v[,fNrdKUe,fESihf eef;,Gef;NrdKUe,fwdkYudk

pkpnf;NyD; em*udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o?

( c ) &Srf;jynfe,f&S d &GmiHNrdKUe,fESih f yif;w,NrdKUe,fwdk Yudk pkpnf;NyD;

"Ekudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o?

( * ) &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd [kdykef;NrdKUe,f? qDqdkifNrdKUe,fESihf yifavmif;NrdKUe,fwdkYudk

pkpnf;NyD; ytdk0f;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o?

(C) &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd erhfqefNrdKUe,fESihf refwkHNrdKUe,fwdkYudk pkpnf;NyD; yavmif

udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o?

( i ) &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd ukef;Murf;NrdKUe,fESihf avmufudkifNrdKUe,fwdkYudk pkpnf;NyD;

udk;uefYudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o?

17

(f) grouping six townships – Hopang, Mongma, Panwai, Nahpan, Metman and

Pangsang (Pankham) townships in Shan State as two districts which are

forged into ‘Wa’ Self-Administered Division.

18

( p ) &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd [dkyefNrdKUe,f? rdkif;armNrdKUe,f? yef0dkifNrdKUe,f? em;zef;NrdKUe,f?rufref;NrdKUe,fESihf yefqef;(yef;crf;)NrdKUe,f ajcmufNrdKUe,f wdkYudk c½dkifESpfc½dkifzGJUNyD; ]]0}} udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif;/

18

Chapter IIIHead of State

tcef; (3)tcef; (3)tcef; (3)tcef; (3)tcef; (3)EdkifiHawmf tBuD;tuJEdkifiHawmf tBuD;tuJEdkifiHawmf tBuD;tuJEdkifiHawmf tBuD;tuJEdkifiHawmf tBuD;tuJ

Chapter III

The President and Vice-Presidents

57. The President and Vice-Presidents represent the Union.

58. The President of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar takes precedence over

all other persons throughout the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

59. Qualifications of the President and Vice-Presidents are as follows :

(a) shall be loyal to the Union and its citizens;

(b) shall be a citizen of Myanmar who was born of both parents who were born

in the territory under the jurisdiction of the Union and being Myanmar

Nationals;

(c) shall be an elected person who has attained at least the age of 45;

(d) shall be well acquainted with the affairs of the Union such as political,

administrative, economic and military;

(e) shall be a person who has resided continuously in the Union for at least 20

years up to the time of his election as President;

Proviso: An official period of stay in a foreign country with the permission of

the Union shall be counted as a residing period in the Union;

(f) shall he himself, one of the parents, the spouse, one of the legitimate children

or their spouses not owe allegiance to a foreign power, not be subject of a

tcef; (3)tcef; (3)tcef; (3)tcef; (3)tcef; (3)EdkifiHawmfor®wESifh 'kwd,or®wrsm;EdkifiHawmfor®wESifh 'kwd,or®wrsm;EdkifiHawmfor®wESifh 'kwd,or®wrsm;EdkifiHawmfor®wESifh 'kwd,or®wrsm;EdkifiHawmfor®wESifh 'kwd,or®wrsm;

57/ EdkifiHawmfor®wESifh 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf EdkifiHawmfudk udk,fpm;jyKonf/

58/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmf wpf0ef;vkH;wGif

EdkifiHom;tm;vkH;\ txGwftxdyfae&m &&Sdonf/

59/ EdkifiHawmfor®wESihf 'kwd,or®wrsm;\ t&nftcsif;rsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;

jzpfonf -

(u) EdkifiHawmfESihf EdkifiHom;rsm;tay: opöm&Sdol jzpf&rnf?

( c ) rdrdESih frdrd\rdbESpfyg;vkH; EdkifiHawmf\tmPm ydkifeuftwGif;ü

arG;zGm;aom wdkif;&if;om;rSjzpfonhf jrefrmEdkifiHom; jzpf&rnf?

( * ) a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufjcif;cH&olonf tenf;qkH; touf 45 ESpfjynfhNyD;ol

jzpf&rnf?

(C) EdkifiHawmfta&;t&mrsm;jzpfaom EdkifiHa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;? pD;yGm;a&;?

ppfa&;ponhf tjrifrsm;&Sd&rnf?

( i ) or®wtjzpf a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufcH&onhf tcsdefESihfwpfqufwnf;

tenf;qkH;tESpf 20 EdkifiHawmfwGif tajccsaexdkifcJholjzpf&rnf?

>cif;csuf/ EdkifiHawmf\cGifhjyKcsufjzifh EdkifiHjcm;odkY w&m;0ifoGm;a&mufonfh

umvrsm;udkvnf; EdkifiHawmfwGif tajccsaexdkifcJhonfh umv

tjzpf xnfhoGif;a&wGuf&rnf/

( p ) rdrdudk,fwdkifaomfvnf;aumif;? rdrd\rdb wpfyg;yg; aomfvnf;aumif;?

rdrd\ZeD; odk Yr[kwf cifyGef;aomfvnf;aumif;? rdrd\ w&m;0if

om;orD;wpfOD;OD;aomfvnf;aumif;? xdkw&m;0ifom;orD;wpfOD;OD;\ ZeD;

foreign power or citizen of a foreign country. They shall not be persons

entitled to enjoy the rights and privileges of a subject of a foreign government

or citizen of a foreign country;

(g) shall possess prescribed qualifications of the President, in addition to

qualifications prescribed to stand for election to the Hluttaw.

60. (a) The President shall be elected by the Presidential Electoral College.

(b) The Presidential Electoral College shall be formed with three groups of the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representatives as follows :

(i) group formed with elected Hluttaw representatives in the Hluttaw with

an equal number of representatives elected from Regions and States;

(ii) group formed with elected Hluttaw representatives in the Hluttaw

elected on the basis of township and population;

(iii) group formed with the Defence Services personnel Hluttaw

representatives nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence

Services for the said two Hluttaws.

(c) Each group shall elect a Vice-President from among the Hluttaw

representatives or from among persons who are not Hluttaw representatives.

20

odkYr[kwf cifyGef;aomfvnf;aumif; EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&\ aus;Zl;opömawmfudk cH,lapmihfa&Smuf½dkaool odkYr[kwf EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&\ vufatmufcHjzpfol odkYr[kwf wdkif;wpfyg;\ EdkifiHom;jzpfolrsm; rjzpfap&? xdkolrsm;onf EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&\ vufatmufcHjzpfolaomfvnf;aumif;?wdkif;wpfyg;\ EdkifiHom;aomfvnf;aumif; cHpm;&aom tcGihfta&;rsm;ESihf aus;Zl;cHpm;cGihfrsm;udk cHpm;EdkifcGihf&Sdolrsm; rjzpfap&?

(q) vTwfawmfa&G;aumufyGJü a&G;aumufwifajr§muf cHydkifcGihftwGufowfrSwfxm;onhf t&nftcsif;rsm;tjyif EdkifiHawmfor®wtwGufoD;jcm;owfrSwfxm;aom t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihfvnf; jynfhpkH&rnf/

60/ (u) EdkifiHawmfor®wudk or®wa&G;cs,fwifajr§mufa&;tzGJUjzihf a&G;cs,fwifajr§muf&rnf?

( c ) or®wa&G;cs,fwifajr§mufa&;tzGJUudk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftpktzGJUoHk;zGJUjzifh atmufygtwdkif; zGJUpnf;&rnf -(1) wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;ESihf jynfe,frsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& wlnDpGm

a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonhf vTwfawmf&Sd a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;cH&aom vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJU?

(2) NrdKUe,fudktajccHívnf;aumif;? vlOD;a&udktajccHí vnf;aumif; a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonhfvTwfawmf&Sd a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;cH&onhf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJU?

(3) azmfjyygvTwfawmfESpf&yftwGuf wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfutrnfpm&if;wifoGif;onhf wyfrawmfom;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJU/

( * ) ,if;tpktzGJUwpfzGJUpDu'kwd,or®wwpfOD;pDudk vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJrSjzpfap? vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fr[kwfolrsm;xJrS jzpfapa&G;cs,fwifajr§muf&rnf?

20

(d) The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and a Body comprising the Heads and Deputy

Heads of the two Hluttaws in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall scrutinize whether

or not the Vice-Presidents possess the qualifications prescribed for the

President.

(e) The Presidential Electoral College comprising all the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

representatives shall elect by vote one of the three Vice-Presidents who are

Presidential candidates, as the President.

(f) Necessary law shall be enacted for the election of President and Vice-

Presidents.

61. (a) The term of office of the President or the Vice-Presidents is five years.

(b) After the expiry of the incumbent term, the President and the Vice-Presidents

shall continue their duties until the time the new President is duly elected.

(c) The President and the Vice-Presidents shall not serve more than two terms.

(d) An interim period to serve as the President or the Vice-President shall not

be counted as one term of office.

(e) If a vacancy is filled for the President or the Vice-President for any reason,

the term of office of the new President or the new Vice-President shall be up

to the expiry of the original term of office.

62. The President or the Vice-Presidents shall not be representative of any Hluttaw.

63. If the President or the Vice-Presidents are Hluttaw representatives, they shall be

deemed to have resigned from their seats in that Hluttaw, and if the President or the Vice-

21

(C) 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf EdkifiHawmfor®wtwGuf owfrSwfxm;onfht&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf jynhfpkHjcif;&Sd?r&Sdudk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfESihfjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGif yg0ifaom vTwfawmfESpf&yf\ tBuD;trSL;rsm;ESihf 'kwd,tBuD;trSL;rsm; yg0ifonhftzGJUu pdppf&rnf?

( i ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tm;vkH;yg0ifaom or®wa&G;cs,fwifajr§mufa&;tzGJUu EdkifiHawmfor®wavmif;rsm;jzpfonhf 'kwd,or®woHk;OD;teuf rdrdwdkYBudKufESpfoufonhf 'kwd,or®wwpfOD;udkEdkifiHawmfor®wtjzpf qErJay; a&G;cs,fwifajr§muf&rnf?

( p ) xdkodkY EdkifiHawmfor®wESifh 'kwd,or®wrsm; a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufEdkif&efvdktyfonhfOya'udk jy|mef;ay;&rnf/

61/ (u) EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wwdkY\ &mxl;oufwrf;onfig;ESpf jzpfonf?

( c ) ,if;&mxl;oufwrf; ukefqkH;onhftcg EdkifiHawmfor®wtopf a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufNyD;onhf tcsdeftxd EdkifiHawmfor®wESihf 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\vkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk qufvufxrf;aqmif&rnf?

( * ) EdkifiHawmfor®wESihf 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf &mxl;oufwrf; ESpfBudrfxufydkí xrf;aqmifjcif;rjyK&?

(C) EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wtjzpf Mum;jzwfwm0ef,l&onhfumvudk &mxl;oufwrf;wpfck[k rowfrSwf&?

( i ) taMumif;wpf&yf&yfaMumihf EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®w&mxl;ae&m vpfvyfonhftwGuf tpm;xdk;a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufygu,if;EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kkwd,or®wtopf\ &mxl;oufwrf;onf rlv&mxl;oufwrf;ukefqkH;onftxdom jzpf&rnf/

62/ EdkifiHawmfor®w odk Yr[kwf 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf rnfonhfvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frQ rjzpfap&/

63/ EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfvQif vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSvnf;aumif;? EdkifiHh0efxrf;jzpfvQif EdkifiHh

21

Presidents are the Civil Services personnel, they shall be deemed to have resigned or

retired from their offices from the day of their election.

64. If the President or the Vice-Presidents are members of a political party, they shall

not take part in its party activities during their term of office from the day of their election.

65. The President and the Vice-Presidents shall make an affirmation as follows:

“I ........... do solemnly and sincerely promise and declare that I will be loyal to the

Republic of the Union of Myanmar and the citizens and hold always in esteem

non-disintegration of the Union, non-disintegration of national solidarity and

perpetuation of sovereignty.

I will uphold and abide by the Constitution and its Laws. I will carry out the

responsibilities uprightly to the best of my ability and strive for further flourishing

the eternal principles of justice, liberty and equality. I will dedicate myself to the

service of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.”

66. The President or the Vice-Presidents shall exercise duties and powers vested by

this Constitution and other laws.

67. The President and the Vice-Presidents shall not hold any other office or position

of emolument.

22

0efxrf;tjzpfrSvnf;aumif; EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wrsm;tjzpf a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufjcif;cH&onhfaeYrSpí EkwfxGufNyD; odkYr[kwf tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;jzpfonf [krSwf,l&rnf/

64/ EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf EdkifiHa&;ygwDwpfckck\ tzGJU0ifjzpfvQif EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wrsm;tjzpf a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufjcif;cH&onhfaeYrSpí rdrdwdkY&mxl;oufwrf;twGif; ,if;ygwDtzGJUtpnf;\ ygwDvkyfief;rsm;wGifyg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;rjyK&/

65/ EdkifiHawmfor®wESifh 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf atmufygtwdkif; uwdopömjyK&rnf –

]]uREkfyf——onf jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmfESihf EdkifiHom;rsm;tay: opömapmihfod½dkaoNyD; jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&;? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nDñGwfrIrNydKuGJa&;?tcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfwHhcdkifNrJa&;wdkYudk xm0pOfOD;xdyfyefqif aqmif&Gufygrnf/uREkfyfonf þEdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'udk xdef;odrf;apmifhodvdkufem½dkaoNyD; EdkifiHawmf\Oya'rsm;udk vdkufemusihfokH;aqmif&Gufygrnf/ rdrd\ wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk ajzmihfrwfrSefuefpGmjzihf tpGrf;ukefaqmif&Gufygrnf/ jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmfwGif w&m;rQwjcif;? vGwfvyfjcif;ESihf nDrQjcif;wnf;[laomavmuygvw&m;rsm; ydkrdkxGef;um;a&;twGuf aqmif&Gufygrnf/uREkfyfonf jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmftusKd;iSm EdkifiHawmftm; rdrd\toufESihfudk,fudktyfESif;onf[k av;eufwnfMunfpGm aMunmí uwdopömjyKonf}}

66/ EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESihftjcm;Oya'rsm;u tyfESif;xm;aom wm0efESihfvkyfydkifcGihfrsm;udk usifhokH;xrf;aqmif&rnf/

67/ EdkifiHawmfor®wESihf 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf vpm? p&dwf? aiGaMu;&aom tjcm;rnfonhf&mxl;udkrQ vufcHjcif;rjyK&/

22

68. The President and the Vice-Presidents shall furnish a list of family assets under his

direction, namely land, houses, buildings, businesses, savings and other valuables together

with their values to the Head of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

69. The President and the Vice-Presidents shall receive the emoluments, allowances

and insignia of office as prescribed by law. Each shall also be provided with an appropriate

official residence.

70. Except in the case of removal from office following impeachment, the President

and the Vice-Presidents shall enjoy pension and suitable allowances on retirement in accord

with the law after the expiry of the term of office.

71. (a) The President or any Vice-President may be impeached for one of the

following reasons :

(i) high treason;

(ii) breach of the provisions of this Constitution;

(iii) misconduct;

(iv) being disqualified for the President or Vice-President under provisions

as prescribed in this Constitution;

(v) inefficient discharge of duties assigned by law.

(b) If it be required to impeach the President or any Vice-President, a charge

signed by not less than one-fourth of the total number of representatives of

either Hluttaw included in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be submitted to the

Head of the Hluttaw concerned.

(c) Action shall proceed only when this charge is supported by not less than

two-thirds of the total number of representatives of the Hluttaw concerned.

23

68/ EdkifiHawmfor®wESihf 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf rdrdwdkYOD;pD;onhf wpfpD;yGm;wnf;jzpfaom rdom;pkydkif ajr? tdrf? taqmufttkH? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;? pkaiGESihf tjcm;tzdk;wefypönf;rsm;udk wefzdk;ESihfwuG pm&if;jyKpkNyD; jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tBuD;trSL;xHay;ydkY&rnf/

69/ EdkifiHawmfor®wESihf 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf Oya'jzihfowfrSwfxm;onhf vpm?p&dwfESihf taqmifta,mifrsm; &&Sdap&rnf/ oihfwihfavsmufywfonhf tdrfawmfwpfaqmifpDudkvnf; &&Sdap&rnf/

70/ EdkifiHawmfor®wESihf 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf pGyfpGJjypfwifcH&í &mxl;rS &yfpJcH&jcif;rSty wm0efNyD;qkH;ojzihf tem;,lygu Oya'ESifhtnD tNidrf;pm;vpmESifh oifhwihfavsmufywfaom axmufyHhrIrsm; &&Sdap&rnf/

71/ (u) EdkifiHawmfor®wudkjzpfap? 'kwd,or®wwpfOD;OD;udkjzpfap atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzihf pGyfpJGjypfwifEdkifonf -(1) EdkifiHawmf\aus;Zl;opömawmfudk azmufzsufjcif;?(2) þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;udk azmufzsuf

usL;vGefjcif;?(3) tusihfodu©mysufjym;jcif;?(4) þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif jy|mef;xm;aom EdkifiHawmfor®w

odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®w\t&nftcsif; ysuf,Gif;jcif;?(5) Oya't&ay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;ukd ausyGefpGmraqmif&Gufjcif;/

( c ) EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wwpfOD;OD;udk pGyfpGJjypfwifvdkygujynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGifyg0ifaom vTwfawmfESpf&yfrS vTwfawmfwpf&yf&yf\ vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qkH;av;ykHwpfykHu vufrSwfa&;xdk;NyD; rdrdwdkY\pGyfpJGcsufudk oufqdkif&mvTwfawmftBuD;trSL;xH wifjy&rnf?

( * ) ,if;pGyfpGJcsufudk oufqdkif&mvTwfawmf\ vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fpkpkaygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qkH; okH;yHkESpfykHuaxmufcHrSom qufvufta&;,laqmif&Guf&rnf?

23

(d) If one Hluttaw supports the taking of action, the other Hluttaw shall form a

Body to investigate this charge.

(e) The President or the Vice-President shall have the right to refuse the charge

himself in person or through a representative when it is investigated.

(f) If, after the investigation, not less than two-thirds of the total number of

representatives of the Hluttaw which investigated the charge or caused the

investigation to be initiated passed the resolution that the charge has been

substantiated and renders the President or the Vice-President unfit to continue

in office, the Hluttaw concerned shall submit to the Head of the Pyidaungsu

Hluttaw such resolution to remove the impeached President or the impeached

Vice-President from office.

(g) The Head of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall declare the removal of the President

or the Vice-President immediately after the receipt of the submission.

72. The President or any of the Vice-Presidents shall be allowed to resign from office

of his own volition before the expiry of the term of office.

73. (a) One of the two Vice-Presidents who has won the second highest votes in

the Presidential election shall serve as Acting President if the office of the

President falls vacant due to his resignation, death, permanent disability or

any other cause.

24

(C) vTwfawmfwpf&yf&yfu pGyfpGJcsufudk ta&;,laqmif&Guf&ef axmufcHvQif tjcm;vTwfawmfwpf&yfu ,if;pGyfpGJcsufudktzGJUzGJUí pkHprf;ppfaq;&rnf?

( i ) pGyfpGJcsufudkpkHprf;ppfaq;onhftcg EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®w udk,fwdkifaomfvnf;aumif;? udk,fpm;vS,fjzihfaomfvnf;aumif;acsycGihfay;&rnf?

( p ) pGyfpGJcsufudk pkHprf;ppfaq;NyD;onhftcg pGyfpGJcsufudk ppfaq;aom odkYr[kwfpkHprf;ppfaq;apaomvTwfawmf\ vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qkH;okH;ykHESpfykHu xdkpGyfpGJcsufonf rSefuefNyD;pGyfpGJcH&aomjypfrIonf EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wtm;&mxl;wGif qufvufxrf;&Gufap&ef roihfaMumif;qkH;jzwfvQif pGyfpGJcH&aom EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wtm; &mxl;rS&yfpJ&ef,if;vTwfawmfu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftBuD;trSL;xH wifjy&rnf?

(q) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftBuD;trSL;onf wifjycsuf &&SdvQif&&Sdcsif;pGyfpGJcH&aom EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wtm; &mxl;rS&yfpJaMumif; aMunm&rnf/

72/ EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®w wpfOD;OD;onf rdrd\&mxl;oufwrf;rukefqkH;rD qEtavsmufEkwfxGufvdkvQif EkwfxGufcGihfjyK&rnf/

73/ (u) EdkifiHawmfor®wonf &mxl;oufwrf; rukefqkH;rDEkwfxGufaomaMumihfjzpfap? uG,fvGefaomaMumihfjzpfap? xm0pOfrpGrf;aqmifEdkifaomaMumihfjzpfap? wpfpkHwpfckaom taMumif;aMumihfjzpfap EdkifiHawmfor®w&mxl;ae&m vpfvyfvQif 'kwd,or®wESpfOD;teuf EdkifiHawmfor®w a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufpOftcgu 'kwd,qE´rJtrsm;qkH; &&Sdonhf

'kwd,or®wu ,m,Dor®wtjzpf xrf;aqmif&rnf?

24

(b) If the office of the President becomes vacant when the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

is in session, the Acting President shall promptly intimate the Head of the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw to fill the vacancy within seven days.

(c) On receipt of the intimation from the Acting President, the Head of the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall proceed to elect a Vice-President by the group of

Hluttaw representatives concerned that initially elected the Vice-President

who subsequently got elected President, the office now being vacant.

(d) After the group of Hluttaw representatives concerned has elected a Vice-

President, the Electoral College comprising all the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

representatives shall elect the President from among the three Vice-

Presidents.

(e) If the office of the President becomes vacant when the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

is not in session, the Head of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall summon the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw within 21 days from the day of receipt of the intimation

from the Acting President and proceed to hold election to fill the vacant

office of the President in accord with the above procedure.

(f) If the office of a Vice-President becomes vacant before the expiry of the

term by reason of his resignation, death, permanent disability or any other

cause when the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is in session, the President shall promptly

intimate the Head of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw to elect a Vice-President within

seven days by the group of Hluttaw representatives concerned that elected

the said Vice-President.

25

( c ) EdkifiHawmfor®w&mxl;ae&m vpfvyfoGm;onhf tcsdefonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yaecsdefjzpfvQif vpfvyfoGm;onhfEdkifiHawmfor®w&mxl;udk ckepf&uftwGif; jznfhpGufEdkifa&;twGuf,m,Dor®wu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tBuD;trSL;xH aqmvsifpGmtaMumif;Mum;&rnf?

( * ) ,m,Dor®wxHrS taMumif;Mum;pmudk&&Sdonhftcg vpfvyfoGm;onhfEdkifiHawmfor®wudk 'kwd,or®wtjzpf OD;pGma&G;cs,fwifajr§mufay;cJhonhf oufqdkif&m vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; tpktzGJUu'kwd,or®wwpfOD;udk a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufay;a&;twGuf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftBuD;trSL;u aqmif&Gufay;&rnf?

(C) oufqdkif&m vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; tpktzGJUonf 'kwd,or®wwpfOD;udk a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufNyD;ygu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f tm;vkH;yg0ifonhf or®wa&G;cs,fwifajr§mufa&;tzGJUu'kwd,or®w okH;OD;teuf rdrdwdkYBudKufESpfoufonfhyk*¾dKvfudk EdkifiHawmfor®wtjzpf a&G;cs,fwifajr§muf&rnf?

( i ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;ycsdefr[kwfvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftBuD;trSL;onf ,m,Dor®wxHrS taMumif;Mum;pm&&SdonfhaeYrSpí 21 &uftwGif; jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lNyD;vpfvyfaom EdkifiHawmfor®w a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufEdkifa&;twGuftxufygenf;vrf;twdkif; aqmif&Guf&rnf?

( p ) 'kwd,or®wwpfOD;OD;onf &mxl;oufwrf;rukefqkH;rD EkwfxGufaomaMumihfjzpfap? uG,fvGefaomaMumihfjzpfap? xm0pOfrpGrf;aqmifEdkifaomaMumihfjzpfap? wpfpkHwpfckaom taMumif;aMumihfjzpfap 'kwd,or®w &mxl;ae&m vpfvyfvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;ycsdefjzpfygu ,if;'kwd,or®wudk a&G;cs,fwifajr§muf ay;cJhaomvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJUu ckepf&uftwGif; 'kwd,or®wwpfOD; a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufay;a&;twGuf EdkifiHawmfor®wujynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tBuD;trSL;xH aqmvsifpGm taMumif;Mum;&rnf?

25

(g) When the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is not in session, the Head of the Pyidaungsu

Hluttaw shall summon the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw within 21 days from the day

of receipt of the intimation from the President and proceed with the election

of a Vice-President by the group of Hluttaw representatives concerned in

accord with the prescribed procedure.

26

(q) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0; usif;ycsdefr[kwfvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftBuD;trSL;onf EdkifiHawmfor®w\ taMumif;Mum;pm&&SdonfhaeYrSpí 21 &uftwGif; jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;udkac:,lNyD; oufqdkif&mvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJUu 'kwd,or®wwpfOD;udk a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufay;a&;twGuf owfrSwfxm;onhfenf;vrf;twdkif; aqmif&Guf&rnf/

26

Chapter IV

Legislature

tcef; (4)tcef; (4)tcef; (4)tcef; (4)tcef; (4)Oya'jyKa&;Oya'jyKa&;Oya'jyKa&;Oya'jyKa&;Oya'jyKa&;

Chapter IV

LegislatureThe Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

Formation of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

74. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw comprises of the following two Hluttaws :

(a) in accord with the provisions of Section 109, the Pyithu Hluttaw formed

with Hluttaw representatives elected on the basis of township as well as

population and Hluttaw representatives being the Defence Services Personnel

nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services;

(b) in accord with the provisions of Section 141, the Amyotha Hluttaw formed

with Hluttaw representatives elected in equal numbers from Regions and

States and Hluttaw representatives being the Defence Services Personnel

nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services.

The Head and the Deputy Heads of the respective Hluttaws

75. On the day of commencement of the first Hluttaw session for each term of the

Hluttaw concerned, the person who is to conduct and supervise the Hluttaw session held

for the taking of affirmation of office by Hluttaw representatives and for electing the Hluttaw

Speaker and Deputy Speaker shall be called the Chairperson, the Head and the Deputy

Head of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be called the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, the

Head and the Deputy Head of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Amyotha Hluttaw, the Region Hluttaw

or the State Hluttaw shall be called the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker.

tcef; (4)tcef; (4)tcef; (4)tcef; (4)tcef; (4)Oya'jyKa&;Oya'jyKa&;Oya'jyKa&;Oya'jyKa&;Oya'jyKa&;

jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf

jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf zGJUpnf;jcif;jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf zGJUpnf;jcif;jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf zGJUpnf;jcif;jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf zGJUpnf;jcif;jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf zGJUpnf;jcif;74/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGif atmufyg vTwfawmfESpf&yfyg0ifonf –

(u) yk'fr 109 yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD NrdKUe,fudk tajccHívnf;aumif;?vlOD;a&udk tajccHívnf;aumif; a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonhfvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESihf wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu trnfpm&if;wifoGif;aom wyfrawmfom; vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzihfzGJUpnf;onhf jynfolYvTwfawmf?

( c ) yk'fr 141 yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;ESifh jynfe,frsm;rSOD;a&wlnDpGm a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonhf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESihf wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu trnfpm&if; wifoGif;aomwyfrawmfom; vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzihf zGJUpnf;onhf trsKd;om;vTwfawmf/

vTwfawmftoD;oD;\ tBuD;trSL;ESifh 'kwd,tBuD;trSL;rsm;vTwfawmftoD;oD;\ tBuD;trSL;ESifh 'kwd,tBuD;trSL;rsm;vTwfawmftoD;oD;\ tBuD;trSL;ESifh 'kwd,tBuD;trSL;rsm;vTwfawmftoD;oD;\ tBuD;trSL;ESifh 'kwd,tBuD;trSL;rsm;vTwfawmftoD;oD;\ tBuD;trSL;ESifh 'kwd,tBuD;trSL;rsm;75/ vTwfawmftoD;oD;\ tBuD;trSL;? 'kwd,tBuD;trSL;rsm;ESihf ywfoufNyD;oufqdkif&m vTwfawmfoufwrf;wpfckpDtwGuf vTwfawmfyxrtpnf;ta0; pwifusif;yonhfaeYwGif vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; uwdopömjyKEdkif&efESihf vTwfawmfOuú|?'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§mufay;&ef usif;yaom vTwfawmftpnf;ta0;udkBuD;rSL;BuD;Muyfay;&rnhf tBuD;trSL;tm; obmywd[kvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftBuD;trSL;ESih f 'kwd,tBuD;trSL;udk em,uESif h 'kwd,em,u[kvnf;aumif;? jynfolYvTwfawmf? trsKd;om;vTwfawmf? wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwfjynfe,fvTwfawmf tBuD;trSL;ESihf 'kwd,tBuD;trSL;udk Ouú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|[kvnf;aumif; ac:a0:okH;pGJ&rnf/

Performance of duties by the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyidaungsu

Hluttaw

76. (a) The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw shall also

serve as the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

from the day of term of the Pyithu Hluttaw commences up to the end of 30

months and the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw

shall also serve as the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyidaungsu

Hluttaw for the remaining term.

(b) When the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is unable to perform the

duties of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker shall temporarily perform the

duties of the Speaker.

Functions of the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

77. The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall :

(a) supervise the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw sessions;

(b) invite the President, if he is intimated of the President’s desire to address

the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;

(c) have the right to invite organizations or persons representing any of the

Union level organizations formed under the Constitution to attend the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session and give clarifications on matters relating to

ongoing discussions, if necessary;

(d) perform other duties and powers prescribed by the Constitution or any

law.

Convening the Sessions of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

78. The first regular session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be held within 15 days

from the first day of the commencement of the first session of the Pyithu Hluttaw. The

Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall convene the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

28

jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf em,uESihf 'kwd,em,ursm;\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf em,uESihf 'kwd,em,ursm;\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf em,uESihf 'kwd,em,ursm;\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf em,uESihf 'kwd,em,ursm;\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf em,uESihf 'kwd,em,ursm;\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;76/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmf oufwrf;wpfck pwifonhf aeY&ufrS vaygif; 30

jynfhajrmufonhf aeY&uftxd trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdk Yonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uESihf 'kwd,em,uwm0efudkyg xrf;aqmif&rnf/ usefoufwrf;umvtwGuf jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkYonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uESihf 'kwd,em,u wm0efudkyg xrf;aqmif&rnf?

( c ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uonf em,uwm0efudk xrf;aqmifEdkifpGrf;r&Sdonhftcg 'kwd,em,uonf em,uwm0efudk ,m,Dxrf;aqmif&rnf/

jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,u\ vkyfief;wm0efjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,u\ vkyfief;wm0efjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,u\ vkyfief;wm0efjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,u\ vkyfief;wm0efjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,u\ vkyfief;wm0ef77/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uonf -

(u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;udk BuD;MuyfuGyfuJ&rnf?( c ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufí rdefYcGef;ajymMum;

vkdaMumif; EdkifiHawmfor®wu taMumif;Mum;vQif EdkifiHawmfor®wtm;zdwfMum;&rnf?

( * ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;aqmif&GufqJtaMumif;t&m wpf&yf&yfESihfpyfvsOf;í vdktyfvQif zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& zJGUpnf;onhf jynfaxmifpktqifh tzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfudkudk,fpm;jyKaom tzJGUtpnf;rsm; odkYr[kwf yk*d¾Kvfrsm;udk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfodkY wufa&muf&Sif;vif; wifjyap&ef zdwfMum;cGifh&dSonf?

(C) zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya't&aomfvnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft&aomfvnf;aumif; owfrSwfxm;onhf tjcm;wm0efESihf vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;udkaqmif&Guf&rnf/

jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; usif;yjcif;jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; usif;yjcif;jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; usif;yjcif;jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; usif;yjcif;jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; usif;yjcif;78/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ yxrtBudrf ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;udk jynfolYvTwfawmf\yxrtpnf;ta0; pwifonfhaeYrS 15 &uftwGif;usif;y&rnf/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;rsm;udk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf em,uu ac:,lusif;y&rnf/

28

79. The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall convene the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

regular session at least once a year. The maximum interval between the two regular sessions

shall not exceed twelve months.

80. The following functions shall be carried out at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session :

(a) recording the address delivered by the President;

(b) reading and recording the message sent by the President and other messages

permitted by the Speaker;

(c) submitting, discussing and resolving on a Bill;

(d) discussing and resolving on the remarks of the President concerning a Bill

approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;

(e) discussing and resolving on matters to be undertaken by the Pyidaungsu

Hluttaw in accord with the provisions of the Constitution;

(f) discussing, resolving and recording the reports submitted to the Pyidaungsu

Hluttaw;

(g) submitting proposals, discussing and resolving;

(h) raising questions and replying;

(i) undertaking matters approved by the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

81. Matters that require resolutions, consents and approvals of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

shall be implemented as follows :

(a) if the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is in session, the matter shall be discussed and

resolved at that session;

(b) if the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is not in session, the matter shall be discussed

and resolved at the nearest Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session;

29

79/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;udk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf em,uuwpfESpfvQif tenf;qkH;wpfBudrf ac:,lusif;y&rnf/ ykHrSeftpnf;ta0; wpfBudrfESifhwpfBudrftMum; t&SnfMumqkH; umvonf 12 vxufrydkap&/

80/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;ü atmufygudpö&yfrsm;udkaqmif&Gufonf -

(u) EkdifiHawmfor®w ajymMum;onfh rdefYcGef;udk rSwfwrf;wifjcif;?( c ) EdkifiHawmfor®wuay;ydkYaom o0PfvTmESihf em,uu cGihfjyKaom

tjcm;o0PfvTmrsm;udk zwfMum;jcif;? rSwfwrf;wifjcif;?( * ) Oya'Murf; wifoGif;jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qkH;jzwfjcif;?(C) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu twnfjyKxm;onfh Oya'Murf; wpf&yf&yfESihf

pyfvsOf;í EdkifiHawmfor®w\ oabmxm;rSwfcsufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;jcif;?qkH;jzwfjcif;?

( i ) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;t& jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfuaqmif&Guf&rnfh udpö&yfrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í aqG;aEG;jcif;? qkH;jzwfjcif;?

( p ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfodkY wifoGif;onfhtpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk aqG;aEG;jcif;?qkH;jzwfjcif;? rSwfwrf;wifjcif;?

(q) tqdkwifoGif;jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qkH;jzwfjcif;?( Z ) ar;cGef;ar;jref;jcif;? ajzMum;jcif;?(ps) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf em,uu cGifhjyKonfhudpö&yfrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;í

aqmif&Gufjcif;/

81/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ tqkH;tjzwf &,lrnfhudpö&yfrsm;? oabmwlnDcsuf&,lrnfhudpö&yfrsm;? twnfjyKcsuf&,lrnfh udpö&yfrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; aqmif&Guf&rnf –

(u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; usif;yqJumvjzpfvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;qkH;jzwf&rnf?

( c ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; usif;yqJumv r[kwfvQifteD;uyfqkH; jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;qkH;jzwf&rnf?

29

(c) a special session or an emergency session shall be convened to discuss

and resolve matters which need urgent action in the interest of the public.

82. The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw may convene a special session or an

emergency session, if necessary.

83. The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall convene a special session or an

emergency session as soon as possible when the President informs him to do so.

84. The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall convene a special session as soon

as possible, if at least one-fourth of the total number of the representatives so require.

85. (a) The first day session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be valid if more than

half of the total number, who have the right to attend the session, are

present. The session, if invalid, shall be adjourned.

(b) The sessions that are adjourned due to invalidity in accord with the Sub-

Section (a) as well as the valid sessions that are extented shall be valid if at

least one-third of the Hluttaw representatives are present.

86. (a) A matter that shall be resolved in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, save as otherwise

provided by the Constitution, shall be determined by a majority of votes

30

( * ) trsm;jynfoltusKd;iSm tvsiftjrefaqmif&Guf&rnfh udpö&yfrsm;udk txl;tpnf;ta0; odkYr[kwf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0; ac:,l usif;yí aqG;aEG;qkH;jzwf&rnf/

82/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf txl;tpnf;ta0;udkjzpfap? ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udkjzpfap usif;y&efvdktyfvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf em,uu ac:,lusif;yEdkifonf/

83/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lusif;yay;&ef EdkifiHawmf or®wutaMumif;Mum;vQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uonf jynfaxmifpk vTwfawmf txl;tpnf;ta0;udkjzpfap? ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udkjzpfap tjrefqkH; ac:,lusif;y&rnf/

84/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lusif;yay;&ef jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qkH; av;ykHwpfykHu awmif;qdkvQifjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uu txl;tpnf;ta0;udk tjrefqkH; ac:,lusif;y&rnf/

85/ (u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wpf&yf\ yxraeYwGif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odk Y wufa&mufcGif h&d Sonfh vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&\ xuf0ufausmfOD;a& wufa&mufvQif,if;tpnf;ta0; txajrmufonf/ tu,fí txrajrmufygutpnf;ta0;udk a&TUqdkif;&rnf?

( c ) yk'frcGJ (u) t& tpnf;ta0; txrajrmufonfhtwGuf a&TUqdkif;usif;y&aom tpnf;ta0;rsm;ESihf tpnf;ta0; txajrmufNyD;aemufqufvuf usif;yaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufcGihf&dSonfh vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qkH; okH;ykHwpfykH wufa&mufvQif tpnf;ta0;rsm;txajrmufonf/

86/ (u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGif tqkH;tjzwfjyK&rnfh taMumif;t&mwpf&yfESifhpyfvsOf;í rJcGJqkH;jzwf&mü zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif tjcm;enf;jy|mef;xm;jcif;r&dSvQif tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufí qErJay;onfh

30

of the representatives of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw who are present and

voting.

(b) The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw or the Deputy Speaker acting as

such shall not vote in the first instance, but shall have and exercise a casting

vote in the case of an equality of votes.

87. If a representative of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is, without permission of the Speaker

of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, absent from sessions of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for a period of

at least 15 consecutive days, the Speaker shall inform the Hluttaw concerned to take

action against the representative according to the prescribed procedures. In computing

the said period of 15 days, no account shall be taken of any period during which the

session is adjourned.

88. Although there are vacant seats, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall have the right to

carry out its functions. Moreover, the resolutions and proceedings of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

shall not be annulled, notwithstanding the acts of some person who was not entitled to do

so sat or voted or took part in the proceedings are later discovered.

89. The proceedings and the records of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be published.

However, the proceedings and the records prohibited by any law or the resolution of the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall not be published.

90. Members of the organizations representing any of the Union level organizations

formed under the Constitution while attending the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw with the permission

of the Speaker have the right to explain, converse and discuss the Bills and other matters

in connection with the respective organization.

31

jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ rsm;&mqE´rJjzihf qkH;jzwf&rnf?

( c ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif rJcGJqkH;jzwfonfh udpörsm;üjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,u odkYr[kwf em,uwm0ef xrf;aqmifaeonfh 'kwd,em,uonf qErJray;&/ axmufcHqErJESifh uefYuGufqErJ ta&twGufcsif; wlnDaeonfh udpö&yfwGifom tEkdifrJ ay;&rnf/

87/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;onf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;wpf&yfwGif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,u\ cGih f jyKcsufr&bJtpnf;ta0;wufa&muf&ef tenf;qHk; &ufaygif; 15 &uf wpfqufwnf;ysufuGufvQif owfrSwfxm;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD ta&;,l&ef jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uu oufqdkif&mvTwfawmfodkY taMumif;Mum;&rnf/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;wufa&muf&ef cGihfrJhysufuGufonfh &ufaygif; 15 &ufudk a&wGuf&mütpnf;ta0;a&TUqdkif;xm;onhfumvudk xnhfoGif;a&wGufjcif; rjyK&/

88/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fae&mtcsKdU vpfvyfaeapumrl jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufcGihf&Sdonf/ xdkYtjyiftcGihfta&;r&SdolwpfOD;u jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufjcif;?qE´rJay;jcif; odkYr[kwf vTwfawmfvkyfief;wpf&yf&yfwGif yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhjcif;udkaemiftcgwGifrS ppfaq;awGU&Sdapumrl jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ qHk;jzwfaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf ysufjy,fjcif; r&Sdap&/

89/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ESihf rSwfwrf;rsm;udk trsm;jynfolod&SdEdkif&ef xkwfjyef&rnf/ odkY&mwGif Oya'wpf&yf&yft&jzpfap? jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ qHk;jzwfcsuft&jzpfap wm;jrpfxm;onhf aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ESihfrSwfwrf;rsm;udk xkwfjyefjcif;rjyK&/

90/ zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;onfh jynfaxmifpktqifh tzGJUtpnf; wpf&yf&yfudk udk,fpm;jyKaom tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm;onf em,u\ cGifhjyKcsufjzifh jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufonfhtcg rdrdtzGJUtpnf;ESifh oufqdkifaomOya'Murf;rsm; okdYr[kwf udpö&yfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í &Sif;vif;ajymqdk aqG;aEG;cGifh&dSonf/

31

91. The Union level organizations formed under the Constitution may submit the general

situation in connection with the respective organization, which should be submitted to the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw with the permission of the Speaker.

92. (a) Subject to the provisions of the Constitution and the provisions of the law

relating to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the representatives of the Pyidaungsu

Hluttaw shall have freedom of speech and voting at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

and the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Joint Committee. Concerning the submitting,

discussing and performing at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and the Joint

Committee, no action shall be taken against, a representative of the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, except under its law.

(b) Subject to the provisions of the Constitution and the provisions of the law

relating to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, members of the organizations or persons

representing any of the Union level organizations formed under the

Constitution who are invited to attend the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session

have the freedom of speech. No action shall be taken against such members

or persons for their submission and speeches in Pyidaungsu Hluttaw by

other law except under its law.

(c) If the persons mentioned in Sub-Sections (a) and (b) committed assault in

exercising the said privileges, they shall be liable to punishment under the

regulations, by-laws, procedures of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw or the existing

law.

32

91/ zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& zJGUpnf;onfh jynfaxmifpktqifh tzJGUtpnf;rsm;onfjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;okdY wifjyoifhaom rdrdtzJGUtpnf;ESifh oufqdkifonfh tajctaet&yf&yfudk em,u\ cGifhjyKcsufjzifh wifjyEdkifonf/

92/ (u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfqdkif&m Oya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif; rqefYusifvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfESifh jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf yl;aygif;aumfrwDwdkYwGif vGwfvyfpGmajymqdkcGifhESifh qErJay;ydkifcGifh&dSonf/ xdkodkY jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfESifhjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf yl;aygif;aumfrwDwdkYwGif wifjyaqG;aEG;jcif;?aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYESifhpyfvsOf;í jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;tm; jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfqdkif&m Oya'rSty tjcm;Oya't&ta&;,ljcif;rjyK&?

( c ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkYwufa&muf&ef zdwfMum;jcif;cH&aom zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;onfh jynfaxmifpktqifhtzGJUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfudk udk,fpm;jyKaom tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm; odkYr[kwfyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfqdkif&m Oya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif; rqefYusifvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGif vGwfvyfpGmajymqdkcGifh&dSonf/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGif wifjyajymqdkrIrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í ,if;tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm; odkYr[kwf yk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfqdkif&mOya'rSty tjcm;Oya't& ta&;,ljcif;rjyK&?

( * ) yk'frcGJ (u) ESifh (c) wGif yg&Sdaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf txufyg tcGifhta&;rsm;ukd usifhokH;Mu&mwGif ukd,fxdvufa&mufusL;vGefrIrsm; &SdcJhygu,if;wkdYonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ pnf;rsOf;? pnf;urf;? vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;t& vnf;aumif;? wnfqJOya'rsm;t& vnf;aumif;ta&;,ljcif;cH&rnf/

32

93. If there is a need to arrest a Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representative attending the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session or a person attending the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session with the

permission or invitation of the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, credible evidence shall

be submitted to the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. He shall not be arrested without

the prior permission of the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

94. No action shall be instituted relating to the reports, documents, and Hluttaw records

published by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw or under its authority.

Legislation

95. (a) If a Bill initiated in the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Amyotha Hluttaw is approved

by both Hluttaws, it shall be deemed that the Bill is approved by the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

(b) If there is a disagreement between the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha

Hluttaw concerning a Bill, the Bill shall be discussed and resolved in the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

96. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall have the right to enact laws for the entire or any part

of the Union related to matters prescribed in Schedule One of the Union Legislative List.

97. (a) When the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw enacts a law, it may :

(i) authorize to issue rules, regulations and by-laws concerning that

law to any Union level organization formed under the Constitution;

(ii) authorize to issue notifications, orders, directives and procedures

to the respective organization or authority.

33

93/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; wufa&mufaeaom jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;udkjzpfap? jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,u\ cGifhjyKcsufodkYr[kwf zdwfMum;csuft& ,if;tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufaeaom yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;udkjzpfap zrf;qD;&efvdktyfygu cdkifvkHaomtaxmuftxm;udk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uxH wifjy&rnf/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,u\ BudKwifcGifhjyKcsuf r&&SdbJzrf;qD;jcif;rjyK&/

94/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfuaomfvnf;aumif;? ,if;vTwfawmf\ tcGifhtmPmt&aomfvnf;aumif; jzefYcsdxkwfa0onfh tpD&ifcHpmrsm;? pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;? vTwfawmfrSwfwrf;rsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í w&m;pGJqdkydkifcGifh r&dSap&/

Oya'jyKjcif;Oya'jyKjcif;Oya'jyKjcif;Oya'jyKjcif;Oya'jyKjcif;95/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmfwGifjzpfap? trsKd;om;vTwfawmfwGifjzpfap pwif

wifoGif;onfh Oya'Murf;udk vTwfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u twnfjyKvQif ,if;Oya'Murf;udk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu twnfjyKonf[k rSwf,l&rnf?

( c ) Oya'Murf;wpf&yfESifhpyfvsOf;í jynfolYvTwfawmfESifh trsKd;om;vTwfawmfwdkY oabmuGJvGJygu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGif aqG;aEG;qkH;jzwf&rnf/

96/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf Z,m; 1 wGif azmfjyxm;aom jynfaxmifpkOya'jyKpm&if;yg udpö&yfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í jynfaxmifpkwpf0ef;vHk;twGufaomfvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpk\wpfpdwfwpfa'o twGufaomfvnf;aumif; tmPmoufa&mufap&ef Oya'jyKcGihf&Sdonf/

97/ (u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf Oya'wpf&yfjy|mef;onfhtcg -(1) zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;onfh jynfaxmifpktqihf

tzGJUtpnf; wpf&yf&yftm; ,if;Oya'ESihf oufqdkifonfhenf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf;ESihfpnf;urf;rsm; xkwfjyefcGihfudk tyfESif;Edkifonf?

(2) oufqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf; odkYr[kwf tmPmydkiftm; ,if;Oya'ESihfoufqdkifonfh trdefYaMumfjimpm? trdefY? ñTefMum;csufESihfvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm; xkwfjyefcGihfudk tyfESif;Edkifonf/

33

(b) The rules, regulations, notifications, orders, directives, and procedures

issued under the power conferred by any law shall be in conformity with

the provisions of the Constitution and the relevant law.

(c) If both the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha Hluttaw resolve to annul or

amend any rule, regulation or by-law, it shall be deemed that the rule,

regulation, or by-law is annulled or amended by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

(d) If there is a disagreement to annul or amend any rule, regulation or by-law

between the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha Hluttaw, it shall be discussed

and resolved at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

(e) If a resolution is passed to annul or amend any rule, regulation or by-law

under Sub-Section (c) or (d), the resolution shall be without prejudice to

the validity of any action previously taken under the relevant rule, regulation

or by-law.

Legislation relating to Other Matters

98. The legislative power is vested in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw relating to other matters

not enumerated in the legislative list of the Union, Region or State and Self-Administered

Division Leading Body or Self-Administered Zone Leading Body.

Legislation relating to Union Territories

99. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall enact the required laws if the need arises to do so

for the Union territories relating to matters for which legislative powers are vested to the

34

( c ) Oya'wpf&yfu tyfESif;onhf vkyfydkifcGihft&jyKvkyfaom enf;Oya'?pnf;rsOf;? pnf;urf;? trdefYaMumfjimpm? trdefY? ñTefMum;csufESihfvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;onf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif;? oufqdkif&mOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif;nDñGwfrI&Sd&rnf?

( * ) jynfolYvTwfawmfESihf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u enf;Oya'?pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfudk y,fzsuf&ef odkYr[kwfjyifqifap&ef qHk;jzwfygu ,if;enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf;odk Yr[kwfpnf;urf;udk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu y,fzsufonf odkYr[kwf jyifqifaponf[k rSwf,l&rnf?

(C) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf; wpf&yf&yfudk y,fzsuf&efodkYr[kwf jyifqifap&ef jynfolYvTwfawmfESihf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfwdkYoabmuGJvGJygu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGif aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf&rnf?

( i ) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf; wpf&yf&yfudk y,fzsuf&efodkYr[kwf jyifqifap&ef yk'frcGJ ( * ) odkYr[kwf (C) t& qHk;jzwfyguxdkodkY y,fzsufjcif; odkYr[kwf jyifqifapjcif; rjyKrD ,if;enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf;odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;t& aqmif&GufcJhNyD;aom trIudpörsm;udk xdcdkufjcif;r&Sdap&/

tjcm;udpö&yfrsm;ESifY pyfvsOf;í Oya'jyKjcif;tjcm;udpö&yfrsm;ESifY pyfvsOf;í Oya'jyKjcif;tjcm;udpö&yfrsm;ESifY pyfvsOf;í Oya'jyKjcif;tjcm;udpö&yfrsm;ESifY pyfvsOf;í Oya'jyKjcif;tjcm;udpö&yfrsm;ESifY pyfvsOf;í Oya'jyKjcif;98/ jynfaxmifpk? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fESihf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif;odkYr[kwf udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJU Oya'jyKpm&if;rsm;wGif azmfjyrxm;aomtjcm;udpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;onfh Oya'jyKydkifcGihftmPmudk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfodkYtyfESif;onf/

jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm;twGuf Oya'jyKjcif;jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm;twGuf Oya'jyKjcif;jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm;twGuf Oya'jyKjcif;jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm;twGuf Oya'jyKjcif;jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm;twGuf Oya'jyKjcif;99/ wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudkjzpfap? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUudkjzpfap Oya'jyKcGifh

34

Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw, or Self-Administered Division Leading Body or

Self-Administered Zone Leading Body.

Submission of Bill

100. (a) The Union level organizations formed under the Constitution shall have

the right to submit the Bills relating to matters they administered among the

matters included in the Union Legislative List to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw in

accord with the prescribed procedures.

(b) Bills relating to national plans, annual budgets and taxation, which are to

be submitted exclusively by the Union Government shall be discussed and

resolved at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw in accord with the prescribed

procedures.

101. The Bills submitted to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw by the Union level organizations

formed under the Constitution, except the Bills that are prescribed in the Constitution to be

discussed and resolved exclusively at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, are entitled to initiate and

discuss at either the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Amyotha Hluttaw in accord with the prescribed

procedures.

102. The Bills, which are to be discussed and resolved exclusively at the Pyidaungsu

Hluttaw need to be vetted before being discussed at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, those Bills

shall be vetted jointly by the Pyithu Hluttaw Bill Committee and the Amyotha Hluttaw Bill

Committee, and the findings and remarks of the Joint Committee together with the Bill may

be submitted to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session in accord with the prescribed procedures.

Submission of the Union Budget Bill

103. (a) The President or the person assigned by him, on behalf of the Union

Government, shall submit the Union Budget Bill to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

35

tyfESif;xm;aom udpörsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm;twGuf Oya'jy|mef;ay;&ef vdktyfygu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu vdktyfaomOya'ukd jy|mef;ay;&rnf/

Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;100/ (u) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;onfh jynfaxmifpktqifh tzGJUtpnf;

rsm;onf jynfaxmifpkOya'jyKpm&if;wGif yg&dSaomudpö&yfrsm;teufrdrdwdkY pDrHcefYcGJonfh udpö&yfrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;onfh Oya' Murf;rsm;udkowfrSwfxm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpk vTwfawmfodkYwifoGif;cGifh&dSonf?

( c ) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJUuom wifoGif;cGifh&dSaom EdkifiHawmf\ trsKd;om;pDrHudef;? ESpfpOft&tokH;cefYrSef;ajcaiGpm&if;ESifh tcGef taumufqkdif&mOya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrSwfxm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfü aqG;aEG;qkH;jzwf&rnf/

101/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfüom aqG;aEG;qkH;jzwf&rnf[k zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'üowfrSwfaom Oya'Murf;rsm;rSty zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;onfh jynfaxmifpktqifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfodkY wifoGif;aom Oya'Murf;rsm;udkowfrSwfxm;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD jynfolYvTwfawmfwGifjzpfap? trßKd;om;vTwfawmfwGifjzpfap pwifaqG;aEG;aqmif&GufcGifh&dSonf/

102/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfüom aqG;aEG;qkH;jzwf&rnfh Oya'Murf;rsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;íjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;jcif;rjyKrD tao;pdwf avhvmpdppf&efvdktyfygu jynfolYvTwfawmf Oya'Murf;aumfrwDESifh trsKd;om;vTwfawmf Oya'Murf;aumfrwDwdkYtm; yl;aygif;avhvmpdppfapjcif;? ,if;yl;aygif;aumfrwD\ avhvmawGU&dScsufESifh oabmxm;rSwfcsufrsm;udk owfrSwfxm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD Oya'Murf;ESifhtwl jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY wifjyaqmif&Gufapjcif;wdkYudk jyKEdkifonf/

jynfaxmifpk\b@maiG t&toHk;qdkif&m Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;jynfaxmifpk\b@maiG t&toHk;qdkif&m Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;jynfaxmifpk\b@maiG t&toHk;qdkif&m Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;jynfaxmifpk\b@maiG t&toHk;qdkif&m Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;jynfaxmifpk\b@maiG t&toHk;qdkif&m Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;103/ (u) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJUudk,fpm; EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf ,if;u

wm0efay;tyfonfh yk*¾dKvfonf jynfaxmifpk\ b@maiGt&toHk;qdkif&m Oya'Murf;udk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfodkY wifjy&rnf?

35

(b) The following matters included in the Union Budget Bill shall be discussed

at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw but not refused or curtailed :

(i) salary and allowance of Heads and Members of the Union level

organizations formed under the Constitution and expenditures of

those organizations;

(ii) debts for which the Union is liable and expenses relating to the

debts, and other expenses relating to the loans taken out by the

Union;

(iii) expenditures required to satisfy judgment, order, decree of any

Court or Tribunal;

(iv) other expenditures which are to be charged by any existing law or

any international treaty.

(c) Approval, refusal and curtailing of other expenditures except the

expenditures specified in Sub-Section (b) shall be passed by the majority

consent of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

(d) The Union Government shall perform as necessary in accord with the

Union Budget Law enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

(e) If in respect of the relevant financial year a need has arisen to authorize the

estimated receipts and authorized expenditures in the Union Budget Law

enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and in addition to estimate receipts

and to authorize expenditures, the Supplementary Appropriation law shall

be enacted in the above manner.

(f) The Union Government shall perform as necessary in accord with the

Supplementary Appropriation Law enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

36

( c ) jynfaxmifpk\ b@maiGt&toHk;qdkif&m Oya'Murf;wGifyg&Sdaom –(1) zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;xm;aom jynfaxmifpktqifh

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tBuD;trSL;rsm;ESifh tzJGUtpnf;0ifrsm;\ vpm?p&dwfESifh ,if;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ toHk;p&dwfrsm;?

(2) jynfaxmifpku ay;qyf&ef wm0ef&Sdaom a<u;NrDrsm;? ,if;a<u;NrDrsm;ESifh qufET,faom ukefusp&dwfrsm;? jynfaxmifpku acs;,laiGrsm;ESifh qufET,faom tjcm;ukefusp&dwfrsm;?

(3) w&m;½Hk; odkYr[kwf cHk½Hk; wpf½kH;½Hk;\ pD&ifcsuf? trdefY? 'Du&Dt&ay;aqmif&ef&Sdaom toHk;p&dwfrsm;?

(4) wnfqJOya' wpf&yf&yft&jzpfap? tjynfjynfqdkif&m pmcsKyfwpfckckt& jzpfapuscH&rnfh tjcm;toHk;p&dwfrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;íjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGif aqG;aEG;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ odkYaomfjiif;y,fjcif;? avQmhícGihfjyKjcif; rjyK&/

(*) yk'frcGJ (c) yg toHk;p&dwfrsm;rSty tjcm;toHk;p&dwfrsm; twGufudkrljynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu oabmwl twnfjyKjcif;? jiif;y,fjcif;? avQmhí cGifhjyKjcif;wdkYudk trsm;qEESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&rnf?

(C) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu jy|mef;onfh jynfaxmifpk\ b@maiGt&toHk;qdkif&m Oya'ygtwdkif; jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzJGUu vdktyfovdkaqmif&Guf&rnf?

(i) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu oufqdkif&m b@ma&;ESpftwGuf jy|mef;xm;onfh jynfaxmifpk\ b@maiGt&toHk;qdkif&m Oya'ygvsmxm;aom&aiGrsm;ESifh cGifhjyKxm;aom oHk;aiGrsm;tjyif aemufxyf&aiGrsm; vsmxm;&efESifh oHk;aiGrsm; cGifhjyK&ef vdktyfonfhtcg aemufxyfb@maiG cGJa0oHk;pGJa&;Oya'udk txufyg enf;vrf;rsm;twdkif;jy|mef;aqmif&Guf&rnf?

(p) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu jy|mef;onfh aemufxyfb@maiG cGJa0oHk;pGJa&;Oya'ygtwdkif; jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJUu vdktyfovdkaqmif&Guf&rnf/

36

Ordinance

104. When the President after promulgating an Ordinance submits it to the Pyidaungsu

Hluttaw for approval, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall :

(a) resolve to approve the Ordinance or not;

(b) if it is approved determine the period, the Ordinance shall continue to be

in operation;

(c) if it is disapproved, cease to operate from the day of its disapproval.

Promulgation as Law

105. (a) The President shall sign the Bills approved or the Bills deemed to be

approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, within 14 days after the day of

receipt, and shall promulgate it as Law.

(b) The President, within the prescribed period, may send the Bill back to the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw together with his comments.

(c) If the President does not send the Bill back to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

together with his signature and comments within the prescribed period, or

if the President does not sign to promulgate, on the day after the completion

of that period, the Bill shall become a law as if he had signed it.

106. (a) If the President sends the Bill back to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw together

with his comments within the prescribed period, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw,

after discussion of the President’s comments, may accept his comment

37

Oya'uJYodk YtmPmwnfaomtrdef YOya'uJYodk YtmPmwnfaomtrdef YOya'uJYodk YtmPmwnfaomtrdef YOya'uJYodk YtmPmwnfaomtrdef YOya'uJYodk YtmPmwnfaomtrdef Y104/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf EkdifiHawmfor®wu Oya'uJhodkY tmPmwnfaomtrdefYwpf&yfukd xkwfjyefNyD; ,if;trdefYudk twnfjyKay;&ef jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfodkYwifjyonfhtcg –

(u) Oya'uJhodkY tmPmwnfaom trdefYudk twnfjyK? rjyK qkH;jzwf&rnf?( c ) twnfjyK&ef qkH;jzwfygu ,if;trdefY qufvuftmPmwnf&rnfh

tcsdefumvudk owfrSwfay;&rnf?( * ) twnfjyKcsufr&&SdvQif Oya'uJhodkY tmPmwnfaomtrdefYonf

twnfrjyKonfhaeYrSpí tmPmwnfjcif;rS &yfpJ&rnf/

Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunmjcif;Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunmjcif;Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunmjcif;Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunmjcif;Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunmjcif;105/ (u) EdkifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfrS ay;yd k Yvmonfh

jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu twnfjyKaom odkYr[kwf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu twnfjyKonf[k rSwf,l&rnfjzpfaom Oya'Murf;rsm;udkvufcH&&dSonfhaeY\ aemufwpfaeYrS 14 &uftwGif; vufrSwfa&;xdk;íOya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunm&rnf?

( c ) EdkifiHawmfor®wonf Oya'Murf;wpf&yfudk vufrSwfa&;xdk;íOya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunm&ef owfrSwfxm;onfh umvtwGif;rdrd\oabmxm; rSwfcsufESifhtwl Oya'Murf;udk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfodkY jyefvnfay;ydkYEdkifonf?

( * ) EdkifiHawmfor®wu vufrSwfa&;xdk;í Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunm&efowfrSwfxm;onfh umvtwGif; Oya'Murf;udk EdkifiHawmfor®wurdrd\ oabmxm;rSwfcsufjzifh jyefvnfay;ydk Yjcif; rjyKvQifaomfvnf;aumif;? Oya'Murf;udk vufrSwfa&;xdk;í Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunmjcif; rjyKvQifaomfvnf;aumif;? owfrSwfumv jynfhajrmufonfh aeY&ufwGif Oya'Murf;onf EdkifiHawmfor®w\ vufrSwfa&;xdk;csufudk &&dSNyD;ouJhodkY Oya'jzpfvm&rnf/

106/ (u) EkdifiHawmfor®wxH ay;ydkYxm;aom Oya'Murf;ukd EkdifiHawmfor®wurdrd\ oabmxm;rSwfcsufrsm;ESif htwl owfrSwfumvtwGif;jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfokdY jyefvnfay;ykdYvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf

37

and resolve to amend the Bill or may resolve to approve the Bill as it is

without accepting the President’s comment.

(b) When the Bill which is amended in accord with the President’s comment

or the Bill which is approved as it is without accepting the President’s

comment is sent back to him by the resolution of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw,

the President shall sign the Bill and promulgate it as law within seven days

after receiving the Bill back.

(c) If the Bill sent back by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is not signed by the President

within the prescribed period, it shall become law as if he had signed it on

the last day of the prescribed period.

107. The laws signed by the President or the laws deemed to have been signed by him

shall be promulgated by publication in the official gazette. The Law shall come into operation

on the day of such promulgation unless the contrary intention is expressed.

108. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw :

(a) shall give the resolution on matters relating to ratifying, annulling and revoking

from international, regional or bilateral treaties, agreements submitted by

the President;

(b) may confer the authority on the President to conclude, annul and revoke

any kind of international, regional or bilateral treaties or agreements without

the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

38

onf EkdifiHawmfor®w\ oabmxm;rSwfcsufrsm;ukd aqG;aEG;okH;oyfNyD;aemuf EkdifiHawmfor®w\ oabmxm;rSwfcsufukd vufcHíOya'Murf;udk jyifqif&ef qkH;jzwfEkdifonf okdYr[kwf EkdifiHawmfor®w\oabmxm;rSwfcsufudk vufrcHbJ Oya'Murf;ukd rlvtwkdif; twnfjyK&ef qkH;jzwfEkdifonf?

( c ) EkdifiHawmfor®w\ oabmxm;rSwfcsufESifhtnD jyifqifxm;aomOya'Murf; okdYr[kwf EkdifiHawmfor®w\ oabmxm;rSwfcsufukdvufrcHbJ rlvtwkdif; twnfjyKaom Oya'Murf;tm; jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ qkH;jzwfcsufjzihf jyefvnfay;ykdYvmonfhtcg EkdifiHawmfor®wonf Oya'Murf; jyefvnf&&SdonfhaeY\ aemufwpfaeYrSckepf&uftwGif; vufrSwfa&;xkd;í Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunm&rnf?

( * ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu jyefvnfay;ykdYaom Oya'Murf;ukd owfrSwfumvtwGif; EkdifiHawmfor®wu vufrSwfa&;xkd;jcif; rjyKvQifowfrSwfumv jynfhajrmufonfh aeY&ufwGif Oya'Murf;onf EkdifiHawmfor®w\ vufrSwfa&;xkd;csufukd &&SdNyD;ouJhokdY Oya'jzpfvm&rnf/

107/ EkdifiHawmfor®wu vufrSwfa&;xdk;NyD;aom Oya'rsm; okdYr[kwf EkdifiHawmfor®w\ vufrSwfa&;xkd;csuf &&SdNyD;ouJhodkY rSwf,l&rnfjzpfaom Oya'rsm;udkEdkifiHawmfjyefwrf;wGif xkwfjyefaMunm&rnf/ xdkOya'wGif oD;jcm;azmfjycsuf rygvQifxkwfjyefaMunmonfhaeYrSpí tmPmwnf&rnf/

108/ jynfaxmifpkkvTwfawmfonf -(u) EkdifiHawmfor®wu wifjyonfh tjynfjynfqdkif&m? a'oqkdif&m odkYr[kwf

EkdifiHtcsif;csif;qdkif&m pmcsKyfrsm;? oabmwlnDcsufrsm;udk twnfjyKaqmif&Gufjcif;? y,fzsufjcif;? EkwfxGufjcif;wkdYESifh pyfvsOf;í tqHk;tjzwfay;&rnf?

( c ) tjynfjynfqdkif&m? a'oqkdif&m odkYr[kwf EkdifiHtcsif;csif;qdkif&m pmcsKyfrsm;? oabmwlnDcsufrsm;teuf rnfuJhodkYaom pmcsKyf odkYr[kwfoabmwlnDcsuf trsKd;tpm;udk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ twnfjyKcsuf&,l&efrvdkbJ csKyfqdkjcif;? y,fzsufjcif;? EkwfxGufjcif;wkdYudkaqmif&Guf&ef EkdifiHawmfor®wtm; vkyfydkifcGifh vTJtyfEdkifonf/

38

Pyithu Hluttaw

Formation of the Pyithu Hluttaw

109. The Pyithu Hluttaw shall be formed with a maximum of 440 Hluttaw representatives

as follows :

(a) not more than 330 Pyithu Hluttaw representatives elected prescribing

electorate in accord with law on the basis of township as well as population

or combining with an appropriate township which is contagious to the

newly-formed township if it is more than 330 townships;

(b) not more than 110 Pyithu Hluttaw representatives who are the Defence

Services personnel nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence

Services in accord with the law.

Election of the Pyithu Hluttaw Chairperson

110. (a) A Pyithu Hluttaw representative shall be elected as the Chairperson at the

commencement of the first session of the Pyithu Hluttaw for its term.

(b) The Chairperson shall take an affirmation of office before the Pyithu Hluttaw;

(c) The Chairperson shall supervise the Pyithu Hluttaw session up to the

completion of the election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the

Pyithu Hluttaw.

Election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw

111. (a) (i) The Pyithu Hluttaw representatives shall elect a Speaker and a

Deputy Speaker from among the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives.

39

jynfolYvTwfawmfjynfolYvTwfawmfjynfolYvTwfawmfjynfolYvTwfawmfjynfolYvTwfawmf

jynfolYvTwfawmfzGG JUpnf;jcif;jynfolYvTwfawmfzGG JUpnf;jcif;jynfolYvTwfawmfzGG JUpnf;jcif;jynfolYvTwfawmfzGG JUpnf;jcif;jynfolYvTwfawmfzGG JUpnf;jcif;109/ jynfolYvTwfawmfukd vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fOD;a& trsm;qHk; 440 OD;jzihfatmufygtwkdif; zJGUpnf;&rnf –

(u) NrdKUe,fukd tajccHívnf;aumif;? vlOD;a&ukd tajccHívnf;aumif;?NrdKUe,f 330 xuf ykdrkdvmygu topfzJGUpnf;onfh NrdKUe,fudk wpfqufwpfpyfwnf;jzpfaom oihfavsmfonfh NrdKUe,fwpfckckESihf yl;aygif;ívnf;aumif; Oya'ESihftnD rJqEe,fowfrSwfí a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonhf 330 OD; xufrykdaom jynfolYvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;?

( c ) wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu Oya'ESihftnD trnfpm&if; wifoGif;onhf 110 OD;xufrykdaom wyfrawmfom; jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;/

jynfolYvTwfawmf obmywd wifajr§mufjcif;jynfolYvTwfawmf obmywd wifajr§mufjcif;jynfolYvTwfawmf obmywd wifajr§mufjcif;jynfolYvTwfawmf obmywd wifajr§mufjcif;jynfolYvTwfawmf obmywd wifajr§mufjcif;110/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmf oufwrf;wpf&yf\ yxrtBudrf jynfolYvTwfawmf

tpnf;ta0; pwifusif;yonhftcg jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;tm; obmywdtjzpf wifajr§muf&rnf?

( c ) obmywdonf jynfolYvTwfawmf a&SUarSmufwGif uwdopömjyK&rnf?( * ) obmywdonf jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumuf

wifajr§mufNyD;onftxd jynfolYvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;udk BuD;MuyfuGyfuJ&rnf/

jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;111/ (u) (1) jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf jynfolYvTwfawmf

Ouú|wpfOD;ESih f 'kwd,Ouú|wpfOD;udk jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJrS a&G;aumufwifajr§muf&rnf?

39

(ii) When the seat of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker becomes

vacant, the substitution shall be made at the nearest session of the

Pyithu Hluttaw.

(iii) When the Speaker is unable to perform the duties of the Speaker,

the Deputy Speaker shall temporarily perform the duties of the

Speaker.

(b) The law relating to procedures to elect the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker

of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be enacted.

Functions of the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw

112. The Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall :

(a) supervise the Pyithu Hluttaw sessions;

(b) invite the President, if he is intimated of the President’s desire to address

the Pyithu Hluttaw;

(c) have the right to invite members of the organization or persons representing

any of the Union level organizations formed under the Constitution to

attend the Pyithu Hluttaw and give clarifications on matters relating to

ongoing discussions of the Pyithu Hluttaw session, if necessary;

(d) perform other duties and exercise powers prescribed by the Constitution

or any law.

Performance and termination of duties of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker

of the Pyithu Hluttaw

113. (a) The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall perform

their duties until the first session of the next term of the Pyithu Hluttaw is

held.

40

(2) jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú| odkYr[kwf 'kwd,Ouú|ae&m vpfvyfvQifteD;uyfqkH;usif;yaom jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wGiftpm;xkd;a&G;aumufwifajr§muf&rnf?

(3) jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|onf Ouú|wm0efudk xrf;aqmifEdkifpGrf;r&S donhftcg 'kwd,Ouú|onf Ouú|wm0efudk ,m,Dxrf;aqmif&rnf/

( c ) jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§muf&efenf;vrf;rsm;udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrSwf&rnf/

jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0efjynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0efjynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0efjynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0efjynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0ef112/ jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|onf -

(u) jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;udk BuD;MuyfuGyfuJ&rnf?( c ) jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufí rdefYcGef;ajymMum;

vdkaMumif; EdkifiHawmfor®wu taMumif;Mum;vQif EdkifiHawmfor®wtm;zdwfMum;&rnf?

( * ) jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;aqmif&GufqJ taMumif;t&mwpf&yf&yfESihf pyfvsOf;í vdktyfvQif zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya't&zJGUpnf;onhf jynfaxmifpktqifh tzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfudk udk,fpm;jyKaom tzJGUtpnf;0ifrsm; odkYr[kwf yk*d¾Kvfrsm;udk jynfolYvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&muf &Sif;vif;wifjyap&ef zdwfMum;cGifh&Sdonf?

(C) zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya't&aomfvnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft&aomfvnf;aumif; owfrSwfxm;onhf tjcm;wm0efESihf vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;aqmif&Guf&rnf/

jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| wdkY\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESifh &yfpJjcif;jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| wdkY\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESifh &yfpJjcif;jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| wdkY\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESifh &yfpJjcif;jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| wdkY\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESifh &yfpJjcif;jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| wdkY\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESifh &yfpJjcif;113/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkYonf aemufwpfBudrf jynfolY

vTwfawmfoufwrf; yxrtpnf;ta0; pwifrusif;yrD tcsdeftxdOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wm0efudk xrf;aqmif&rnf?

40

(b) If the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker resigns or has ceased to be a

Pyithu Hluttaw representative, or has no right to continue to stand as a

Pyithu Hluttaw representative, or is suspended from his position as the

Speaker or the Deputy Speaker by the Pyithu Hluttaw, or has passed

away, he shall have ceased from his position.

114. Duties, powers and rights of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyithu

Hluttaw shall be prescribed by law.

Formation of the Pyithu Hluttaw Committee, Commission and Bodies

115. (a) The Pyithu Hluttaw shall form Bill Committee, Public Accounts Committee,

Hluttaw Rights Committee, and Government’s Guarantees, Pledges and

Undertakings Vetting Committee with the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives.

(b) When the occasion arises to have studies made and submitted on defence

and security matters or Military affairs, the Pyithu Hluttaw shall form the

Defence and Security Committee with the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives

who are the Defence Services Personnel, for a limited time. The Defence

and Security Committee so formed may, if necessary, be included suitable

Pyithu Hluttaw representatives who are not the Defence Services Personnel

in accord with the volume of work.

(c) If there arises a need to study and submit other affairs, in addition to

legislature, executive, national races affairs, economics, finance, social and

foreign affairs, Hluttaw Committees may be formed with the Pyithu Hluttaw

representatives for a limited time.

(d) The Pyithu Hluttaw shall determine the number of members, duties, powers,

rights, and terms of Pyithu Hluttaw Committees.

41

( c ) jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú| odkYr[kwf 'kwd,Ouú|onf EkwfxGufvQifjzpfap?jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS &yfpJjcif;cH&vQifjzpfap?jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfydkifcGihf r&SdvQifjzpfap? Ouú| odkYr[kwf 'kwd,Ouú|wm0efrS jynfolYvTwfawmf\½kyfodrf;jcif;udk cH&vQifjzpfap? uG,fvGefvQifjzpfap Ouú| odkYr[kwf 'kwd,Ouú|tjzpfrS &yfpJNyD; jzpfap&rnf/

114/ jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkY\wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGihfESihf &ydkifcGihfrsm;udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrSwf&rnf/

jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwD? aumfr&SifESihf tzGJUrsm;jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwD? aumfr&SifESihf tzGJUrsm;jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwD? aumfr&SifESihf tzGJUrsm;jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwD? aumfr&SifESihf tzGJUrsm;jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwD? aumfr&SifESihf tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;zGJUpnf;jcif;zGJUpnf;jcif;zGJUpnf;jcif;zGJUpnf;jcif;115/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmfonf Oya'Murf;aumfrwD? jynfolYaiGpm&if;aumfrwD?

vTwfawmftcGifhta&;aumfrwD? tpdk;&\ tmrcHcsufrsm;? uwdrsm;ESihfwm0efcHcsufrsm; pdppfa&;aumfrwDwdkYudk jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzihf zGJUpnf;&rnf?

( c ) umuG,fa&;ESihf vkHNcKHa&;qdkif&m udpörsm;udkvnf;aumif;? wyfrawmfqdkif&m udpörsm;udkvnf;aumif; avhvmwifjyap&ef taMumif;ay:aygufygu jynfolYvTwfawmfonf umuG,fa&;ESihf vkHNcKHa&;aumfrwDudk wyfrawmfom; jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzihfumvowfrSwfí zGJUpnf;&rnf/ xdkodkYzGJUpnf;onhf umuG,fa&;ESihfvkHNcKHa&;aumfrwDonf vkyfief;vdktyfcsuft& wyfrawmfom;r[kwfaom oihfavsmfonhf jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udkvnf;xnhfoGif;zGJUpnf;&ef vdktyfygu zGJUpnf;Edkifonf?

( * ) jynfolYvTwfawmfonf Oya'jyKa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;? wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;ta&;? pD;yGm;a&;? b@ma&;? vlrIa&;? EdkifiHjcm;a&;wdkYtjyif tjcm;a&;&mudpörsm;udk avhvmwifjyap&ef vdktyfygu vTwfawmf aumfrwDrsm;udkjynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzihf umvowfrSwfí zGJUpnf;Edkifonf?

(C) jynfolYvTwfawmfonf jynfolYvTwfawmf aumfrwDrsm;\ tzGJU0ifOD;a&?wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGihf? &ydkifcGihfESihf oufwrf;wdkYudk owfrSwfay;&rnf/

41

116. If there arises a certain matter to co-ordinate with the Amyotha Hluttaw, the Pyithu

Hluttaw may elect and assign its representatives who will serve with the Joint Committee

comprising an equal number of representatives from the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha

Hluttaw to form that Committee. The term of the Joint Committee shall be until the time

they have submitted the report to the Hluttaw concerned.

117. When both the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha Hluttaw have certain matters to

study, apart from matters to be performed by the Committees as prescribed in Sub-

Sections (a) and (b) of Section 115, the Speakers of these Hluttaws may co-ordinate

among themselves and form a Joint Committee comprising an equal number of

representatives from the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha Hluttaw. The Pyithu Hluttaw

may elect and assign the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives included in that Committee. The

term of the Joint Committee shall be until the time they have submitted the report to the

Hluttaw concerned.

118. (a) If there arises a need to study the remaining matters other than those

studied by the Pyithu Hluttaw Committees, the Pyithu Hluttaw may form

Commissions and Bodies with the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives or

including suitable citizens.

(b) In forming the above Commissions and Bodies, the Pyithu Hluttaw shall

determine the number of members, duties, powers, rights, and the terms

of the said Commissions and Bodies.

Term of the Pyithu Hluttaw

119. The term of the Pyithu Hluttaw is five years from the day of its first session.

42

116/ jynfolYvTwfawmfonf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf n§dEIdif;&ef udpöay:aygufvQifjynfolYvTwfawmfESihf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfwdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& wlnDpGm yg0ifaomyl;aygif;aumfrwDwpf&yfudk zGJUpnf;aqmif&GufEdkifa&;twGuf ,if;aumfrwDwGif yg0ifrnhfjynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk a&G;aumufwifajr§muf wm0efay;tyfEdkifonf/yl;aygif;aumfrwD\ oufwrf;onf oufqdkif&mvTwfawmfodkY tpD&ifcHpmwifoGif;NyD;onhftcsdeftxd jzpfonf/

117/ jynfolYvTwfawmfESihf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfwdkYonff yk'fr 115 yk'frcGJ (u) ESihf( c ) yg aumfrwDrsm;u aqmif&Guf&rnhfudpörsm;rSty taMumif;udpöwpf&yf&yfudkvTwfawmfESpf&yfvkH;u avhvm&ef&Sdygu ,if;vTwfawmfrsm;\ Ouú|rsm;onf tcsif;csif;nd§EIdif;í jynfolYvTwfawmfESihf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfwdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& wlnDpGmyg0ifaom yl;aygif;aumfrwDwpf&yfudk zGJUpnf;aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ jynfolYvTwfawmfonf xdkaumfrwDwGifyg0ifrnhf jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk a&G;aumufwifajr§muf wm0efay;tyfEdkifonf/ ,if;yl;aygif;aumfrwD\ oufwrf;onfoufqdkif&mvTwfawmfodkY tpD&ifcHpm wifoGif;NyD;onhf tcsdefftxdjzpfonf/

118/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmfonf jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwDrsm;u avhvmaomtaMumif;udpörsm;rSty useftaMumif;udpörsm;udk avhvm&ef vdktyfygu aumfr&SifESihf tzGJUrsm;udk jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzihfvnf;aumif;? oihfavsmfonhf EdkifiHom;rsm; xnhfoGif;ívnf;aumif;zGJUpnf;Edkifonf?

( c ) jynfolYvTwfawmfonf txufygaumfr&SifESihf tzGJUrsm;udk zGJUpnf;onhftcg ,if;aumfr&Sif odkYr[kwf tzGJUrsm;\ tzGJU0ifOD;a&? wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGihf?&ydkifcGihfESihfoufwrf;udkyg owfrSwfay;&rnf/

jynfolYvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;jynfolYvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;jynfolYvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;jynfolYvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;jynfolYvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;119/ jynfolYvTwfawmf\oufwrf;onf ,if;vTwfawmf\ yxrtBudrf tpnf;ta0;pwifusif;yonhf aeY&ufrSpí ig;ESpf jzpfonf/

42

Qualification of the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives

120. Persons who possess the following qualifications shall be entitled to be elected as

the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives :

(a) person who has attained the age of 25 years;

(b) citizen who was born of both parents who are citizens;

(c) person who has resided in the Union of Myanmar for at least ten consecutive

years up to the time of his election as Pyithu Hluttaw representative;

Proviso: The official period of stay in a foreign country with the permission

of the Union shall be counted as a residing period in the Union,

(d) person who possesses qualifications prescribed by the Election Law.

Disqualification for the Pyithu Hluttaw Representatives

121. The following persons shall not be entitled to be elected as the Pyithu Hluttaw

representatives :

(a) a person serving prison term, having been convicted by the Court concerned

for having committed an offence;

(b) a person who has no right to be elected a Pyithu Hluttaw representative

due to having committed an offence relating to disqualification for the Pyithu

Hluttaw representative and being convicted for such offence, unless the

period specified by the authority for him has not expired, before or after

the Constitution comes into operation;

(c) person who is of unsound mind as adjudged by the relevant law;

(d) person who is an undischarged insolvent as being declared by the relevant

court;

(e) person who owes allegiance to a foreign government, or subject to a

foreign government or a citizen of a foreign country;

43

jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;120/ atmufygt&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf jynfhpHkolonf jynfolYvTwfawmfodkY vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGihf&Sdonf –

(u) touf 25 ESpfjynfhNyD;ol?( c ) EdkifiHom;rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;aom EkdifiHom;jzpfol?( * ) jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcH&onhf

tcsdefESihf wpfqufwnf; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfwGif tenf;qHk;10 ESpf tajccsaexdkifcJhol?>cif;csuf/ EdkifiHawmf\ cGihfjyKcsufjzihf EdkifiHjcm;odkY w&m;0ifoGm;a&muf

onhfumvrsm;udkvnf; EkdifiHawmfwGif tajccsaexkdifcJhonhfumvtjzpf xnfhoGif;a&wGuf&rnf/

(C) a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;qdkif&m Oya'wGif owfrSwfxm;onhf t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf jynhfpHkol/

jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHykdifcGihf r&Sdjcif;jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHykdifcGihf r&Sdjcif;jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHykdifcGihf r&Sdjcif;jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHykdifcGihf r&Sdjcif;jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHykdifcGihf r&Sdjcif;121/ atmufygyk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHykdifcGifhr&Sdap& -

(u) jypfrIwpfckckudk usL;vGefojzihf oufqdkif&mw&m;½Hk;\ jypfrIxif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&í axmif'PfuscHae&ol?

( c ) zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'tmPm rwnfrDujzpfap? tmPmwnfNyD;rS jzpfapjynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ft&nftcsif; ysuf,Gif;aponhf jypfrIjzihfjypf'PfcsrSwfcH&jcif;twGuf jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfa&G;aumufwifajr§muf cHydkifcGihfr&SdaMumif; oufqkdif&mu owfrSwfonhfumv ukefqHk;jcif; r&Sdao;ol?

( * ) pdwfayghoGyfonf[k oufqdkif&mOya'u jy|mef;xm;onhftwdkif;owfrSwfjcif;cH&ol?

(C) vlrJGtjzpf oufqkdif&mw&m;½Hk;\ aMunmcHxm;&jcif;rS vGwfajrmufcGihfr&ao;ol?

( i ) EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&\ aus;Zl;opömudk cH,lapmihfa&Smuf½dkaool odkYr[kwfEdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&\vufatmufcHjzpfol odkYr[kwf wdkif;wpfyg;\ EkdifiHom;jzpfol?

43

(f) person who is entitled to enjoy the rights and privileges of a subject of a

foreign government or a citizen of a foreign country;

(g) person himself or is of a member of an organization who obtains and

utilizes directly or indirectly the support of money, land, housing, building,

vehicle, property, so forth, from government or religious organization or

other organizations of a foreign country;

(h) person himself or is of a member of an organization who abets the act of

inciting, giving speech, conversing or issuing declaration to vote or not to

vote based on religion for political purpose;

(i) member of a religious order;

(j) Civil Services personnel;

Proviso: The expression shall not be applied to Civil Services

personnel including the Defence Services personnel

selected and appointed in the Hluttaws and organizations

formed under the Constitution.

(k) person himself or is of a member of an organization who obtains and

utilizes directly or indirectly the State-owned money, land, housing, building,

vehicle, property, so forth;

Proviso: (i) The expression ‘State-owned money’ does not include

pension, allowance, money or salary, allowances, money

officially granted by the Union for services rendered for

the benefit of the Union;

(ii) The expression ‘State-owned land, housing, building,

vehicles and property’ does not include State-owned land,

housing, building and apartments, other building and

44

( p ) EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&\ vufatmufcHjzpfolaomfvnf;aumif;? wdkif;wpfyg;\EdkifiHom;aomfvnf;aumif; cHpm;&aom tcGihfta&;rsm; odkYr[kwfaus;Zl;cHpm;cGihfrsm;udk cHpm;EdkifcGihf&Sdol?

(q) EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfwpfckck\ tpdk;& odkYr[kwf bmoma&;tzJGUtpnf;odkYr[kwf tjcm;tzJGUtpnf;rsm;rS aiGaMu;? ajr? tdrf? taqmufttHk?,mOf? ypönf; ponfwdkYudk wdkuf½dkufjzpfap? oG,f0dkufaomenf;jzihf jzpfaptaxmuftyHh&,loHk;pJGol odkYr[kwf ,if;odkY taxmuftyHh &,loHk;pJGonhftzJGUtpnf;0ifjzpfol?

( Z ) EdkifiHa&;udpötwGuf bmoma&;udk taMumif;jyKí qE´rJay;&efaomfvnf;aumif;? qE´rJray;&efaomfvnf;aumif; ajymqdkjcif;?a[majymjcif;? aMunmcsufxkwfjyefjcif;ESihf ,if;odkYjyKvkyf&ef tm;ay;vIHYaqmfjcif;jyKol odkYr[kwf ,if;odkYjyKvkyfonhf tzJGUtpnf;0ifjzpfol?

(ps) omoemh0efxrf;?(n) EdkifiHh0efxrf;?

>cif;csuf/ ,if;pum;&yfonf –zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;aom vTwfawmfrsm;ESifhtzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif a&G;cs,fcefUtyfjcif;cH&onfhwyfrawmfom;rsm; tygt0if EdkifiHh0efxrf;rsm;ESifhroufqdkifap&/

(# ) EdkifiHawmfydkifaiGaMu;? ajr? tdrf? taqmufttHk? ,mOf? ypönf; ponfwkdYudkwkduf½dkufjzpfap? oG,f0dkufaomenf;jzifhjzpfap &,loHk;pGJol odkYr[kwf,if;odkY &,loHk;pJGonhf tzJGUtpnf;0ifjzpfol?>cif;csuf/ (1) EdkifiHawmfydkifaiGaMu;[laom pum;&yfwGif tNidrf;pm;

vpm? p&dwf? aiGaMu;aomfvnf;aumif;? EkdifiHawmftusKd;twGuf aqmif&Gufojzihf EkdifiHawmfu w&m;0ifaxmufyHhcsD;jr§ihfxm;aom vpm? p&dwf? aiGaMu;aomfvnf;aumif; ryg0if?

(2) Ed kifiHawmfyd kifajr? tdrf? taqmufttHk? ,mOf?ypönf;[laompum;&yfwGif Oya'wpf&yf&yft&aomfvnf;aumif;? wm0eft&aomfvnf;aumif; EkdifiHawmf

44

apartments, State-owned aircraft, trains, vessels and motor

vehicles and property, so forth, which have been permitted

by the Union to be used under an existing law or as

required by duty, or leased from the Union on payment.

(l) a person who has no right to be elected a Pyithu Hluttaw representative

due to having committed a malpractice under relating to the Election Law

or acting an omission relating to disqualification for a Pyithu Hluttaw

representative being convicted under the Election Law, the period specified

by the authority for him has not expired, before or after the Constitution

comes into operation.

Qualifications of the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives who are the Defence Services

personnel

122. The Defence Services personnel, nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the

Defence Services as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives who are the Defence Services personnel

in accord with the law, shall possess the prescribed qualifications for the Pyithu Hluttaw

representatives.

Convening the Pyithu Hluttaw Session

123. The first regular session of a term of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be held within 90

days after the commencement of the general election.

124. (a) The first regular session of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be held by the State

Peace and Development Council after the Constitution comes into

operation.

(b) The first regular sessions for the forthcoming terms of the Pyithu Hluttaw

shall be held by the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw who continues to perform

his duties in accord with the provisions of the Constitution.

45

u oHk;pJGcGihfjyKxm;aom odkYr[kwf EdkifiHawmfxHrStcaMu;aiGjzihf iSm;&rf;oHk;pJGaom EdkifiHawmfydkif ajr?tdrf? taqmufttHkESihf tcef;rsm;? tjcm;taqmufttHkESihf tcef;rsm;? EkdifiHawmfydkif av,mOf? &xm;?oabFm? armfawmf,mOf? ypönf;ponfrsm; ryg0if/

( X ) zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya' tmPmrwnfrDujzpfap? tmPmwnfNyD;rSjzpfapjynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ft&nftcsif; ysuf,Gif;aponhfa&G;aumufyJGqdkif&m w&m;rJhjyKusifhrI usL;vGefjcif;aMumihf odkYr[kwfa&G;aumufyJGqdkif&m Oya'ESihftnD aqmif&Guf&ef ysufuGufjcif;aMumihfjynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§muf cHydkifcGihfr&SdaMumif; oufqkdif&mu owfrSwfxm;onhfumv ukefqHk;jcif; r&Sdao;ol/

wyfrawmfom; jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;wyfrawmfom; jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;wyfrawmfom; jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;wyfrawmfom; jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;wyfrawmfom; jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;122/ wyfrawmfom; jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu Oya'ESihftnD trnfpm&if; wifoGif;aom wyfrawmfom;rsm;onf jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;onhf t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf jynhfpHk&rnf/

jynfolYvGwfawmftpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;jynfolYvGwfawmftpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;jynfolYvGwfawmftpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;jynfolYvGwfawmftpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;jynfolYvGwfawmftpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;123/ jynfolYvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;wpf&yf pwifaom yxrtBudrf ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;udk taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ pwifusif;yonfhaeY&ufrS &ufaygif; 90 twGif;usif;y&rnf/

124/ (u) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' tmPmwnfNyD;aemuf yxrtBudrfjynfolYvTwfawmf ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;udk EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpDu ac:,lusif;y&rnf?

(c) jynfolYvTwfawmf\ aemifoufwrf;rsm;twGuf yxrtBudrf ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;rsm;udk zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufESihftnD wm0efqufvuf xrf;aqmifvsuf&Sdaom jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|u ac:,lusif;y&rnf/

45

125. (a) The representatives of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall take an affirmation of office

as mentioned in Schedule Four before the Chairperson of the Pyithu

Hluttaw at the first regular session of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

(b) The representatives of the Pyithu Hluttaw who have not taken an

affirmation of office shall do so before the Speaker of the Hluttaw at the

session of the Pyithu Hluttaw at which they first attend.

126. The Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall convene the regular session at least once

a year. The maximum interval between regular sessions shall not exceed 12 months.

127. The following functions shall be carried out at the Pyithu Hluttaw session :

(a) recording the address delivered by the President;

(b) reading and recording the message sent by the President and other

messages permitted by the Speaker;

(c) submitting, discussing and resolving on a Bill;

(d) discussing and resolving on the matters to be undertaken by the Pyithu

Hluttaw in accord with the provisions of the Constitution;

(e) discussing, resolving and recording the reports submitted to the Pyithu

Hluttaw;

(f) submitting proposals, discussing and resolving;

(g) raising questions and replying;

(h) performing matters approved by the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

128. (a) The first day session of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be valid if more than half

of the total number of the Hluttaw representatives, who have the right to

attend the session, are present. The session, if invalid, shall be adjourned.

46

125/ (u) yxrtBudrfusif;yaom jynfolYvTwfawmf ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;wGifjynfolYvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;onf jynfolYvTwfawmf obmywda&SUarSmufü Z,m; 4 wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; uwdopömjyK&rnf?

( c ) uwdopömrjyK&ao;aom jynfolYvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;onfpwifwufa&mufaom jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wGif vTwfawmfOuú| a&SUarSmufü uwdopömjyK&rnf/

126/ jynfolYvTwfawmfykHrSeftpnf;ta0;ukd jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|u wpfESpfvQiftenf;qkH;wpfBudrf ac:,lusif;y&rnf/ ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;wpfBudrfESifh wpfBudrftMum;t&SnfMumqkH;umvonf 12 v xuf rykdap&/

127/ jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;ü atmufygudpö&yfrsm;udk aqmif&Gufonf –(u) EkdifiHawmfor®w ajymMum;onfhrdefYcGef;ukd rSwfwrf;wifjcif;?( c ) EkdifiHawmfor®wu ay;ykdYaomo0PfvTmESifh Ouú|u cGifhjyKaom tjcm;

o0PfvTmrsm;ukd zwfMum;jcif;? rSwfwrf;wifjcif;?( * ) Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qkH;jzwfjcif;?(C) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;t& jynfolYvTwfawmfu

aqmif&Guf&rnfh udpö&yfrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í aqG;aEG;jcif;? qkH;jzwfjcif;?( i ) jynfolYvTwfawmfokdY wifoGif;onfh tpD&ifcHpmrsm;ukd aqG;aEG;jcif;?

qkH;jzwfjcif;? rSwfwrf;wifjcif;?( p ) tqkdwifoGif;jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qkH;jzwfjcif;?(q) ar;cGef;ar;jref;jcif;? ajzMum;jcif;?( Z ) jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|u cGifhjyKonfh udpö&yfrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í

aqmif&Gufjcif;/

128/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wpf&yf\ yxraeYwGif jynfolYvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;okd Y wufa&mufcGihf&S donfh vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fpkpkaygif;OD;a&\ xuf0ufausmfOD;a& wufa&mufvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0; txajrmufonf/ tu,fí txrajrmufygu tpnf;ta0;udka&TUqdkif;usif;y&rnf?

46

(b) The sessions that are adjourned due to invalidity in accord with the

Sub-Section (a) as well as the valid sessions that are extended will be

valid if at least one-third of the Hluttaw representatives are present.

129. (a) A matter that shall be resolved in the Pyithu Hluttaw, save as otherwise

provided by the Constitution, shall be determined by a majority of votes

of the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives who are present and voting.

(b) The Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Deputy Speaker discharging

duties as the Speaker at the Pyithu Hluttaw shall not vote in the first instance

in the sessions of the Pyithu Hluttaw, but shall have and exercise a casting

vote in the matter of an equality of votes.

130. (a) If a Pyithu Hluttaw representative is, without permission of the Pyithu

Hluttaw, absent from a Pyithu Hluttaw session for a period of at least 15

consecutive days, the Pyithu Hluttaw may declare his seat vacant. In

computing the said period of 15 days, no account shall be taken of any

period during which the session is adjourned.

(b) If the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw informed the Pyithu Hluttaw

that a Pyithu Hluttaw representative is absent from a Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

session for a period of 15 consecutive days without permission, the Pyithu

Hluttaw shall take action against the said representative in accord with the

prescribed procedures.

47

( c ) yk'frcGJ (u) t& tpnf;ta0; txrajrmufonfhtwGuf a&TUqkdif;usif;yaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;ESifh tpnf;ta0; txajrmufNyD;aemufqufvufusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;okdY wufa&mufcGihf&Sdonfh vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qkH;okH;ykHwpfykH wufa&mufvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0;rsm; txajrmufonf/

129/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmfwGif tqHk;tjzwfjyK&rnfh taMumif;t&m wpf&yfESihfpyfvsOf;í rJcGJqHk;jzwf&mü zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'wGif tjcm;enf;jy|mef;xm;jcif; r&SdvQif tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufí qErJay;onhfjynfolYvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;\ rsm;&mqErJjzihf qHk;jzwf&rnf?

( c ) jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif rJcGJqHk;jzwfonhf udpörsm;üjynfolYvTwfawmfOuú| odkYr[kwf Ouú|wm0ef xrf;aqmifaeonfh'kwd,Ouú|onf qE´rJray;&/ axmufcHqE´rJESihf uefYuGufqE´rJta&twGufcsif; wlnDaeonfhudpö&yfwGifom tEdkifrJay;&rnf/

130/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;onf jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wpf&yfwGif jynfolYvTwfawmf\ cGihfjyKcsufr&bJ tpnf;ta0;wufa&muf&ef tenf;qHk; &ufaygif; 15 &uf wpfqufwnf; ysufuGufvQif owfrSwfxm;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD xdkjynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f\ae&m vpfvyfonf[k jynfolYvTwfawmfu aMunmEdkifonf/ jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; wufa&muf&ef cGihfrJhysufuGufonfh &ufaygif; 15 &ufudk a&wGuf&mü tpnf;ta0; a&TUqdkif;xm;onfhumvudk xnfhoGif;a&wGufjcif; rjyK&?

(c) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&muf&rnfh jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;onf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wpf&yfwGif vTwfawmf\ cGih f jyKcsufr&bJ tpnf;ta0;wufa&muf&ef &ufaygif; 15 &uf wpfqufwnf;ysufuGufaMumif;jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uxHrS taMumif;Mum;csuf &&SdvQif jynfolYvTwfawmfu ,if;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftm; owfrSwfxm;onfhenf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD ta&;,l&rnf/

47

131. Although there are vacant seats, the Pyithu Hluttaw shall have the right to carry out

its functions. Moreover, the resolutions and proceedings of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall not be

annulled, notwithstanding the acts of some person who was not entitled to do so sat or

voted or took part in the proceedings are later discovered.

132. The proceedings and the records of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be published. However,

the proceedings and the records prohibited by any law or the resolution of the Pyithu

Hluttaw shall not be published.

133. (a) Subject to the provisions of the Constitution and the law relating to the

Pyithu Hluttaw, the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives shall have freedom of

speech and voting at the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Pyithu Hluttaw Committee.

Concerning the discussing, submitting and performing at the Pyithu Hluttaw

and the Pyithu Hluttaw Committees, no action shall be taken against a

Pyithu Hluttaw representative except under its law.

(b) Subject to the provisions of the Constitution and the provisions of the law

relating to the Pyithu Hluttaw, members of the organizations or persons

representing any of the Union level organizations formed under the

Constitution who are permitted or invited to attend the session of the

Pyithu Hluttaw or any committee of the Pyithu Hluttaw have the freedom

of speech at the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Pyithu Hluttaw Committees. No

action shall be taken against such members or persons for their submissions

and speeches in the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Pyithu Hluttaw Committees

by other law except under its law.

48

131/ jynfolYvTwfawmfonf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fae&mtcsKdU vpfvyfaeapumrljynfolYvTwfawmfvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufcGifh&Sdonf/ xdkUtjyif tcGihfta&; r&SdolwpfOD;u jynfolYvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufjcif;? qErJay;jcif; odkUr[kwfvTwfawmfvkyfief; wpf&yf&yfwGif yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhjcif;udk aemiftcgwGifrS ppfaq;awGU&Sdapumrl jynfolYvTwfawmf\ qHk;jzwfaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf ysufjy,fjcif; r&Sdap&/

132/ jynfolYvTwfawmf\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ESihf rSwfwrf;rsm;udk trsm;jynfolod&SdEdkif&ef xkwfjyef&rnf/ odkY&mwGif Oya'wpf&yf&yft&jzpfap? jynfolYvTwfawmf\qHk;jzwfcsuft&jzpfap? wm;jrpfxm;onfh aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ESihf rSwfwrf;rsm;udkxkwfjyefjcif;rjyK&/

133/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif;? jynfolYvTwfawmfqdkif&m Oya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif; rqefYusifvQif jynfolYvTwfawmfESihfjynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwDwdkYwGif vGwfvyfpGmajymqdkcGifhESihf qErJ ay;cGifh&Sdonf/ xkdodkY jynfolYvTwfawmfESifh jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwDrsm;wGifwifjyaqG;aEG;jcif;? aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYESihf pyfvsOf;í jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;tm; jynfolYvTwfawmfqdkif&m Oya'rSty tjcm;Oya't& ta&;,ljcif;rjyK&?

( c ) jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkYjzpfap? jynfolYvTwfawmf aumfrwDwpf&yf&yf\ tpnf;ta0;odkYjzpfap wufa&muf&ef cGifhjyKjcif; odkYr[kwfzdwfMum;jcif;cH&aom zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& zJGUpnf;onhf jynfaxmifpktqihf tzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfudk udk,fpm;jyKaom tzJGUtpnf;0ifrsm;odkYr[kwf yk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfaomfvnf;aumif;? jynfolYvTwfawmfqdkif&m Oya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfaomfvnf;aumif; rqefYusifvQif jynfolYvTwfawmf okdYr[kwf jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwDrsm;wGif vGwfvyfpGm ajymqdkcGifh&Sdonf/ jynfolYvTwfawmf okd Yr[kwf jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwDrsm;wGif wifjyajymqdkrIrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;í ,if;tzJGUtpnf;0ifrsm; odkYr[kwf yk*d¾Kvfrsm;tm; jynfolYvTwfawmfqdkif&m Oya'rSty tjcm;Oya't& ta&;,ljcif;rjyK&?

48

(c) If the persons mentioned in Sub-Sections (a) and (b) committed assault in

exercising the said privileges, they shall be liable to punishment under the

regulations, by-laws, procedures of the Pyithu Hluttaw or the existing laws.

134. (a) If there is a need to arrest a Pyithu Hluttaw representative attending the

session or a person attending the Pyithu Hluttaw session with the permission

or invitation of the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the credible evidence

shall be submitted to the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw. He shall not be

arrested without the prior permission of the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

(b) If there is a need to arrest a member of a Committee or Commission or

the Body of the Pyithu Hluttaw attending session of any Committee or

session of Commission or the Body formed by the Pyithu Hluttaw, the

credible evidence shall be submitted to the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw

through the Head of the Committee or Commission or Body concerned.

He shall not be arrested without the prior permission of the Speaker of the

Pyithu Hluttaw.

(c) If a Pyithu Hluttaw representative is arrested, the Pyithu Hluttaw or the

Pyithu Hluttaw Committee or the Commission or the Body formed by the

Pyithu Hluttaw is not in session, the credible evidence in support of such

arrest shall as soon as possible be submitted to the Speaker of the Pyithu

Hluttaw.

135. No action shall be instituted relating to the reports, documents, and Hluttaw records

published by the Pyithu Hluttaw or under its authority.

49

( * ) yk'frcGJ (u) ESifh ( c ) wGif yg&Sdaom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf txufyg tcGihfta&;rsm;ukd usifhokH;Mu&mwGif ukd,fxdvufa&mufusL;vGefrIrsm;&SdcJhygu,if;wkdYonf jynfolYvTwfawmf\ pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;? vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;t&vnf;aumif;? wnfqJOya'rsm;t&vnf;aumif; ta&;,ljcif;cH&rnf/

134/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmftpnf;ta0; wufa&mufaeaom jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;udkjzpfap? vTwfawmfOuú|\ cGifhjyKcsuf odkYr[kwfzdwfMum;csuft& ,if;tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufaeaom yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;udk jzpfap zrf;qD;&efvdktyfygu cdkifvHkaomtaxmuftxm;udkjynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|xH wifjy&rnf/ jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|\BudKwifcGihfjyKcsufr&&SdbJ zrf;qD;jcif;rjyK&?

( c ) jynfolYvTwfawmf aumfrwDwpf&yf&yf\ tpnf;ta0;wGifaomfvnf;aumif;? jynfolYvTwfawmfu zJGUpnf;aom aumfr&Sif odkYr[kwf tzJGUwpfckck\ tpnf;ta0;wGifaomfvnf;aumif; tpnf;ta0; wufa&mufaeonhf ,if;aumfrwD? aumfr&Sif odkYr[kwf tzJGU\ tzJGU0ifwpfOD;tm; zrf;qD;&efvdktyfygu cdkifvHkaomtaxmuftxm;udkoufqdkif&maumfrwD? aumfr&Sif odkYr[kwf tzJGU\ tBuD;trSL;rSwpfqifhjynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|xH wifjy&rnf/ jynfolYvTwfawmf Ouú|\BudKwifcGifhjyKcsuf r&&SdbJ zrf;qD;jcif;rjyK&?

( * ) jynfolYvTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwD odkYr[kwfjynfolYvTwfawmfu zJGUpnf;aomaumfr&SifESihf tzJGUtpnf;ta0; usif;ycsdefr[kwfvQif jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;tm; zrf;qD;yguxdkodkY zrf;qD;jcif;ESihf pyfvsOf;onfh cdkifvHkaomtaxmuftxm;udkjynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|xH aqmvsifpGm wifjy&rnf/

135/ jynfolYvTwfawmfuaomfvnf;aumif;? ,if;vTwfawmf\ tcGifhtmPmt&aomfvnf;aumif; jzefYcsdxkwfa0onhf tpD&ifcHpmrsm;? pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;? vTwfawmfrSwfwrf;rsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í w&m;pJGqdkydkifcGifh r&Sdap&/

49

Submission of Bill

136. Bills relating to other matters , except the matters prescribed in the Constitution

that the Bill shall be submitted and passed exclusively by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw stated in

the Schedule One of Union Legislative List, shall be initiated in the Pyithu Hluttaw in

accord with the prescribed procedures.

137. (a) After issuing any rule, regulation or by-law in accord with the law enacted

by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the Body concerned shall distribute and submit

the said rule, regulation or by-law to its representatives at the nearest

regular session of the Pyithu Hluttaw with the permitted arrangement of

the Speaker of the Hluttaw.

(b) If it is found that a rule, regulation or by-law is in conformity with the

provisions of relevant law, Hluttaw representatives may move to annul or

amend the rule, regulation or by-law to the Pyithu Hluttaw within 90 days

from the day that rule, regulation or by-law is submitted and distributed.

(c) If there is a disagreement between the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha

Hluttaw to annul or amend any rule, regulation or by-law, it shall be

submitted to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

138. (a) If Bills submitted by any Union level organization formed under the

Constitution are sent in accord with the prescribed procedures of the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, it shall be deemed that such Bills are initiated in the

Pyithu Hluttaw, and shall be discussed and resolved in the Pyithu Hluttaw.

(b) Bills relating to other matters , except the matters prescribed in the

Constitution that the Bill shall be submitted and passed exclusively by the

50

Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;136/ Z,m; 1 yg jynfaxmifpkOya'jyKpm&if;wGif azmfjyaom udpö&yfrsm;teufjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGifom Oya'Murf; wifoGif;qHk;jzwf&rnf[k zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ü jy|mef;xm;onfh udpö&yfrsm;rSty usefudpö&yfrsm;udk owfrSwfxm;onfhenf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD jynfolYvTwfawmfwGif Oya'Murf; pwifwifoGif;cGihf&Sdonf/

137/ (u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu jy|mef;onfh Oya't&jyKonfh enf;Oya'?pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfudk xkwfjyefNyD;onfhtcgoufqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;onf rdrdxkwfjyefonhf enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf;odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;udk teD;uyfqHk; usif;yaom jynfolYvTwfawmf yHkrSeftpnf;ta0;umvwGif vTwfawmfOuú|u cGihfjyKonhf tpDtpOfjzihfvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;xH jzefYa0wifjy&rnf?

( c ) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfonf oufqdkif&mOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihf nDñGwfrIr&SdaMumif; awGU&Sdygu ,if;enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;udk y,fzsuf&ef odkYr[kwfjyifqifap&ef enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf; jzefYa0wifjyaomaeY&ufrS &ufaygif; 90 twGif; vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u jynfolYvTwfawmfwGif tqdkwifoGif;Edkifonf?

( * ) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfudk y,fzsuf&efodkYr[kwf jyifqifap&ef qHk;jzwf&mwGif jynfolYvTwfawmfESihf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfwdkY oabmuGJvGJygu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfodkU wifjy&rnf/

138/ (u) zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;onfh jynfaxmifpktqifh tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfu wifoGif;aom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu owfrSwfxm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD ay;ydkYvmvQif jynfolYvTwfawmfwGif pwifwifoGif;aom Oya'Murf;[k rSwf,lí jynfolYvTwfawmfü aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf&rnf?

(c) jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf jynfaxmifpkOya'jyKpm&if;wGifyg&Sdaomudpö&yfrsm;teuf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfüom Oya'Murf;

50

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw stated in the Union Legislative List, shall be initiated

in the Pyithu Hluttaw in accord with the law. Such Bills shall be discussed

and resolved by the Pyithu Hluttaw under the prescribed procedures.

(c) The Bills passed by the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be sent to the Amyotha Hluttaw

to continue to discuss and resolve.

139. (a) After receiving a Bill sent by the Amyotha Hluttaw, the Pyithu Hluttaw

may resolve to agree or disagree, or agree with amendments in accord

with the resolution of the Amyotha Hluttaw. The Bill shall be sent back to

the Amyotha Hluttaw together with the resolution of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

(b) When the Pyithu Hluttaw recieves the Bill with amendments from the

Amyotha Hluttaw it shall, if it accepts the Bill with amendments of the

Amyotha Hluttaw, send to the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

(c) If there is a disagreement between the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha

Hluttaw relating to the Bill sent to the Amyotha Hluttaw, the Pyithu Hluttaw

shall take the resolution of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

140. Members of the organization representing any Union level Body formed under the

Constitution are entitled :

(a) to explain, converse and discuss Bills or matters relating to their Bodies

when they are attending the Pyithu Hluttaw session with the permission of

the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw;

(b) to explain, converse and discuss Bills or matters relating to their Bodies

when they are attending sessions of the Committees, Commissions and

Bodies of the Pyithu Hluttaw with the permission of the Head of the

Committee, Commission or Body concerned.

51

wifoGif;qHk;jzwf&rnf[k zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ü owfrSwfjy|mef;xm;onhf udpö&yfrsm;rSty usefudpö&yfrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;aom Oya'Murf;rsm;udkOya'ESihftnD jynfolYvTwfawmfodkY pwifwifoGif;cGihf&Sdonf/ ,if;Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrSwfxm;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESih ftnD jynfolYvTwfawmfü aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf&rnf?

(*) jynfolYvTwfawmfu twnfjyKonhf Oya'Murf;rsm;udk qufvufaqG;aEG;qHk;jzwfEdkif&ef trsKd;om;vTwfawmfodkY ay;ydkY&rnf/

139/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmfonf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfu ay;ydkYaom Oya'Murf;wpf&yfudk vufcH&&Sdonhftcg trsKd;om;vTwfawmfu qHk;jzwfonfhtwdkif; oabmwlaMumif; odkYr[kwf oabmrwlaMumif; odkYr[kwfjyifqifcsufrsm;jzifh oabmwlaMumif; qHk;jzwfEdkifonf/ xdkOya'Murf;udk jynfolYvTwfawmf\ qHk;jzwfcsufESifhtwl trsKd;om;vTwfawmfodkYjyefvnfay;ydkY&rnf?

( c ) jynfolYvTwfawmfu ay;ydkYcJhonhfOya'Murf;udk trsKd;om;vTwfawmfujyifqifcsufrsm;jzifh jyefvnfay;ydkYvmvQif jynfolYvTwfawmfonftrsKd;om;vTwfawmf\ jyifqifcsufudk vufcHygu ,if;Oya'Murf;udkjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uxH ay;ydkY&rnf?

(*) jynfolYvTwfawmfonf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfodkY ay;ydkYcJhaom Oya'Murf;wpf&yfESifhpyfvsOf;í trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf oabmuJGvJGvQifjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ tqHk;tjzwf &,l&rnf/

140/ zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& zJGUpnf;onhf jynfaxmifpktqifh tzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfudk udk,fpm;jyKaom tzJGUtpnf;0ifrsm;onf –

(u) jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|\ cGifhjyKcsufjzifh jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufonhftcg rdrdtzJGUtpnf;ESihf oufqdkifaom Oya'Murf;rsm; okdYr[kwf udpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í &Sif;vif;ajymqdkaqG;aEG;cGifh &dSonf?

( c ) jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwDrsm;? aumfr&Sifrsm;ESihf tzJGUrsm;\ tpnf;ta0;rsm;odkY ,if;aumfrwD? aumfr&Sif odkYr[kwf tzJGUtBuD;trSL;\cGifhjyKcsufjzihf wufa&mufonhftcg rdrdtzJGUtpnf;ESihf oufqdkifaomOya'Murf;rsm; okdYr[kwf udpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í &Sif;vif;ajymqdkaqG;aEG;cGifh&Sdonf/

51

Amyotha Hluttaw

Formation of the Amyotha Hluttaw

141. The Amyotha Hluttaw shall be formed with a maximum of 224 Hluttaw

representatives as follows :

(a) 168 Amyotha Hluttaw representatives elected in an equal number of 12

representatives from each Region or State inclusive of relevant Union

territories and including one representative from each Self-Administered

Division or Self-Administered Zone;

(b) 56 Amyotha Hluttaw representatives who are the Defence Services

personnel nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services

in accord with the law, four representatives from each Region or State

inclusive of relevant Union territories;

(c) in forming the Amyotha Hluttaw as mentioned in Sub-Sections (a) and

(b), the relevant Union Territory means the Union Territories, prescribed

under the Constitution, or prescribed by law of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw,

which are inclusive in State or Division, Region or State for the purpose of

electing the Amyotha Hluttaw representative.

Election of Chairperson of the Amyotha Hluttaw

142. Election of Chairperson of the Amyotha Hluttaw shall be carried out subject to the

provisions relating to the election of Chairperson of the Pyithu Hluttaw under Section 110.

52

trsKd;om;vTwfawmftrsK d;om;vTwfawmftrsK d;om;vTwfawmftrsK d;om;vTwfawmftrsK d;om;vTwfawmf

trsKd;om;vTwfawmftrsKd;om;vTwfawmftrsKd;om;vTwfawmftrsKd;om;vTwfawmftrsKd;om;vTwfawmf zGJUpnf;jcif;zGJUpnf;jcif;zGJUpnf;jcif;zGJUpnf;jcif;zGJUpnf;jcif;141/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& trsm;qkH; 224 OD;jzihfatmufygtwdkif; zGJUpnf;&rnf –

(u) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif; odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o wpfckpDrSudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;pD yg0ifapNyD; oufqdkif&m jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm;tygt0if wd ki f;a'oBuD; od k Yr[kwf jynfe,fwpfckpDtwGufudk,fpm;vS,f 12 OD;uspD wlnDpGmjzihf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonhftrsKd;om; vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,f 168 OD;?

( c ) oufqdkif&m jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm; tygt0if wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwfjynfe,fwpfckpDtwGuf udk,fpm;vS,fav;OD;uspDjzihf wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu Oya'ESihftnD trnfpm&if; wifoGif;onhfwyfrawmfom; trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f 56 OD;?

( * ) yk'frcGJ (u) ESihf ( c ) wGif azmfjyxm;onhftwdkif; zGJUpnf;&mwGifoufqdkif&m jynfaxmifpke,fajrqdkonfrSm zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't&owfrSwfxm;onhf jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm;onf vnf;aumif;?jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu Oya'jy|mef;í owfrSwfaom jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm;onfvnf;aumif; trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,fa&G;aumufwifajr§muf&ef udpötvdkYiSm tqdkyge,fajryg0ifcJhonhfjynfe,f odkYr[kwf wdkif;wGifjzpfap? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fwGifjzpfap yg0ifjcif;udkqkdonf/

trsKd;om;vTwfawmf obmywd wifajr§mufjcif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf obmywd wifajr§mufjcif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf obmywd wifajr§mufjcif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf obmywd wifajr§mufjcif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf obmywd wifajr§mufjcif;142/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmf obmywdwifajr§mufjcif;udk yk'fr 110 yg jynfolY vTwfawmfobmywdwifajr§mufjcif;qdkif&m jy|mef;csufrsm;twdkif; aqmif&Guf&rnf/

52

Election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw

143. Election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw shall be

carried out subject to the provisions relating to the election of the Speaker and the Deputy

Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw under Section 111.

Duties of the Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw

144. The duties of the Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw shall be subject to the provisions

relating to the duties of the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw under Section 112.

Performance and termination of duties of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of

the Amyotha Hluttaw

145. Performance and termination of duties of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of

the Amyotha Hluttaw shall be subject to the provisions relating to the performance and

termination of duties of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw under

Section 113.

146. Duties, powers and rights of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Amyotha

Hluttaw shall be prescribed by law.

Formation of the Amyotha Hluttaw Committees, Commissions and Bodies

147. (a) The Amyotha Hluttaw shall form Bill Committee, Public Accounts

Committee, Hluttaw Rights Committee, and Government’s Guarantees,

Pledges and Undertakings Vetting Committee with the Amyotha Hluttaw

representatives.

(b) When the occasion arises to have studies made and submitted on defence

and security matters or Military affairs, the Amyotha Hluttaw shall form

the Defence and Security Committee with the Amyotha Hluttaw

representatives who are the Defence Services personnel, for a limited

53

trsKd;om;vTwfawmf Ouú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf Ouú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf Ouú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf Ouú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf Ouú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;143/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;udkyk'fr 111 yg jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;qdkif&mjy|mef;csufrsm;twdkif; aqmif&Guf&rnf/

trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0eftrsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0eftrsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0eftrsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0eftrsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0ef144/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0efonf yk'fr 112 yg jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0efqdkif&m jy|mef;csufrsm;twdkif;jzpfonf/

trsK d;om;vTwfawmf Ouú|ESih f 'kwd,Ouú|wdkU\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESif htrsK d;om;vTwfawmf Ouú|ESih f 'kwd,Ouú|wdkU\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESif htrsK d;om;vTwfawmf Ouú|ESih f 'kwd,Ouú|wdkU\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESif htrsK d;om;vTwfawmf Ouú|ESih f 'kwd,Ouú|wdkU\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESif htrsK d;om;vTwfawmf Ouú|ESih f 'kwd,Ouú|wdkU\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESif h&yfpJjcif;&yfpJjcif;&yfpJjcif;&yfpJjcif;&yfpJjcif;145/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|ESifh 'kwd,Ouú|wdkY\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESifh&yfpJjcif;wdkYonf yk'fr 113 yg jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkY\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;? &yfpJjcif;qdkif&m jy|mef;csufrsm;twdkif;jzpfonf/

146/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkY\ wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGihfESihf &ydkifcGihfrsm;udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrSwf&rnf/

trsKd;om;vTwfawmfaumfrwD? aumfr&SifESifh tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmfaumfrwD? aumfr&SifESifh tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmfaumfrwD? aumfr&SifESifh tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmfaumfrwD? aumfr&SifESifh tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmfaumfrwD? aumfr&SifESifh tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;147/ (u) trsKd;om;vTwfawmfonf Oya'Murf;aumfrwD? jynfolYaiGpm&if;

aumfrwD? vTwfawmftcGifhta&;aumfrwD? tpdk;&\tmrcHcsufrsm;?uwdrsm;ESihf wm0efcHcsufrsm; pdppfa&;aumfrwDwdkYudk trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzihf zGJUpnf;&rnf?

( c ) umuG,fa&;ESihf vkHNcKHa&;qdkif&m udpörsm;udkvnf;aumif;? wyfrawmfqdkif&m udpörsm;udkvnf;aumif; avhvmwifjyap&ef taMumif;ay:aygufygu trsKd;om;vTwfawmfonf umuG,fa&;ESihf vkHNcKHa&;aumfrwDudk wyfrawmfom; trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzihfumvowfrSwfí zGJUpnf;&rnf/ xdkodkYzGJUpnf;onhf umuG,fa&;ESihfvkHNcKHa&;aumfrwDonf vkyfief;vdktyfcsuft& wyfrawmfom; r[kwf

53

time. The Defence and Security Committee so formed may, if necessary,

be included suitable Amyotha Hluttaw representatives who are not the

Defence Services personnel in accord with the volume of work.

(c) If there arises a need to study and submit on other affairs, in addition to

legislature, executive, national races affairs, economics, finance, social and

foreign affairs, the Hluttaw Committees may be formed with the Amyotha

Hluttaw representatives for a limited time.

(d) The Amyotha Hluttaw shall determine the number of members, duties,

powers, rights, and term of the Amyotha Hluttaw Committees.

148. If there arises a certain matter to co-ordinate with the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Amyotha

Hluttaw may elect and assign its representatives who will serve with the Joint Committee

comprising an equal number of representatives from the Amyotha Hluttaw and the Pyithu

Hluttaw to form that Committee. The term of the Joint Committee shall be until the time

they have submitted the report to the Hluttaw concerned.

149. When both the Amyotha Hluttaw and the Pyithu Hluttaw have certain matters to

study, apart from matters to be performed by the Committees as prescribed in Sub-

Sections (a) and (b) of Section 147, the Speakers of these Hluttaws may co-ordinate

among themselves and form a Joint Committee comprising an equal number of

representatives from the Amyotha Hluttaw and the Pyithu Hluttaw. The Amyotha Hluttaw

may elect and assign the Amyotha Hluttaw representatives included in that Committee.

The term of the Joint Committee shall be until the time they have submitted the report to

the Hluttaw concerned.

150. Formation of the Amyotha Hluttaw Commissions and Bodies of the Amyotha

Hluttaw shall be carried out subject to the provisions relating to the formation of Commission

and Bodies of the Pyithu Hluttaw under Section 118.

54

aom oihfavsmfonfh trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udkvnf;xnhfoGif;zGJUpnf;&ef vdktyfygu zGJUpnf;Edkifonf?

( * ) trsKd;om;vTwfawmfonf Oya'jyKa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;? wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;ta&;? pD;yGm;a&;? b@ma&;? vlrIa&;? EdkifiHjcm;a&;wdkYtjyiftjcm;a&;&m udpörsm;udk avhvmwifjyap&ef vdktyfygu vTwfawmfaumfrwDrsm;udk trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzihf umvowfrSwfí zGJUpnf;Edkifonf?

(C) trsKd;om;vTwfawmfonf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfaumfrwDrsm;\ tzGJU0ifOD;a&? wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGihf? &ydkifcGihfESihf oufwrf;wdkYudk owfrSwfay;&rnf/

148/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmfonf jynfolYvTwfawmfESihf nd§EIdif;&efudpö ay:aygufvmvQiftrsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf jynfolYvTwfawmfwdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& wlnDpGm yg0ifaomyl;aygif;aumfrwDwpf&yfudk zGJUpnf;aqmif&GufEdkifa&;twGuf ,if;aumfrwDwGifyg0ifrnhftrsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk a&G;aumufwifajr§muf wm0efay;tyfEdkifonf/yl;aygif;aumfrwD\ oufwrf;onf oufqdkif&mvTwfawmfodkY tpD&ifcHpm wifoGif;NyD;onhf tcsdeftxdjzpfonf/

149/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf jynfolYvTwfawmfwdkYonf yk'fr 147 yk'frcGJ (u) ESihf( c ) yg aumfrwDrsm;u aqmif&Guf&rnhf udpörsm;rSty taMumif;udpöwpf&yf&yfudkvTwfawmfESpf&yfvkH;u avhvm&ef&Sdygu ,if;vTwfawmfrsm;\ Ouú|rsm;onf tcsif;csif;nd§EIdif;í trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf jynfolYvTwfawmfwdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& wlnDpGmyg0ifaom yl;aygif;aumfrwDwpf&yfudk zGJUpnf;aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ trsKd;om; vTwfawmfonf xdkaumfrwDwGifyg0ifrnhf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk a&G;aumufwifajr§muf wm0efay;tyfEdkifonf/ ,if;yl;aygif;aumfrwD\ oufwrf;onfoufqdkif&mvTwfawmfodkY tpD&ifcHpmwifoGif;NyD;onhf tcsdefftxdjzpfonf/

150/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmf aumfr&SifESifhtzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;udk yk'fr 118 yg jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfr&SifESifh tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;qdkif&m jy|mef;csufrsm;twdkif; aqmif&Guf&rnf/

54

Term of the Amyotha Hluttaw

151. The term of the Amyotha Hluttaw is the same as the term of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

The term of the Amyotha Hluttaw expires on the day of the expiry of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Qualifications of the Amyotha Hluttaw representatives

152. The Amyotha Hluttaw representatives shall be :

(a) persons who have attained the age of 30 years;

(b) persons who have qualifications, with the exception of the age limit, entitled

to be elected as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives prescribed under Section

120;

(c) persons whose qualifications does not breach the provisions under Section

121 which disqualified a person from standing for election as the Pyithu

Hluttaw representatives.

Qualifications of the Amyotha Hluttaw representatives who are the Defence

Services personnel

153. The Defence Services personnel, nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the

Defence Services as the Amyotha Hluttaw representatives who are the Defence Services

personnel in accord with the law, shall possess the prescribed qualifications for the Amyotha

Hluttaw representatives.

Convening of the Amyotha Hluttaw Session

154. (a) The commencement of the term of the Amyotha Hluttaw is the day of the

commencement of the term of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

(b) The first regular session of the Amyotha Hluttaw shall be held within seven

days after the commencement of the term of that Hluttaw.

155. Convening the Amyotha Hluttaw session shall be carried out subject to the provisions

relating to convening of the Pyithu Hluttaw sessions under Sections 124 to 135.

55

trsKd;om;vTwfawmf\ oufwrf;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf\ oufwrf;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf\ oufwrf;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf\ oufwrf;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf\ oufwrf;151/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmf\ oufwrf;onf jynfolYvTwfawmf\oufwrf;ESihftnDjzpfonf/ jynfolYvTwfawmf\oufwrf; ukefqkH;aomaeYwGif trsKd;om;vTwfawmf\oufwrf;onfvnf; ukefqkH;onf/

trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;152/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf -

(u) touf 30 ESpf jynfhNyD;olrsm; jzpf&rnf?( c ) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolY

vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGihf&Sdaomt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynhfpHk&rnf?

( * ) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfa&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGihf r&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfvnf;oufqdkifap&rnf/

wyfrawmfom; trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;wyfrawmfom; trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;wyfrawmfom; trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;wyfrawmfom; trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;wyfrawmfom; trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;153/ wyfrawmfom; trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu Oya'ESihftnD trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onhf wyfrawmfom;rsm;onf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;onhf t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf jynfhpHk&rnf/

trsKd;om;vTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; usif;yjcif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; usif;yjcif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; usif;yjcif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; usif;yjcif;trsKd;om;vTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; usif;yjcif;154/ (u) trsK d;om;vTwfawmfoufwrf; pwifonfhaeY&ufonf jynfolY

vTwfawmfoufwrf; pwifonfh aeY&ufjzpfonf?( c ) trsKd;om;vTwfawmf\ yxrtBudrf ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;udk ,if;

vTwfawmf\oufwrf; pwifonfhaeYrS ckepf&uftwGif; usif;y&rnf/

155/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;udk yk'fr 124 rS 135 xdygjynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;qdkif&m jy|mef;csufrsm;twdkif; aqmif&Guf&rnf/

55

Submission of Bill

156. Bills relating to other matters, except the matters prescribed in the Constitution

that the Bill was submitted and passed exclusively by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw stated in

Union Legislative List, shall be initiated in the Amyotha Hluttaw in accord with the prescribed

procedures.

157. (a) After issuing a rule, regulation or by-law in accord with the law enacted

by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the Body concerned shall distribute and submit

the said rule, regulation or by-law to its representatives at the nearest

regular session of the Amyotha Hluttaw with the permitted arrangement of

the Speaker of the Hluttaw.

(b) If it is found that a rule, regulation or by-law is in conformity with the

provisions of relevant law, Hluttaw representatives may move to annul or

amend the rule, regulation or by-law to the Amyotha Hluttaw within 90

days from the day that rule, regulation or by-law is submitted and

distributed.

(c) If there is a disagreement between the Amyotha Hluttaw and the Pyithu

Hluttaw to annul or amend any rule, regulation or by-law, it shall be

submitted to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

158. (a) If Bills submitted by any Union level organization formed under the

Constitution are sent in accord with prescribed procedures of the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, it shall be deemed that such Bills are initiated in the

Amyotha Hluttaw, and shall be discussed and resolved in the Amyotha

Hluttaw.

(b) Bills relating to other matters, except the matters prescribed in the

Constitution that the Bill was submitted and passed exclusively by the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw stated in the Union Legislative List shall be initiated in

56

Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;156/ jynfaxmifpkOya'jyKpm&if;wGif azmfjyaom udpö&yfrsm;teuf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGifom Oya'Murf;wifoGif; qHk;jzwf&rnf[k zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ü jy|mef;xm;onfh udpö&yfrsm;rSty usefudpö&yfrsm;udk owfrSwfxm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnDtrsKd;om;vTwfawmfwGif Oya'Murf; pwifwifoGif;cGihf&Sdonf/

157/ (u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfujy|mef;onfh Oya't&jyKonhf enf;Oya'?pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfudk xkwfjyefNyD;onfhtcgoufqdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;onf rdrdxkwfjyefonfh enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf;odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;udk teD;uyfqHk;usif;yaom trsKd;om;vTwfawmfyHkrSeftpnf;ta0;umvwGif vTwfawmfOuú|u cGihfjyKonfhtpDtpOfjzihfvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;xH jzefYa0wifjy&rnf?

( c ) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfonf oufqdkif&mOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifh nDñGwfrIr&SdaMumif; awGU&Sdygu ,if;enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;udk y,fzsuf&ef odkYr[kwfjyifqifap&ef enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf; jzefYa0 wifjyaomaeY&ufrS &ufaygif; 90 twGif; vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;utrsKd;om;vTwfawmfwGif tqdkwifoGif;Edkifonf?

( * ) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfudk y,fzsuf&efodkYr[kwf jyifqifap&ef qHk;jzwf&mwGif trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf jynfolYvTwfawmfwdkY oabmuGJvGJygu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfodkY wifjy&rnf/

158/ (u) zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;onhf jynfaxmifpktqihf tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfu wifoGif;aom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu owfrSwfxm;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD ay;ydkYvmvQif trsKd;om;vTwfawmfwGif pwifwifoGif;aom Oya'Murf;[k rSwf,lí trsKd;om;vTwfawmfü aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf&rnf?

( c ) trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf jynfaxmifpkOya'jyKpm&if;wGif yg&Sdaom udpö&yfrsm;teuf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfüomOya'Murf; wifoGif;qHk;jzwf&rnf[k zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ü owfrSwfjy|mef;xm;onhf udpö&yfrsm;rSty usefudpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;aom

56

the Amyotha Hluttaw in accord with the law. Such Bills shall be discussed

and resolved by the Amyotha Hluttaw under the prescribed procedures.

(c) The Bills passed by the Amyotha Hluttaw shall be sent to the Pyithu Hluttaw

to continue to discuss and to resolve.

159. (a) After receiving a Bill sent by the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Amyotha Hluttaw

may resolve to agree or disagree, or agree with amendments in accord

with the resolution of the Pyithu Hluttaw. The Bill shall be sent back to the

Pyithu Hluttaw together with the resolution of the Amyotha Hluttaw.

(b) When the Amyotha Hluttaw recieves the Bill with amendments from the

Pyithu Hluttaw it shall, if it accepts the Bill with amendments of the Pyithu

Hluttaw, send to the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

(c) If there is a disagreement between the Amyotha Hluttaw and the Pyithu

Hluttaw relating to the Bill sent to the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Amyotha Hluttaw

shall obtain the resolution of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

160. Members representing any Union level Body formed under the Constitution are

entitled :

(a) to explain, converse and discuss Bills or matters relating to their Bodies

when they are attending the Amyotha Hluttaw session with the permission

of the Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw;

(b) to explain, converse and discuss Bills or matters relating to their Bodies

when they are attending sessions of the Committees, Commissions and

Bodies of the Amyotha Hluttaw with the permission of the Head of the

Committee, Commission or Body concerned.

57

Oya'Murf;rsm;udk Oya'ESihftnD trsKd;om;vTwfawmfodkY pwif wifoGif;cGihf&Sdonf/ ,if;Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrSwfxm;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD trsKd;om;vTwfawmfü aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf&rnf?

( * ) trsKd;om;vTwfawmfu twnfjyKonfhOya'Murf;rsm;udk qufvufaqG;aEG;qHk;jzwfEdkif&ef jynfolYvTwfawmfodkY ay;ydkY&rnf/

159/ (u) trsKd;om;vTwfawmfonf jynfolYvTwfawmfu ay;ydkYaom Oya'Murf;wpf&yfudk vufcH&&Sdonhftcg jynfolYvTwfawmfu qHk;jzwfonhftwdkif;oabmwlaMumif; odkYr[kwf oabmrwlaMumif; odkYr[kwf jyifqifcsufrsm;jzifh oabmwlaMumif; qHk;jzwfEdkifonf/ xkdOya'Murf;udk trsKd;om;vTwfawmf\ qHk;jzwfcsufESifhtwl jynfolYvTwfawmfodkY jyefvnfay;ydkY&rnf?

( c ) trsKd;om;vTwfawmfu ay;ydkYcJhonhfOya'Murf;udk jynfolYvTwfawmfujyifqifcsufrsm;jzifh jyefvnfay;ydkYvmvQif trsKd;om;vTwfawmfonfjynfolYvTwfawmf\ jyifqifcsufudk vufcHygu ,if;Oya'Murf;udkjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf em,uxH ay;ydkY&rnf?

( * ) trsKd;om;vTwfawmfonf jynfolYvTwfawmfodkY ay;ydkYcJhaom Oya'Murf;wpf&yfESihfpyfvsOf;í jynfolYvTwfawmfESihf oabmuJGvJGvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ tqHk;tjzwf &,l&rnf/

160/ zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& zJGUpnf;onhf jynfaxmifpktqifh tzJGUtpnf; wpf&yf&yfudk udk,fpm;jyKaom tzJGUtpnf;0ifrsm;onf –

(u) trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|\ cGifhjyKcsufjzifh trsKd;om;vTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufonhftcg rdrdtzJGUtpnf;ESihf oufqdkifaomOya'Murf;rsm; okdYr[kwf udpö&yfrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;í &Sif;vif;ajymqdkaqG;aEG;cGifh&Sdonf?

( c ) trsKd;om;vTwfawmf aumfrwDrsm;? aumfr&Sifrsm;ESihf tzJGUrsm;\ tpnf;ta0;rsm;odkY ,if;aumfrwD? aumfr&Sif odkYr[kwf tzJGUtBuD;trSL;\cGihfjyKcsufjzihf wufa&mufonfhtcg rdrdtzJGUtpnf;ESihf oufqdkifaomOya'Murf;rsm; odkYr[kwf udpö&yfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í &Sif;vif;ajymqdkaqG;aEG;cGifh&Sdonf/

57

Region Hluttaw or State Hluttaw

Formation of the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw

161. The Region or State Hluttaw shall be formed with the following persons :

(a) representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw, two of each are elected

from each township in the Regions or the States;

(b) representatives of the Region Hluttaw, each is elected from each national

race determined by the authorities concerned as having a population

which constitutes 0.1 percent and above of the population of the Union,

of the remaining national races other than those who have already obtained

the respective Region or a Self-Administered Area in that Region;

(c) representatives of the State Hluttaw, each is elected from each national

race determined by the authorities concerned as having a population

which constitutes 0.1 percent and above of the population of the Union,

of the remaining national races other than those who have already obtained

respective State or a Self-Administered Area in that State;

(d) representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw who are the Defence

Services personnel nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence

Services in accord with the law for an equal number of one-third of the

total number of Hluttaw representatives elected under Sub-Sections (a)

and (b) or (a) and (c).

58

wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfwdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfwdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfwdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfwdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf

wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf zGJUpnf;jcif;wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf zGJUpnf;jcif;wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf zGJUpnf;jcif;wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf zGJUpnf;jcif;wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf zGJUpnf;jcif;161/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk atmufygtwdkif;zGJUpnf;&rnf –

(u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frsm;wGif NrdKUe,fwpfNrdKUe,fvQif ESpfOD;uspDa&G;aumufwifajr§mufonhf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;?

( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;wGif xdkwdkif;a'oBuD; &&SdNyD;aom odk Yr[kwfxdkwdkif;a'oBuD;twGif; udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&pD&ifpk &&SdNyD;aomwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;rSty usefwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;teuf avsmfuefoihfjrwfaom vlOD;a&jzpfonfh EdkifiHawmf&Sd vlOD;a&pkpkaygif;\okn'orwpf&mcdkifEIef;ESihf txuf&SdaMumif; oufqdkif&mu owfrSwfaom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;toD;oD;u vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;vQif wpfOD;uspDa&G;aumufwifajr§mufonhf wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;?

( * ) jynfe,frsm;wGif xdkjynfe,f&&SdNyD;aom odkYr[kwf xdkjynfe,ftwGif;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& pD&ifpk&&SdNyD;aom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;rStyusefwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;teuf avsmfuefoihfjrwfaom vlOD;a&jzpfonfhEdkifiHawmf&Sd vlOD;a& pkpkaygif;\ okn'orwpf&mcdkifEIef;ESihf txuf&SdaMumif; oufqdkif&mu owfrSwfaom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;toD;oD;uvlrsKd;wpfrsKd;vQif wpfOD;uspD a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonhf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;?

(C) yk'frcGJ (u) ESihf ( c ) odkYr[kwf yk'frcGJ (u) ESihf ( * ) wdkYt& a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonhf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fpkpkaygif;\ okH;ykHwpfykHESifhnDrQaom wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu Oya'ESihftnD trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onhf wyfrawmfom;wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;/

58

Election of the Chairperson of the Region or State Hluttaw

162. Election of Chairperson of the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw shall be carried

out subject to the provisions relating to the election of Chairperson of the Pyithu Hluttaw

under Section 110.

Election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Region Hluttaw or the

State Hluttaw

163. Election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Region Hluttaw or the

State Hluttaw shall be carried out subject to the provisions relating to the election of the

Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw under Section 111.

Duties of the Speaker of the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw

164. The Speaker of the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw shall :

(a) supervise the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw sessions;

(b) invite the President, if he is informed of the President’s desire to address

the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw;

(c) make necessary arrangement if the Chief Minister of the Region or State

informs his desire to address;

(d) have the right to invite members of the organization or persons representing

any Region or State level organization formed under the Constitution to

attend the session of the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw and give

clarifications on matters relating to ongoing discussions, if necessary;

(e) perform other duties and powers prescribed by the Constitution or any

law.

59

wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf obmywdwifajr§mufjcifwdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf obmywdwifajr§mufjcifwdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf obmywdwifajr§mufjcifwdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf obmywdwifajr§mufjcifwdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf obmywdwifajr§mufjcif;162/ wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf obmywdwifajr§mufjcif;udk yk'fr 110 yg jynfolYvTwfawmf obmywdwifajr§mufjcif;qdkif&m jy|mef;csufrsm;twdkif;aqmif&Guf&rnf/

wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,f vTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,f vTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,f vTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,f vTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,f vTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|a&G;aumufwifaja&G;aumufwifaja&G;aumufwifaja&G;aumufwifaja&G;aumufwifajrrrrr§mufjcif;§mufjcif;§mufjcif;§mufjcif;§mufjcif;163/ wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|ESifh 'kwd,Ouú|a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;udk yk'fr 111 yg jynfolYvTwfawmf Ouú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;qdkif&m jy|mef;csufrsm;twkdif; aqmif&Guf&rnf/

wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0efwdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0efwdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0efwdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0efwdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0ef164/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|onf –

(u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;udkBuD;MuyfuGyfuJ&rnf?

( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkYwufa&mufí rdefYcGef;ajymMum;vdkaMumif; EdkifiHawmfor®wu taMumif;Mum;vQif EdkifiHawmfor®wtm; zdwfMum;&rnf?

( * ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu rdefYcGef;ajymMum;vdkaMumif;taMumif;Mum;vQif vdktyfovdk pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;&rnf?

(C) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;aqmif&GufqJ taMumif;t&m wpf&yf&yfESihf pyfvsOf;í vdktyfvQifzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;onhf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwfjynfe,ftqihf tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfudk udk,fpm;jyKaom tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm; odkYr[kwf yk*¾dKvfrsm;udk wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY wufa&muf&Sif;vif;wifjyap&ef zdwfMum;cGihf&Sdonf?

( i ) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't&aomfvnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft&aomfvnf;aumif; owfrSwfxm;onhf tjcm;wm0efESihf vkyfydkifcGihfrsm;aqmif&Guf&rnf/

59

Performance and termination of duties of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of

the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw

165. Performance and termination of duties of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of

the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw shall be subject to the provisions relating to the

performance and termination of duties of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the

Pyithu Hluttaw in Section 113.

166. Duties, powers and rights of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Region

Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw shall be prescribed by law.

Formation of the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw Committee and Bodies

167. (a) The Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw may, if necessary, form Committee

and Bodies with the Region or State Hluttaw representatives concerned

to study and submit legislation, national races affairs vested by the

Constitution.

(b) The Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw may form above Committees

and Bodies including suitable citizens.

(c) The Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw shall prescribe the number of

members, duties, powers, rights and terms of the Committees or Bodies

in forming those Committees and Bodies.

Term of the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw

168. The term of the Region or State Hluttaw is the same as the term of the Pyithu

Hluttaw. The term of the Region or State Hluttaw expires on the day of the expiry of the

Pyithu Hluttaw.

60

wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf Ouú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkY\wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf Ouú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkY\wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf Ouú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkY\wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf Ouú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkY\wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf Ouú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkY\wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESifh &yfpJjcif;wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESifh &yfpJjcif;wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESifh &yfpJjcif;wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESifh &yfpJjcif;wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESifh &yfpJjcif;165/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|ESifh 'kwd,Ouú|wdkY\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESifh &yfpJjcif;udk yk'fr 113 yg jynfolYvTwfawmf Ouú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkY\wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESifh &yfpJjcif;qdkif&m jy|mef;csufrsm;twdkif; aqmif&Guf&rnf/

166/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkY\ wm0ef?vkyfydkifcGihfESihf &ydkifcGihfrsm;udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrSwf&rnf/

wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odk Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf aumfrwDESifh tzGJUrsm;wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odk Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf aumfrwDESifh tzGJUrsm;wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odk Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf aumfrwDESifh tzGJUrsm;wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odk Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf aumfrwDESifh tzGJUrsm;wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odk Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf aumfrwDESifh tzGJUrsm;zGJUpnf;jcif;zGJUpnf;jcif;zGJUpnf;jcif;zGJUpnf;jcif;zGJUpnf;jcif;167/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccH Oya'

t& tyfESif;xm;onhf Oya'jyKa&;? wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; ta&;udkavhvmwifjyEdkifapa&;twGuf vdktyfonhftcg aumfrwDESihf tzGJUrsm;udkoufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzihf zGJUpnf;Edkifonf?

( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf txufygaumfrwDESihftzJGUrsm;wGif oihfavsmfonhf EdkifiHom;rsm;udk xnhfoGif;zJGUpnf;Edkifonf?

( * ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf aumfrwDESihftzJGUrsm;udk zJGUpnf;onhftcg ,if;aumfrwD odkYr[kwf tzJGUrsm;\ tzJGU0ifOD;a&?wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGihf? &ydkifcGihfESihf oufwrf;udkyg owfrSwfay;&rnf/

wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;168/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\oufwrf;onf jynfolYvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;ESihftnDjzpfonf/ jynfolYvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;ukefqkH;aomaeYwGifwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\oufwrf;onfvnf; ukefqkH;onf/

60

Qualifications of the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw representatives

169. The Region or State Hluttaw representatives shall :

(a) have qualifications entitled to be elected as the Pyithu Hluttaw

representatives under Section 120;

(b) shall be subject to the provisions of Section 121 which provide the

disqualifications to be elected as the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives.

Qualifications of the Region or State Hluttaw representatives who are Defence

Services personnel

170. The Defence Services personnel, nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the

Defence Services as the Region or State Hluttaw representatives who are the Defence

Services personnel in accord with the law, shall possess the prescribed qualifications for

the Region or State Hluttaw representatives.

Convening the Region or State Hluttaw Sessions

171. (a) The commencement of the term of the Region or State Hluttaw is the day

of the commencement of the term of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

(b) The first regular session of the Region or State Hluttaw shall be held within

15 days after the commencement of the term of the Hluttaw.

172. (a) The first regular session of the Region or State Hluttaw shall be convened

by the State Peace and Development Council after the Constitution comes

into operation.

(b) The first regular sessions for the forthcoming terms of the Region or State

Hluttaw shall be held by the Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw who

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wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf od k Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfud k,fpm;vS,frsm;\wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf od k Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfud k,fpm;vS,frsm;\wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf od k Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfud k,fpm;vS,frsm;\wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf od k Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfud k,fpm;vS,frsm;\wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf od k Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfud k,fpm;vS,frsm;\t&nftcsif;t&nftcsif;t&nftcsif;t&nftcsif;t&nftcsif;169/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf –

(u) yk'fr 120 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfa&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGihf&Sdaom t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf jynhfpHk&rnf?

( c ) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfa&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGihf r&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfvnf;oufqdkifap&rnf/

wyfrawmfom; wk di f ;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf od k Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfwyfrawmfom; wk di f ;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf od k Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfwyfrawmfom; wk di f ;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf od k Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfwyfrawmfom; wk di f ;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf od k Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfwyfrawmfom; wk di f ;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf od k Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;170/ wyfrawmfom; wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu Oya'ESihftnD trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onhfwyfrawmfom;rsm;onf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;onhf t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf jynhfpHk&rnf/

wwwwwkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;kdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;kdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;kdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;kdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;171/ (u) wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfoufwrf; pwifonfh

aeY&ufonf jynfolYvTwfawmfoufwrf;pwifonfh aeY&ufjzpfonf?( c ) wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\ yxrtBudrf ykHrSef

tpnf;ta0;ukd ,if;vTwfawmf\ oufwrf;pwifonfhaeYrS 15 &uftwGif; usif;y&rnf/

172/ (u) zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' tmPmwnfNyD;aemuf yxrtBudrf wkdif;a'oBuD;odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;ukd EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpDu ac:,lusif;y&rnf?

( c ) wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\ aemifoufwrf;rsm;twGuf yxrtBudrf ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;rsm;ukd zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg

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continues to perform his duties in accord with the provisions of the

Constitution.

173. (a) The representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw shall take an affirmation

of office as mentioned in Schedule Four before the Chairperson of the

Region or State Hluttaw at the first regular session of the Region or State

Hluttaw.

(b) The representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw who have not taken an

affirmation of office shall do so before the Speaker of the Hluttaw at the

session of the Region or State Hluttaw at which they first attend.

174. The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw shall convene the regular session at

least once a year. The maximum interval between regular sessions shall not exceed 12

months.

175. The following functions shall be carried out at the Region or State Hluttaw session:

(a) recording the addresses delivered by the President;

(b) reading and recording the message sent by President and other messages

permitted by the Speaker;

(c) recording the address delivered by the Chief Minister of the Region or the

State;

(d) submitting, discussing and resolving on a Bill;

(e) discussing and resolving on the matters to be undertaken by the Region or

State Hluttaw in accord with the provisions of the Constitution;

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jy|mef;csufESif htnD wm0efqufvuf xrf;aqmifvsuf&S daomwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|u ac:,lusif;y&rnf/

173/ (u) yxrtBudrfusif;yaom wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfykHrSeftpnf;ta0;wGif wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;onf wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfobmywda&SUarSmufü Z,m; 4 wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; uwdopömjyK&rnf?

( c ) uwdopömrjyK&ao;aom wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;onf pwifwufa&mufaom wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwfjynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wGif vTwfawmfOuú|a&SUarSmufüuwdopömjyK&rnf/

174/ wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;ukd wkdif;a'oBuD;odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|u wpfESpfvQif tenf;qkH; wpfBudrfac:,l usif;y&rnf/ykHrSeftpnf;ta0; wpfBudrfESifhwpfBudrftMum; t&SnfMumqkH;umvonf 12 v xufrykdap&/

175/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;ü atmufygudpö&yfrsm;aqmif&Gufonf –

(u) EdkifiHawmfor®wajymMum;onhf rdefYcGef;udk rSwfwrf;wifjcif;?( c ) EdkifiHawmfor®wu ay;ydkYaom o0PfvTmESihf Ouú|u cGihfjyKaom

tjcm;o0PfvTmrsm;udk zwfMum;jcif;? rSwfwrf;wifjcif;?( * ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfajymMum;onhf rdefYcGef;udk

rSwfwrf;wifjcif;?(C) Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qkH;jzwfjcif;?( i ) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;t&vnf;aumif;? wnfqJ Oya'

wpf&yf&yfyg jy|mef;csufrsm;t&vnf;aumif;? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwfjynfe,fvTwfawmfu aqmif&Guf&rnhf udpö&yfrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;íaqG;aEG;jcif;? qkH;jzwfjcif;?

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(f) discussing, resolving and recording the reports submitted to the Region or

State Hluttaw;

(g) submitting proposal, discussing and resolving;

(h) raising questions and replying;

(i) undertaking matters approved by the Speaker of the Region or State

Hluttaw.

176. Matters that require resolution, agreement and approval of the Region or State

Hluttaw shall be implemented as follows :

(a) if the Region or State Hluttaw is in session, the matter shall be resolved at

that session;

(b) if the Region or State Hluttaw is not in session, the matter shall be resolved

at the nearest Region or State Hluttaw session;

(c) a special session or an emergency session shall be convened to discuss

and to resolve matters which need urgent action in the interest of the

public.

177. The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw may convene a special session or an

emergency session of the Region or State Hluttaw, if necessary.

178. The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw shall convene a special or an emergency

session of the Region or State Hluttaw as soon as possible when the Chief Minister of the

Region or State informs him to do so.

179. The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw shall convene a special session as

soon as possible, if at least one-fourth of the total number of the Region or State Hluttaw

representatives so require.

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( p ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY wifoGif;onhf tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk aqG;aEG;jcif;? qkH;jzwfjcif;? rSwfwrf;wifjcif;?

(q) tqdkwifoGif;jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qkH;jzwfjcif;?( Z ) ar;cGef;ar;jref;jcif;? ajzMum;jcif;?(p s ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|u cGihfjyKonhfudpö&yf

rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í aqmif&Gufjcif;/

176/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\ tqHk;tjzwf&,lrnhf udpö&yfrsm;?oabmwlnDcsuf&,lrnhf udpö&yfrsm;? twnfjyKcsuf &,lrnfhudpö&yfrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif;aqmif&Guf&rnf –

(u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yqJumvjzpfvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf&rnf?

( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yqJumvr[kwfvQif teD;uyfqHk; wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf&rnf?

( * ) trsm;jynfoltusKd;iSm tvsiftjrefaqmif&Guf&rnfh udpö&yfrsm;udktxl;tpnf;ta0; odkYr[kwf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0; ac:,lusif;yíaqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf&rnf/

177/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf txl;tpnf;ta0;udkjzpfap?ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udkjzpfap usif;y&efvdktyfvQif oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwfjynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|u ac:,lusif;yEdkifonf/

178/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lusif;yay;&efwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu taMumif;Mum;vQif wdkif;a'oBuD;odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|onf vTwfawmftxl;tpnf;ta0;udkjzpfap?ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udkjzpfap tjrefqkH; ac:,lusif;y&rnf/

179/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lusif;yay;&efwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&teuftenf;qkH;av;ykHwpfykHu awmif;qdkvQif wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|u txl;tpnf;ta0;udk tjrefqkH; ac:,lusif;y&rnf/

63

180. (a) The first day session of the Region or State Hluttaw shall be valid if more

than half of the total number of Hluttaw representatives, who have the

right to attend the Region or State Hluttaw session, are present. The session,

if invalid, shall be adjourned.

(b) The sessions that are adjourned due to invalidity in accord with the

Sub-Section (a) as well as the valid session that are extended will be valid

if at least one-third of the Hluttaw representatives are present.

181. (a) A matter that shall be resolved in the Region or State Hluttaw, save as

otherwise provided by the Constitution, shall be determined by a majority

of votes of the Region or State Hluttaw representatives who are present

and voting.

(b) The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw discharging duties as the

Speaker at the Region or State Hluttaw shall not voted in the first instance

in the sessions of the Region or State Hluttaw, but shall have and exercise

a casting vote in the matter of an equality of votes.

182. If the Region or State Hluttaw representative is, without permission of the Region

or State Hluttaw, absent from a Region or a State Hluttaw session for a period of at least

15 consecutive days, the Region or State Hluttaw may declare his seat vacant. In computing

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180/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wpf&yf\yxraeYwGif wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufcGihf&Sdonhf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&\xuf0ufausmfOD;a& wufa&mufvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0; txajrmufonf/ tu,fí txrajrmufygu tpnf;ta0;ukd a&TUqkdif;usif;y&rnf?

( c ) yk'frcGJ (u) t& tpnf;ta0;txrajrmufonfhtwGuf a&TUqdkif;usif;yaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;ESihf tpnf;ta0;txajrmufNyD;aemufqufvufusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwfjynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;udk wufa&mufcGifh&Sdonhf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qkH; okH;ykHwpfykH wufa&mufvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0;rsm; txajrmufonf/

181/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfwGif tqkH;tjzwfjyK&rnhftaMumif;t&mwpf&yfESihf pyfvsOf;í rJcGJqkH;jzwf&mü zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif tjcm;enf;jy|mef;xm;jcif;r&SdvQif tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufí qE´rJay;onhf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ rsm;&mqErJjzihf qkH;jzwf&rnf?

( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGifrJcGJqkH;jzwfonhfudpörsm;ü wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú| odkYr[kwf Ouú|wm0efxrf;aqmifaeonhf 'kwd,Ouú|onfqErJray;&/ axmufcHqErJESihf uefYuGufqErJ ta&twGufcsif; wlnDaeonhf udpö&yfwGifom tEdkifrJay;&rnf/

182/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odk Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;onfwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wpf&yfwGif wdkif;a'oBuD;odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\ cGihfjyKcsufr&bJ tpnf;ta0;wufa&muf&ef tenf;qkH;&ufaygif; 15 &uf wpfqufwnf; ysufuGufvQif owfrSwfxm;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnDxdkwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f\ ae&mvpfvyfonf[kwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu aMunmEdkifonf/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf

64

the said period of 15 days, it shall not be counted of any period during which the session

is adjourned.

183. Although there are vacant seats, the Region or State Hluttaw shall have the right to

carry out its functions. Moreover, the resolutions and proceedings of the Region or State

Hluttaw shall not be annulled, notwithstanding the acts of some person who was not entitled

to do so sat or voted or took part in the proceedings are later discovered.

184. The proceedings and the records of the Region or State Hluttaw shall be published.

However, the proceedings and the records prohibited by any law or the resolution of the

Region or State Hluttaw shall not be published.

185. (a) Subject to the provisions of the Constitution and the provisions of the law

relating to the Region or State Hluttaw, the Region or State Hluttaw

representatives shall have freedom of speech and voting at the Region or

State Hluttaw and the Committee and Body formed by the Region or

State Hluttaw. Concerning the discussing, submitting and performing at

the Region or State Hluttaw and the Region or State Hluttaw Committees

and Bodies, no action shall be taken against a Region or a State Hluttaw

representative except under its laws.

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jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wufa&muf&ef cGihfrJhysufuGufonfh &ufaygif;15 &ufudk a&wGuf&mü tpnf;ta0; a&TUqdkif;xm;onhf umvudk xnhfoGif;a&wGufjcif;rjyK&/

183/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fae&mtcsdKU vpfvyfaeapumrl wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufcGihf&Sdonf/ xdkYjyif tcGihfta&;r&SdolwpfOD;u wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwfjynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufcJhjcif;? qE´rJay;cJhjcif; odkYr[kwfvTwfawmfvkyfief;wpf&yf&yfwGif yg0ifaqmif&GufcJ h jcif;ukd aemiftcgwGifrSppfaq;awGU&Sdapumrl wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\ qkH;jzwfaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf ysufjy,fjcif;r&Sdap&/

184/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ESihf rSwfwrf;rsm;udk trsm;jynfolod&SdEdkif&ef xkwfjyef&rnf/ odkY&mwGif Oya'wpf&yf&yft&jzpfap?wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\ qHk;jzwfcsuft&jzpfap wm;jrpfxm;onhfaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ESihf rSwfwrf;rsm;udk xkwfjyefjcif;rjyK&/

185/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif;? wdkif;a'oBuD;odk Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfqdkif&m Oya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif; rqefYusifvQif wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfESihf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu zGJUpnf;onhf aumfrwDESihf tzGJUwdkYwGif vGwfvyfpGmajymqdkcGihfESifh qE´rJay;cGihf&Sdonf/ xdkodkYwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf? vTwfawmfaumfrwDESihftzGJUrsm;wGif wifjyaqG;aEG;jcif;? aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYESihfpyfvsOf;íwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;udkwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfqdkif&mOya'rSty tjcm;Oya't& ta&;,ljcif;rjyK&?

65

(b) Subject to the provisions of the Constitution and the provisions of the law

relating to the Region or State Hluttaw, members of the organizations or

persons representing any of the Region or State level organizations formed

under the Constitution who are permitted or invited to attend the session

of the Region or State Hluttaw or any Committee and Body of the Region

or State Hluttaw have the freedom of speech at the Region or State Hluttaw

or the Region or State Hluttaw Committees and Bodies. No action shall

be taken against such members or persons for their submissions and

speeches in the Region or State Hluttaw by other law except under its

laws.

(c) If the persons mentioned in Sub-Sections (a) and (b) committed assault in

exercising the said privileges, they shall be liable to punishment under the

regulations, by-laws, procedures of the Region or State Hluttaw or the

existing laws.

186. (a) If there is a need to arrest a Region or a State Hluttaw representative

attending the Region or State Hluttaw session or a person attending the

Region or State Hluttaw session with the permission or invitation of the

Speaker of the Hluttaw, the credible evidence shall be submitted to the

Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw. He shall not be arrested without

the prior permission of the Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw.

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( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&muf&ef cGihfjyKjcif; odkYr[kwf zdwfMum;jcif;cH&aom zGJUpnf;ykH tajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;onhf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftqihf tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfudk udk,fpm;jyKaom tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm; odkYr[kwf yk*¾dKvfrsm;onfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfaomfvnf;aumif;? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfqdkif&m Oya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfaomfvnf;aumif; rqefYusifvQif wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkYr[kwf vTwfawmfu zGJUpnf;onhf aumfrwDESihf tzGJUrsm;wGif vGwfvyfpGmajymqdkcGihf&Sdonf/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf odkYr[kwfvTwfawmfuzGJUpnf;onhf aumfrwDESihf tzGJUrsm;wGif wifjyajymqdkrIrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í ,if;tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm; odkYr[kwf yk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; wdkif;a'oBuD;odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfqdkif&m Oya'rSty tjcm;Oya't&ta&;,ljcif; rjyK&?

( * ) yk'frcGJ (u) ESifh ( c ) wGif yg&Sdaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf txufygtcGifhta&;rsm;udk usifhoHk;Mu&mwGif ukd,fxdvufa&muf usL;vGefrIrsm;&SdcJhygu ,if;wdkYonf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;? vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;t&vnf;aumif;? wnfqJOya'rsm;t&vnf;aumif; ta&;,ljcif;cH&rnf/

186/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; wufa&mufaeaom wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;udkjzpfap? vTwfawmfOuú|\ cGihfjyKcsuf odkYr[kwf zdwfMum;csuft&,if;tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufaeaom yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;udkjzpfap?zrf;qD;&efvdktyfygu cdkifvkHaomtaxmuftxm;udk oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|xH wifjy&rnf/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|\ BudKwifcGihfjyKcsufr&&SdbJzrf;qD;jcif;rjyK&?

66

(b) If there is a need to arrest a member of a Committee or a Body of the

Region or State Hluttaw attending session of any Committee or Body

formed by the Region or State Hluttaw, the credible evidence shall be

submitted to the Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw through the Head

of the Committee or Body concerned. He shall not be arrested without

the prior permission of the Speaker of the Hluttaw.

(c) If a representative of the Region or State Hluttaw is arrested, session of

the Region or State Hluttaw or session of any Committee or any Body

formed by the Hluttaw is not in session, the credible evidence in support

of such arrest shall as soon as possible be submitted to the Speaker of the

Region or State Hluttaw.

187. No action shall be instituted relating to the reports, documents and Hluttaw records

published by the Region or State Hluttaw or under its authority.

Legislation

188. The Region or State Hluttaw shall have the right to enact laws for the entire or any

part of the Region or State related to matters prescribed in Schedule Two of the Region or

State Hluttaw Legislative List.

189. (a) When the Region or State Hluttaw enacts a law, it may :

(i) authorize to issue rules, regulations and by-laws concerning that

law to any Region or State level organization formed under the

Constitution;

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( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu zGJUpnf;aom aumfrwDodkYr[kwf tzGJUwpfckck\ tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufaeonhf ,if;aumfrwDodkYr[kwf tzGJU\ tzGJU0ifwpfOD;tm; zrf;qD;&efvdktyfygu cdkifvkHaomtaxmuftxm;udk oufqdkif&maumfrwD odkYr[kwf tzJGU\ tBuD;trSL;rSwpfqifh oufqdkif&mvTwfawmfOuú|xH wifjy&rnf/ xdkvTwfawmfOuú|\ BudKwifcGihfjyKcsufr&&SdbJ zrf;qD;jcif; rjyK&?

( * ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; odkYr[kwfvTwfawmfu zGJUpnf;onhfaumfrwD odkYr[kwf tzGJUwpfckck\ tpnf;ta0;usif;ycsdefr[kwfvQif wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;tm; zrf;qD;ygu xdkodkYzrf;qD;jcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;onhfcdkifvkHaom taxmuftxm;udk wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|xH aqmvsifpGmwifjy&rnf/

187/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfuaomfvnf;aumif;? ,if;vTwfawmf\ tcGihftmPmt&aomfvnf;aumif;? jzefYcsdxkwfa0onhf tpD&ifcHpmrsm;?pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;? vTwfawmfrSwfwrf;rsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í w&m;pGJqdkydkifcGihf r&Sdap&/

Oya'jyKjcif;Oya'jyKjcif;Oya'jyKjcif;Oya'jyKjcif;Oya'jyKjcif;188/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf Z,m; 2 wGif azmfjyxm;aom wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;yg udpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;íwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f wpf0ef;vHk;twGufaomfvnf;aumif;? wdkif;a'oBuD;odkYr[kwf jynfe,f wpfpdwfwpfa'otwGufaomfvnf;aumif; tmPm oufa&mufap&ef Oya'jyKcGifh&Sdonf/

189/ (u) wkdif;a'oBuD; odk Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf Oya'wpf&yfjy|mef;onfhtcg -(1) zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& zJGUpnf;onfh wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf

jynfe,ftqifh tzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yftm; ,if;Oya'ESifhoufqkdifonfh enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf;ESif h pnf;urf;rsm;xkwfjyefcGifhukd tyfESif;Ekdifonf?

67

(ii) authorize to issue notifications, orders, directives and procedures

to the respective organization or authority.

(b) The rules, regulations, by-laws, notifications, orders, directives and

procedures issued under the power conferred by any law shall be in

conformity with the provisions of the Constitution and the relevant law.

(c) After issuing any rule, regulation or by-law in accord with the law enacted

by the Region or State Hluttaw, the Body concerned shall distribute and

submit the said rule, regulation or by-law to its representatives at the

nearest regular session of the Region or State Hluttaw under the permitted

arrangement of the Speaker of the Hluttaw.

(d) If it is found that a rule, regulation or by-law is in conformity with the

provisions of relevant law, Hluttaw representatives may move to annul or

amend the rule, regulation or by-law to the Region or State Hluttaw within

90 days from the day that rule, regulation or by-law is submitted and

distributed.

(e) If the Region or State Hluttaw passes a resolution to annul or amend any

rule, regulation or by-law, the resolution shall be without prejudice to the

validity of any action previously taken under the relevant rules, regulations

or by-laws.

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(2) oufqkdif&mtzJGUtpnf; odkYr[kwf tmPmykdiftm; ,if; Oya'ESifhoufqkdifonfh trdefYaMumfjimpm? trdefY? ñTefMum;csufESifhvkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;xkwfjyefcGifhukd tyfESif;Ekdifonf/

( c ) Oya'wpf&yfu tyfESif;onfh vkyfykdifcGifht& jyKvkyfaomenf;Oya'?pnf;rsOf;? pnf;urf;? trdefYaMumfjimpm? trdefY? ñTefMum;csufESifhvkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;onf zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif;? oufqkdif&mOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif;nDñGwfrI&Sd&rnf?

( * ) wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu jy|mef;onfhOya't&jyKonfh enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf; wpf&yf&yfukdxkwfjyefNyD;onfhtcg oufqkdif&m tzJGUtpnf;onf rdrdxkwfjyefonfhenf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; okdYr[kwf pnf;urf;ukd teD;uyfqkH;usif;yaomwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;umvwGifvTwfawmfOuú|u cGihfjyKonfh tpDtpOfjzifh vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;xH jzefYa0wifjy&rnf?

(C) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfonf oufqkdif&mOya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESifh nDñGwfrIr&SdaMumif; awGU&Sdygu ,if;enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;ukdy,fzsuf&ef okdYr[kwfjyifqifap&ef enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; okdYr[kwf pnf;urf; jzefYa0wifjyaomaeY&ufrS &ufaygif; 90 twGif; vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;uwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfwGif tqkdwifoGif;Edkifonf?

( i ) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; okdYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfukd y,fzsuf&efokdYr[kwf jyifqifap&ef wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfuqkH;jzwfygu xkdokdYy,fzsufjcif; odkYr[kwf jyifqifapjcif;rjyKrD enf;Oya'?pnf;rsOf; okdYr[kwf pnf;urf;t& aqmif&GufcJhNyD;aom trIudpörsm;ukdxdckdufjcif;r&Sdap&/

68

Submission of Bill

190. (a) The Region or State level organizations formed under the Constitution

shall have the right to submit the Bills relating to matters they administered

among the matters included in the Schedule Two of the Region or State

Legislative List to the Region or State Hluttaw in accord with the prescribed

procedures.

(b) Bills relating to regional plans, annual budgets and taxation of the Region

or State, which are to be submitted exclusively by the Region or State

government, shall be submitted to the Region or State Hluttaw in accord

with the prescribed procedures.

191. Representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw shall submit the Bills relating to

other matters, except the matters prescribed in the Constitution that the Bill was submitted

exclusively by the Region or State Hluttaw stated in the Schedule Two of the Region or

State Legislative List, to the Region or State Hluttaw in accord with the prescribed

procedures.

192. (a) Members, who are representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw among

members representing any Region or State level organization formed under

the Constitution, are entitled to explain, converse, discuss and vote Bills

or matters relating to their organizations at the Hluttaw sessions.

(b) Members, who are not representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw

among members representing any Region or State level organization formed

under the Constitution, when they are attending Hluttaw session with the

69

Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;190/ (u) zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& zJGUpnf;onhf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f

tqifh tzJGUtpnf;rsm;onf Z,m; 2 wGif azmfjyxm;aom wdkif;a'oBuD;odkYr[kwf jynfe,f Oya'jyKpm&if;yg udpö&yfrsm;teuf rdrdwdkYpDrHcefYcJGonfhudpö&yfrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;aom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrSwfxm;onhfenf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkYwifoGif;cGifh&Sdonf?

( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f tpdk;&tzJGUuom wifoGif;cGihf&Sdaomwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fa'oEÅ&pDrHudef;? ESpfpOf t&toHk;cefYrSef;ajcaiGpm&if;ESihf tcGeftaumufqdkif&m Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrSwfxm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY wifoGif;&rnf/

191/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf Z,m; 2wGif azmfjyxm;aom wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;yg udpö&yfrsm;teuf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&tzJGUuom Oya'Murf; wifoGif;&rnf[kzJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ü owfrSwfjy|mef;xm;onfh udpö&yfrsm;rSty usefudpö&yfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrSwfxm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD wdkif;a'oBuD;odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY wifoGif;cGifh&Sdonf/

192/ (u) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;onhf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftqihf tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfudk udk,fpm;jyKaom tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm;teuf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfaom tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm;onf vTwfawmftpnf;ta0;rsm;wGifrdrdtzGJUtpnf;ESihf oufqdkifaom Oya'Murf;rsm; odkYr[kwf udpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í &Sif;vif;ajymqdk aqG;aEG;cGihfESihf qErJay;ydkifcGihf&Sdonf?

( c ) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;onhf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftqihf tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfudk udk,fpm;jyKaom tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm;teuf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f

69

permission of the Speaker of the Hluttaw, are entitled to explain, converse

and discuss Bills or matters relating to their organizations.

Submission of Region and State Budget Bill

193. (a) The Region or State Annual Budget Bill to which only by the Region or

State Government has the right to be submitted only to the Region or

State Hluttaw in accord with the prescribed procedures.

(b) Relating to the Bill in Sub-Section (a), the Region or State Budget including

finance received from the Union Fund of the Region or State under the

Union Budget Law or the Supplementary Appropriation Law with the

recommendation of the Chief Minister concerned shall be discussed, as

may be necessary by the Region or State Hluttaw concerned and shall be

carried out and approved, refused, curtailed with the majority consent. In

doing so, the following matters may be discussed at the Region Hluttaw or

the State Hluttaw, but not refused or curtailed :

(i) salary and allowance of Heads and members of the Region or

State level organizations formed under the Constitution and

expenditures of those organizations;

70

r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm;onf vTwfawmfOuú|\ cGihfjyKcsufjzihf

vTwfawmftpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufonhftcg rdrdtzGJUtpnf;ESihf

oufqdkifaom Oya'Murf;rsm; odkYr[kwf udpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í

&Sif;vif;ajymqdk aqG;aEG;cGihf&Sdonf/

wdkif;a'oBuD; odkUr[kwf jynfe,f\ b@maiGt&tokH;qdkif&m Oya'Murf;wdkif;a'oBuD; odkUr[kwf jynfe,f\ b@maiGt&tokH;qdkif&m Oya'Murf;wdkif;a'oBuD; odkUr[kwf jynfe,f\ b@maiGt&tokH;qdkif&m Oya'Murf;wdkif;a'oBuD; odkUr[kwf jynfe,f\ b@maiGt&tokH;qdkif&m Oya'Murf;wdkif;a'oBuD; odkUr[kwf jynfe,f\ b@maiGt&tokH;qdkif&m Oya'Murf;

wifoGif;jcif;wifoGif;jcif;wifoGif;jcif;wifoGif;jcif;wifoGif;jcif;

193/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&tzJGUuom wifoGif;cGihf&Sdaom

wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f? ESpfpOf b@maiGt&toHk;qdkif&m

Oya'Murf;udk owfrSwfxm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD wdkif;a'oBuD;

odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY wifoGif;&rnf?

( c ) yk'frcGJ(u)yg Oya'Murf;ESifh pyfvsOff;í jynfaxmifpk\ b@maiG

t&toHk;qdkif&mOya' odkYr[kwf aemufxyf b@maiGcGJa0oHk;pGJa&;

Oya't& wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftvdkuf jynfaxmifpk

b@m&efyHkaiGrS&&Sdonfh b@maiGrsm; tygt0if wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf

jynfe,f t&toHk;cefYrSef;ajcaiGpm&if;udk oufqdkif&m0efBuD;csKyf\

axmufcHwifjycsuftay: oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf

jynfe,fvTwfawmfu vdktyfovdkaqG;aEG;í oabmwl twnfjyKjcif;?

jiif;y,fjcif;? avQmhícGifhjyKjcif;wdkYudk trsm;qEESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&rnf/

,if;odkUaqmif&Guf&mwGif -

(1) zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;xm;aom wdkif;a'oBuD;

odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftqifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tBuD;trSL;rsm;ESifh

tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm;\ vpm? p&dwfESifh ,if;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\

toHk;p&dwfrsm;?

70

(ii) salary and allowance of Heads and members of Leading Bodies

of Self-Administered Area formed under the Constitution and

expenditures of those bodies;

(iii) debts for which the Region or State is liable and expenses relating

to the debts, other expenses relating to the loans taken out by the

Region or State;

(iv) expenditures required to satisfy judgment, order or decree of any

Court or Tribunal;

(v) other expenditures which are to be charged by any law enacted

by the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw.

194. The Region or State Hluttaw shall pass a resolution when the Region or State

government submits the Region or State estimated budget in accord with the prescribed

procedures.

Promulgation of Law

195. (a) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall :

(i) sign and promulgate the Bills approved by the Region or State

Hluttaw as law within seven days after the day of receipt in accord

with the prescribed procedures;

71

(2) zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;xm;aom udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&

pD&ifpkOD;pD;tzGJU tBuD;trSL;rsm;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm;\vpm?

p&dwfESifh ,if;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ toHk;p&dwfrsm;?

(3) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fu ay;qyf&ef wm0ef&Sdaom

a<u;NrDrsm;? ,if;a<u;NrDrsm;ESifh qufET,faom ukefusp&dwfrsm;?

wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fuacs;,laiGrsm;ESifh quf

ET,faomukefusp&dwfrsm;?

(4) w&m;½Hk; odkYr[kwf cHk½Hk;wpfckck\ pD&ifcsuf? trdefY? 'Du&Dt&

ay;aqmif&ef&Sdaom toHk;p&dwfrsm;?

(5) wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu jy|mef;

onfh Oya'wpf&yf&yft& uscH&rnfh tjcm;toHk;p&dwfrsm;ESifh

pyfvsOf;í wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkUr[kwf jynfe,f

vTwfawmfwGif aqG;aEG;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ odkYaomf jiif;y,fjcif;?

avQmhícGifhjyKjcif; rjyK&/

194/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf

jynfe,ftpdk;&u wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f\ &aiGoHk;aiGvsmxm;csufudk

owfrSwfxm;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD wifoGif;vmvQif tqkH;tjzwfay;&rnf/

Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunmjcif;Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunmjcif;Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunmjcif;Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunmjcif;Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunmjcif;

195/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf -

(1) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu twnfjyKaom

Oya'Murf;rsm;udk vufcH&&SdonfhaeY\ aemufwpfaeYrS ckepf&uf

twGif; owfrSwfxm;aom enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD vufrSwf

a&;xdk;í Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunm&rnf?

71

(ii) sign and promulgate the Bills approved by the Leading Body of

Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone as law

within 14 days after the day of receipt.

(b) If the Chief Minister of the Region or State does not sign and promulgate

the Bill as law within the prescribed period, on the day after the completion

of that period, the Bill shall become a law as if he had signed it.

(c) The laws signed by the Chief Minister of the Region or State and laws

which deemed to have been signed by him, shall be promulgated by the

publication in the official gazette. The Law shall come into operation on

the day of such promulgation unless the contrary intention is expressed.

Self-Administered Division and Self-Administered Zone Leading Bodies

196. The legislative power relating to the matters listed in the Schedule Three for

respective Divisions or Zones are allotted to the Self-Administered Division or the Self-

Administered Zone Leading Bodies.

72

(2) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif; odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'o

OD;pD;tzJGUu twnfjyKaom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk vufcH&&Sdonfh

aeY\ aemufwpfaeYrS 14 &uf twGif; vufrSwfa&;xdk;í

Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunm&rnf/

( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu vufrSwfa&;xdk;í

Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunm&ef owfrSwfxm;onhf umvtwGif;

Oya'Murf;udk 0efBuD;csKyfu vufrSwfa&;xdk;í Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyef

aMunmjcif;rjyKvQif owfrSwfumv jynfhajrmufonfhaeY&ufwGif

Oya'Murf;onf 0efBuD;csKyf\ vufrSwfa&;xdk;csufudk &&SdNyD;ouJhodkY

Oya'jzpfvm&rnf?

( * ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu vufrSwfa&;xdk;NyD;aom

Oya'rsm;ESihf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf\ vufrSwf

a&;xdk;csufudk &&SdNyD;ouJhodk Y rSwf,l&rnfjzpfaom Oya'rsm;udk

EdkifiHawmfjyefwrf;wGif xkwfjyefaMunm&rnf/ xkdOya'wGif oD;jcm;

azmfjycsufrygvQif xkwfjyefaMunmonfhaeYrSpí tmPmwnf&rnf/

udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJUESifh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& a'oOD;pD;tzGJUudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJUESifh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& a'oOD;pD;tzGJUudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJUESifh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& a'oOD;pD;tzGJUudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJUESifh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& a'oOD;pD;tzGJUudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJUESifh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& a'oOD;pD;tzGJU

196/ udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif; odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& a'oOD;pD;tzGJUrsm;tm;

rdrdwdkYwdkif; odkUr[kwf a'otwGuf Z,m; 3 wGif azmfjyxm;aom Oya'jyK pm&if;yg

udpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;onfh Oya'jyKcGifhtmPmrsm;udk cGJa0tyfESif;onf/

72

Duties, powers and rights of the representatives of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Amyotha

Hluttaw and the Region or State Hluttaw

197. Duties, powers and rights of the representatives of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Amyotha

Hluttaw and the Region or State Hluttaw shall be prescribed by law.

Effect of Laws

198. The effect of laws enacted by different levels of the Hluttaw and the Leading

Bodies of the Self-Administered Area is as follows :

(a) if any provision of the law enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the Region

Hluttaw, the State Hluttaw, the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered

Division or the Self-Administered Zone or, any existing law is inconsistent

with any provision of the Constitution, the Constitution shall prevail;

(b) if any provision of the law enacted by the Region Hluttaw or the State

Hluttaw is inconsistent with any provision of the law enacted by the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the law enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall

prevail;

(c) if any provision of the law enacted by the Leading Body of the Self-

Administered Division or the Self-Administered Zone is inconsistent with

73

jynfolYvTwfawmf? trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf wkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odk Yr[kwfjynfolYvTwfawmf? trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf wkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odk Yr[kwfjynfolYvTwfawmf? trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf wkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odk Yr[kwfjynfolYvTwfawmf? trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf wkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odk Yr[kwfjynfolYvTwfawmf? trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf wkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odk Yr[kwf

jynfe,f vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwdkY\ wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGihfESifh &ydkifcGihfrsm;jynfe,f vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwdkY\ wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGihfESifh &ydkifcGihfrsm;jynfe,f vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwdkY\ wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGihfESifh &ydkifcGihfrsm;jynfe,f vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwdkY\ wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGihfESifh &ydkifcGihfrsm;jynfe,f vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwdkY\ wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGihfESifh &ydkifcGihfrsm;

197/ jynfolYvTwfawmf? trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f

vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwdkY\ wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGihfESihf &ydkifcGihfrsm;udk Oya'jy|mef;

owfrSwf&rnf/

Oya'rsm;\ tusKd;oufa&mufrIOya'rsm;\ tusKd;oufa&mufrIOya'rsm;\ tusKd;oufa&mufrIOya'rsm;\ tusKd;oufa&mufrIOya'rsm;\ tusKd;oufa&mufrI

198/ vTwfawmftqifhqifhESifh udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& pD&ifpkOD;pD;tzGJUrsm;u jy|mef;onhf

Oya'rsm;\ tusKd;oufa&mufrIrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf -

(u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf? wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf? jynfe,fvTwfawmf?

udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&

a'oOD;pD;tzGJUu jy|mef;vkdufonfh Oya'ygjy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfonf

vnf;aumif;? wnfqJOya'wpf&yf&yfonfvnf;aumif; zGJUpnf;yHk

tajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfESifh qefYusifaevQif zGJUpnf;yHk

tajccHOya'ygtwdkif; vkdufemusifhoHk;&rnf?

( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu jy|mef;

vdkufonfh Oya'ygjy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu

jy|mef;onfh Oya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfESifh qefYusifaevQif

jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu jy|mef;onfh Oya'ygtwkdif; vkdufemusifhokH;

&rnf?

( * ) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&

a'oOD;pD;tzGJUu jy|mef;vdkufonfh Oya'ygjy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfonf

jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu jy|mef;onfhOya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfESifh

73

any provision of the law enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the law enacted

by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall prevail;

(d) if any provision of the law enacted by the Leading Body of the Self-

Administered Division or the Self-Administered Zone is inconsistent with

any provision of the law enacted by the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw

concerned, the law enacted by the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw

concerned shall prevail.

74

qefYusifaevQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu jy|mef;onfh Oya'ygtwdkif;

vkdufemusifhoHk;&rnf?

(C) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&

a'oOD;pD;tzGJUu jy|mef;vdkufonfh Oya'ygjy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfonf

oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu

jy|mef;onfhOya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfESif h qefYusifaevQif

oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu

jy|mef;onfhOya'ygtwdkif; vdkufemusifhoHk;&rnf/

74

Chapter VExecutive

tcef; (5)tcef; (5)tcef; (5)tcef; (5)tcef; (5)tkyfcsKyfa&;tkyfcsKyfa&;tkyfcsKyfa&;tkyfcsKyfa&;tkyfcsKyfa&;

Chapter V

Executive

The Union Government

199. (a) The Executive Head of the Union is the President.

(b) (i) The executive power of the Union is distributed among the Union,

Regions and States.

(ii) Self-Administered power is distributed among Self-Administered

Areas as prescribed by the Constitution.

Formation of the Union Government

200. The Union Government shall comprise the following persons :

(a) The President;

(b) Vice-Presidents;

(c) Ministers of the Union;

(d) The Attorney General of the Union.

Formation of the National Defence and Security Council

201. The National Defence and Security Council led by the President, to enable it to

discharge the duties assigned by the Constitution or any law, shall be formed with the

following persons :

(a) The President;

(b) Vice-President;

(c) Vice-President;

(d) Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw;

(e) Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw;

(f) Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services;

(g) Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services;

tcef; (5)tcef; (5)tcef; (5)tcef; (5)tcef; (5)tkyfcsKyfa&;tkyfcsKyfa&;tkyfcsKyfa&;tkyfcsKyfa&;tkyfcsKyfa&;

jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJUjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJUjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJUjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJUjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJU

199/ (u) EkdifiHawmftkyfcsKyfa&;tBuD;tuJonf EkdifiHawmfor®wjzpfonf?( c ) (1) EkdifiHawmf\ tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmukd jynfaxmifpk wkdif;a'oBuD;ESifh

jynfe,frsm;tm; cGJa0tyfESif;onf?(2) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpkrsm;tm; ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmudk

zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& owfrSwfay;onfhtwkdif; cGJa0tyfESif;onf/

jynfaxmifpktpkd;&tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;jynfaxmifpktpkd;&tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;jynfaxmifpktpkd;&tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;jynfaxmifpktpkd;&tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;jynfaxmifpktpkd;&tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;200/ EkdifiHawmfwGif jynfaxmifpktpkd;&tzGJUukd atmufazmfjyygyk*d¾Kvfrsm;jzifhzGJUpnf;onf -

(u) EkdifiHawmfor®w?( c ) 'kwd,or®wrsm;?( * ) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;?(C) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyf/

trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihfvHkNcHKa&;aumifpD zGJUpnf;jcif;trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihfvHkNcHKa&;aumifpD zGJUpnf;jcif;trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihfvHkNcHKa&;aumifpD zGJUpnf;jcif;trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihfvHkNcHKa&;aumifpD zGJUpnf;jcif;trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihfvHkNcHKa&;aumifpD zGJUpnf;jcif;201/ zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't&aomfvnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft&aomfvnf;aumif; ay;tyfvmonfhwm0efrsm;udkxrf;aqmifEdkif&ef EdkifiHawmfor®w OD;aqmifonhftrsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihfvHkNcHKa&;aumifpDudk atmufygyk*¾dKvfrsm;jzihf zGJUpnf;onf –

(u) EdkifiHawmfor®w?( c ) 'kwd,or®w?( * ) 'kwd,or®w?(C) jynfolUvTwfawmfOuú|?( i ) trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|?( p ) wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf?(q) 'kwd,wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf?

(h) Minister for Defence;

(i) Minister for Foreign Affairs;

(j) Minister for Home Affairs;

(k) Minister for Border Affairs.

Powers and Functions of the President

202. The President, with the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, may :

(a) designate the Ministries of the Union Government as necessary, and may

make changes and additions to the ministries;

(b) designate the number of the Union Ministers as necessary, and may increase

or decrease the number.

203. The President shall be responsible to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. The Vice-Presidents

shall be responsible to the President and also to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw through the

President.

204. The President has :

(a) the power to grant a pardon;

(b) the power to grant amnesty in accord with the recommendation of the

National Defence and Security Council.

205. The President may, in accord with the law, have :

(a) the power to confer honorary titles and awards; and

(b) the power to revoke conferred honorary titles and awards.

206. The President may establish or sever diplomatic relations with foreign countries

with the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. However, in situation which requires immediate

action, the President may sever diplomatic relations with any foreign country after

76

( Z ) umuG,fa&;0efBuD;Xme0efBuD;?(ps) EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;Xme0efBuD;?(n) jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme0efBuD;?( # ) e,fpyfa&;&m0efBuD;Xme0efBuD;/

EkdifiHawmfor®w\ wm0ef ESihf vkyfykdifcGifhEkdifiHawmfor®w\ wm0ef ESihf vkyfykdifcGifhEkdifiHawmfor®w\ wm0ef ESihf vkyfykdifcGifhEkdifiHawmfor®w\ wm0ef ESihf vkyfykdifcGifhEkdifiHawmfor®w\ wm0ef ESihf vkyfykdifcGifh202/ EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufjzifh –

(u) jynfaxmifpktpkd;&0efBuD;Xmersm;ukd vkdtyfovkd owfrSwfEkdifonf/ xkdYjyif0efBuD;Xmersm;ukd jyifqifowfrSwfjcif;? jznfhpGufjcif; jyKEkdifonf?

( c ) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;OD;a&ukd vkdtyfovkd owfrSwfEkdifonf/ xkdYjyifowfrSwfOD;a&ukd wdk;jcif;? avQmhjcif; jyKEkdifonf/

203/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftm; wm0efcH&rnf/ 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf EdkifiHawmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHawmfor®wrSwpfqihf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftm;vnf;aumif; wm0efcH&rnf/

204/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf -(u) jypf'PfvGwfNidrf;cGihf ay;ydkifcGihf&Sdonf?( c ) trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&;aumifpD\ axmufcHcsufESihftnD

vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifh ay;ydkifcGihf&Sdonf/

205/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf Oya'ESihftnD -(u) *kPfxl;aqmifbGJUrsm;? *kPfxl;aqmifwHqdyfrsm; csD;jr§ihftyfESif;jcif;jyKEdkifonf?( c ) csD;jr§ihftyfESif;xm;onhf *kPfxl;aqmifbGJUrsm;? *kPfxl;aqmifwHqdyfrsm;udk

jyefvnf½kyfodrf;jcif; jyKEdkifonf/

206/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\oabmwlnDcsufjzihf EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfrsm;ESihfoHwrefqufoG,fjcif;? oHwreftquftoG,f jzwfawmufjcif;jyKEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGif csufcsif;ta&;,laqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfonfhtajctaersdK;ü

76

coordination with the National Defence and Security Council. The President shall submit

that action to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for its approval.

207. The President, in accord with the law, may :

(a) appoint and recall the diplomats of its country;

(b) agree on the appointment of foreign diplomats and send information on

the recall of diplomats;

(c) accept the letters of accreditation presented by foreign diplomats.

208. The President, in accord with the law, may appoint and dismiss Heads of the

Bodies of Civil Services.

209. The President, in accord with the law :

(a) shall enter into, ratify or annul international, regional or bilateral treaties

which require the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, or revoke from

such treaties;

(b) may enter into, ratify or annul international, regional or bilateral treaties

which do not require the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, or revoke

from such treaties.

210. The President shall have the right to occasionally deliver an address or send a

message to the session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw or the Amyotha Hluttaw, or to the entire

country relating to the policies and general situation of the Union.

77

EdkifiHawmfor®wonf trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&;aumifpDESihfn§dEdIif;vsuf EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfwpfckckESihf oHwreftquftoG,f jzwfawmufEdkifonf/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonfrdrd\ta&;,laqmif&Gufcsufudk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfodkY wifjytwnfjyKcsuf &,l&rnf/

207/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf Oya'ESihftnD -(u) rdrdEdkifiH\oHwrefrsm;udk cefYtyfjcif;? jyefvnfac:,ljcif; jyKEdkifonf?( c ) EdkifiHjcm;oHwrefrsm;tm; cefYtyf&ef oabmwlnDcsufay;jcif;? EdkifiHjcm;

oHwrefrsm;tm; jyefvnfac:,l&ef taMumif;Mum;jcif;jyKEdkifonf?( * ) EdkifiHjcm;oHwrefrsm;\ cefYtyfvTmrsm;udk vufcHjcif;jyKonf/

208/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf Oya'ESihftnD 0efxrf;tzGJUtpnf; tBuD;trSL;rsm;udkcefYtyfjcif;? xkwfy,fjcif; jyKEdkifonf/

209/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonfOya'ESihftnD –(u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ twnfjyKcsufjzihf aqmif&GufcGifh&Sdaom

tjynfjynfqdkif&m? a'oqdkif&m odkYr[kwf EdkifiHtcsif;csif;qdkif&mpmcsKyfrsm;udk csKyfqdkjcif;? twnfjyKaqmif&Gufjcif;? y,fzsufjcif;? pmcsKyfrsm;rSEkwfxGufjcif; jyK&rnf?

( c ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ twnfjyKcsuf&,l&efrvdktyfbJ aqmif&GufcGifh&Sdaom tjynfjynfqdkif&m? a'oqdkif&m odkYr[kwf EdkifiHtcsif;csif;qdkif&mpmcsKyfrsm;udk csKyfqdkjcif;? twnfjyKaqmif&Gufjcif;? y,fzsufjcif;?pmcsKyfrsm;rSEkwfxGufjcif; jyKEdkifonf/

210/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf EdkifiHawmf\rl0g'rsm;ESihf EdkifiHawmf\tajctaet&yf&yfwdkYudk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wGifjzpfap? jynfolYvTwfawmf odkYr[kwftrsKd;om;vTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wGifjzpfap? EdkifiHwpf0ef;vHk;odkYjzpfap tcgtm;avsmfpGmrdefYcGef;ajymMum;cGihf? o0PfvTmay;ydkYcGihf &Sdonf/

77

211. The President may intimate the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw to summon an

emergency or special session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, if necessary.

212. (a) Except Union budget matters, the President shall have the right to

promulgate an ordinance for administrative matters that need immediate

action during the interval between sessions of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

(b) If the President has not revoked the ordinance promulgated under Sub-

Section (a), he shall submit the ordinance for approval to the nearest session

of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw within 60 days after the promulgation of the

ordinance. If the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is not in session, the President shall,

within 60 days after the promulgation of such ordinance, summon a special

session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for approval.

(c) The ordinance shall cease to have effect from the day on which it is not

approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

(d) The ordinance promulgated by the President, with the approval of the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, will continue to be in operation for the required period.

(e) Notwithstanding that an ordinance has been already revoked within 60

days after its promulgation, it shall be submitted to the nearest session of

the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

(f) If an ordinance contains the provision to which the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

has no right to make a resolution in accord with the Constitution, the said

provision shall cease to have effect.

78

211/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf vdktyfvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf ta&;ay: tpnf;ta0;udkjzpfap? txl;tpnf;ta0;udkjzpfap ac:,lusif;yay;&ef jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,utm; taMumif;Mum;Edkifonf/

212/ (u) EdkifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wpfckESihfwpfcktMum; EdkifiHawmf\b@maiG t&toHk;qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;rStycsufcsif;ta&;,laqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfaom tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&mudpö&yfrsm;twGuf Oya'uJhodkY tmPmwnfaomtrdefYudk xkwfjyefcGihf&Sdonf?

( c ) EdkifiHawmfor®wonf yk'frcGJ (u) t& xkwfjyefcJhonhf Oya'uJhodkYtmPmwnfaomtrdefYudk ½kyfodrf;jcif;r&SdvQif ,if;trdefY xkwfjyefonfhaeY&ufrS &ufaygif; 60 twGif; usif;yaomteD;uyfqHk; jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkYwifjyí twnfjyKcsuf&,l&rnf/ &ufaygif;60 twGif; jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;y&efr&SdvQifjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftxl;tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lusif;yapítwnfjyKcsuf &,l&rnf?

( * ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ twnfjyKcsufr&&SdvQif Oya'uJhodkY tmPmwnfaomtrdefYonf twnfrjyKonfhaeYrSpí tmPmwnfjcif;rS &yfpJ&rnf?

(C) EdkifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufjzihfxdkOya'uJhodkY tmPmwnfaomtrdefYudk vdktyfaomumvtydkif;tjcm;txd qufvuftwnfjzpfapEdkifonf?

( i ) Oya'uJhodkY tmPmwnfaomtrdefY xkwfjyefaMunmonhfaeYrSpí&ufaygif; 60 twGif;½kyfodrf;NyD; jzpfapumrl xkdOya'uJhodkY tmPmwnfaomtrdefYudk teD;uyfqHk;usif;yrnfh jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;odkYwifjy&rnf?

( p ) Oya'uJhodkY tmPmwnfaomtrdefYwGif zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't&jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu qHk;jzwfydkifcGihfr&Sdaom jy|mef;csufyg&SdvQif,if;jy|mef;csufonf ysufjy,f&rnf/

78

213. The President :

(a) shall have the right to take appropriate military action, in co-ordination

with the National Defence and Security Council formed in accord with the

Constitution, in case of aggression against the Union;

(b) shall submit the action so taken to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for approval if

it is in session, or to summon an emergency session to submit that matter

for approval if the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is not in session;

(c) may declare war or make peace only with the assent of the Pyidaungsu

Hluttaw.

214. The President shall take action in accord with the provisions of the Constitution

and sign the laws passed and enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. The said signed laws

shall be promulgated in the Official Gazette.

215. The President shall not be answerable to either any Hluttaw or to any Court for

the exercise of the powers and functions of his office or for any act done or purported to

be done by him in the exercise of these powers and functions in accord with the Constitution

or any law. However, the exemption does not deal with the provisions relating to

impeachment of the President under the Constitution.

The Executive Power of the Union Government

216. Subject to the provisions of the Constitution, the executive power of the Union

extends to administrative matters over which the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has power to make

laws.

79

213/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf –(u) EdkifiHawmftm; usL;ausmfwdkufcdkufjcif;cH&vQif zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ESihftnD

zGJUpnf;xm;aom trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&;aumifpDESihfn§dEIdif;vsuf ppfa&;t&vdktyfovdk aqmif&GufydkifcGihf&Sdonf?

( c ) rdrd\aqmif&Gufcsufudk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0; usif;yaecsdefjzpfvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0;odkYwifjyí twnfjyKcsuf&,l&rnf/jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0; usif;yaecsdef r[kwfvQifjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0; ac:,lapí wifjytwnfjyKcsuf &,l&rnf?

( * ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufjzifhom ppfaMunmEdkifonf?ppfajyNidrf;Edkifonf/

214/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu twnfjyKjy|mef;onfhOya'rsm;udk zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihftnD ta&;,laqmif&GufNyD;vufrSwfa&;xdk;&rnf/ ,if;odkY vufrSwfa&;xdk;NyD;aomOya'rsm;udk EdkifiHawmfjyefwrf;wGifxkwfjyefaMunm&rnf/

215/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't&aomfvnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft&aomfvnf;aumif; rdrdtm;tyfESif;xm;onfh wm0efESihfvkyfydkifcGihfrsm;udkusifhoHk;aqmif&GufrI odkYwnf;r[kwf usifhoHk;aqmif&Gufonhftaejzifh jyKcJhaomjyKvkyfrItwGuf rnfonfhvTwfawmf? rnfonfhw&m;½Hk;wGifrQ ajz&Sif;&ef wm0efr&Sdap&/ odkY&mwGifþuJhodkYwm0efr&Sdapjcif;onf EdkifiHawmfor®wtm; zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;ESihf pyfvsOf;onfh jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihf oufqdkifjcif;r&Sdap&/

jynfaxmifpktpkd;&\tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPmjynfaxmifpktpkd;&\tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPmjynfaxmifpktpkd;&\tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPmjynfaxmifpktpkd;&\tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPmjynfaxmifpktpkd;&\tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPm216/ zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhrqefYusifvQif jynfaxmifpk\ tkyfcsKyfrItmPmonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu Oya'jyKEkdifaom tkyfcsKyfrIqkdif&m udpö&yfrsm;okdYvnf; oufa&mufysHUESHYonf/

79

217. Subject to the provisions of the Constitution, the executive power of the Union

shall be vested in the President. Nothing in this Section shall prevent the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

from conferring functions and powers upon any authoritative body or person, or be deemed

to transfer to the President functions and powers vested in any administrative body or

person concerned under the existing laws.

218. (a) All executive actions of the Union Government shall be taken as action in

the name of the President.

(b) The President shall, except in matters conferred on him by the Constitution

to perform in his own discretion, have the right to issue necessary rules on

matters to be performed by the Union Government, on allocation of the

said matters to the Ministries of the Union Government, and on allocation

to the person responsible to act under any law.

(c) Orders and instruments executed in the name of the President shall be in

accord with the manners of the prescribed rules issued by the President.

Moreover, the validity of such order or instruments shall not be called in

question on the ground that it was not done by the President.

(d) The President may, without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of

Sub-Sections (a), (b) and (c) of this Section, allocate his duties regionally

or according to the functions of the Government department.

219. The Union Government preserves stability of the Union, community peace and

tranquility and prevalence of law and order.

80

217/ zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifh rqefYusifapbJ jynfaxmifpk\tkyfcsKyfrItmPmonf EkdifiHawmfor®wüwnf&Sdonf/ þpum;&yfaMumifh jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf tmPmykdiftzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yftm;vnf;aumif;? tmPmykdifyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;OD;tm;vnf;aumif; wm0efESifhvkyfykdifcGifhrsm; ay;tyfjcif;rjyKEkdif[k rrSwf,l&/ xkdUjyif,if;pum;&yfaMumifh wnfqJOya'rsm;t& oufqkdif&m tmPmykdiftzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yftm;jzpfap? oufqdkif&mtmPmydkifyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;OD;tm;jzpfap tyfESif;xm;onfhwm0efESifh vkyfykdifcGifhrsm;ukd EdkifiHawmfor®wtm; vTJajymif;ay;tyfonf[kvnf; rrSwf,l&/

218/ (u) jynfaxmifpktpkd;&\ tkyfcsKyfa&;qkdif&m ta&;,laqmif&Gufcsuftm;vkH;ukd EdkifiHawmfor®w\trnfjzifh ta&;,laqmif&Guf&rnf?

( c ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf rdrd\oabmtwkdif;aqmif&Guf&ef zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ujy|mef;xm;onfh udpö&yfrsm;rSty jynfaxmifpktpkd;&uaqmif&GufcGifh&Sdaom udpö&yfrsm;twGuf vnf;aumif;? tqkdygudpö&yfrsm;ukd jynfaxmifpktpkd;&0efBuD;rsm;tm; cJGa0tyfESif;&efvnf;aumif;?Oya'wpf&yf&yft&aqmif&Guf&ef wm0ef&Sdaomyk*¾dKvftm; cJGa0tyfESif;&efvnf;aumif; vkdtyfonhfenf;Oya'rsm; jy|mef;cGifh&Sdonf?

( * ) EkdifiHawmfor®w\trnfjzifh xkwfjyefaomtrdefYrsm;ESifhcsKyfqkdaompmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;onf EkdifiHawmfor®wu jy|mef;onfhenf;Oya'rsm;wGifazmfjyxm;aom enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD jzpfap&rnf/ xkdYjyif xkdokdYaqmif&Gufxm;onfhtrdefY okdYr[kwf pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;onf EdkifiHawmfor®w\trdefY odkYr[kwf pmcsKyfpmwrf; r[kwfaomaMumifh rckdifvkH[kjiif;qkdykdifcGifhr&Sdap&?

(C) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf yk'frcGJ (u)? ( c ) ESifY ( * ) &Sd jy|mef;csufrsm;\a,bk,soabmukdrxdcdkufapbJ rdrd\wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ukd e,fajra'otvkdufjzpfap? tpkd;&Xmeqkdif&m vkyfief;tvkdufjzpfap cJGa0tyfESif;Ekdifonf/

219/ jynfaxmifpktpkd;&onf EkdifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhw&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;ukd xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufonf/

80

220. The Union Government shall promulgate its policies in accord with the provisions

of the Constitution. The necessary projects have to be drawn in accord with the said

policies and shall be implemented with the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

221. The Union Government shall draft the Union Budget Bill based on the annual

Union budget, after coordinating with the Financial Commission, and submit it for approval

to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw in accord with the provisions of the Constitution.

222. The Union Government shall, if the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is unable to promulgate

the Union Budget Bill before the end of the Budget Year, expend within the framework of

the general expenditure included in the last-enacted Budget Law of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

223. The Union Government may, relating to the matters which may be enacted into

law by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw in accord with the provisions of the Constitution, submit

the Bill to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

224. The Ministries of the Union Government shall, in carrying out the functions of their

subordinate governmental departments and organizations, manage, guide, supervise and

inspect in accord with the provisions of the Constitution and the existing laws.

225. In carrying out functions of the Region Government, the State Government, and

the Leading Bodies of Self-Administered Division and Self-Administered Zone, the Union

Government co-operates and co-ordinates with them to be effective and successful.

81

220/ jynfaxmifpktpkd;&onf zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnDjynfaxmifpktpkd;&\ rl0g'rsm;ukdcsrSwf&rnf/ ,if;rl0g'rsm;ESifhtnD vkdtyfaompDrHudef;rsm;ukda&;qJGí jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufjzifh taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Guf&rnf/

221/ jynfaxmifpktpkd;&onf b@ma&;aumfr&SifESifhnd§EIdif;&&Sdonfh jynfaxmifpk\ESpfpOf t&tokH;cefYrSef;ajcaiGpm&if;udktajcjyKvsuf jynfaxmifpk\b@maiGt&tokH;qkdif&m Oya'Murf;ukda&;qJGí zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifh tnDjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfokdY wifoGif;twnfjyKcsuf&,l&rnf/

222/ jynfaxmifpktpkd;&onf rdrdwifoGif;onfh jynfaxmifpk\b@maiG t&tokH;qkdif&mOya'Murf;ukd b@ma&;ESpfrukefqkH;rD jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu jy|mef;jcif;rjyKEkdifvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu aemufqkH;jy|mef;xm;onfh jynfaxmifpk\b@maiGt&tokH;qkdif&mOya'yg omreftokH;p&dwf cGifhjyKcsufabmiftwGif; okH;pJGcGifh&Sdonf/

223/ jynfaxmifpktpkd;&onf zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnDjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu Oya'jyKEkdifaom udpö&yfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í vkdtyfonfhOya'Murf;ukd jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfokdY wifoGif;Ekdifonf/

224/ jynfaxmifpktpkd;&tzJGU\ 0efBuD;Xmersm;onf ,if;wkdY\vufatmuf&Sd tpkd;&Xme?tpkd;&tzJGUtpnf;rsm;u vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ukd aqmif&GufMu&mwGif zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnDjzpfap&efvnf;aumif;? wnfqJOya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESifh tnDjzpfap&efvnf;aumif; pDrHcefUcJGjcif;? vrf;ñTefjcif;? BuD;Muyfjcif;?ppfaq;jcif; jyK&rnf/

225/ jynfaxmifpktpkd;&onf wkdkif;a'oBuD;tpkd;& odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&wdkYuvnf;aumif;? ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;OD;pD;tzJGU odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzJGUwkdYuvnf;aumif; vkyfief;rsm;ukdtaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufMu&mwGifxda&mufatmifjrifrI&Sdapa&;twGuf aygif;pyfnd§EdIif;ay;onf/

81

226. The Union Government, with the exception of Constitutional disputes and the

disputes over territorial re-delineation shall :

(a) mediate and if necessary, decide, on disputes over administration between

the Region and State, among Regions, among States, between Region

or State and Self-Administered Area, among Self-Administered Areas;

and

(b) mediate and if necessary, decide, on disputes over administration between

the Region or State and Union territory, between Self-Administered Area

and Union territory.

227. The Union Government, in accord with the law :

(a) may form Civil Services organizations relating to the Union as necessary.

In so forming, the functions and powers shall be prescribed;

(b) may appoint the required civil service personnel.

228. The Union Government shall :

(a) implement the administrative resolutions passed occasionally by the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and report back the actions which have been taken

to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;

(b) submit occasionally matters relating to the general situation of the Union to

the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

Formation of the Financial Commission

229. (a) The Financial Commission shall be formed with the following persons:

(i) The President Chairperson

(ii) Vice-Presidents Vice-Chairpersons

(iii) The Attorney-General

of the Union Member

82

226/ jynfaxmifpktpkd;&onf zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qkdif&m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESifh e,fedrdwfjyifqifowfrSwfa&;qkdif&m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;rSty –

(u) wkdif;a'oBuD;ESifh jynfe,ftMum;? wkdif;a'oBuD;tcsif;csif;? jynfe,ftcsif;csif;?wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fESifh ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& pD&ifpktMum;?ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpk tcsif;csif;jzpfyGm;onfh tkyfcsKyfrIqkdif&m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í aygif;pyfnd§EIdif;ajz&Sif;ay;jcif;? vkdtyfvQiftqkH;tjzwfay;jcif;jyKonf?

( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fESifh jynfaxmifpke,fajrtMum;?udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpkESifh jynfaxmifpke,fajrtMum; jzpfyGm;onfhtkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í aygif;pyfnd§EdIif;ajz½Sif;ay;jcif;? vdktyfvQiftqkH;tjzwfay;jcif;jyKonf/

227/ jynfaxmifpktpkd;&onf Oya'ESifhtnD -(u) jynfaxmifpkqkdif&m 0efxrf;tzJGUtpnf;rsm;ukd vkdtyfovkd zJGUpnf;

Ekdifonf/ ,if;okdYzJGUpnf;&mwGif vkyfief;wm0efESifh vkyfykdifcGifhrsm;ukdowfrSwfay;&rnf?

( c ) vkdtyfaom0efxrf;rsm;ukd cefYtyfEkdifonf/

228/ jynfaxmifpktpkd;&onf –(u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu tcgtm;avsmfpGm csrSwfonfhtkyfcsKyfa&;qkdif&m

qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&rnf/ rdrd\ta&;,laqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ukd jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfokdY jyefvnftpD&ifcH&rnf?

( c ) EdkifiHawmf\ tajctaet&yf&yfESifhpyfvsOf;í jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfokdYtcgtm;avsmfpGm wifjy&rnf/

b@ma&;aumfr&SifzJGUpnf;jcif;b@ma&;aumfr&SifzJGUpnf;jcif;b@ma&;aumfr&SifzJGUpnf;jcif;b@ma&;aumfr&SifzJGUpnf;jcif;b@ma&;aumfr&SifzJGUpnf;jcif;229/ (u) b@ma&;aumfr&Sifudk atmufygyk*¾dKvfrsm;jzifh zGJUpnf;&rnf –

(1) EdkifiHawmfor®w - Ouú|(2) 'kwd,or®wrsm; - 'kwd,Ouú|rsm;(3) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyf - tzJGU0if

82

(iv) The Auditor-General

of the Union Member

(v) Chief Ministers

of the Regions and States Members

(vi) The Nay Pyi Taw

Council Chairperson Member

(vii) The Minister of Finance

of the Union Secretary

(b) (i) In forming the Financial Commission, the President may appoint a

suitable person as a temporary member if there is vacancy for any

reason.

(ii) The President shall promulgate the formation of the Financial

Commission. Moreover, necessary orders or directives, so forth,

for the Financial Commission may be promulgated either by the

President or the person assigned by him.

Duties and Functions of the Financial Commission

230. (a) The budgets of the Union Ministries and Union level organizations are to

be vetted by a Vice-President assigned by the President, and the estimated

budgets of the Union level organizations including the Union Ministries are

to be submitted to the Financial Commission.

(b) The budgets of the Region or State are to be vetted by the other Vice-

President assigned by the President, and the estimated budgets of the

Region or State are to be submitted to the Financial Commission.

83

(4) jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyf - tzJGU0if(5) wdkif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;csKyfrsm;ESifh - tzJGU0ifrsm;

jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfrsm;(6) aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú| - tzJGU0if(7) jynfaxmifpkb@ma&;0efBuD; - twGif;a&;rSL;

( c ) (1) b@ma&;aumfr&Sifudk zJ GUpnf;onfhtcg tzJGU0iftjzpfxrf;aqmif&rnfh&mxl;ae&mwGif taMumif;wpfpHkwpf&maMumifhwm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&ol r&Sdao;ygu EdkifiHawmfor®wonfxdkae&mtwGuf oifhavsmfonfhyk*d¾KvfwpfOD;OD;tm; ,m,DtzJGU0iftjzpf wm0efay;tyfEdkifonf?

(2) b@ma&;aumfr&SifzGJUpnf;jcif;udk EdkifiHawmfor®wu xkwfjyefaMunm&rnf/ xdkYjyif b@ma&;aumfr&SiftwGuf vdktyfaomtrdefY? ñTefMum;csuf ponfrsm;udkvnf; EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwfEkdifiHawmfor®wu wm0efay;tyfonfh yk*¾dKvfu xkwfjyefaMunmEdkifonff/

b@ma&;aumfr&Sif\ wm0efESifh vkyfydkifcGifhb@ma&;aumfr&Sif\ wm0efESifh vkyfydkifcGifhb@ma&;aumfr&Sif\ wm0efESifh vkyfydkifcGifhb@ma&;aumfr&Sif\ wm0efESifh vkyfydkifcGifhb@ma&;aumfr&Sif\ wm0efESifh vkyfydkifcGifh230/ (u) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;Xmersm;\ t&toHk;cefYrSef;ajc aiGpm&if;rsm;ESifh

jynfaxmifpktqifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ t&toHk;cefYrSef;ajc aiGpm&if;rsm;udkEdkifiHawmfor®wu wm0efay;tyfaom 'kwd,or®wwpfOD;u OD;aqmifpdppfí jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;Xmersm; tygt0if jynfaxmifpk tqifhtzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ t&toHk;aiGpm&if; vsmxm;csufudk b@ma&;aumfr&SifodkY wifjy&rnf?

( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f t&toHk;aiGpm&if;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmfor®wu wm0efay;tyfaom usef'kwd,or®wwpfOD;u OD;aqmifpdppfNyD;wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f t&toHk;aiGpm&if; vsmxm;csufudkb@ma&;aumfr&SifodkY wifjy&rnf?

83

(c) The Financial Commission shall :

(i) submit to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw with recommendation for the

Union Budget which includes the expenditure of the Union territory,

a supplementary finance as suitable to the Regions or States from

the Union Fund, giving grants as a special matter and permitting

loans;

(ii) to advise financial matters that should be undertaken;

(iii) carry out the duties assigned by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw through

the promulgation of law for the emergence of a substantial financial

system.

(d) The Financial Commission shall submit with recommendation to the

President, the Bill of Union Budget, which includes Union Budget, the

distribution of suitable funds from Union Fund accounts to Regions or

States, the provisions or funds as a special case and disbursing of necessary

loans for submission them to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

(e) The Financial Commission may, if necessary, seek advice from financial

experts.

84

( * ) b@ma&;aumfr&Sifonf -

(1) jynfaxmifpke,fajr toHk;p&dwfrsm;yg&Sdaom jynfaxmifpk\

t&toHk; cefYrSef;ajcaiGpm&if;? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f

rsm;twGuf jynfaxmifpkb@m&efyHkaiGrS b@maiGrsm;udk

oifhavsmfovdk jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;? txl;udpöwpf&yftaejzifh

axmufyHhjcif;? acs;aiGrsm; cGifhjyKjcif;tygt0if jynfaxmifpk\

b@maiG t&toHk;qdkif&m Oya'Murf; odkUr[kwf aemufxyf

b@maiGcJGa0oHk;pGJa&; Oya'Murf;udk jynfaxmifpk vTwfawmfodkY

axmufcHwifjy&rnf?

(2) b@ma&;qdkif&m aqmif&Gufoifhonfhudpörsm;udk tBuHjyKEdkifa&;

twGuf aqmif&Guf&rnf?

(3) cdkifrmaomb@ma&;pepf jzpfay:apa&;twGuf jynfaxmifpk

vTwfawmfu Oya'jy|mef;í wm0efay;tyfonfhh udpö&yfrsm;udk

aqmif&Guf&rnf/

(C) b@ma&;aumfr&Sifonf jynfaxmifpk\ t&toHk;cefYrSef;ajcaiGpm&if;?

wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frsm;tm; jynfaxmifpkb@m&efyHkaiGrS

b@maiGrsm;udk oifhwifhavsmufywfpGmjznfhqnf;ay;jcif;? txl;udpö

wpf&yftaejzifh axmufyHhjcif;? vdktyfrnfhacs;aiGrsm; xkwfacs;jcif;wdkY

yg0ifonfh jynfaxmifpk\b@maiGt&toHk;qdkif&m Oya'Murf;udk

jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfokdY wifjyEdkifa&;twGuf EdkifiHawmfor®wxHodkY

axmufcHwifjy&rnf?

( i ) b@ma&;aumfr&Sifonf vdktyfygu b@ma&;uRrf;usifolrsm;\

tBuHÓPfrsm;udk &,lEkdifonf/

84

Taxes and revenues to be paid to the Union Fund

231. (a) The Union shall, with the exception of the taxes and revenues listed in

Schedule Five to be collected by Regions or States, collect all other taxes

and revenues in accord with the law and deposit them in the Union Fund.

(b) If it is necessary to collect designated receipts or incomes and taxes and

revenues to be collected by the Regions or States for the Union territories,

the Union shall collect them in accord with the law and deposit them in the

Union Fund.

(c) The Union has the right to expend the Union Fund in accord with the law.

The Union Ministers and the Deputy Ministers

Appointment of the Union Ministers

232. (a) The President shall appoint the Union Ministers who possess the following

qualifications :

(i) person who has attained the age of 40 years;

(ii) person who has qualifications, with the exception of age limit,

entitled to be elected as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives prescribed

in Section 120;

(iii) person whose qualifications does not breach the provisions under

Section 121 which disqualify the person from standing for election

as the Pyithu Hluttaw representative;

(iv) person loyal to the Union and its citizens.

(b) In order to appoint the Union Ministers, the President shall :

(i) select suitable persons who have qualifications prescribed in Sub-

Section (a) from among the Hluttaw representatives or persons

who are not Hluttaw representatives;

85

jynfaxmifpkb@m&efyHkaiGodkY ay;oGif;&rnfhtcGeftcrsm;jynfaxmifpkb@m&efyHkaiGodkY ay;oGif;&rnfhtcGeftcrsm;jynfaxmifpkb@m&efyHkaiGodkY ay;oGif;&rnfhtcGeftcrsm;jynfaxmifpkb@m&efyHkaiGodkY ay;oGif;&rnfhtcGeftcrsm;jynfaxmifpkb@m&efyHkaiGodkY ay;oGif;&rnfhtcGeftcrsm;

231/ (u) jynfaxmifpkonf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frsm;uaumufcHcGifh&Sdaom Z,m; 5 yg tcGeftcrsm;rSty tjcm;tcGeftcrsm;udk Oya'ESifhtnDaumufcHí jynfaxmifpkb@m&efyHkaiGodkY ay;oGif;&rnf?

( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frsm;u aumufcH&efowfrSwfxm;onfh&aiGrsm;ESifh tcGeftctrsKd;tpm;rsm;udk jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm;twGufaumufcH&ef&Sdygu jynfaxmifpku Oya'ESifhtnDaumufcHNyD; jynfaxmifpkb@m&efyHkaiGodkY ay;oGif;&rnf?

( * ) jynfaxmifpkonf jynfaxmifpkb@m&efyHkaiGudk Oya'ESihftnD oHk;pGJcGifh&Sdonf/

jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;ESifh 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;ESifh 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;ESifh 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;ESifh 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;ESifh 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;

jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;232/ (u) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihfjynfhpkHolrsm;

ukd jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;Ekdifonf -(1) touf 40 ESpf jynfhNyD;ol?(2) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGifazmfjyxm;onfh

jynfolYvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;onfht&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkHol?

(3) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifhr&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf; NidpGef;jcif;r&Sdol?

(4) EkdifiHawmfESifh EkdifiHom;rsm;tay: opöm&Sdol/( c ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0ef

ay;&ef -(1) vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;xJu jzpfap? vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f

r[kwfolrsm;xJujzpfap yk'frcGJ (u) yg owfrSwfxm;onfht&nftcsif;rsm;ESifhjynfhpkHaom oifhavsmfonfh yk*d¾Kvfrsm;ukda&G;cs,f&rnf?

85

(ii) obtain a list of suitable Defence Services personnel nominated by

the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services for Ministries

of Defence, Home Affairs and Border Affairs;

(iii) co-ordinate with the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services

if he desires to appoint the Defence Services personnel as Union

Ministers for other Ministries apart from Ministries of Defence,

Home Affairs and Border Affairs.

(c) The President shall compile the list of persons selected by him and the list

of the Defence Services personnel nominated by the Commander-in-Chief

of the Defence Services and submit them to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for its

approval.

(d) The appointment of a person as a Union Minister nominated by the

President shall not be refused by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw unless it can

clearly be proved that the person concerned does not meet the

qualifications of the Union Minister.

(e) The President has the right to submit again the list with a new name replacing

the one who has not been approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for the

appointment of a Union Minister .

(f) The President shall appoint the persons who have been approved by the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as Union Ministers. In doing so, the President shall

designate Ministry or Ministries for each Union Minister to take

responsibility.

(g) The President shall intimate the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw whenever he appoints

Union Ministers.

(h) The Union Ministers shall be responsible to the President.

(i) If the Union Minister is a representative of a Hluttaw, it shall be deemed

that he has resigned from the day he is appointed as a Union Minister.

86

(2) umuG,fa&;0efBuD;Xme? jynfxJa&;0efBuD;XmeESifh e,fpyfa&;&m0efBuD;Xmersm;twGuf wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfxHrSoifhavsmfonfh wyfrawmfom;rsm;\trnfpm&if;ukd &,l&rnf?

(3) umuG,fa&;0efBuD;Xme? jynfxJa&;0efBuD;XmeESifh e,fpyfa&;&m0efBuD;Xmersm;tjyif tjcm;0efBuD;Xmersm;wGif wyfrawmfom;rsm;tm; jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;vkdvQifwyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfESifh n§dEdIif;aqmif&Guf&rnf/

( * ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf rdrda&G;cs,fxm;onfh yk*d¾Kvfrsm;\ trnfpm&if;ESifh wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfxHrS&&Sdonfh wyfrawmfom;rsm;\trnfpm&if;wdkYukdpkpnf;í jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfokdY wifoGif;vsufoabmwlnDcsuf &,l&rnf?

(C) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;\ t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifhrjynfhpHkaMumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkdifygu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf EkdifiHawmfor®wu trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfhyk*d¾Kvftm; jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&efjiif;y,fcGifhr&Sdap&?

( i ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&efjynfaxmifpkvTGwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufr&&Sdonfh yk*d¾Kvftpm;trnfpm&if;opfukd jynfaxmifpkvTGwfawmfokdY xyfrHwifoGif;cGihf&Sdonf?

( p ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsuf&&SdNyD;onfhyk*d¾Kvfrsm;tm; jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&rnf/ xkdodk YcefYtyfwm0efay;&mwGif EkdifiHawmfor®wonfjynfaxmifpk0efBuD;wpfOD;csif;tvkduf wm0ef,l&rnfh 0efBuD;Xme odkYr[kwf0efBuD;Xmersm;ukd owfrSwfay;&rnf?

(q) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;onfhtcgwkdif; jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfokdY taMumif;Mum;&rnf?

( Z ) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;onf EkdifiHawmfor®wtm; wm0efcH&rnf?(ps) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;onf vTwfawmfwpf&yf&yf\ukd,fpm;vS,fjzpfvQif

jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpívTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufNyD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf?

86

(j) (i) If the Union Minister is a Civil Services personnel, it shall be

deemed that he has retired according to the existing civil service

rules and regulations from the day he is appointed as a Union

Minister.

(ii) The Defence Services personnel who are appointed as Union

Ministers for the Ministries of Defence, Home Affairs and Border

Affairs are not required to retire or resign from the Defence

Services.

(k) If the Union Minister is a member of any political party, he shall not take

part in its party activities during the term of office from the day he is

appointed as a Union Minister.

Impeachment of the Union Minister

233. (a) Any Union Minister may be impeached on any of the following reasons :

(i) high treason;

(ii) breach of any provision of the Constitution;

(iii) misconduct;

(iv) disqualification of qualification of the Union Minister prescribed in

the Constitution;

(v) inefficient discharge of duties assigned by law.

(b) If there is a need to impeach any Union Minister, the same procedure for

the impeachment of the President or Vice-President under Section 71

shall be applied.

(c) The President shall remove the impeached Union Minister from office

when the Hluttaw that had made an investigation had resolved and

87

(n) (1) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;onf EkdifiHh0efxrf;jzpfvQif jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí wnfqJ0efxrf;pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD EkdifiHh0efxrf;tjzpfrStNidrf;pm;,lNyD;jzpfonf [krSwf,l&rnf?

(2) umuG,fa&;0efBuD;Xme? jynfxJa&;0efBuD;XmeESifY e,fpyfa&;&m0efBuD;Xmersm;twGuf jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyfxm;jcif;cH&aom wyfrawmfom;rsm;onf wyfrawmfrS tNidrf;pm;,l&ef odkYr[kwf EkwfxGuf&efrvkd/

( # ) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;onf EkdifiHa&;ygwDwpfckck\ tzGJU0ifjzpfvQifjynfaxmifpk0efBuD;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí rdrd&mxl;oufwrf;twGif; ,if;ygwDtzGJUtpnf;\ ygwDvkyfief;rsm;wGifyg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;rjyK&/

jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;233/ (u) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tm; atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGyfpGJ

jypfwifEkdifonf -(1) EkdifiHawmf\aus;Zl;opömawmfukd azmufzsufjcif;?(2) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfukd azmufzsuf

usL;vGefjcif;?(3) tusifhodu©mysufjym;jcif;?(4) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif owfrSwfxm;onfh jynfaxmifpk

0efBuD;\ t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;jcif;?(5) Oya't&ay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;ukd ausyGefpGmraqmif&Gufjcif;/

( c ) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; wpfOD;OD;tay:pGyfpGJjypfwifvkdygu EkdifiHawmfor®wodkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wukd pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;qdkif&m yk'fr 71 yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&rnf?

( * ) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tay: pGyfpGJjypfwifrIonf rSefuefí pGyfpGJcH&olonf jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;&mxl;wGif qufvufwm0efxrf;aqmifap&ef roifhaMumif;pkHprf;ppfaq;onfhvTwfawmfu qkH;jzwfwifjyvQif

87

submitted to the President that the charge has been substantiated and the

Union Minister is unfit to continue in office.

(d) If the Hluttaw concerned resolves that the charge has failed, the Speaker

of the Hluttaw shall report the resolution to the President.

Appointment of Deputy Ministers

234. (a) The President shall appoint the persons, from among Hluttaw

representatives or from those who are not Hluttaw representatives,

possessing the following qualifications, as Deputy Ministers to assist the

Union Ministers :

(i) persons who have attained the age of 35 years;

(ii) persons who have qualifications, with the exception of the age

limit, prescribed in Section 120 for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;

(iii) persons whose qualification does not breach the provisions under

Section 121 which disqualify a person from standing for election

as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;

(iv) persons loyal to the Union and its citizens.

(b) The President shall, to appoint the Deputy Ministers for Ministries of

Defence, Home Affairs and Border Affairs, have the list of suitable Defence

Services personnel nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence

Services.

(c) The President shall co-ordiante with the Commander-in-Chief of the

Defence Services if he desires to appoint the Defence Services personnel

as the Deputy Ministers of other Ministries apart from the Ministries of

Defence, Home Affairs and Border Affairs.

(d) The President shall designate Ministries for each Deputy Minister to take

responsibility.

88

EkdifiHawmfor®wu pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;tm;wm0efrS&yfpJ&rnf?

(C) pGyfpGJjypfwifrIonf rrSefuefaMumif; pkHprf;ppfaq;onfh vTwfawmfuqkH;jzwfygu xkdokdYqkH;jzwfaMumif; oufqkdif&mvTwfawmfOuú|onfEkdifiHawmfor®wxH wifjytpD&ifcH&rnf/

'kwd,0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;'kwd,0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;'kwd,0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;'kwd,0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;'kwd,0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;234/ (u) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;tm; taxmuftuljyK&ef

vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;xJujzpfap? vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fr[kwfolrsm;xJujzpfap atmufazmfjyygt&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf jynfhpkHolrsm;ukd'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;Ekdifonf –(1) touf 35 ESpf jynfhNyD;ol?(2) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGif azmfjyxm;aom

jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;onfht&nftcsif;rsm;ESifhjynfhpkHol?

(3) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifhr&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf; NidpGef;jcif;r&Sdol?

(4) EkdifiHawmfESifh EkdifiHom;rsm;tay:opöm&Sdol/( c ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;&mwGif

umuG,fa&;? jynfxJa&;ESifh e,fpyfa&;&mwm0efrsm; ay;tyf&efjzpfyguwyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfxHrS oihfavsmfonfhwyfrawmfom;rsm;\trnfpm&if;ukd &,l&rnf?

( * ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf umuG,fa&;0efBuD;Xme? jynfxJa&;0efBuD;XmeESifhe,fpyfa&;&m0efBuD;Xmersm;tjyif tjcm;0efBuD;Xmersm;wGif wyfrawmfom;rsm;tm; 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;vkdvQif wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfESifh nd§EIdif;aqmif&Guf&rnf?

(C) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;tm; cefYtyfwm0efay;&mwGifwm0ef,l&rnfh0efBuD;Xmersm;ukd owffrSwfay;&rnf?

88

(e) The Deputy Ministers shall be responsible to the relevant Union Minister,

and to the President through the relevant Union Minister.

(f) If the Deputy Minister is a representative of a Hluttaw or a Civil Services

personnel or a Defence Services personnel, or a member of a political

party, the provisions of Sub-Sections (i), (j) and (k) of Section 232 shall

be applied.

Term of office, resignation, termination of duties and filling vacancy of the Union

Ministers and Deputy Ministers

235. (a) The term of the Union Minister and Deputy Minister is the same as that of

the President.

(b) The Union Minister or Deputy Minister may resign from office on his own

volition due to a certain reason before the expiry of his term of office, after

submitting his written resignation to the President.

(c) The President :

(i) may direct any Union Minister or Deputy Minister who cannot

discharge his duties efficiently to resign. If he fails to comply, he

shall be terminated from his duties;

(ii) shall co-ordinate with the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence

Services if it relates to a Defence Services personnel who is a

Minister or Deputy Minister to resign or remove from office.

(d) If the office of the Union Minister or Deputy Minister becomes vacant due

to resignation, removal from office, death or any other reason, the President

shall have the right to appoint and assign duties to a new Union Minister or

89

( i ) 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;onf oufqkdif&mjynfaxmifpk0efBuD;tm;vnf;aumif;?oufqkdif&mjynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rSwpfqifh Ek difiHawmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif; wm0efcH&rnf?

( p ) 'kwd,0efBuD;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&olonf vTwfawmfwpf&yf&yf\ udk,fpm;vS,faomfvnf;aumif;? EdkifiHh0efxrf;aomfvnf;aumif;?wyfrawmfom;aomfvnf;aumif;? EdkifiHa&;ygwDwpfckck\ tzGJY0ifaomfvnf;aumif; jzpfygu yk'fr 232 yk'frcGJ (ps)? (n) ESifh ( # ) ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf; oufqdkifap&rnf/

jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; ESifh 'kwd,0efBuD;wdkY\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;?ESifh 'kwd,0efBuD;wdkY\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;?ESifh 'kwd,0efBuD;wdkY\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;?ESifh 'kwd,0efBuD;wdkY\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;?ESifh 'kwd,0efBuD;wdkY\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;?wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;235/ (u) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;ESifh 'kwd,0efBuD;wdk Y\ &mxl;oufwrf;onf

omreftm;jzifh EkdifiHawmfor®w\ &mxl;oufwrf;twkdif;jzpfonf?( c ) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; odkYr[kwf 'kwd,0efBuD;onf &mxl;oufwrf;

rukefqkH;rD taMumif;wpfckckaMumihf rdrdoabmqEtavsmuf &mxl;rSEkwfxGufvkdvQif xkdokdYEkwfxGufvkdaMumif; EkdifiHawmfor®wxH pmjzihfwifjyNyD; &mxl;rS EkwfxGufEkdifonf?

( * ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf –(1) ay;tyfonfhwm0efukd ausyGefpGm rxrf;aqmifEk difaom

jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; odkYr[kwf 'kwd,0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tm; &mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&ef ñTefMum;Ekdifonf/ ñTefMum;onfhtwdkif; vkdufemjcif;rjyKvQif wm0efrS&yfpJ&rnf?

(2) &mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&rnfh od k Yr[kwf wm0efrS&yfpJcH&rnfhwyfrawmfom; jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; odkYr[kwf 'kwd,0efBuD;ESifYywfoufvQif wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfESifh n§dEdIif;aqmif&Guf&rnf/

(C) &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;aMumifhjzpfap? wm0efrS&yfpJcH&jcif;aMumifhjzpfap?uG,fvGefjcif;aMumifhjzpfap? tjcm;taMumif;wpfckckaMumifhjzpfap?jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; odkYr[kwf 'kwd,0efBuD;&mxl;ae&m vpfvyfvQif

89

Deputy Minister in accord with the provisions of the Constitution relating

to the appointment of the Union Minister or Deputy Minister. The term of

office of the newly appointed Union Minister or Deputy Minister shall be

the same as the remaining term of the President.

(e) (i) When the President before the expiry of his term in office, has

appointed the Union Ministers or Deputy Ministers, and the

President’s office is vacant due to resignation or death or any

other reason, the Union Ministers and the Deputy Ministers shall

continue to perform their duties until the new elected President

has appointed and assigned duties to the new Union Ministers or

Deputy Ministers.

(ii) The term of the newly appointed Union Ministers and Deputy

Ministers shall be up to the expiry of the remaining term of the

new President.

(f) Duties, powers and rights of the Union Minister and Deputy Ministers

shall be prescribed by law.

The Attorney General of the Union and the Deputy Attorney General

236. The Attorney General of the Union shall be called the Attorney General of the

Union.

The appointment of the Attorney General of the Union

237. (a) The President, with the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, shall appoint

a person, from among Hluttaw representatives or persons who are not

90

EkdifiHawmfor®wonf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;odkYr[kwf 'kwd,0efBuD;cefYxm;jcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;topf odkYr[kwf 'kwd,0efBuD;topftm; cefYtyfwm0efay;Ekdifonf/ xkdodkY cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; odkYr[kwf 'kwd,0efBuD;\ &mxl;oufwrf;onf EkdifiHawmfor®w\ usef&Sdonfh&mxl;oufwrf;twGufom jzpfap&rnf?

( i ) (1) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; odkYr[kwf 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;tm; cefYtyfwm0efay;onfh EkdifiHawmfor®wonf &mxl;oufwrf;rukefqkH;rDEkwfxGufaomaMumihfjzpfap? uG,fvGefaomaMumifhjzpfap? wpfpkHwpfckaom taMumif;aMumihfjzpfap EkdifiHawmfor®w &mxl;vpfvyfygu tpm;xkdk;a&G;cs,f wifajr§mufvkdufonfh EkdifiHawmfor®wtopfu jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;topfrsm; odkYr[kwf'kwd,0efBuD;topfrsm;ukd cefYtyfwm0efay;NyD;onfh tcsdeftxdjynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;ESifY 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;onf rdrdwkdY\vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ukd qufvufxrf;aqmif&rnf?

(2) tpm;xkd;cefYtyf wm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;topfrsm;ESifY 'kwd,0efBuD;topfrsm;\ &mxl;oufwrf;onfEk difiHawmfor®wtopf\ usef&S donfh &mxl;oufwrf;ukefqkH;onftxdom jzpf&rnf/

( p ) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;ESifh 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;\ wm0efrsm;? vkyfykdifcGifhrsm;ESifh&ykdifcGifhrsm;ukd Oya'jy|mef;owfrSwf&rnf/

jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfESifh 'kkwd,a&SUaecsKyfjynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfESifh 'kkwd,a&SUaecsKyfjynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfESifh 'kkwd,a&SUaecsKyfjynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfESifh 'kkwd,a&SUaecsKyfjynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfESifh 'kkwd,a&SUaecsKyf

236/ jynfaxmifpk\a&SUaecsKyfudk jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyf[k ac:a0:&rnf/

jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;237/ (u) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf Oya'tBuHÓPfrsm;&,lEkdif&efESifh Oya'qkdif&m

wm0efrsm;ay;tyfEkdif&ef vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;xJujzpfap?

90

Hluttaw representatives having the following qualifications as the Attorney-

General of the Union to obtain legal advice and assign duties on legal

matters :

(i) person who has attained the age of 45 years;

(ii) person who has qualifications, with the exception of age limit,

entitled to be elected as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives prescribed

in Section 120;

(iii) person whose qualification does not breach the provisions under

Section 121 which disqualify a person from standing for election

as the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;

(iv) (aa) person who has served as a Judge of the Region or State

High Court for at least five years; or

(bb) person who has served as a judicial officer or law officer

for at least 10 years not lower than that of the Region or

State Level;

(cc) person who has practised as an advocate for at least 20

years;

(dd) person who is, in the opinion of the President, as an

eminent jurist;

(v) person who is loyal to the Union and its citizens.

(b) The appoitment of a person as the Attorney-General of the Union by the

President shall not be refused by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw unless it can

clearly be proved that the person concerned does not meet the qualification

of the Attorney-General of the Union.

(c) The President has the right to submit again the list with a new name replacing

the one who has not been approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for the

appointment of a person as the Attorney-General of the Union.

(d) The Attorney-General of the Union is a member of the Union Government.

91

vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f r[kwfolrsm;xJujzpfap atmufazmfjyygt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifhjynfhpkHonfh yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;OD;tm; jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufjzifh jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&rnf –(1) touf 45 ESpf jynfhNyD;ol?(2) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGif azmfjyxm;aom

jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;onfht&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkHol?

(3) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifhr&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf; NidpGef;jcif;r&Sdol?

(4) (uu) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f w&m;vTwfawmfw&m;olBuD;tjzpf tenf;qkH; ig;ESpf aqmif&GufcJholokdYr[kwf

( c c ) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftqifhxuf redrfhaomw&m;a&;t&m&Sd okdYr[kwf Oya't&m&Sd &mxl;wGiftenf;qkH; 10 ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhol okdYr[kwf

( * * ) w&m;vTwfawmfa&SUaetjzpf tenf;qkH; tESpf 20 trIvkdufygaqmif&GufcJhol okdYr[kwf

(CC) xifay:ausmfMum;onfh *kPfowif;&Sdaom Oya'ynm&Siftjzpf EkdifiHawmfor®wu,lqol/

(5) EkdifiHawmfESifh EkdifiHom;rsm;tay: opöm&Sdol/( c ) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftwGuf owfrSwfxm;onfh t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh

rjynfhpkHaMumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkkdifygu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonfEkdifiHawmfor®wu trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfhyk*d¾Kvftm; jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fcGifhr&Sdap&?

( * ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&efjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufr&&Sdonfh yk*d¾Kvftpm; trnfpm&if;opfukd jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfodkY xyfrHwifoGif;cGihf&Sdonf?

(C) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfonf jynfaxmifpktpkd;&tzGJU0if jzpfonf?

91

(e) The Attorney General of the Union shall be responsible to the President.

(f) If the Attorney General of the Union is a representative of a Hluttaw, it

shall be deemed that he has resigned from the day he is appointed as

Attorney General of the Union.

(g) If the Attorney General of the Union is a Civil Services personnel, it shall

be deemed that he has retired according to the existing civil service rules

and regulations from the day he is appointed as the Attorney General of

the Union.

(h) If the Attorney General of the Union is a member of any political party, he

shall not take part in its party activities during the term of office from the

day he is appointed as the Attorney General of the Union.

Impeachment of the Attorney General of the Union

238. If there is a need to impeach the Attorney General of the Union, the same procedure

for the impeachment of the Union Minister under Section 233 shall be applied.

Appointment of the Deputy Attorney General

239. (a) The President shall appoint, in his own volition, the persons from among

the Hluttaw representatives or from among those who are not Hluttaw

representatives who have the following qualifications, as Deputy Attorney

General to assist the Attorney General of the Union :

(i) person who has attained the age of 40 years;

(ii) person who has qualifications, with the exception of age limit,

entitled to be elected as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives prescribed

in Section 120;

(iii) persons whose qualification does not breach the provisions under

Section 121 which disqualify a person from standing for election

as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;

92

( i ) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfonf EkdifiHawmfor®wtm; wm0efcH&rnf?( p ) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfonf vTwfawmfwpf&yf&yf\ ukd,fpm;vS,fjzpfvQif

jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpívTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufNyD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf?

(q) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfonf EkdifiH h0efxrf;jzpfvQif jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí wnfqJ0efxrf;pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD EkdifiHh0efxrf;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf?

( Z ) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfonf EkdifiHa&;ygwDwpfckck\ tzGJU0ifjzpfvQifjynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh aeYrSpírdrd&mxl;oufwrf;twGif; ,if;ygwDtzJGUtpnf;\ ygwDvkyfief;rsm;wGifyg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;rjyK&/

jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftm; pGyfpJGjypfwifjcif;jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftm; pGyfpJGjypfwifjcif;jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftm; pGyfpJGjypfwifjcif;jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftm; pGyfpJGjypfwifjcif;jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftm; pGyfpJGjypfwifjcif;238/ jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifvdkygu jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tm;pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;qkdif&m yk'fr 233 &Sd jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&rnf/

'kwd,a&SUaecsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;'kwd,a&SUaecsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;'kwd,a&SUaecsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;'kwd,a&SUaecsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;'kwd,a&SUaecsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;239/ (u) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftm; taxmuftuljyK&ef

vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;xJujzpfap? vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fr[kwfolrsm;xJujzpfap atmufazmfjyygt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkHonfhyk*d¾KvfwpfOD;OD;tm; rdrdoabmqEtavsmuf 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyftjzpfcefYtyfwm0efay;&rnf –(1) touf 40 ESpf jynfhNyD;ol?(2) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGif azmfjyxm;aom

jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;onfht&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf jynfhpkHol?

(3) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifhr&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf; NidpGef;jcif;r&Sdol?

92

(iv) (aa) person who has served as a Judge of the Region or State

High Court for at least five years; or

(bb) person who has served as a judicial officer or law officer

for at least 10 years not lower than that of the Region or

State Level; or

(cc) person who has practised as an advocate for at least 15

years;

(dd) person who is, in the opinion of the President, as an

eminent jurist;

(v) person who is loyal to the Union and its citizens.

(b) The Deputy Attorney-General shall be responsible to the Attorney-General

of the Union and to the President through the Attorney-General of the

Union.

(c) If the Deputy Attorney-General of the Union is a representative of a Hluttaw

or a Civil Services personnel or a member of a political party, the provisions

of Sub-Sections (f), (g) and (h) of Section 237 shall be applied.

Term of office, resignation, termination of office, filling the vacancy of the Attorney-

General of the Union and the Deputy Attorney-General

240. (a) The term of the Attorney-General of the Union and the Deputy Attorney-

General is normally the same as that of the President.

(b) The Attorney-General of the Union or the Deputy Attorney-General may

resign from office on his own volition due to a certain reason before expiry

of the term of office, after submitting his written resignation to the President.

(c) The President may direct to resign the Attorney-General of the Union or

93

(4) (uu) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfw&m;olBuD;tjzpf tenf;qkH; ig;ESpfaqmif&GufcJholokdYr[kwf

( c c ) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f tqifhxufredrfhaomw&m;a&;t&m&Sd okdYr[kwf Oya't&m&Sd &mxl;wGiftenf;qkH; 10 ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhol okdYr[kwf

( * * ) w&m;vTwfawmfa&SUaetjzpf tenf;qkH; 15 ESpf trIvkdufygaqmif&GufcJhol okdYr[kwf

(CC) xifay:ausmfMum;onfh *kPfowif;&Sdaom Oya'ynm&Siftjzpf EkdifiHawmfor®wu ,lqol/

(5) EkdifiHawmfESifh EkdifiHom;rsm;tay: opöm&Sdol/( c ) 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyfonf jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftm; vnf;aumif;?

jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfrSwpfqifh EkdifiHawmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif;wm0efcH&rnf?

( * ) 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&olonf vTwfawmfwpf&yf&yf\ udk,fpm;vS,faomfvnf;aumif;? EdkifiHh0efxrf; aomfvnf;aumif;? EdkifiHa&;ygwDwpfckck\ tzGJU0ifaomfvnf;aumif; jzpfyguyk'fr 237 yk'frcGJ ( p ) ?(q)ESifh ( Z ) yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;oufqdkifap&rnf/

jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfESifh 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyfwdkY\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfESifh 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyfwdkY\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfESifh 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyfwdkY\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfESifh 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyfwdkY\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfESifh 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyfwdkY\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifY vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;jcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifY vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;jcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifY vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;jcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifY vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;jcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifY vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;240/ (u) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfESifh 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyfwdkY\ &mxl;oufwrf;onf

omreftm;jzifh EkdifiHawmfor®w\ &mxl;oufwrf;twkdif; jzpfonf?( c ) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyf odk Yr[kwf 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyfonf &mxl;

oufwrf;rukefqkH;rD taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh rdrdoabmqEtavsmuf&mxl;rSEkwfxGufvkdvQif xkdokdYEkwfxGufvkdaMumif; EkdifiHawmfor®wxHpmjzihfwifjyNyD; &mxl;rSEkwfxGufEkdifonf?

( * ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf ay;tyfonfhwm0efukd ausyGefpGmrxrf;aqmifEkdifaom jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyf odkYr[kwf 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyftm; &mxl;rS

93

the Deputy Attorney-General who cannot discharge his duties efficiently.

If either of them fails to comply, he shall be terminated from his duties.

(d) If the office of the Attorney-General of the Union or the Deputy Attorney-

General becomes vacant due to resignation, removal from office, death or

any other reason, the President shall have the right to appoint and assign

duties to a new Attorney-General of the Union or the Deputy Attorney-

General in accord with the provisions of the Constitution relating to the

appointment of the Attorney-General of the Union or the Deputy Attorney-

General. The term of the newly appointed Attorney-General of the Union

or the Deputy Attorney-General shall be the same as the remaining term

of office of the President.

(e) (i) When the President before the expiry of his term in office, has

appointed the Attorney-General of the Union and the Deputy

Attorney-General, and the President’s office is vacant due to

resignation or death or any other reason, the Attorney-General of

the Union or the Deputy Attorney-General may be continued to

be assigned or shall continue to perform their duties until the new

elected President has appointed and assigned duties to the new

Attorney-General of the Union or the Deputy Attorney-General

in accord with the provisions of the Constitution .

(ii) The term of the new appointed Attorney-General of the Union

and the Deputy Attorney-General shall be up to the expiry of the

remaining term of the new President.

(f) Duties, powers and rights of the Attorney-General of the Union and the

Deputy Attorney-General shall be prescribed by law.

94

EkwfxGuf&ef ñTefMum;Ekdifonf/ ñTefMum;onfhtwkdif; vkdufemjcif; rjyKvQifwm0efrS&yfpJ&rnf?

(C) &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;aMumifhjzpfap? wm0efrS&yfpJcH&jcif;aMumihfjzpfap?uG,fvGefjcif;aMumihfjzpfap? tjcm;taMumif;wpfckckaMumifhjzpfapjynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyf odkYr[kwf 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyf&mxl;ae&m vpfvyfvQifEkdifiHawmfor®wonf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfodkYr[kwf 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyf cefYxm;jcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftopf odkYr[kwf 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyftopftm; cefYtyfwm0efay;Ekdifonf/ xkdokdY cefYtyfwm0ef ay;jcif;cH&onfhjynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyf odkYr[kwf 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyf\ &mxl;oufwrf;onfEkdifiHawmfor®w\ usef&Sdonfh&mxl;oufwrf; twGufom jzpfap&rnf?

( i ) (1) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfESifh 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyfwdkYtm; cefYtyfwm0efay;onfh EkdifiHawmfor®wonf &mxl;oufwrf; rukefqkH;rDEkwfxGufaomaMumifhjzpfap? uG,fvGefaomaMumihfjzpfap?wpfpkHwpfckaom taMumif;aMumihfjzpfap EkdifiHawmfor®w&mxl;vpfvyfvQif tpm;xkd;a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufvkdkufonfhEkdifiHawmfor®wtopfonf ,if;wkdYtm;qufvufwm0efay;Ekdifonf okdYr[kwf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnDjynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftopfESifh 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyftopfrsm;udkcefYtyfwm0efay;Edkifonf/ ,if;odkY cefYtyfwm0efay;rnf qkdygujynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftopfESifh 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyftopfrsm;udkcefYtyfwm0efay;NyD;onfhtcsddeftxd jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfESifY'kwd,a&SUaecsKyfwdk Ytm; ,if;wdk Y\ vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ukdqufvufxrf;aqmifapEkdifonf?

(2) tpm;xkd;cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftopfESifh 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyftopfwdkY\ &mxl;oufwrf;onfEkdifiHawmfor®wtopf\ usef&Sdonfh&mxl;oufwrf; ukefqkH;onftxdom jzpf&rnf/

( p ) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfESifh 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyfwdkY\ wm0efrsm;? vkyfykdifcGihfrsm;ESifh &ykdifcGifhrsm;ukd Oya'jy|mef;owfrSwf&rnf/

94

Auditor-General of the Union and the Deputy Auditor-General

241. The Auditor-General of the Union shall be called the Auditor-General of the Union.

Appointment of the Auditor-General of the Union

242. (a) The President, with the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, shall appoint

a person from among Hluttaw representatives or from among those who

are not Hluttaw representatives, who has the following qualifications, as

the Auditor-General of the Union so as to audit Union Budget and report

thereon to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw :

(i) person who has attained the age of 45 years;

(ii) person who has qualifications, with the exception of the age limit,

entitled to be elected as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives prescribed

in Section 120;

(iii) persons whose qualification does not breach the provisions in

Section 121 which disqualify a person from standing for election

as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;

(iv) (aa) person who has served as an auditor for at least 10 years

not lower than that of the Region or State Level; or

(bb) person who has served as a Registered Accountant or a

Certified Public Accountant for at least 20 years; or

(cc) person who is, in the opinion of the President, as an

eminent accountant, statistician or economist.

(v) person who is loyal to the Union and its citizens.

(b) The person nominated by the President to be appointed as the Auditor-

General of the Union shall not be refused by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw unless

95

jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfESifh 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyfjynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfESifh 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyfjynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfESifh 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyfjynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfESifh 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyfjynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfESifh 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyf241/ jynfaxmifpk\pm&if;ppfcsKyfudk jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyf[k ac:a0:&rnf/

jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;242/ (u) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf EkdifiHawmf\ t&tokH;pm&if;rsm;ukd ppfaq;í

jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfokdY wifjyEkdif&ef vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;xJujzpfap? vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fr[kwfolrsm;xJu jzpfapatmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkHonfhyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;OD;tm;jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\oabmwlnDcsufjzifh jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&rnf –(1) touf 45 ESpf jynfhNyD;ol?(2) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGif azmfjyxm;aom

jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;onfht&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf jynfhpkHol?

(3) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifhr&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf; NidpGef;jcif;r&Sdol?

(4) (uu) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftqifhxufredrfhaompm&if;ppft&m&Sd &mxl;wGif tenf;qkH; 10 ESpf aqmif&GufcJhol okdYr[kwf

( c c ) rSwfykHwifpm&if;ukdif okd Yr[kwf vufrSwf&jynfolYpm&if;ukdiftjzpf tenf;qkH; 20 ESpf aqmif&GufcJholokdYr[kwf

( * * ) xifay:ausmfMum;onfh *kPfowif;&Sdaom pm&if;ynm&Sif okdYr[kwf pm&if;tif;ynm&Sif odkYr[kwfpD;yGm;a&;ynm&Siftjzpf EkdifiHawmfor®wu ,lqol/

(5) EdkifiHawmfESihf EdkifiHom;rsm;tay: opöm&Sdol/( c ) jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftwGuf owffrSwfxm;aom t&nftcsif;rsm;

ESifh rjynfhpkHaMumif; txift&Sm;rjyoEkdifygu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf

95

it can clearly be proved that the person concerned does not meet the

qualification to be the Auditor-General of the Union.

(c) The President has the right to submit again the list with a new name replacing

the one who has not been approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for the

appointment of the Auditor-General of the Union.

(d) The Auditor-General of the Union shall be responsible to the President.

(e) If the Auditor-General of the Union is a Hluttaw representative, it shall be

deemed that he has resigned from the day he is appointed as the Auditor-

General of the Union.

(f) If the Auditor-General of the Union is a Civil Services personnel, it shall

be deemed that he has retired according to the existing civil service rules

and regulations from the day he is appointed as the Auditor-General of the

Union.

(g) If the Auditor-General of the Union is a member of any political party, he

shall not take part in its party activities during the term of office from the

day he is appointed as Auditor-General of the Union.

Impeachment of the Auditor-General of the Union

243. If there is a need to impeach the Auditor-General of the Union, the same procedure

for the impeachment of the Union Minister under Section 233 shall be applied.

Appointment of the Deputy Auditor-General

244. (a) The President shall appoint, in his own volition, the persons from among

the Hluttaw representatives or from those who are not Hluttaw

representatives, who have the following qualifications, as the Deputy

Auditor-General to assist the Auditor-General of the Union :

96

onf EkdifiHawmfor®wu trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfh yk*d¾Kvftm;jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fcGihf r&Sdap&?

( * ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&efjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufr&&Sdonfh yk*d¾Kvftpm;trnfpm&if;opfukd jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfokdY xyfrHwifoGif;cGihf&Sdonf?

(C) jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfonf EkdifiHawmfor®wtm; wm0efcH&rnf?( i ) jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfonf vTwfawmfwpf&yf&yf\ ukd,fpm;vS,f

jzpfvQif jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufNyD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf?

( p ) jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfonf EkdifiHh0efxrf;jzpfvQif jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí wnfqJ 0efxrf;pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD EkdifiHh0efxrf;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf?

(q) jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfonf EkdifiHa&;ygwDwpfckck\ tzGJU0ifjzpfvQifjynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyf odk Yr[kwf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyftjzpfcefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí rdrd&mxl;oufwrf;twGif;,if;ygwDtzJGUtpnf;\ ygwDvkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;rjyK&/

jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;243/ jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifvdkygu jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tm;pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;qdkif&m yk'fr 233 yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&rnf/

'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;244/ (u) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftm; taxmuftuljyK&ef

vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;xJujzpfap? vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f r[kwfolrsm;xJujzpfap atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifhjynfhpkHonfhyk*d¾KvfwpfOD;OD;tm; rdrdoabmqEtavsmuf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyftjzpfcefYtyfwm0efay;&rnf –

96

(i) person who has attained the age of 40 years;

(ii) person who has qualifications, with the exception of age limit,

entitled to be elected as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives prescribed

in Section 120;

(iii) persons whose qualification does not breach the provisions under

Section 121 which disqualify a person from standing for election

as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;

(iv) (aa) person who has served as an auditor for at least 10 years

not lower than that of the Region or State Level; or

(bb) person who has served as a Registered Accountant or a

Certified Public Accountant for at least 15 years; or

(cc) person who is, in the opinion of the President, as an

eminent accountant, statistician or economist.

(v) person who is loyal to the Union and its citizens.

(b) The Deputy Auditor-General shall be responsible to the Auditor-General

of the Union and the President through the Auditor-General of the Union.

(c) If the Deputy Auditor-General of the Union is a representative of a Hluttaw

or civil service personnel or member of a political party, the provisions of

Sub-Sections (e), (f) and (g) of Section 242 shall be applied.

Term of office, resignation, termination of office, filling the vacancy of the Auditor-

General of the Union and the Deputy Auditor-General

245. (a) The term of the Auditor-General of the Union and the Deputy Auditor-

General is normally the same as that of the President.

97

(1) touf 40 ESpf jynfhNyD;ol?(2) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGifazmfjyxm;aom

jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;onfht&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf jynfhpkHol?

(3) yk'fr 121 wGifazmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifhr&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf; NidpGef;jcif;r&Sdol?

(4) (uu) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftqifhxuf redrfhaompm&if;ppft&m&Sd &mxl;wGif tenf;qkH; 10 ESpfaqmif&GufcJhol okdYr[kwf

( c c ) rSwfykHwifpm&if;ukdif okd Yr[kwf vufrSwf&jynfolYpm&if;ukdiftjzpf tenf;qkH; 15 ESpf aqmif&GufcJholokdYr[kwf

( * * ) xifay:ausmfMum;onfh *kPfowif;&Sdaom pm&if;ynm&Sif okdYr[kwf pm&if;tif;ynm&Sif odkYr[kwfpD;yGm;a&;ynm&Siftjzpf EkdifiHawmfor®wu ,lqol/

(5) EkdifiHawmfESifh EkdifiHom;rsm;tay: opöm&Sdol/( c ) 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyfonf jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftm;vnf;aumif;?

jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfrSwpfqifh EkdifiHawmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif;wm0efcH&rnf?

( * ) 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&olonf vTwfawmfwpf&yf&yf\ udk,fpm;vS,faomfvnf;aumif;? EdkifihH0efxrf;aomfvnf;aumif;? EdkifiHa&;ygwDwpfckck\ tzGJU0ifaomfvnf;aumif; jzpfyguyk'fr 242 yk'frcGJ ( i ) ? ( p ) ESifh (q) yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;oufqdkifap&rnf/

jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfESihf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyfwkdY\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSjynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfESihf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyfwkdY\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSjynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfESihf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyfwkdY\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSjynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfESihf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyfwkdY\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSjynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfESihf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyfwkdY\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifhvpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;EkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifhvpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;EkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifhvpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;EkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifhvpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;EkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifhvpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;245/ (u) jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfESihf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyfwkdY\&mxl;oufwrf;

onf omreftm;jzifh EkdifiHawmfor®w\ &mxl;oufwrf;twkdif; jzpfonf?

97

(b) The Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General may

resign from office on his own volition due to a certain reason before expiry

of the term of office, after submitting his written resignation to the President.

(c) The President may direct to resign the Auditor-General of the Union or

the Deputy Auditor-General who cannot discharge his duties efficiently. If

either of them fails to comply, he shall be terminated from his duties.

(d) If the office of the Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-

General becomes vacant due to resignation, removal from office, death or

any other reason, the President shall have the right to appoint and assign

duties to a new Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-

General in accord with the provisions of the Constitution relating to the

appointment of the Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-

General. The term of the newly appointed Auditor-General of the Union

or the Deputy Auditor-General shall be the same as the remaining term of

the President.

(e) (i) When the President before the expiry of his term in office, has

appointed the Auditor-General of the Union and the Deputy

Auditor-General, and the President’s office is vacant due to

resignation or death or any other reason, the Auditor-General of

the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General may be continued to be

assigned or shall continue to perform their duties until the new

elected President has appointed and assigned duties to the new

98

( c ) jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyf odkYr[kwf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyfonf &mxl;oufwrf;rukefqkH;rD taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh rdrdoabmqEtavsmuf&mxl;rSEkwfxGufvkdvQif xkdokdYEkwfxGufvkdaMumif; EkdifiHawmfor®wxHpmjzihfwifjyNyD; &mxl;rSEkwfxGufEkdifonf?

( * ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf ay;tyfonfhwm0efukd ausyGefpGmrxrf;aqmifEkdifaom jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyf odkYr[kwf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyftm;&mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&ef ñTefMum;Ek difonf/ ñTefMum;onfhtwkdif;vkdufemjcif;rjyKvQif wm0efrS&yfpJ&rnf?

(C) &mxl;rS EkwfxGufjcif;aMumifhjzpfap? wm0efrS &yfpJcH&jcif;aMumihfjzpfap?uG,fvGefjcif;aMumihfjzpfap? tjcm;taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh jzpfapjynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyf odkYr[kwf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyf &mxl;ae&mvpfvyfvQif EkdifiHawmfor®wonf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyf odkYr[kwf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyfcefYxm;jcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;onfhjy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftopf odkYr[kwf'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyftopftm; cefYtyfwm0efay;Ekdifonf/ xkdokdY cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyf odkYr[kwf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyf\&mxl;oufwrf;onf EkdifiHawmfor®w\ usef&Sdonfh&mxl;oufwrf;twGufom jzpfap&rnf?

( i ) (1) jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfESihf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyfwdkYtm; cefYtyfwm0efay;onfh Ek difiHawmfor®wonf &mxl;oufwrf;rukefqkH;rD EkwfxGufoGm;aomaMumifhjzpfap? uG,fvGefaomaMumihfjzpfap? wpfpkHwpfckaom taMumif;aMumihfjzpfapEkdifiHawmfor®w&mxl; vpfvyfygu tpm;xkd;a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufvkdufonfh EkdifiHawmfor®w topfonf ,if;wkdYtm; qufvufwm0efay;Ekdifonf okdYr[kwf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpk pm&if;ppfcsKyftopfESihf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyftopfrsm;udk cefYtyfwm0efay;Edkifonf/ ,if;odkYcefYtyfwm0efay;rnfqdkygu jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftopfESihf'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyftopfrsm;udk cefYtyfwm0efay;NyD;onfhtcsdeftxd jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfESifh 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyf

98

Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General in

accord with the provisions of the Constitution.

(ii) The term of the new appointed Auditor-General of the Union or

the Deputy Auditor-General shall be up to the expiry of the

remaining term of the new President.

(f) Duties, powers and rights of the Auditor-General of the Union and the

Deputy Auditor-General shall be prescribed by law.

Formation of the Union Civil Services Board

246. (a) The President shall form the Union Civil Services Board to enable to

perform the duties of selecting, training the Civil services personnel and

prescribing of Civil Service regulations.

(b) The President shall appoint the persons who have the following qualifications

as the Chairperson and Members of the Union Civil Services Board :

(i) person who has attained the age of 50 years;

(ii) person who has qualifications, with the exception of the age limit,

entitled to be elected as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives prescribed

in Section 120;

(iii) persons whose qualification does not breach the provisions under

Section 121 which disqualify a person from standing for election

as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;

(iv) experienced intelligentsia and intellectuals;

(v) person who is loyal to the Union and its citizens;

(vi) person who is not a member of a political party;

(vii) person who is not a Hluttaw representative.

(c) If the Chairperson and members of the Union Civil Services Board are

Civil Services personnel, it shall be deemed that they have retired according

to the existing Civil Services rules and regulations from the day they are

appointed as Chairperson and Members of the Union Civil Services Board

of the Union.

99

wdkYtm; ,if;wdkY\vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ukd qufvufxrf;aqmifapEkdifonf?

(2) tpm;xkd;cef Ytyf wm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftopfESihf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyftopfwkdY\ &mxl;oufwrf;onf EkdifiHawmfor®wtopf\ usef&Sdonfh&mxl;oufwrf;ukefqkH;onftxdom jzpf&rnf/

( p ) jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfESifh 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyfwkdY\ wm0efrsm;?vkyfykdifcGihfrsm;ESifY &ykdifcGifhrsm;ukd Oya'jy|mef;owfrSwf&rnf/

jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;246/ (u) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf EkdifiHh0efxrf;a&G;cs,fa&;? avhusifha&;wm0efESifh

EkdifiHh0efxrf; pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;owfrSwfa&; wm0efrsm;xrf;aqmifEkdif&efjynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJU zGJJUpnf;&rnf?

( c ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf atmufazmfjyygt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkHolrsm;tm; jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJUOuú|ESifh tzGJU0ifrsm;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&rnf –(1) touf 50 ESpf jynfhNyD;ol?(2) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGif azmfjyxm;aom

jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;onfht&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf jynfhpkHol?

(3) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifhr&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf; NidpGef;jcif;r&Sdol?

(4) tawGUtBuKH&ifhusufaom todynm&Sif? twwfynm&Sifjzpfol?(5) EkdifiHawmfESifh EkdifiHom;rsm;tay: opöm&Sdol?(6) EkdifiHa&;ygwD0if r[kwfol?(7) vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f r[kwfol/

( * ) jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJU Ouú|ESifh tzGJU0ifrsm;onf EdkifiHh0efxrf;jzpfvQifjynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJU Ouú|ESifh tzGJU0ifrsm;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí wnfqJ0efxrf; pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD EdkifiHh0efxrf;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf?

99

(d) The Chairperson of the Union Civil Services Board shall be responsible

to the President, and members of the Union Civil Services Board shall be

responsible to the President through the Chairperson of Union Civil Services

Board.

(e) The term of the Chairperson and members of the Union Civil Services

Board is normally the same as that of the President.

(f) Formation of the Union Civil Services Board, duties, powers and rights of

the Chairperson and Members, resignation and termination of duties shall

be prescribed by law.

The Region Government or the State Government

247. (a) The Head of the Region or State shall be called the Chief Minister of the

Region or State.

(b) The Member of the Region or State Government shall be called the Minister

of the Region or State.

Formation of the Region Government or State Government248. (a) The Region Government is formed in the Region and State Government is

formed in the State respectively.

(b) The Region or State Government is formed with the following persons :

(i) the Chief Minister of the Region or State;

(ii) the Ministers of the Region or State;

(iii) the Adovocate General of the Region or State.

(c) The President, with the approval of the Region or State Hluttaw concerned,

may :

(i) specify the Region or State Ministries as may be necessary.

Moreover, he may make changes and additions to the specified

Ministries;

(ii) specify the number of the Ministers of the Region or State as may

be necessary. Moreover, the specified number may be increased

or decreased.

100

(C) jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJUOuú|onf EkdifiHawmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif;?tzGJJU0ifrsm;onf jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJUOuú|ESihf ,if;rSwpfqifhEkdifiHawmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif; wm0efcH&rnf?

( i ) jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJUOuú|ESifh tzJGU0ifrsm;\ oufwrf;onfomreftm;jzifh EkdiffiHawmfor®w\ &mxl;oufwrf;twkdif; jzpfonf?

( p) jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJUzGJUpnf;jcif;? Ouú|ESihf tzGJU0ifwkdY\wm0efrsm;?vkyfykdifcGihfrsm;? &ykdifcGihfrsm;? &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;ESifh wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;wkdYukd Oya'jy|mef;owfrSwf&rnf/

wkdif;a'oBuD; tpdk;&tzGJU okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJUwkdif;a'oBuD; tpdk;&tzGJU okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJUwkdif;a'oBuD; tpdk;&tzGJU okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJUwkdif;a'oBuD; tpdk;&tzGJU okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJUwkdif;a'oBuD; tpdk;&tzGJU okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJU

247/ (u) wkdif;a'oBuD; okd Yr[kwf jynfe,f\ tkyfcsKyfa&;tBuD;trSL;ukdwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf[k ac:a0:&rnf?

( c ) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f\tpkd;&tzGJU0ifukd wkdif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;[k ac:a0:&rnf/

wdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;wdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;wdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;wdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;wdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;248/ (u) wkdif;a'oBuD;wGif wkdif;a'oBuD;tpkd;&tzGJU? jynfe,fwGif jynfe,f

tpkd;&tzGJU zGJUpnf;xm;&Sdonf?( c ) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJUukd atmufazmfjyyg yk*d¾Kvf

rsm;jzifh zGJUpnf;onf -(1) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf?(2) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;?(3) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf/

( * ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\oabmwlnDcsufjzifh –(1) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;Xmersm;ukd vkdtyfovkd

owfrSwfEk di fonf/ xd k Y jyif owfrSwf0efBuD;Xmersm;ud kjyifqifjcif;? jznhfpGufjcif;jyKEdkifonf?

(2) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;OD;a&ukd vkdtyfovkdowfrSwfEkdifonf/ xkdYjyif owfrSwfOD;a&ukd wkd;jcif;? avQmhjcif;jyKEkdifonf/

100

Executive powers of the Region or State Government

249. Subject to the provisions of the Constitution, the executive power of the Region or

State Government extends to the administrative matters which the Region or State Hlutttaw

has power to make laws. Moreover, it also extends to the matters which the Region or

State Government is permitted to perform in accord with any Union Law.

250. The Region or State Government shall have the responsibility to assist the Union

Government in the preservation of the stability of the Union, community peace and tranquillity

and prevalence of law and order.

251. The Region or State Government shall, subject to the policies adopted by the

Union Government and Union Laws, implement projects that are to be undertaken in the

Region or State with the approval of the Region or State Hluttaw concerned.

252. The Region or State Government shall, in accord with the provisions of the

Constitution, submit the Region or State Budget Bill based on the annual Union Budget to

the Region or State Hluttaw concerned.

253. The Region or State Government shall, if the Region or State Budget Bill is unable

to promulgate before the end of the Budget year, expend within the framework of the

general expenditure included in the last-enacted Budget Law of the Region or State Hluttaw.

101

wkdif;a'oBuD;tpkd;& odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&\ tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPmwkdif;a'oBuD;tpkd;& odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&\ tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPmwkdif;a'oBuD;tpkd;& odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&\ tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPmwkdif;a'oBuD;tpkd;& odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&\ tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPmwkdif;a'oBuD;tpkd;& odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&\ tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPm249/ zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhrqefYusifvQif wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwfjynfe,ftpdk;&\ tkyfcsKyfrItmPmonf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfuOya'jyKEkdifaomudpö&yfrsm;okdY oufa&mufysHUESHUonf/ xkdYjyif jynfaxmifpk Oya'wpf&yf&yft& wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tm; aqmif&GufcGifhjyKonfhudpö&yfrsm;okdYvnf; oufa&mufysHUESHUonf/

250/ wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&onf jynfaxmifpktpkd;&u EkdifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;wkdYukd xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&mwGif ulnD&efwm0ef&Sdonf/

251/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&onf jynfaxmifpktpkd;&u csrSwfxm;onfh rl0g'rsm;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpkOya'rsm;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;rqefYusifapbJ wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif; taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufrnfhvkyfief;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh pDrHudef;rsm;ukd oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,fvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufjzifh taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Guf&rnf/

252/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&onf zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpk\ ESpfpOft&tokH; cefYrSef;ajcaiGpm&if;tay: tajcjyKvsufwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f\b@maiG t&tokH;qkdif&m Oya'Murf;ukd jy|mef;ay;Ekdifa&;twGuf oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfokdY wifoGif;&rnf/

253/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&onf rdrdwifoGif;onfh wkdif;a'oBuD;okd Yr[kwf jynfe,f\b@maiG t&tokH;qkdif&mOya'Murf;ukd b@ma&;ESpfrukefqkH;rD oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu jy|mef;jcif;rjyKEkdifvQif wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu aemufqkH;jy|mef;xm;onfhwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f\b@maiG t&tokH;qkdif&mOya'yg omreftokH;p&dwf cGifhjyKcsufabmiftwGif; okH;pJGcGifh&Sdonf/

101

Charges and Taxes to be Collected by the Region or State Government

254. (a) The Region or State shall collect the taxes and revenues listed in Schedule

Five in accord with law and deposit them in the Region or State fund.

(b) The Region or State has the right to expend the Region or State fund in

accord with the law.

255. The Region or State Government, in accord with the provisions of the Constitution,

may submit the necessary Bill relating to matters listed in Schedule Two of the Region or

State Legislative List to the Region or State Hluttaw.

256. The Region or State Government :

(a) shall, in carrying out the functions of the Region or State Ministries, their

subordinate governmental departments and organizations, manage, guide,

supervise and inspect in accord with the provisions of the Constitution

and the existing laws;

(b) may, relating to the performance of the civil service organizations discharging

duties in their Region or State concerned, supervise, inspect and co-

ordinate in accord with the law.

257. The Region or State Government may, for enabling the performance of the functions

to be carried out in accord with the Union Law for Civil Services and in co-ordination with

the Union Government in advance :

(a) form Civil Services organizations relating to the Region or State as

necessary;

(b) appoint the required number of Civil Services personnel.

102

wdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;& odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&rsm;u aumufcH&rnfh tcGeftcrsm;wdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;& odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&rsm;u aumufcH&rnfh tcGeftcrsm;wdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;& odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&rsm;u aumufcH&rnfh tcGeftcrsm;wdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;& odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&rsm;u aumufcH&rnfh tcGeftcrsm;wdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;& odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&rsm;u aumufcH&rnfh tcGeftcrsm;254/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frsm;u Z,m; 5 yg tcGeftcrsm;udk

Oya'ESifhtnDaumufcHí wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fb@m&efyHkaiGodkY ay;oGif;&rnf?

( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frsm;onf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwfjynfe,fb@m&efyHkaiGrsm;udk Oya'ESifhtnD oHk;pGJcGifh&Sdonf/

255/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&onf zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD Z,m; 2 &Sd wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f Oya'jyKpm&if;ygudpö&yfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í vkdtyfonfhOya'Murf;ukd wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfokdY wifoGif;Ekdifonf/

256/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&onf -(u) wkdif;a'oBuD; odk Yr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;Xmersm;ESif h ,if;wkd Y\

vufatmuftpkd;&Xmersm;? tzJGUtpnf;rsm;\vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIrsm;ukdzJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD jzpfap&efvnf;aumif;?wnfqJOya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD jzpfap&efvnf;aumif; pDrHcefYcJGjcif;?vrf;ñTefjcif;? BuD;Muyfjcif;? ppfaq;jcif; jyK&rnf?

( c ) rdrdwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif; wm0efxrf;aqmifvsuf&Sdaom e,fbuf0efxrf;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIrsm;udkvnf; Oya'ESifhtnD BuD;Muyfjcif;? ppfaq;jcif;? aygif;pyfn§dEIdif;ay;jcif;jyKEkdifonf/

257/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&onf EdkifiHh0efxrf;qdkif&m jynfaxmifpkOya'ESifhtnDvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpktpdk;&ESifh BudKwifn§dEdIif;ívnf;aumif; rdrdwm0ef,l taumiftxnfazmf&onfhvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufEkdif&ef -

(u) wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fqdkif&m e,fbuf0efxrf;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk vdktyfovdk zGJUpnf;Ekdifonf?

( c ) vdktyfaom e,fbuf0efxrf;rsm;udk cefYtyfEkdifonf/

102

258. The Region or State Government shall :

(a) implement the administrative resolutions passed occasionally by the Region

or State concerned and report back the actions which has taken to the

Region or State Hluttaw concerned;

(b) submit the report on the general situations of its area to the Union

Government and to the Region or State Hluttaw concerned.

259. The Region or State Government shall discharge the functions occasionally assigned

by the Union Government.

Office of the Region or State Government

260. The Head of the General Administration Department of the Region or State is the

ex-officio Secretary of the Region or State Government concerned. Moreover, the General

Administration Department of the Region or State is the Office of the Region or State

Government concerned.

Chief Minister of the Region or State

Appointment of the Chief Minister of the Region or State

261. (a) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall have the following

qualifications :

(i) person who has attained the age of 35 years;

(ii) person who has qualifications, with the exception of the age

limit, entitled to be elected as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives

prescribed in Section 120;

103

258/ wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&onf -(u) oufqdkif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu tcg

tm;avsmfpGm csrSwfonfh tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&mqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Guf&rnf/ rdrd\ta&;,laqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udkoufqdkif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY jyefvnftpD&ifcH&rnf?

( c ) rdrde,fajra'o\ tajctaet&yf&yfESifhpyfvsOf;onfh tpD&ifcHpmudkjynfaxmifpktpdk;&ESifh oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY wifjy&rnf/

259/ wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&onf jynfaxmifpktpdk;&u tcgtm;avsmfpGm ay;tyfvmonfhvkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmif&rnf/

wkdif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU½Hk; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJU½kH;wkdif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU½Hk; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJU½kH;wkdif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU½Hk; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJU½kH;wkdif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU½Hk; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJU½kH;wkdif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU½Hk; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJU½kH;260/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftaxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xme tBuD;trSL;onf&mxl;tavsmuf oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzJGU\ twGif;a&;rSL;jzpfonf/ xkdYtjyif wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftaxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xmeonf oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJU½kH;vnf;jzpfonf/

wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f 0efBuD;csKyfwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f 0efBuD;csKyfwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f 0efBuD;csKyfwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f 0efBuD;csKyfwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f 0efBuD;csKyf

wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;261/ (u) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf atmufyg t&nf

tcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkH&rnf –(1) touf 35 ESpf jynfhNyD;ol?(2) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh

jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;aomt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkHol?

103

(iii) person whose qualification does not breach the provisions under

Section 121 which disqualify a person from standing for election

as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;

(iv) person who is loyal to the Union and its citizens.

(b) In order to appoint the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned,

the President shall :

(i) select a suitable Hluttaw representative who has the prescribed

qualifications from among the Region or State Hluttaw

representatives concerned;

(ii) submit the list of the elected Hluttaw representatives to the Region

or State Hluttaw concerned for its approval.

(c) The President shall appoint the Hluttaw representative approved by the

Region or State Hluttaw as the Chief Minister of the Region or State

concerned.

(d) The appointment of a person as a Chief Minister of the Region or State

nominated by the President shall not be refused by the Region or State

Hluttaw unless it can clearly be proved that the person concerned does

not meet the qualifications of the Chief Minister of the Region or State.

(e) The President has the right to submit again the list with a new name replacing

the one who has not been approved by the Region or State Hluttaw for

the appointment of the Chief Minister.

104

(3) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f

rsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifhr&Sdapaom jy|mef;csuf

rsm;ESifhvnf; NidpGef;jcif;r&Sdol?

(4) EkdifiHawmfESifh EkdifiHom;rsm;tay: opöm&Sdol/

( c ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f

0efBuD;csKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef -

(1) oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf

ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;xJu owfrSwfxm;onfh t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh

jynfhpkHaom oihfavsmfonfh vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;tm;

a&G;cs,f&rnf?

(2) a&G;cs,fxm;onfh vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f\ trnfpm&if;ukd

oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY

ay;ykdYvsuf oabmwlnDcsuf&,l&rnf/

( * ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\

oabmwlnDcsuf&&SdNyD;onfh vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftm; oufqkdif&m

wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&rnf?

(C) wkdif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyftwGuf owfrSwfxm;aom

t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh rjynfhpkHaMumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkdifygu wkdif;a'oBuD;

okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf EkdifiHawmfor®wu trnfpm&if;

wifoGif;onfh vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftm; wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf

jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fcGihf r&Sdap&?

( i ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyftjzpf

cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\

oabmwlnDcsufr&&Sdonfh yk*d¾Kvftpm; trnfpm&if;opfukd wkdif;a'oBuD;

okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY xyfrHwifoGif;cGihf &Sdonf/

104

Ministers of the Region or Ministers of the State

Appointment of the Ministers of the Region or Ministers of the State

262. (a) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall :

(i) select suitable persons who have prescribed qualifications under

Sub-Section (a) of Section 261, from among the Region or State

Hluttaw representatives or from among persons who are not

Hluttaw representatives concerned;

(ii) request for a list of suitable Defence Services personnel nominated

by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services to assign

responsibilities of Security and Border Affairs;

(iii) obtain a list of Chairpersons of Leading Bodies of the Self-

Administered Division or the Self-Administered Zone in the Region

or State concerned;

(iv) obtain the list of Hluttaw representatives elected to carry out the

affairs of National races in the Region or State concerned from

the relevant Election Commission.

(b) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall compile the list of persons

selected by him and the list of the Defence Services personnel nominated

by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services and submit them to

the Region or State Hluttaw concerned for its approval.

(c) The appointment of a person as a Minister of the Region or State nominated

by the Chief Minister of the Region or State shall not be refused by the

Region or State Hluttaw unless it can clearly be proved that the person

concerned does not have the qualifications of the Minister of the Region

or State.

105

wkdif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;rsm; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;wkdif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;rsm; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;wkdif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;rsm; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;wkdif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;rsm; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;wkdif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;rsm; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;

wkdif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;rsm; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;wkdif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;rsm; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;wkdif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;rsm; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;wkdif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;rsm; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;wkdif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;rsm; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;262/ (u) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf –

(1) oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okd Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJujzpfap? vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fr[kwfolrsm;xJujzpfap yk'fr 261? yk'frcGJ (u) yg jy|mef;csufwGifowfrSwfxm;onfh t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihfjynfhpkHaom oifhavsmfonfhyk*d¾Kvfrsm;ukd a&G;cs,f&rnf?

(2) vkHNcKHa&;ESihfe,fpyfa&;&m wm0efay;tyfEkdif&ef wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfxHrS oihfavsmfonfh wyfrawmfom;rsm;\trnfpm&if;ukd awmif;cH&rnf?

(3) oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif;&Sd ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUxHrS ,if;wdkY\Ouú|trnfpm&if;ukd &,l&rnf?

(4) oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif;&Sd wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;a&;&m aqmif&Guf&eftwGuf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;onfh vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;\ trnfpm&if;ukdoufqkdif&m a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&SifxHrS &,l&rnf/

( c ) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf rdrda&G;cs,fxm;onfhyk*d¾Kvfrsm;ESifhwyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfxHrS&&Sdonfhwyfrawmfom;rsm;\ trnfpm&if;ukdpkpnf;NyD; oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,fvTwfawmfodkYwifoGif;vsuf oabmwlnDcsuf&,l&rnf?

( * ) wkdif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;aomt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh rjynfhpkHaMumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkdifygu wkdif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfh yk*d¾Kvfrsm;tm; wkdif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fcGihfr&Sdap&?

105

(d) The Chief Minister of the Region or State has the right to submit again the

list with a new name replacing the one who has not been approved by the

Region or State Hluttaw for the appointment of a Minister of the Region

or State.

(e) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall submit the list of persons

who are approved by the Region or State Hluttaw or Chairpersons of the

Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone and the list of

persons who are representatives elected to undertake the affairs of

National races to appoint as the Ministers of the Region or State to the

President.

(f) The President shall appoint the persons who have been approved by the

Chief Minister of the Region or State as Ministers of the Region or State.

In doing so, he shall, in co-ordination with the Chief Minister of the Region

or State concerned, designate the Ministry or Ministries which each Region

or the State Minister to take responsiblity.

(g) The President shall :

(i) assign duties to the Chairpersons of the Self-Administered Division

and the Self-Administered Zone who are the Ministers of the

Region or State, to perform the affairs of the Self-Administered

Division or Self-Administered Zone concerned;

(ii) assign duties to the Hluttaw representatives who are the Ministers

of the Region or State, to perform the affairs of National races

concerned.

106

(C) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,f0efBuD;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,fvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufr&&Sdonfhyk*d¾Kvftpm; trnfpm&if;opfukd oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f vTwfawmfodkYxyfrHwifoGif;cGihf&Sdonf?

( i ) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,fvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsuf&&SdNyD;onfh yk*d¾Kvfrsm;udkaomfvnf;aumif;? ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;Ouú| okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOuú|rsm;\ trnfpm&if;ESifh wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;a&;&m aqmif&Guf&ef a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;onfh vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;\trnfpm&if;ygyk*d¾Kvfrsm;udkaomfvnf;aumif; wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef EkdifiHawmfor®wxHwifjy&rnf?

( p ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfuwifjyvmonfhyk*d¾Kvfrsm;tm; oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&rnf/ xkdodkYcefYtyfwm0efay;&mwGif wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD; wpfOD;csif;tvkdufwm0ef,l&rnfh0efBuD;Xme odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;Xmersm;ukd oufqdkif&m0efBuD;csKyfESifh n§dEdIif;vsufowfrSwfay;&rnf?

(q) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf –(1) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;jzpfonfh ukd,fykdif

tkyfcsKyfcGifh&wkdif;Ouú|ESihf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOuú|rsm;tm;oufqkdif&mukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& a'oa&;&mrsm;ukd aqmif&Guf&efwm0efay;tyf&rnf?

(2) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;jzpfonfh wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;a&;&maqmif&Guf&ef a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;onfhvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; oufqkdif&m wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;a&;&mrsm;ukdaqmif&Guf&ef wm0efay;tyf&rnf/

106

(h) The President shall relax the prescribed age limit under the Constitution in

appointing the Minister of the Region or State, the Chairperson of the

Self-Administered Division or the Self-Administered Zone or elected

Hluttaw representative to perform the affairs of National races concerned.

(i) The President may, in co-ordination with the Chief Minister, appoint

Ministers for the Self-Administered Division or the Self-Administered Zone

or Ministers for National races affairs as Ministers concurrently in charge

of other Ministries.

(j) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall, if he wishes to assign the

Defence Services personnel as the Region or State Ministers for other

duties apart from security and border affairs, obtain their list from the

Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services with the approval of the

Region or State Hluttaw concerned, submit it to the President.

(k) The President shall intimate the appointments of the Chief Minister and

Ministers of the Region or State to the Region or State Hluttaw concerned

and Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

(l) (i) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall be responsible to

the President.

(ii) The Ministers of the Region or State shall be responsible to the

Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned and to the

President through the Chief Minister of the Region or State

concerned.

(m) The term of the Chief Minister and Ministers of the Region or State is the

same as that of the President.

107

( Z ) oufqkdif&mukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;Ouú| okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOuú|tm;vnf;aumif;? oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,ftwGif;&Sd wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;a&;&m aqmif&Guf&ef a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;onfh vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftm;vnf;aumif;wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&mwGifEkdifiHawmfor®wonf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif owfrSwfxm;onfhtoufuefYowfcsufukd avsmYayghay;&rnf?

(p s ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf 0efBuD;csKyfESifhn§dEdIif;í ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oqkdif&m 0efBuD;rsm;tm;vnf;aumif;?wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;a&;&m0efBuD;rsm;tm;vnf;aumif; tjcm;0efBuD;Xmewm0efrsm;ukdvnf; yl;wGJwm0efay;tyfEkdifonf?

(n) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf vkHNcKHa&;ESihf e,fpyfa&;&mwm0efrsm;rSty tjcm;wm0efrsm;twGuf wyfrawmfom;rsm;tm;wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;vkdvQifwyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfxHrS trnfpm&if;awmif;cHí ,if;trnfpm&if;ukd oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\oabmwlnDcsuf&,lvsuf EkdifiHawmfor®wxH wifjy&rnf?

( # ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfESifh0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;rsm;ukd oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,fvTwfawmfokd Yvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfodk Yvnf;aumif; taMumif;Mum;&rnf?

( X ) (1) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf EkdifiHawmfor®wtm; wm0efcH&rnf?

(2) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;onf oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyftm;vnf;aumif;?oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf rSwpfqifhEkdifiHawmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif; wm0efcH&rnf/

( ! ) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfESifh 0efBuD;rsm;\ &mxl;oufwrf;onf omreftm;jzifh EkdifiHawmfor®w\ &mxl;oufwrf;twkdif;jzpfonf?

107

(n) (i) If the Minister of the Region or State is a Civil Services personnel,

it shall be deemed that he has retired according to the existing

Civil Services rules and regulations from the day he is appointed

as Minister of the Region or State.

(ii) The Defence Services personnel who are appointed as Ministers

of the Region or State for Ministries of Security and Border Affairs

are not required to retire or resign from the Defence Services.

Impeachment of the Chief Minister of the Region or State or any Minister

263. (a) The Chief Minister of the Region or State or any Minister, may be

impeached for one of the following reasons :

(i) high treason;

(ii) breach of any of the provisions of the Constitution;

(iii) misconduct;

(iv) disqualification of qualification of the Chief Minister or Minister

of the Region or State prescribed in the Constitution;

(v) inefficient discharge of duties assigned by law.

(b) If there is a need to impeach the Chief Minister or any of the Ministers of

the Region or State, a charge signed by not less than one-fourth of the

total number of representatives of either the Region or State Hluttaw

concerned shall be submitted to the Speaker of the Hluttaw concerned.

(c) The Speaker of the Hluttaw concerned shall form a body of investigation

to investigate the charge. The term of the completion of the investigation

shall be determined on the volume of work.

108

( ¡ ) (1) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;onf EkdifiHh0efxrf;jzpfvQifwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;tjzpf cefYtyfjcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí wnfqJ 0efxrf; pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESihftnDEkdifiHh0efxrf;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf?

(2) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJUrsm;\ vkHNcKHa&;ESihfe,fpyfa&;&m0efBuD;Xmersm;wGif wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,f0efBuD;tjzpf cefYxm;jcif;cH&aom wyfrawmfom;rsm;onfwyfrawmfrStNidrf;pm;,l&ef okdYr[kwf EkwfxGuf&efrvkd/

wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tay: pGyfpGJwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tay: pGyfpGJwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tay: pGyfpGJwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tay: pGyfpGJwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tay: pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;jypfwifjcif;jypfwifjcif;jypfwifjcif;jypfwifjcif;263/ (u) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf 0efBuD;wpfOD;OD; tm;

atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfaMumifh pGyfpGJjypfwifEkdifonf –(1) EkdifiHawmf\aus;Zl;opömawmfukd azmufzsufjcif;?(2) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfukd azmufzsuf

usL;vGefjcif;?(3) tusihfodu©m ysufjym;jcif;?(4) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif jy|mef;xm;onfh wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf

jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;\t&nftcsif; ysuf,Gif;jcif;?(5) Oya't&ay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;ukd ausyGefpGmraqmif&Gufjcif;/

( c ) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tay:azmfjyygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGyfpGJjypfwifvkdygu oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fpkpkaygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qkH;av;ykHwpfykHu vufrSwfa&;xkd;NyD;rdrdwdkY\pGyfpGJcsufudk oufqkdif&mvTwfawmfOuú|xH wifjy&rnf?

( * ) oufqkdif&m vTwfawmfOuú|onf pkHprf;ppfaq;a&;tzGJUukd zGJUpnf;ípGyfpGJcsufukd pkHprf;ppfaq;ap&rnf/ pkHprf;ppfaq;&rnfh vkyfief;yrmPukdaxmuf½Ií pkHprf;ppfaq;rINyD;pD;&rnfhumvukdvnf; owfrSwfay;&rnf?

108

(d) When the charge is being investigated, the Chief Minister or Minister of

the Region or State shall have the right to defend himself in person or

through a representative.

(e) (i) If an Investigation Body submits its investigation concerning the

impeachment of the Chief Minister or any Minister of the Region

or State by the Region or State Hluttaw concerned, the Speaker

of the Hluttaw shall submit it to the relevant Region or State

Hluttaw.

If, after the investigation, on submitting the findings of the charge

has been substantiated and that Chief Minister or any Minister of

the Region or State is unfit to continue in office by not less than

two-thirds of the total number of representatives of the Hluttaw

concerned which investigated, the Speaker shall submit the

resolution to the President.

(ii) The President, upon receipt of the report, shall remove the

impeached Chief Minister or Minister of the Region or State.

(iii) If the Hluttaw concerned resolves that the charge has been failed,

the Speaker of the Hluttaw shall submit the resolution to the

President.

Resignation, termination of office, filling the vacancy of the Chief Minister or

Minister of the Region or State

264. (a) The Chief Minister or any Minister of the Region or State may resign from

office on his own volition due to a certain reason before expiry of the term

of office, after submitting his written resignation to the President.

109

(C) pGyfpGJcsufukdpkHprf;ppfaq;onfhtcg pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;cH&aom wkdif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;tm; ukd,fwdkifaomfvnf;aumif;? ukd,fpm;vS,fjzihfaomfvnf;aumif; acsycGihfay;&rnf?

( i ) (1) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tay: oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf okdYr[kwfjynfe,fvTwfawmf\ pGyfpGJjypfwifrIESihfpyfvsOf;í pkHprf;ppfaq;a&;tzGJUu pkHprf;ppfaq;awGU&Sdcsufrsm;ukd wifjyvmvQif vTwfawmfOuú|onf oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; vTwfawmf okdYr[kwfjynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY wifjy&rnf/ oufqkdif&m vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fpkpkaygif;OD;a& tenf;qkH;okH;ykHESpfykHu pGyfpGJjypfwifrIonfrSefuefí pGyfpGJcH&olonf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf 0efBuD;&mxl;wGif qufvufxrf;&Gufap&efroifhaMumif;qkH;jzwfvQif Ouú|onf xkdqkH;jzwfcsufudk EkdifiHawmfor®wxH wifjytpD&ifcH&rnf?

(2) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf wifjycsuf&&SdvQif pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;cH&onfhwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;tm;&mxl;rS&yfpJ&rnf?

(3) pGyfpGJjypfwifrIonf rrSefuefaMumif; oufqkdkif&mvTwfawmfuqkH;jzwfvQif xkdokdYqkH;jzwfaMumif;ukd vTwfawmfOuú|onfEkdifiHawmfor®wxH wifjytpD&ifcH&rnf/

wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;wpfOD;OD; EkwfxGufjcif;?wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;wpfOD;OD; EkwfxGufjcif;?wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;wpfOD;OD; EkwfxGufjcif;?wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;wpfOD;OD; EkwfxGufjcif;?wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;wpfOD;OD; EkwfxGufjcif;?wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifY vpfvyf&mxl;ae&m jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifY vpfvyf&mxl;ae&m jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifY vpfvyf&mxl;ae&m jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifY vpfvyf&mxl;ae&m jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifY vpfvyf&mxl;ae&m jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;264/ (u) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;onf

&mxl;oufwrf;rukefqkH;rD taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh rdrdoabm qEtavsmuf &mxl;rSEkwfxGufvkdvQif xkdodkYEkwfxGufvkdaMumif; EkdifiHawmfor®wxH pmjzihfwifjyNyD; &mxl;rSEkwfxGufEkdifonf?

109

(b) The President shall :

(i) direct to resign the Chief Minister or Minister of the Region or

State who cannot discharge his duties efficiently. If he fails to

comply, he shall be terminated from his duties;

(ii) co-ordinate with the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services

concerning the Denfence Services personnel who is Minister of

the Region or State who has to resign or be terminated from his

duties.

(c) If the office of the Chief Minister or Ministers of the Region or State

becomes vacant due to resignation, removal from office, death or any

other reason, the President shall have the right to appoint and assign duties

to a new Chief Minister of the Region or State in accord with the provisions

of the Constitution relating to the appointment of the Chief Minister or

Ministers of the Region or State. The term of the newly appointed Chief

Minister or Ministers of the Region or State shall be the same as the

remaining term of the President.

(d) Duties, powers and rights of the Chief Minister and Ministers of the Region

or State shall be prescribed by law.

Advocate-General of the Region or Advocate-General of the State

265. The Advocate-General of the Region or the Advocate-General of the State shall

be called the Advocate-General of the Region or the Advocate-General of the State.

The Appointment of the Advocate-General of the Region or State

266. (a) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall, with the approval of the

Region or State Hluttaw concerned, appoint a person from among the

Region or State Hluttaw representatives or from those who are not the

110

( c ) EkddifiHawmfor®wonf –(1) vkyfief;wm0efukd ausyGefpGmrxrf;aqmifEkdifaom wkdif;a'oBuD;

okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;tm; &mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&ef ñTefMum;Ekdifonf/ ñTefMum;onfhtwkdif; vkdufemjcif;rjyKvQif wm0efrS&yfpJ&rnf?

(2) &mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&rnfh ok d Yr[kwf wm0efrS&yfpJcH&rnfhwyfrawmfom; wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;ESifhywfoufvQif wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfESifh n§dEdIif;aqmif&Guf&rnf/

( * ) &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;aMumifhjzpfap? wm0efrS&yfpJcH&jcif;aMumihfjzpfap?uG,fvGefjcif;aMumifhjzpfap? tjcm;taMumif;wpfckckaMumifhjzpfapwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;&mxl;ae&mvpfvyfvQif EkdifiHawmfor®wonf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf 0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg oufqkdif&mjy|mef;csufrsm;ESihftnDvpfvyfonfh&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;Ekdifonf/ xkdodkY jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;cH&onfh yk*d¾Kvf\ &mxl;oufwrf;onf EkdifiHawmfor®w\usef&Sdonfh&mxl;oufwrf;twGufom jzpfap&rnf?

(C) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfESihf 0efBuD;rsm;\wm0efrsm;?vkyfykdifcGihfrsm;ESifY &ykdifcGifhrsm;udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrSwf&rnf/

wkdif;a'oBuD;Oya'csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyfwkdif;a'oBuD;Oya'csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyfwkdif;a'oBuD;Oya'csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyfwkdif;a'oBuD;Oya'csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyfwkdif;a'oBuD;Oya'csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf265/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f\a&SUaecsKyfudk wkdif;a'oBuD;Oya'csKyf okdYr[kwfjynfe,fOya'csKyf[k ac:a0:&rnf/

wkdif;a'oBuD;Oya'csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;wkdif;a'oBuD;Oya'csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;wkdif;a'oBuD;Oya'csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;wkdif;a'oBuD;Oya'csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;wkdif;a'oBuD;Oya'csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;266/ (u) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf Oya'tBuHÓPfrsm;

&,lEkdif&efESihf Oya'qkdif&mwm0efrsm;ay;Ekdif&ef vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;xJujzpfap? vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fr[kwfolrsm;xJujzpfap

110

Hluttaw representatives having the following qualifications as the

Advocate General of the Region or State to obtain legal advice and assign

duties on legal matters :

(i) person who has attained the age of 40 years;

(ii) person who has qualifications, with the exception of age limit, as

the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives , prescribed in Section 120;

(iii) persons whose qualification does not breach the provisions under

Section 121 which disqualify a person from standing for election

as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;

(iv) (aa) person who has served as a judicial officer or law officer

for at least five years not lower than that of the Region or

State High Court; or person who has served as a judicial

officer or law officer for at least 10 years not lower than

that of the District Level;

(bb) person who has been an advocate for at least 15 years.

(v) person loyal to the Union and its citizens.

(b) The President, with the approval of the Hluttaw shall appoint a person

from among Hluttaw representatives as the Advocate-General of the Region

or State.

(c) The appointment of a person as the Advocate-General of the Region or

State nominated by the Chief Minister of the Region or State, to be

appointed as the Advocate-General of the Region or State shall not be

refused by the Region or State Hluttaw concerned unless it can clearly be

111

atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkHolwpfOD;OD;tm; wkdif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;Ekdifa&;twGufoufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY wifjyoabmwlnDcsuf&,lí EkdifiHawmfor®wxH wifjy&rnf -(1) touf 40 ESpf jynfhNyD;ol?(2) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh

jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;aomt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkHol?

(3) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifhr&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf; NidpGef;jcif;r&Sdol?

(4) (uu) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftqihfxufredrfhaomw&m;a&;t&m&Sd odkYr[kwf Oya't&m&Sd&mxl;wGiftenf;qkH; ig;ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhol okdYr[kwfc½kdiftqihfxufredrfhaom w&m;a&;t&m&Sd okdYr[kwfOya't&m&Sd&mxl;wGif tenf;qkH; 10 ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhol okdYr[kwf

( c c ) w&m;vTwfawmfa&SUaejzpfvQif tenf;qkH; 15 ESpf trIvkdufygaqmif&GufcJhol/

(5) EkdifiHawmfESifh EkdifiHom;rsm;tay: opöm&Sdol/( c ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyftjzpf

wm0efay;tyf&ef oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu oufqkdif&mvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufjzifh wifjyvmonfh yk*d¾Kvftm; wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyftjzpfcefYtyfwm0efay;&rnf?

( * ) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyftwGuf owfrSwfxm;aomt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifhrjynfhpkHaMumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkdifygu oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okd Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf oufqkdif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfh

111

proved that the person concerned does not meet the qualifications of the

Advocate-General of the Region or State.

(d) The Chief Minister of the Region or State has the right to submit again the

list for the appointment of a person as the Advocate-General of the Region

or State to the Region or State Hluttaw concerned instead of the one who

has not been approved by the Region or State Hluttaw.

(e) The Advocate-General of the Region or State is a member of the

Government of the Region or State concerned.

(f) The Advocate-General of the Region or State shall :

(i) be responsible to the President through the Chief Minister of the

Region or State concerned;

(ii) be responsible to the relevant Advocate-General of the Union or

the relevant Chief Minister of the Region or State.

Impeachment of the Advocate-General of the Region or State

267. If there is a need to impeach the Advocate-General of the Region or State, the

same procedure for the impeachment of the Chief Minister or any Minister of the Region

or State under Section 263 shall be applied.

Resignation, termination of office, filling vacancy of the Advocate-General of the

Region or State

268. The Advocate-General of the Region or State is, subject to provisions of Sections

262 (n) and 264 prescribed for the relevant Chief Minister or the relevant Ministers of the

Region or State concerning resignation, termination of office, filling the vacancy and deeming

the person to have retired in case he is a Civil Services personnel.

112

yk*d¾Kvftm; wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fcGifhr&Sdap&?

(C) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,fOya'csKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,fvTwfawmf\oabmwlnDcsufr&&Sdonfh yk*d¾Kvftpm; trnfpm&if;opfukd oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f vTGwfawmfodkYxyfrHwifoGif;cGihf&Sdonf?

( i ) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyfonf oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJU0if jzpfonf?

( p ) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyfonf -(1) oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfrSwpfqifh

EkdifiHawmfor®wtm; wm0efcH&rnf?(2) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftm;vnf;aumif;? oufqk dif&m

wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyftm;vnf;aumif;wm0efcH&rnf/

wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;267/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwif&efudpö ay:aygufvQif wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;qkdif&m yk'fr 263 yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&rnf/

wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf\ &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrSwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf\ &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrSwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf\ &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrSwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf\ &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrSwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf\ &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyfonfh&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyfonfh&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyfonfh&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyfonfh&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyfonfh&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;268/ &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;? vpfvyfonfh&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;? EkdifiHh0efxrf;jzpfygu tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,ljcif;wkdYESifhpyfvsOf; íwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf 0efBuD;rsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;onfhyk'fr 262 (¡)ESifY 264 yg jy|mef;csufrsm;onf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyfESihfvnf; oufqkdifap&rnf/

112

269. Duties, powers and rights of the Advocate-General of the Region or State shall be

prescribed by law.

Auditor-General of the Region or Auditor-General of the State

270. The Auditor-General of the Region or State shall be called the Auditor-General of

the Region or Auditor-General of the State.

Appointment of the Auditor-General of the Region or the Auditor-General of the

State

271. (a) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall appoint a person from

Hluttaw representatives or from those who are not Hluttaw representatives,

who has the following qualifications, with the approval of the relevant

Region or State Hluttaw as the Auditor-General of the Region or State so

as to audit the Region or State budget and report it:

(i) person who has attained the age of 40 years;

(ii) person who has qualifications, with the exception of age limit, as

the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives prescribed in Section 120;

(iii) persons whose qualifications does not breach the provisions under

Section 121 which disqualify a person from standing for election

as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;

(iv) (aa) person who has served as an auditor of the Region or

State for at least five years not lower than that of the Region

or State Level; or person who has served as an auditor at

least 10 years not lower than that of the District Level; or

(bb) person who has served as a Registered Accountant or a

Certified Public Accountant for at least 15 years;

(v) person who is loyal to the Union and its citizens .

113

269/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf\ wm0efrsm;? vkyfykdifcGihfrsm;ESifh&ykdifcGifhrsm;ukd Oya'jy|mef;owfrSwf&rnf/

wkdif;a'oBuD;pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyfwkdif;a'oBuD;pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyfwkdif;a'oBuD;pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyfwkdif;a'oBuD;pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyfwkdif;a'oBuD;pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf270/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f\pm&if;ppfcsKyfudk wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf [kac:a0:&rnf/

wkdif;a'oBuD;pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;wkdif;a'oBuD;pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;wkdif;a'oBuD;pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;wkdif;a'oBuD;pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;wkdif;a'oBuD;pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;271/ (u) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ft&tokH;aiGpm&if;rsm;ukd ppfaq;í

oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfokdY wifjyEkdif&efwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf vTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm; xJujzpfap? vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fr[kwfolrsm;xJujzpfapatmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkHolwpfOD;OD;tm; wkdif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;Ekdifa&;twGufoufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfokdY wifjyoabmwlnDcsuf&,lí EkdifiHawmfor®wxH wifjy&rnf -(1) touf 40 ESpf jynfhNyD;ol?(2) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh

jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;aomt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkHol?

(3) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifhr&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf; NidpGef;jcif;r&Sdol?

(4) (uu) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppft&m&Sdxufredrfhaom&mxl;wGif tenf;qkH; ig;ESpf aqmif&GufcJholokdYr[kwf c½kdiftqihfpm&if;ppft&m&Sdxuf redrfhaom&mxl;wGif tenf;qkH; 10 ESpf aqmif&GufcJhol okdYr[kwf

( c c ) rSwfykHwifpm&if;ukdif odkYr[kwf vufrSwf&jynfolYpm&if;ukdiftjzpf tenf;qkH; 15 ESpf aqmif&GufcJhol/

(5) EkdifiHawmfESifh EkdifiHom;rsm;tay: opöm&Sdol/

113

(b) The President shall appoint the person submitted by the relevant Chief

Minister of the Region or State with the approval of the Hluttaw concerned

as the Auditor-General of the Region or State.

(c) The person nominated by the Chief Minister of the Region or State

concerned to be appointed as the Auditor-General of the Region or State

shall not be refused by the Region or State Hluttaw concerned unless it

can clearly be proved that the person concerned is not qualified to be the

Auditor-General of the Region or State.

(d) The Chief Minister of the Region or State has the right to submit again the

new list for the appointment of a person as the Auditor-General of the

Region or State to the Region or State Hluttaw concerned instead of the

one who has not been approved by the Region or State Hluttaw.

(e) The Auditor-General of the Region or State shall :

(i) be responsible to the President through the Chief Minister of the

Region or State concerned;

(ii) be responsible to the Auditor-General of the Union and to the

Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned.

Impeachment of the Auditor-General of the Region or the Auditor-General of the

State

272. If there is a need to impeach the Auditor-General of the Region or State, the same

procedure for the impeachment of the Chief Minister or any Minister of the Region or

State under Section 263 shall be applied.

114

( c ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyftjzpfwm0efay;tyf&ef oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f 0efBuD;csKyfuoufqkdif&mvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufjzihf wifjyvmonfhyk*d¾Kvftm;wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&rnf?

( * ) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyftwGuf owfrSwfxm;aom t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifhrjynfhpkHaMumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkdifyguoufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okd Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonfoufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfhyk*d¾Kvftm; wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fcGifhr&Sdap&?

(C) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwfjynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwfjynfe,fvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufr&&Sdonhf yk*¾dKvftpm; trnfpm&if;opfudk oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkYxyfrHwifoGif;cGihf&Sdonf?

( i ) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyfonf -(1) oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfrSwpfqifh

EkdifiHawmfor®wtm; wm0efcH&rnf?(2) jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftm; vnf;aumif;? oufqkdif&m

wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyftm; vnf;aumif;wm0efcH&rnf/

wkdif;a'oBuD; pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;wkdif;a'oBuD; pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;wkdif;a'oBuD; pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;wkdif;a'oBuD; pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;wkdif;a'oBuD; pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;272/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwif&ef udpöay:aygufvQif wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tm;pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;qdkif&m yk'fr 263 yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&rnf/

114

Resignation, termination of office, filling the vacancy of the Auditor-General of

the Region or the Auditor-General of the State

273. The Auditor-General of the Region or State is, subject to provisions of Section

264 prescribed for the Chief Minister or Ministers of the Region or State concerning

resignation, termination of office, filling the vacancy and deeming as the person to have

retired in case he is a Civil Services personnel.

274. Duties, powers and rights of the Auditor-General of the Region or State shall be

prescribed by law.

Administrative Body of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone

275. The Administrative Body of Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone

shall be called the leading body of the Self-Administered Division or leading body of the

Self-Administered Zone.

Formation of Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division and the Self-

Administered Zone

276. (a) Being Self-Administered Areas, the Self-Administered Division and the

Self-Administered Zones are of equal status.

(b) Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division and the Self-

Administered Zone are formed respectively in each and every Self-

Administered Division and the Self-Administered Zone. Such Leading

Bodies exercise legislative power vested under the Schedule Three of the

Constitution.

(c) Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or the Self-Administered

Zone shall consist of at least 10 members.

115

wkdif;a'oBuD;pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf&mxl;rS EkwfxGufjcif;?wkdif;a'oBuD;pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf&mxl;rS EkwfxGufjcif;?wkdif;a'oBuD;pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf&mxl;rS EkwfxGufjcif;?wkdif;a'oBuD;pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf&mxl;rS EkwfxGufjcif;?wkdif;a'oBuD;pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf&mxl;rS EkwfxGufjcif;?wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyfonfh&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyfonfh&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyfonfh&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyfonfh&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyfonfh&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;273/ &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;? vpfvyfonfh&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;? EkdifihH0efxrf;jzpfygu tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,ljcif;wkdYESifhpyfvsOf;íwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;rsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;onfhyk'fr 264 yg jy|mef;csufrsm;onf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyfESifhvnf;oufqkdifap&rnf/

274/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf\ wm0efrsm;? vkyfykdifcGifhrsm;ESifh&ykdifcGifhrsm;udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrSwf&rnf/

ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJUESifh ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJUESifh ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJUESifh ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJUESifh ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJUESifh ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJU

275/ ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& wkdif; okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o\ tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUukdukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJU okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJU[kac:a0:&rnf/

ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJUESihf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJUESihf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJUESihf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJUESihf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJUESihf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;276/ (u) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;ESihf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'owkdYonf ukd,fykdif

tkyfcsKyfcGihf&pD&ifpkrsm;jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm tqifhtwef;wlnDMuonf?( c ) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;ESihf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'orsm;wGif ukd,fykdif

tkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJU ESifh ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUrsm;toD;oD;zGJUpnf;xm;&Sdonf/ ,if;OD;pD;tzGJUrsm;onf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'Z,m; 3 t& cGJa0tyfESif;onfh Oya'jyKa&;tmPmukd usifhokH;onf?

( * ) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJU okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUwGif tzGJU0ifOD;a& tenf;qkH; 10 OD; yg0ifap&rnf?

115

(d) Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or the Self-Administered

Zone shall be formed with the following persons :

(i) Region or State Hluttaw representatives elected from townships

in the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone

concerned;

(ii) the Defence Services personnel representatives nominated by the

Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services to assign duties

relating to Security or Border Affairs;

(iii) Additional representatives selected by persons stated in Sub-

Section (d) (i) and (ii).

(e) Members of the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or the

Self-Administered Zone stated in above Sub-Section (d)(i) and (ii) shall,

after co-ordinating among themselves, select a suitable person as the

Chairperson of the Self-Administered Division or the Self-Administered

Zone from the Region or State Hluttaw representatives elected from the

townships in the Self-Administered Division or the Self-Administered Zone.

The name of the person so elected shall be submitted to the President

through the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned.

(f) The President shall appoint the person who is nominated as the Chairperson

of the Self-Administered Division or the Self-Administered Zone

concerned.

(g) The Chairperson of the Self-Administered Division or the Self-

Administered Zone is the ex-officio Minister in the Region or State

concerned. Except for the method of the appointment of the Minister of

the Region or State, the other provisions of the Constitution shall be applied

to the Chairperson of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered

Zone.

116

(C) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJU okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUukd atmufygyk*d¾Kvfrsm;jzifh zJGJUpnf;&rnf –(1) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o

twGif;&Sd NrdKUe,frsm;rS a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;aomwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;?

(2) vkHNcKHa&;wm0efjzpfap? e,fpyfa&;&mwm0efjzpfap ay;tyfEkdif&efwyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu Oya'ESifhtnD trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfh wyfrawmfom;ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;?

(3) yk'frcGJi,f (1) ESifh (2) yg yk*d¾Kvfrsm;u a&G;cs,fjznfhpGufcefYxm;onfh ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;/

( i ) yk'frcGJ (C) yk'frcGJi,f (1) ESifh (2) yg ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wkdif; odkYr[kwfukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o OD;pD;tzGJU0ifrsm;onf rdrdwdkYtcsif;csif;n§d EdIif;vsuf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wkdif; okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'otwGif;&Sd NrdKUe,frsm;rS a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;aom vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;teuf oifhavsmfolwpfOD;tm; ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; Ouú| okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o Ouú|tjzpfa&G;cs,f&rnf/ xkdokdY a&G;cs,fonfh yk*d¾Kvf\trnfpm&if;ukd oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfrSwpfqifh EdkifiHawmfor®wxHwifjy&rnf?

( p ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;vmonfh yk*d¾Kvftm;oufqkdif&mukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;Ouú| odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOuú|tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&rnf?

(q) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;Ouú| odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOuú|onf &mxl;tavsmuf oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,f0efBuD;jzpfonf/ odkYjzpfí zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGifyg&Sdaomwdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;ESifh oufqdkifonfhjy|mef;csufrsm;teuf cefYtyfonfhenf;vrf;rSvGJí usefjy|mef;csufrsm;onfukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;Ouú| odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o Ouú|ESifhoufqkdifap&rnf?

116

(h) The Chairperson of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered

Zone and members of the Leading Body concerned shall:

(i) except the National races who have already obtained the Self-

Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone concerned

residing in the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered

Zone concerned, if they are National races that are deemed by

the authority concerned to have a population of over 10,000,

from the remaining National races, each representative of the said

National races shall be elected and appointed as a member of the

Leading Body. The elected member of the Leading Body shall

have the prescribed qualifications of Hluttaw representatives of

the Region or State under Section 169;

(ii) if the number of members of the Leading Body of the Self-

Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone is less than 10

members, the required number of members from those residing in

the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone

concerned and who have qualifications prescribed for the Region

or State Hluttaw representatives shall be elected and appointed

to fill up 10 members as they desire.

(i) The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services shall assign the duties

to the one-fourth of the total number of members with the Defence Services

personnels in the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or

Self-Administered Zone, as necessary.

( j) The Defence Services personnel, nominated in accord with the law

by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services, to be assigned as

the members of the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or

117

( Z ) oufqkdif&m ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;Ouú| odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOuú|ESifh OD;pD;tzGJU0ifrsm;onf –(1) oufqkdif&mukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyf

cGihf&a'otwGif;aexkdifMuonfh oufqkdif&m ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o &&SdNyD;aomwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;rSty usefwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;teufavsmfuefoihfjrwfaomvlOD;a&jzpfonfh vlOD;a&tenf;qkH;10000 ESihftxuf&SdaMumif; oufqkdif&mu owfrSwfonfhwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;&SdvQif ,if;wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;ukd,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;uspDukd OD;pD;tzJGU0iftjzpf a&G;cs,fcefYxm;&rnf/ ,if;okdYa&G;cs,fcefYxm;jcif;cH&aom OD;pD;tzJGU0ifonf yk'fr 169 ygwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;onfh t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkH&rnf?

(2) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUwGif tzGJU0ifOD;a& 10 OD; rjynfhao;ygutzGJU0ifOD;a& tenf;qkH; 10 OD; jynfhap&ef vkdtyfonfhtzGJU0ifOD;a&ukd oufqkdif&m ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwfukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'otwGif; aexkdifolrsm;xJrS yk'fr169ygwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;onhf t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifhjynfhpkHaomoihfavsmfonfh yk*d¾Kvfrsm;tm; rdrdwkdYoabmqE´tavsmufa&G;cs,f jznfhpGufcefYxm;&rnf/

(ps) wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfonf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& wkdif;OD;pD;tzJGUESifh ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUwkdYwGif OD;pD;tzGJU0ifpkpkaygif;\av;ykHwpfykHjzpfonfh OD;pD;tzJGU0ifOD;a&ukd wyfrawmfom;rsm;jzifhvkdtyfovkdjznfhpGufwm0efay;Ekdifonf?

(n) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJU0ifrsm;tjzpfwm0efay;tyf&ef wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfuOya'ESifhtnD trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfh wyfrawmfom;rsm;onf

117

Self-Administered Zone shall have qualifications of the Region or State

Hluttaw representatives.

(k) (i) The Chairperson of the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered

Division or Self-Administered Zone concerned shall declare the

name of the members of the Leading Bodies of the Self-

Administered Division or Self- Administered Zone.

(ii) The Chairperson of the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered

Division or Self- Administered Zone shall be responsible to the

Region or State Chief Minister concerned, and to the President

through the Chief Minister concerned.

(iii) Members of Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or

Self-Administered Zone shall be responsible to their Chairperson.

(iv) The term of office, taking action, resignation, termination of duty

and filling the vacancy of the Chairperson of the Leading Bodies

of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone

shall be prescribed by law.

(l) Duties, powers and rights of the Chairperson and members of the Leading

Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone

shall be perscribed by law.

Executive Powers of the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or

Self-Administered Zone

277. Subject to provisions of the Constitution, the Self- executive power of the Leading

Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone extend to the following

matters :

(a) on which the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-

Administered Zone has power to make law under Schedule Three;

(b) on which the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-

Administered Zone has power to implement in accord with any law

enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;

118

wkdif;a'oBuD; odk Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;\t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkH&rnf?

( # ) (1) oufqkdif&m ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJUOuú| odkYr[kwfukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUOuú|onf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJU0ifrsm;\trnfpm&if;ukd aMunm&rnf?

(2) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUOuú|onf oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwfjynfe,f0efBuD;csKyftm;vnf;aumif;? oufqkdif&m0efBuD;csKyfrSwpfqifh EkdifiHawmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif; wm0efcH&rnf?

(3) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJU0ifrsm;onf ,if;wkdY\Ouú|tm; wm0efcH&rnf?

(4) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUOuú|ESihf tzGJU0ifwkdYESifhywfoufí &mxl;oufwrf;owfrSwfjcif;? ta&;,ljcif;? &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;? vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mrsm;wGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;wkdYtwGuf Oya'jy|mef;owfrSwfay;&rnf/

(X) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o Ouú|ESihfOD;pD;tzJGU0ifwkdY\ wm0efrsm;? vkyfykdifcGihfrsm;ESifh &ykdifcGihfrsm;ukd Oya'jy|mef;owfrSwfay;&rnf/

ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJU okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJU okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJU okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJU okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJU okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUrsm;\ tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPmrsm;\ tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPmrsm;\ tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPmrsm;\ tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPmrsm;\ tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPm277/ zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhrqefYusifvQif udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzGJU\ udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfrItmPmonf atmufygudpö&yfrsm;odkY oufa&mufysHUESHYonf –

(u) Z,m; 3 yg udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUu Oya'jyKcGifh&Sdonfh udpö&yfrsm;?

( c ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfujy|mef;onfh Oya'wpf&yf&yft& udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD; tzGJUtm;aqmif&GufcGifhjyKonfhudpö&yfrsm;?

118

(c) on which the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-

Administered Zone has power to implement in accord with any law enacted

by the Region or State Hluttaw concerned.

278. The Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone

shall be responsible to assist the Union Government in preserving stability of the Union,

community peace and tranquillity and prevalence of law and order.

279. The Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self- Administered

Zone shall :

(a) subject to the policies of the Union Government draw work programmes

for the development of their territory and shall co-ordinate with the Region

or State Government concerned;

(b) draw annual budgets and co-ordinate for approval with the Region or

State Government concerned in accord with the provisions of the

Constitutions;

(c) have the right to expend the allotted fund included in the Budget Law of

the Region or State Government concerned in accord with the rules;

(d) have the right to expend within the permitted framework to the general

expenditure included in the last-enacted Budget Law of the Region or

State Hluttaw if the Region or State Hluttaw is unable to pass the Region

or State Budget Bill submitted by the Region or State Government.

119

( * ) oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu jy|mef;onfhOya'wpf&yf&yft& udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwfudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUtm; aqmif&GufcGifhjyKonfhudpö&yfrsm;/

278/ udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUonf jynfaxmifpktpdk;&u EdkifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhw&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;udk xdef;odrf;apmihfa&Smuf&mwGif ulnD&efwm0ef&Sdonf/

279/ udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUonf -

(u) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&\ rl0g'rsm;ESifhrqefYusifapbJ rdrde,fajra'otwGif;bufpHkzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufEdkif&efvkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;udka&;qGJvsuf oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwfjynfe,ftpdk;&ESifh n§dEdIif;xm;&Sd&rnf?

( c ) ESpfpOft&toHk; cefYrSef;ajcaiGpm&if;udka&;qGJvsuf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwfjynfe,f tpdk;&ESifhn§dEdIif;í oabmwlnDcsuf&,l&rnf?

( * ) oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f\b@maiG t&toHk;qdkif&mOya'yg rdrdESifhoufqdkifonfhcGifhjyKb@maiGudk owfrSwfxm;onfhb@ma&;pnf;rsOf; pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD oHk;pGJcGifh&Sdonf?

(C) b@ma&;ESpfrukefqHk;rD oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu b@maiGt&toHk;qdkif&mOya'udk jy|mef;jcif;rjyKEdkifojzifhoufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&xHrS b@maiGt&toHk;qdkif&mcGifhjyKcsufudk tcsdefrDr&&Sdygu wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwfjynfe,fvTwfawmfu aemufqHk;jy|mef;xm;onfh b@maiG t&toHk;qdkif&m Oya'ygcGifhjyKxm;onfh omreftoHk;p&dwfabmiftwGif; oHk;pGJcGifh&Sdonf/

119

280. The Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone

may, in accord with the law, supervise, co-operate and co-ordinate the functions of the

Civil Services organizations which are performing the duties within their territory.

281. The Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone

shall submit reports of the general situations of their territory to the Union Government and

the Region or State Government concerned.

282. The Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone

shall perform the functions which are occasionally assigned by the Union Government and

the Region or State Government concerned.

Office of the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-

Administered Zone

283. The Head of General Administration Department of the Leading Bodies of the

Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone shall serve as the Secretary of the

Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone. Moreover,

the General Administration Department of the Self-Administered Division or Self-

Administered Zone is also the Office of the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered

Division or Self-Administered Zone.

Administration of Nay Pyi Taw , the Union Territory

284. (a) Nay Pyi Taw which is the Union Territory, shall consist of all districts and

townships that are Nay Pyi Taw development territory, on the day the

Constitution come into operation.

(b) The President may change, if necessary, the demarcation of districts and

townships in Nay Pyi Taw which is the Union Territory.

120

280/ udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUonfrdrde,fajra'otwGif; wm0efxrf;aqmifvsuf&Sdaom e,fbuf0efxrf;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk Oya'ESifhtnD BuD;Muyfjcif;? aygif;pyf n§dEdIif;jcif;jyKEdkifonf/

281/ udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUonfrdrde,fajra'o\ tajctaet&yf&yfESifhpyfvsOf;onfh tpD&ifcHpmudk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&ESifhoufqdkif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&xHodkY wifjy&rnf/

282/ udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzGJUonf jynfaxmifpktpdk;&? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&u tcgtm;avsmfpGmay;tyfvmonfhvkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmif&rnf/

ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzJGU½kH;ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzJGU½kH;ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzJGU½kH;ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzJGU½kH;ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzJGU½kH;283/ oufqdkif&mukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'otaxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;XmetBuD;trSL;onf &mxl;tavsmuf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzJGU\twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif&Guf&rnf/xkdYjyif ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xmeonf oufqkdif&mukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o OD;pD;tzJGU½kH;vnf; jzpfonf/

jynfaxmifpke,fajrjzpfonfh aejynfawmftkyfcsKyfa&;jynfaxmifpke,fajrjzpfonfh aejynfawmftkyfcsKyfa&;jynfaxmifpke,fajrjzpfonfh aejynfawmftkyfcsKyfa&;jynfaxmifpke,fajrjzpfonfh aejynfawmftkyfcsKyfa&;jynfaxmifpke,fajrjzpfonfh aejynfawmftkyfcsKyfa&;284/ (u) jynfaxmifpke,fajrjzpfonfh aejynfawmfwGif zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'

tmPmoufa&mufonfhaeYü wnf&Sdaeaom aejynfawmfpnfyifom,ma&;e,fedrdwftwGif;&Sd c½kdifESifhNrdKUe,frsm; tm;vHk;yg0ifonf?

( c ) EdkifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpke,fajrjzpfonfh aejynfawmftwGif;&Sdc½kdifESifhNrdKUe,frsm;ukd vkdtyfovkd jyifqifowfrSwfEdkifonf/

120

Formation of the Nay Pyi Taw Council

285. (a) The Chairperson and members of the Nay Pyi Taw Council shall have the

following qualifications :

(i) person who has attained the age of 35 years ;

(ii) person who has qualifications, with the exception of age limit,

entitled to be elected as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives prescribed

in Section 120;

(iii) persons whose qualifications does not breach the provisions under

Section 121 which disqualify a person from standing for election

as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;

(iv) who have other qualifications prescribed by the President.

(b) The President :

(i) shall form a Nay Pyi Taw Council;

(ii) shall appoint persons who have the prescribed qualifications as

Chairperson and members of Nay Pyi Taw Council;

(iii) shall obtain the nomination of suitable Defence Services personnel

who have prescribed qualifications for appointment as Council

member or members from the Commander-in-Chief of the

Defence Services for co-ordination of Security matters of

Nay Pyi Taw which is the Union Territory;

(iv) may prescribe the number of members, including the Chairperson,

to serve in Nay Pyi Taw Council in accord with the law as

necessary.

(c) The Chairperson of the Nay Pyi Taw Council shall be responsible to the

President and the members shall be responsible to the Chairperson of the

Nay Pyi Taw Council and the President through the Chairperson of the

Nay Pyi Taw Council.

121

aejynfawmfaumifpD zGJUpnf;jcif;aejynfawmfaumifpD zGJUpnf;jcif;aejynfawmfaumifpD zGJUpnf;jcif;aejynfawmfaumifpD zGJUpnf;jcif;aejynfawmfaumifpD zGJUpnf;jcif;285/ (u) aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|ESifh aumifpD0ifrsm;onf atmufazmfjyyg

t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpHk&rnf –(1) touf 35 ESpf jynfhNyD;ol?(2) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh

jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;aomt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkHol?

(3) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifhr&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf; NidpGef;jcif;r&Sdol?

(4) EdkifiHawmfor®wu owfrSwfaom tjcm;t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifhvnf; jynfhpHkol/

( c ) EdkifiHawmfor®wonf -(1) aejynfawmfaumifpDwpf&yfukd zJGUpnf;xm;&Sd&rnf?(2) yk'frcGJ (u) wGif azmfjyowfrSwfxm;aom t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh

jynfhpHkonfhyk*¾Kdvfrsm;ukd aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|ESifh aumifpD0ifrsm;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&rnf?

(3) jynfaxmifpke,fajrjzpfonfh aejynfawmf\ vHkNcHKa&;qkdif&mudpö&yfrsm;ukd nd§EIdif;aygif;pyfay;Edkifa&;twGuf aumifpD0ifokdYr[kwf aumifpD0ifrsm;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfEdkif&ef wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfxHrS owfrSwft&nftcsif;ESifh jynfhpkHonhfoihfavsmfaom wyfrawmfom; okdYr[kwf wyfrawmfom;rsm;\trnfpm&if;ukd &,l&rnf?

(4) aejynfawmfaumifpDwGif Ouú|tygt0if tzJGU0ifOD;a&ukdOya'ESifhtnD vkdtyfovkdowfrSwfEdkifonf/

( * ) aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|onf EdkifiHawmfor®wtm; vnf;aumif;?aumifpD0ifrsm;onf aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|ESifh aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|rSwpfqifh EdkifiHawmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif; wm0efcH&rnf?

121

(d) If the Chairperson or a member of the Nay Pyi Taw Council is a

representative of a Hluttaw, it shall be deemed that he has resigned from

the day he is appointed as Chairperson or a member of the Nay Pyi Taw

Council.

(e) If the Chairperson or a member of the Nay Pyi Taw Council is a Civil

Services personnel, it shall be deemed that he has retired according to the

existing Civil Services rules and regulations from the day he is appointed

as the Chairperson or a member of the Nay Pyi Taw Council.

(f) The Defence Services personnel who are appointed as a member or

members of the Nay Pyi Taw Council, to co-ordinate Security Affairs,

are not required to retire or resign from the Defence Services.

(g) If the Chairperson or a member of the Nay Pyi Taw Council is a member

of any political party, he shall not take part in its party activities during the

term from the day he is appointed as the Chairperson or a member of the

Nay Pyi Taw Council.

Resignation, termination of office, filling the vacancy of the Chairperson and

members of the Nay Pyi Taw Council

286. (a) (i) The term of the Chairperson and members of the Nay Pyi Taw

Council is the same as that of the President.

(ii) The Chairperson and any member of the Nay Pyi Taw Council

may resign from office on his own volition due to a certain reason

before expiry of the term of office, after submitting his written

resignation to the President.

122

(C) aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|ESifh aumifpD0ifwpfOD;OD;onf vTwfawmfwpf&yf&yf\ ukd,fpm;vS,fjzpfvQif aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú| okdYr[kwfaumifpD0iftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufNyD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf?

( i ) aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|ESifh aumifpD0ifrsm;onf EdkifiHh0efxrf;jzpfvQifaejynfawmfaumifpDOuú| okdYr[kwf aumifpD0iftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí wnfqJ0efxrf;pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnDEdkifiHh0efxrf;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lNyD; okdYr[kwf EkwfxGufNyD;jzpfonf[krSwf,l&rnf?

( p ) aejynfawmf\ vHkNcHKa&;qkdif&mudpö&yfrsm;ukd aygif;pyfnd§EIdif;ay;Edkifa&;twGuf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh wyfrawmfom;aejynfawmfaumifpD0if okdYr[kwf aumifpD0ifrsm;onf wyfrawmfrSEkwfxGuf&efokdYr[kwf tNidrf;pm;,l&efrvkd?

(q) aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú| okd Yr[kwf aumifpD0ifwpfOD;OD;onfEdkifiHa&;ygwDwpfckck\ tzJGU0ifjzpfvQif aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|okdYr[kwf aumifpD0iftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpírdrd&mxl;oufwrf;twGif; ,if;ygwDtzJGUtpnf;\ ygwDvkyfief;rsm;wGifyg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;rjyK&/

aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|ESifh aumifpD0ifrsm;\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSaejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|ESifh aumifpD0ifrsm;\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSaejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|ESifh aumifpD0ifrsm;\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSaejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|ESifh aumifpD0ifrsm;\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSaejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|ESifh aumifpD0ifrsm;\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSEkwfxGufEkwfxGufEkwfxGufEkwfxGufEkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;jcif;jcif;jcif;jcif;286/ (u) (1) aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|ESifh aumifpD0ifwkdY\ &mxl;oufwrf;

onf omreftm;jzifh EdkifiHawmfor®w\ &mxl;oufwrf; twkdif;jzpfonf?

(2) aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|ESifh aumifpD0ifwpfOD;OD;onf &mxl;oufwrf;rukefqHk;rD taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh rdrdoabmqEtavsmuf &mxl;rSEkwfxGufvkdvQif xdkokdYEkwfxGufvkdaMumif;EdkifiHawmfor®wxH pmjzifhwifjyNyD; &mxl;rSEkwfxGufEdkifonf?

122

(iii) The President may :

(aa) direct the Chairperson and any member of the Nay Pyi

Taw Council to resign if he cannot discharge his duties

efficiently. If he fails to comply, he shall be terminated

from his office;

(bb) co-ordinate with the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence

Services concerning with the Defence Services personnel

who is the member of the Nay Pyi Taw Council and has

to resign or be terminated from office.

(iv) If the office of the Chairperson or member of the Nay Pyi Taw

Council becomes vacant due to resignation, removal from office,

death or any other reason, the President shall have the right to

appoint and assign duties to a new Chairperson or member of the

Nay Pyi Taw Council in accord with the provisions of the

Constitution. The term of the newly appointed Chairperson or

member of the Nay Pyi Taw Council shall be the same as that of

the remaining term of the President .

(b) The formation of Nay Pyi Taw Council, duties, powers and rights of the

Chairperson and members of Nay Pyi Taw Council shall be prescribed

by law.

Office of Nay Pyi Taw Council

287. The Head of General Administration Department of Nay Pyi Taw is ex-officio

the secretary of the Nay Pyi Taw Council. General Administration Department of

Nay Pyi Taw is the office of the Nay Pyi Taw Council.

Administration of district and township

288. Administration of district and township level shall be assigned to the Civil Services

personnel.

123

(3) EdkifiHawmfor®wonf -(uu) ay;tyfonfhwm0efukd ausyGefpGmrxrf;aqmifEdkifaom

aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú| okd Yr[kwf aumifpD0ifwpfOD;OD;tm; &mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&ef ñTefMum;Edkifonf/ñTefMum;onhftwdkif; vdkufemjcif;rjyKvQif wm0efrS&yfpJ&rnf?

( c c ) &mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&rnfh okdYr[kwf wm0efrS&yfpJcH&rnhfwyfrawmfom;aejynfawmfaumifpD0ifESifh ywfoufvQifwyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfESifh nd§EIdif;aqmif&Guf&rnf/

(4) &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;aMumifhjzpfap? wm0efrS&yfpJcH&jcif;aMumifhjzpfap? uG,fvGefjcif;aMumifhjzpfap? tjcm;taMumif; wpfckckaMumifhjzpfap aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú| okdYr[kwf aumifpD0if&mxl;ae&mvpfvyfygu EdkifiHawmfor®wonf zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|topfokdYr[kwf aumifpD0iftopftm; cefYtyfwm0efay;Edkifonf/xkdokdY cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|topf okdYr[kwf aumifpD0iftopf\ &mxl;oufwrf;onfEdkifiHawmfor®w\ usef&Sdonfh&mxl;oufwrf;twGufom jzpfap&rnf/

( c ) aejynfawmfaumifpD zJGUpnf;jcif;? Ouú|ESifhaumifpD0ifrsm;\ wm0efrsm;?vkyfykdifcGifhrsm;ESifh &ykdifcGifhrsm;ukd Oya'jy|mef;owfrSwf&rnf/

aejynfawmfaumifpD½Hk;aejynfawmfaumifpD½Hk;aejynfawmfaumifpD½Hk;aejynfawmfaumifpD½Hk;aejynfawmfaumifpD½Hk;287/ aejynfawmftaxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xme\tBuD;trSL;onf &mxl;tavsmufaejynfawmfaumifpDtwGif;a&;rSL;jzpfonf/ aejynfawmftaxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xmeonf aejynfawmfaumifpD½Hk; jzpfonf/

c½dkifESihf NrdKUe,fftkyfcsKyfa&;c½dkifESihf NrdKUe,fftkyfcsKyfa&;c½dkifESihf NrdKUe,fftkyfcsKyfa&;c½dkifESihf NrdKUe,fftkyfcsKyfa&;c½dkifESihf NrdKUe,fftkyfcsKyfa&;288/ c½dkiftqihfESihf NrdKUe,ftqihfwdkY\tkyfcsKyfa&;udk EdkifiHh0efxrf;rsm;tm; wm0efay;aqmif&Gufap&rnf/

123

Administration of ward and village-tract

289. Administration of ward or village-tract shall be assigned in accord with the law to

a person whose integrity is respected by the community.

Civil Services Personnel

290. Matters relating to the appointment, promotion, retirement, enforcement of rules

and regulations and taking action on the Civil services personnel shall be exercised in

accord with the law.

291. With respect to the Defence Services personnel who are also Civil Services

personnel whose nature of work, is of special significant, they shall be given by the relevant

Military laws.

292. With respect to members of Myanmar Police Force who are also Civil Services

personnel whose nature of work, is of special significant, they shall be given by the specified

law which shall be enacted.

124

&yfuGuf odkYr[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpk tkyfcsKyfa&;&yfuGuf odkYr[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpk tkyfcsKyfa&;&yfuGuf odkYr[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpk tkyfcsKyfa&;&yfuGuf odkYr[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpk tkyfcsKyfa&;&yfuGuf odkYr[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpk tkyfcsKyfa&;289/ &yfuGuf odkYr[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpk\tkyfcsKyfa&;udk &yf&GmuMunfñdkav;pm;NyD;odu©morm"d&Sdonhf yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;OD;udk Oya'ESihftnD cefYtyfwm0efay;aqmif&Gufap&rnf/

EkdifiHh0efxrf;EkdifiHh0efxrf;EkdifiHh0efxrf;EkdifiHh0efxrf;EkdifiHh0efxrf;

290/ EdkifiHh0efxrf;rsm; cefYxm;jcif;? &mxl;wdk;jr§ifhjcif;? tNidrf;pm;,ljcif;? pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;jcif;? trIxrf;pnf;urf;owfrSwfjcif;ESifh ta&;,ljcif;rsm;udk Oya'ESifhtnDaqmif&Guf&rnf/

291/ EdkifiHh0efxrf;jzpfonfh wyfrawmfom;rsm;\ vkyfief;obm0onf xl;jcm;rI&dSonfhtavsmuf wyfrawmfom;rsm;twGuf wyfrawmfqkdif&mOya'rsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&rnf/

292/ EdkifiHh0efxrf;jzpfonfh jrefrmEdkifiH&JwyfzGJU0ifrsm;\ xl;jcm;onfhvkyfief;obm0t&,if;wdkYESifhywfoufí oD;jcm;Oya' jy|mef;aqmif&Guf&rnf/

124

Chapter VIJudiciary

tcef; (6)tcef; (6)tcef; (6)tcef; (6)tcef; (6)w&m;pD&ifa&;w&m;pD&ifa&;w&m;pD&ifa&;w&m;pD&ifa&;w&m;pD&ifa&;

Chapter VI

Judiciary

Formation of Courts

293. Courts of the Union are formed as follows :

(a) Supreme Court of the Union, High Courts of the Region, High Courts of

the State, Courts of the Self-Administered Division, Courts of the Self-

Administered Zone, District Courts, Township Courts and the other Courts

constituted by law;

(b) Courts-Martial;

(c) Constitutional Tribunal of the Union.

Supreme Court of the Union

Constitution of the Supreme Court of the Union

294. In the Union, there shall be a Supreme Court of the Union. Without affecting the

powers of the Constitutional Tribunal and the Courts-Martial, the Superme Court of the

Union is the highest Court of the Union.

Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the Union

295. (a) Only the Supreme Court of the Union has the following original jurisdiction :

(i) in matters arising out of bilateral treaties concluded by the Union;

(ii) in other disputes, except the Constitutional problems, between the Union

Government and the Region or State Governments;

tcef;(6)

w&m;pD&ifa&;

w&m;½kH;rsm;zGJUpnf;jcif;

293/ EkdifiHawmf\ w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&m½kH;rsm;ukd atmufygtwdkif;zGJUpnf;onf

(u) jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf? wkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmfrsm;?

jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfrsm;? ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wkdif; w&m;½kH;rsm;?

ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'ow&m;½kH;rsm;? c½kdifw&m;½kH;rsm;? NrdKUe,f

w&m;½kH;rsm;ESifh Oya't&wnfaxmifaom tjcm;w&m;½kH;rsm;?

( c ) ppfbufqkdif&mw&m;½kH;rsm;?

( * ) EkdifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qkdif&mckH½kH;/

jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf

jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfzGJUpnf;jcif;

294/ EkdifiHawmfwGif jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfwpf&yf xm;&Sdonf/ ppfbuf

qkdif&mw&m;½kH;rsm;ESifh EkdifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qkdif&mckH½kH;\ pD&ifykdifcGifh

tmPmrsm;ukdrxdckdufapbJ jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfonf EkdifiHawmf\

tjrifhqkH;w&m;½kH;jzpfonf/

jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf\ rlvpD&ifykdifcGifhtmPmrsm;

295/ (u) jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfüom atmufygudpö&yfrsm;twGuf

rlvrIpD&ifydkifcGifhtmPmrsm;&Sdonf

(1) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmfu csKyfqdkaom jynfaxmiftcsif;csif;

qdkif&m pmcsKyfrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;íS ay:aygufvmaomudpö&yfrsm;?

(2) jynfaxmifpktpkd;&ESifh wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&

wdkYtMum; jzpfyGm;onfh zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m jyóemrsm;

rSty tjcm;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;?

(iii) in other disputes, except the Constitutional problems, among the

Regions, among the States, between the Region and the State and

between the Union Territory and the Region or the State;

(iv) other matters as prescribed by any law.

(b) As the Supreme Court of the Union is the highest court of the Union, it is the

court of final appeal.

(c) The judgments of the Supreme Court of the Union are final and conclusive

and have no right of appeal.

(d) The Supreme Court of the Union, subject to any provision of the Constitution

or any provision of other law, has the appellate jurisdiction to decide judgments

passed by the High Courts of the Regions or the States. Moreover, the

Supreme Court of the Union also has the appellate jurisdiction to decide

judgments passed by the other courts in accord with the law.

(e) The Supreme Court of the Union has the revisional jurisdiction in accord

with the law.

296. The Supreme Court of the Union :

(a) has the power to issue the following writs :

(i) Writ of Habeas Corpus;

(ii) Writ of Mandamus;

(iii) Writ of Prohibition;

(iv) Writ of Quo Warranto;

(v) Writ of Certiorari.

(b) The applications to issue writs shall be suspended in the areas where the

state of emergency is declared.

126

(3) wdkif;a'oBuD;tcsif;csif;? jynfe,ftcsif;csif;? wdkif;a'oBuD;ESifh

jynfe,ftcsif;csif;? jynfaxmifpke,fajrESifh wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf

jynfe,ftcsif;csif;wdkYtMum; jzpfyGm;onfh zGJUpnf;ykHtajccH

Oya'qdkif&m jyóemrsm;rSty tjcm;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;?

(4) Oya'wpf&yf&yft& owfrSwfxm;aom tjcm;udpö&yfrsm;/

( c ) jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfonf EdkifiHawmf\ tjrifhqkH;w&m;½kH;

jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm aemufqkH;tNyD;tjywf t,lcH0if&m w&m;½kH;jzpf

onf?

( * ) jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf\ pD&ifcsufrsm;onf trItm;vkH;wGif

tNyD;tjywfjzpfí t,lcH0ifcGifhr&Sdap&?

(C) jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfonf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;

csufwpf&yf&yfudkjzpfap? tjcm;Oya'ygjy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfudkjzpfap

rqefYusifapbJ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf\

pD&ifcsufrsm;udk qkH;jzwfEdkifaom t,lcHrIpD&ifydkifcGifhtmPm&Sdonf/ xkdYtjyif

tjcm;w&m;½kH;rsm;ucsrSwfaom pD&ifcsufrsm;udkvnf; Oya'ESifhtnD

ppfaq;qkH;jzwfEkdifaom t,lcHrIpD&ifydkifcGifhtmPm&Sdonf?

( i ) jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfonf Oya'ESifhtnD jyifqifrIpD&if

ydkifcGifhtmPm&Sdonf/

296/ jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfonf

(u) atmufygpmcRefawmftrdefYrsm;udk xkwfydkifcGifhtmPm&Sdonf

(1) a&SUawmfoGif;pmcRefawmftrdefY?

(2) tmPmay;pmcRefawmftrdefY?

(3) wm;jrpfappmcRefawmftrdefY?

(4) tmPmydkifar;pmcRefawmftrdefY?

(5) trIac:pmcRefawmftrdefY/

( c ) EdkifiHawmftwGif; ta&;ay:tajctaersm;ay:aygufaMumif; aMunm

onfha'owGif pmcRefawmftrdefY xkwfqifhay;&ef avQmufxm;csufrsm;

udk &yfqdkif;xm;&rnf/

126

Judiciary Budget

297. The Supreme Court of the Union shall submit judiciary budget to the Union

Government in order to include and present in the Annual Budget Bill of the Union in

accord with the provisions of the Constitution.

Submission of the Judiciary Situation

298. The Chief Justice of the Union may submit important judiciary situation concerning

the Union or the public, either to the session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw or the Pyithu

Hluttaw or the Amyotha Hluttaw from time to time.

Appointment of the Chief Justice of the Union and the Judges of the Supreme

Court of the Union

299. (a) The Head of the Supreme Court of the Union shall be called the Chief Justice

of the Union.

(b) Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union including the Chief Justice of the

Union may be appointed in the Supreme Court from a minimum of seven

and a maximum of 11 in number.

(c) (i) The President shall submit the nomination of the person suitable to be

appointed as the Chief Justice of the Union to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

and seek its approval.

(ii) The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall have no right to refuse the person

nominated by the President for the appointment of Chief Justice of the

Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union unless it can

clearly be proved that the persons do not meet the qualifications for

the post prescribed in Section 301.

127

w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&m b@maiGt&tokH;pm&if;

297/ jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfonf w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&m b@maiGt&

tokH;pm&if;rsm;udk zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpk\

ESpfpOfb@maiGt&tokH;qdkif&m Oya'Murf;wGif xnfhoGif;wifjyEkdif&ef jynfaxmifpk

tpdk;&xH wifjy&rnf/

w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&m tajctaewifjyjcif;

298/ jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyfonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;wGif jzpfap?

jynfolYvTwfawmf odkYr[kwf trsKd;om;vTwfawmftpnf;ta0;wGifjzpfap EdkifiHawmf

odkYr[kwf trsm;jynfolwdkYESifhoufqdkifonfh ta&;BuD;aomw&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&m

tajctaeudk tcgtm;avsmfpGm wifjyEdkifonf/

jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyfESihf jynfaxmifpkw&m;vGTwfawmfcsKyfw&m;olBuD;rsm;

cefYftyf wm0efay;jcif;

299/ (u) jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf\ tBuD;trSL;ukd jynfaxmifpkw&m;

olBuD;csKyf[k ac:&rnf?

( c ) jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfwGif jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf tyg

t0if jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;rsm;OD;a&tenf;qkH;

ckepfOD;rS trsm;qkH; 11 OD;txd cefYtyfEkdifonf?

( * ) (1) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyftjzpf cefYtyf

oifhaom yk*d¾Kvf\trnfpm&if;ukd jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfokdY

wifoGif;oabmwlnDcsuf &,l&rnf?

(2) yk'fr 301 wGif owfrSwfxm;aom jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf

ESifh jynfaxmifpk w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;rsm;\

t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh rjynfhpkHaMumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkdifygu

jynfaxmifpk vTwfawmfonf EkdifiHawmfor®wu jynfaxmifpk

w&m;olBuD;csKyftjzpf cefYtyf&ef trnfpm&if;wifoGif;olukd

jiif;y,fcGifhr&Sdap&?

127

(iii) The President has the right to submit again the list furnished with a new

name replacing the one who has not been approved by the Pyidaungsu

Hluttaw for the appointment of the Chief Justice of the Union.

(iv) The President shall appoint the person who has been approved by the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as the Chief Justice of the Union.

(d) (i) The President, in co-ordination with the Chief Justice of the Union,

shall submit the nomination of the persons suitable to be appointed as

the Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

and seek its approval.

(ii) The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has no right to refuse the persons nominated

by the President for the appointment of the Chief Justice of the Union

and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union unless it can clearly be

proved the persons concerned do not possess the qualifications

prescribed for Judges of Supreme Court of the Union. in Section 301.

(iii) The President has the right to submit again the list furnished with a new

name replacing the one who has not been approved by Pyidaungsu

Hluttaw for the appointment of a Judge of the Supreme Court of the

Union.

(iv) The President shall appoint the persons approved by Pyidaungsu

Hluttaw as Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union.

300. (a) The Chief Justice of the Union or Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union

must be free from party politics.

128

(3) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyftjzpf

cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\oabmwlnDcsuf

r&&Sdonfh yk*d¾Kvftpm; trnfpm&if;opfukd jynfaxmifpk

vTwfawmfokdY xyfrHwifoGif;cGifh&Sdonf?

(4) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnD

csuf&&Sdonfh yk*d¾Kvftm; jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyftjzpf

cefYtyf&rnf/

(C) (1) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyfESihf n§dEdIif;

um jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;rsm;tjzpf

cefYtyfoifhaom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;\ trnfpm&if;ukd jynfaxmifpk

vTwfawmfokdY wifoGif;oabmwlnDcsuf &,l&rnf?

(2) yk'fr 301 wGif owfrSwfxm;aom jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf

ESifh jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;rsm;\

t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh rjynfhpkHaMumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkdifygu

jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf EkdifiHawmfor®wu jynfaxmifpk

w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;rsm;tjzpfcefYtyf&ef trnf

pm&if;wifoGif;olrsm;ukd jiif;y,fcGihfr&Sdap&?

(3) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTGwfawmfcsKyf w&m;

olBuD;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\

oabmwlnDcsufr&&Sdonfh yk*d¾Kvftpm; trnfpm&if;opfukd

jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfokdY xyfrHwifoGif;cGifh&Sdonf?

(4) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnD

csuf&&Sdonfh yk*d¾Kvfrsm;tm; jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf

w&m;olBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyf&rnf/

300/ (u) jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf

w&m;olBuD;rsm;onf ygwDEkdifiHa&;ESifh uif;&Sif;&rnf?

128

(b) The Chief Justice of the Union or Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union,

if they are Civil Services personnel, shall be deemed to have retired in accord

with the existing Civil Services Regulations commencing from the day of the

appointment as the Chief Justice of the Union or Judge of the Supreme

Court of the Union.

Qualifications of the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court

of the Union

301. The Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union shall

be a person of following qualifications :

(a) not younger than 50 years and not older than 70 years;

(b) who has qualifications, with the exception of the age limit, prescribed in

Section 120 for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;

(c) whose qualifications does not breach the provisions under the Section 121

which disqualify him from standing for election as Pyithu Hluttaw

representatives;

(d) (i) who has served as a Judge of the High Court of the Region or State for

at least five years; or

(ii) who has served as a Judicial Officer or a Law Officer at least 10 years

not lower than that of the Region or State level; or

(iii) who has practised as an Advocate for at least 20 years; or

(iv) who is, in the opinion of the President, an eminent jurist;

129

( c ) jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf

w&m;olBuD;rsm;onf EkdifiHh0efxrf;jzpfvQif jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf

okdYr[kwf jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;tjzpf cefYtyf

wm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí wnfqJ0efxrf;pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;

ESifhtnD tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf/

jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyfESihf jynfaxmifpkw&m;vGTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;rsm;\

t&nftcsif;rsm;

301/ jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyfESifh jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;

rsm;onf atmufygt&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkH&rnf

(u) touf 50 ESpfxufri,f? touf 70 ESpfxufrBuD;ol?

( c ) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGifazmfjyxm;onfh jynfolY

vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;aomt&nftcsif;

rsm;ESifh jynfhpkHol?

( * ) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm; tjzpf

a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifh r&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;

NidpGef;jcif;r&Sdol?

(C) (1) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;

tjzpf tenf;qkH; ig;ESpf aqmif&GufcJhol okdYr[kwf

(2) wkdif;a'oBuD; okd Yr[kwf jynfe,ftqifhxufredrf haom

w&m;a&;t&m&Sd okdYr[kwf Oya't&m&Sd&mxl;wGif tenf;qkH; 10

ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhol okdYr[kwf

(3) w&m;vTwfawmffa&SUaetjzpf tenf;qkH; 20 ESpf trIvkdufyg

aqmif&GufcJhol okdYr[kwf

(4) xifay:ausmfMum;onfh *kPfowif;&Sdaom Oya'ynm&Siftjzpf

EkdifiHawmfor®wu ,lqol/

129

(e) loyal to the Union and its citizens;

(f) who is not a member of a political party;

(g) who is not a Hluttaw representative.

Impeachment of the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court

of the Union

302. (a) The President or the representatives of the Pyithu Hluttaw or Amyotha Hluttaw

may impeach the Chief Justice of the Union or any Judge of the Supreme

Court of the Union for any of the following reasons :

(i) high treason;

(ii) breach of any provision of the Constitution;

(iii) misconduct;

(iv) disqualifications of the qualifications of the Chief Justice of the Union

and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union prescribed under Section

310;

(v) inefficient discharge of duties assigned by law.

(b) If the President wishes to impeach :

(i) he shall submit the charge to the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;

(ii) the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall form an investigation body

and cause the charge to be investigated in accord with the law;

(iii) in forming the investigation body, an equal number of representatives

of the Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw shall be included and any

suitable member of the body be assigned as the Chairperson of such

body;

(iv) the time for the completion of the investigation shall be determined on

the volume of work;

130

( i ) EkdifiHawmfESifhEkdifiHom;rsm;tay:opöm&Sdol?

( p ) EkdifiHa&;ygwD0ifr[kwfol?

(q) vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fr[kwfol/

jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyfESifh jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;

rsm;tm; pGyfpJGjypfwifjcif;

302/ (u) EkdifiHawmfor®w odYkr[kwf jynfolYvTwfawmf odkYr[kwf trsKd;om;

vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf

jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;wpfOD;OD;tm; atmufyg

taMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGyfpJGjypfwifEkdifonf -

(1) EkdifiHawmf\aus;Zl;opömawmfukdazmufzsufjcif;?

(2) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfukd azmufzsuf

usL;vGefjcif;?

(3) tusifhodu©mysufjym;jcif;?

(4) yk'fr 301 wGif jy|mef;xm;aom jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf

ESifh jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;rsm;\ t&nf

tcsif; ysuf,Gif;jcif;?

(5) Oya't&ay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;ukd ausyGefpGmraqmif&Gufjcif;/

( c ) EkdifiHawmfor®wu pGyfpGJjypfwif&efvkdtyfygu-

(1) rdrd\pGyfpGJcsufudk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uxHwifjy&rnf?

(2) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uonf pkHprf;ppfaq;a&;tzGJUudk

zGJUpnf;í Oya'ESifhtnD pkHprf;ppfaq;ap&rnf?

(3) pkHprf;ppfaq;a&;tzGJUukd zGJUpnf;&mwGif jynfolYvTwfawmfESifh

trsKd;om;vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fOD;a& wlnDpGmyg0ifapNyD;

,if;tzGJU0ifrsm;xJrS oifhavsmfolwpfOD;OD;ukd pkHprf;ppfaq;a&;

tzGJUOuú|tjzpf wm0efay;&rnf?

(4) pkHprf;ppfaq;&rnfh vkyfief;yrmPukd axmuf½Ií pkHprf;ppfaq;rI

NyD;pD;&rnfh tcsdefumvukdvnf; owfrSwfay;&rnf?

130

(v) the President may, himself in person or through a representative, explain

and present the charge before the investigation body and has also the

right to submit evidence and witnesses;

(vi) when the charge is being investigated, the person being charged shall

be given the right to defend himself in person or through a representative;

(vii) the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall, on being submitted the

findings of the investigation concerning the impeachment by the

investigation body, present it to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;

(viii) the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall, if the resolution is passed

that the charge has been substantiated and the alleged person is unfit to

continue to serve as the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the

Supreme Court of the Union by the two-thirds of the total number of

the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representatives, present and report the said

resolution to the President;

(ix) on presentation of the report, the President shall, proceed to remove

the Chief Justice of the Union or the Judge of the Supreme Court of

the Union who has been impeached from office;

(x) if the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw resolves that the charges has failed, the

Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall present and report the said

resolution to the President;

(c) if the representatives of the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Amyotha Hluttaw wish to

impeach :

(i) the provisions for the impeachment of the President or the Vice-

President under Section 71 shall be applied;

131

(5) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf rdrd\pGyfpGJcsufESifh pyfvsOf;í rdrd

ukd,fwdkifaomfvnf;aumif;? ukd,fpm;vS,fapvTwfíaomfvnf;

aumif; pkHprf;ppfaq;a&;tzGJU a&SUarSmufwGif &Sif;vif;wifjy

Ekdifonf/ oufqkk dif&mtaxmuftxm;rsm;ESif h oufao

rsm;ukdvnf; wifjyEkdifcGifh&Sdonf?

( 6 ) pGyfpGJcsufukd pkHprf;ppfaq;onfhtcg pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;cH&oltm;

ukd,fwkdifaomfvnf;aumif;? ukd,fpm;vS,fjzifhaomfvnf;aumif;

acsycGifhay;&rnf?

( 7 ) pGyfpGJjypfwifrIESifhpyfvsOf;í pkHprf;ppfaq;a&;tzGJUu pkHprf;

awGU&Sdcsufudk wifjyvmonfhtcg jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf

em,uonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfokdY wifjy&rnf?

( 8 ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&\ okH;ykHESpfykH

u pGyfpGJjypfwifrIonf rSefuefípGyfpGJcH&olonf jynfaxmifpk

w&m;olBuD;csKyf okYdr[kwf jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf

w&m;olBuD;&mxl;wGif qufvufxrf;&Gufap&ef roifhaMumif;

qkH;jzwfvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uonf xkdqkH;jzwfcsuf

ukd EkdifiHawmfor®wxH wifjytpD&ifcH&rnf?

( 9 ) ,if;okdY wifjytpD&ifcHonfhtcg EkdifiHawmfor®wonf pGyfpGJ

jypfwifjcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf

jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;ukd &mxl;rS

&yfpJ&rnf?

(10) pGyfpGJjypfwifrIonf rrSefuefaMumif; jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu

qkH;jzwfvQif xkdodkYqkH;jzwfaMumif;ukd jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf

em,uonf EkdifiHawmfor®wxH wifjytpD&ifcH&rnf/

( * ) jynfolYvTwfawmf odkYr[kwf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u

pGyfpGJjypfwif&ef vdktyfygu -

(1) EkdifiHawmfor®w okdYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wukd pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;ESifh

pyfvsOf;í yk'fr 71 yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&rnf?

131

(ii) the President shall, if the Hluttaw which made the investigation resolves

and reports that the charge made upon the Chief Justice of the Union

or any Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union has been substantiated

and the person being charged is unfit to continue to serve as the Chief

Justice of the Union or Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union,

proceed to remove the Chief Justice of the Union or the Judge of the

Supreme Court of the Union who has been impeached from office;

(iii) if the Hluttaw which made the investigation resolves that the charge

has been failed, the Chairperson of the Hluttaw concerned shall present

and report the resolution to the President.

Term of the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the

Union

303. The Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union

shall hold office up to the age of 70 years unless one of the following occurs :

(a) resignation on his own volition;

(b) being impeached in accord with the provisions under the Constitution and

removed from office;

(c) being found to be unable to continue to serve due to permanent disability

caused by either physical or mental defect according to the findings of the

medical board formed by law;

(d) death.

304. Duties, powers and rights of the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the

Supreme Court of the Union shall be prescribed by law.

132

(2) jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfaxmifpkw&m;

vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;wpfOD;OD;tay: pGyfpGJjypfwifrIonf

rSefuefí pGyfpGJcH&olonf jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf

jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;&mxl;wGif

qufvufxrf;&Gufap&efroifhaMumif; pkHprf;ppfaq;onfh

vTwfawmfu qkH;jzwfwifjyvQif EkdifiHawmfor®wonf pGyfpGJ

jypfwifjcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf

jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;tm; &mxl;rS&yfpJ

&rnf?

(3) pGyfpG J jypfwifrIonf rrSefuefaMumif; pkHprf;ppfaq;onfh

vTwfawmfu qkH;jzwfygu xkdokdYqkH;jzwfaMumif; oufqkdif&m

vTwfawmfOuú|onf EkdifiHawmfor®wxH wifjytpD&ifcH&rnf/

jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyfESihf jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;rsm;\

&mxl;oufwrf;

303/ jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyfESihff jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;

rsm;onf atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yf ray:aygufvQif touf 70 ESpf jynfhonf

txd wm0efxrf;aqmifcGifh&Sdonf

(u) rdrdoabmtavsmuf &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;?

( c ) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihftnD pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;cH&í

&mxl;rS &yfpJcH&jcif;?

( * ) Oya't& owfrSwfaomaq;tzGJU\ ppfaq;csuft& udk,fpdwfESpfyg;

teuf wpfyg;yg;onf xm0pOfcsKdU,Gif;oGm;jcif;aMumifh wm0efukd

qufvufxrf;aqmifEkdifpGrf;r&SdaMumif; awGU&Sd&jcif;?

(C) uG,fvGefjcif;/

304/ jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyfESifh jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;

rsm;\ wm0efrsm;? vkyfykdifcGifhrsm;? &ykdifcGifhrsm;udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrSwf&rnf/

132

High Courts of the Region or High Courts of the State

Formation of High Courts of the Region or High Courts of the State

305. There is the High Court of the Region in the Region and the High Court of the

State in the State.

Jurisdictions of High Courts of the Region or High Courts of the State

306. High Courts of the Region or State shall have the following jurisdictions in accord

with the law :

(a) adjudicating on original case;

(b) adjudicating on appeal case;

(c) adjudicating on revision case;

(d) adjudicating on matters prescribed by any law.

307. (a) For the purpose of judicial administration, the High Court of Mandalay

Region is the High Court of the Courts situated in Nay Pyi Taw.

(b) For the purpose of judicial administration, where any area located in the

Region or State is designated as a Union Territory, the High Court of the

Region or State concerned is the High Court of the Courts situated in the

said Union Territory.

Appointment of the Chief Justice and Judges of the High Court of the Region or

the High Court of the State

308. (a) (i) The Head of the High Court of the Region or the High Court of

the State shall be called the Chief Justice of the High Court of the

Region or the Chief Justice of the High Court of the State.

133

wkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmfrsm; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfrsm;

wk di f;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmfrsm; ok d Yr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfrsm;

zJGUpnf;jcif;

305/ wkdif;a'oBuD;wGif wkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmfudkvnf;aumif;? jynfe,fwGif

jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfudkvnf;aumif; xm;&Sdonf/

wdkif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmfrsm; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfrsm;\ pD&if

ykdifcGifhtmPmrsm;

306/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfrsm;wGif Oya'ESifhtnD

atmufygw&m;pD&ifydkifcGifhtmPmrsm;&Sdonf

(u) rlvrIudkpD&ifjcif;?

( c ) t,lcHrIudkpD&ifjcif;?

( * ) jyifqifrIudkpD&ifjcif;?

(C) Oya'wpf&yf&yft& owfrSwfxm;aom udpö&yfrsm;ukdpD&ifjcif;/

307/ (u) w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&mudpötvdkYiSm rEÅav;wdkif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf

onf aejynfawmftwGif;&Sd w&m;½kH;rsm;\w&m;vTwfawmfjzpfonf?

( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif;&Sd a'owpfckckudk jynfaxmifpk

e,fajrtjzpfowfrSwfvQif w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&m udpötvdkYiSm oufqdkif&m

wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfonf ,if;jynfaxmifpk

e,fajrtwGif;&Sd w&m;½kH;rsm;\ w&m;vTwfawmf jzpfonf/

wkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfw&m;olBuD;csKyfESifY

w&m;olBuD;rsm; cefYtyfjcif;

308/ (u) (1) wkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf okd Yr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;

vTwfawmf\tBuD;trSL;ukd wkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf w&m;

olBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyf

[kac:&rnf?

133

(ii) In the High Court of the Region or the High Court of the State,

judges of the High Court of the Region or Judges of the High

Court of the State including the Chief Justice of the High Court of

the Region or the Chief Justice of the High Court of the State may

be appointed from a minimum of three and a maximum of seven in

number.

(b) (i) The President, in co-ordination with the Chief Justice of the Union

and the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned, shall

prepare the nomination for the appointment of the Chief Justice of

the High Court of the Region or State concerned and the Chief

Minister of the Region or State concerned, in co-ordination with

the Chief Justice of the Union, shall prepare the nomination for the

appointment of the Judges of the High Court of the Region or

State concerned, and the said nomination shall be sent to the

Region or State Hluttaw concerned.

(ii) The Region or State Hluttaw concerned shall have no right to

refuse the person or persons nominated by the President, in co-

ordination with the Chief Justice of the Union and the Chief Minister

of the Region or State concerned, for the appointment of the Chief

Justice of the High Court of the Region or State concerned, or

the person or persons nominated by the Chief Minister of the

Region or State concerned, in co-ordination with the Chief Justice

of the Union, for the appointment of Judges of the High Court of

the Region or State concerned unless it can clearly be proved that

the person does not meet the qualifications prescribed under Section

310 for the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State

and the Judge of the High Court of the Region or State.

134

(2) wkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf okd Yr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;

vTwfawmfwGif wdkif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyf

okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyf tygt0if

wkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;rsm; okdYr[kwf

jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfw&m;olBuD;rsm;OD;a& tenf;qkH; okH;OD;

rS trsm;qkH; ckepfOD;txd cefYtyfEkdifonf?

( c ) (1) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf? oufqkdif&m

wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfwkdYESifh n§dEdIif;NyD;

oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf

w&m;olBuD;csKyftjzpfcefYtyf&ef trnfpm&if;ukdjyKpkí ,if;

trnfpm&if;ukdvnf;aumif;? oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf

jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyfESifh

n§dEd Iif;NyD; oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; odk Yr[kwf jynfe,f

w&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;rsm;tjzpfcefYtyf&ef trnfpm&if;ukd

jyKpkí ,if;trnfpm&if;rsm;ukdvnf;aumif; oufqkdif&m

wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY ay;ykdY&rnf?

(2) yk'fr 310 wGif owfrSwfxm;aom wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf

jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyfESifh wkdif;a'oBuD;

okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;\ t&nftcsif;

rsm;ESifhrjynhfpkHaMumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkdifygu oufqkdif&m

wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf EkdifiHawmf

or®wu jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf? oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD;

okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfwkdYESifh n§dEdIif;NyD; oufqkdif&m

wkdif;a'oBuD; okd Yr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfw&m;

olBuD;csKyftjzpf cef Ytyf&efvnf;aumif;? oufqkdif&m

wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu jynfaxmifpk

w&m;olBuD;csKyfESifh n§dEdIif;NyD; wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f

w&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyf&efvnf;aumif;

trnfpm&if; ay;ydkYolrsm;ukd jiif;y,fcGihfr&Sdap&?

134

(iii) There is the right to resubmit a new nomination list as prescribed

in place of the persons who are refused under Sub-Section (ii).

(iv) The President shall appoint persons approved by the Region or

State Hluttaw as the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region

or State concerned and Judges of the High Court of the Region or

State concerned.

309. (a) The Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State and Judges of

the High Court of the Region or State must be free from party politics.

(b) The Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State and Judges of

the High Court of the Region or State, if they are civil service personnel,

shall be deemed to have retired from the civil service in accord with the

existing Civil Service Regulations commencing from the day they have

been appointed as the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or

State and the Judge of the High Court of the Region or State.

Qualification of the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or the High

Court of the State and Judges of the High Court of the Region or the High Court

of the State

310. The Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State and Judges of the High

Court of the Region or State shall be a person of the following qualifications :

(a) not younger than 45 years and not older than 65 years of age;

(b) who has the qualifications, with the exception of the age limit, prescribed

under Section 120 for the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;

135

(3) yk'frcGJi,f (2) t& jiif;y,fjcif;cH&aomyk*d¾Kvfrsm;tpm; trnf

pm&if;opfukd owfrSwfxm;onfhtwkdif; xyfrHwifoGif;cGihf&Sdonf?

(4) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf

jynfe,fvTwfawmfu oabmwlnDolrsm;ukd oufqkdif&mwkdif;

a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfw&m;olBuD;csKyf

tjzpfvnf;aumif;? oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okd Yr[kwf

jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;rsm;tjzpf vnf;aumif;

cefYtyf&rnf/

309/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfw&m;olBuD;csKyfrsm;ESifh

wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfw&m;olBuD;rsm;onf

ygwDEdkifiHa&;ESihf uif;&Sif;&rnf?

( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfw&m;olBuD;csKyfrsm;ESifh

wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfw&m;olBuD;rsm;onf

EdkifiHh0efxrf;jzpfvQif wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf

w&m;olBuD;csKyftjzpfvnf;aumif;? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f

w&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;tjzpfvnf;aumif; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;

cH&onfhaeYrSpí wnfqJ 0efxrf;pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD

tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf/

wkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfw&m;olBuD;csKyf

rsm;ESif h wkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf okd Yr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf

w&m;olBuD;rsm;\t&nftcsif;

310/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyfrsm;ESifh

wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;rsm;onf atmufyg

t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpkH&rnf

(u) touf 45 ESpfxufri,f? touf 65 ESpfxufrBuD;ol?

( c ) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolY

vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;aom t&nftcsif;

rsm;ESifhjynfhpkHol?

135

(c) whose qualifications does not breach the provisions under Section 121

which disqualify him from standing for election as Pyithu Hluttaw

representatives;

(d) (i) who has served as a Judicial Officer or Law Officer at least five

years not lower than that of the Region or State level or as a

Judicial Officer or Law Officer at least 10 years not lower than

that of the District level for; or

(ii) who has practised as an Advocate for at least 15 years; or

(iii) who is, in the opinion of the President, an eminent jurist.

(e) loyal to the Union and its citizens;

(f) who is not a member of a political party;

(g) who is not a Hluttaw representative.

Impeachment of the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or the High

Court of the State and Judges of the High Court of the Region or the High Court

of the State

311. (a) The Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State or Judges of

the High Court of the Region or State may be impeached on any of the

following reasons :

(i) high treason;

(ii) breach of any provision of the Constitution;

(iii) misconduct;

136

( * ) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf

a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifh r&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;

NidpGef;jcif;r&Sdol?

(C) (1) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftqifhxufredrfhaom w&m;a&;

t&m&Sd okdYr[kwf Oya't&m&Sd&mxl;wGif tenf;qkH; ig;ESpf

wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhol okdYr[kwf c½kdiftqifhxufredrfhaom

w&m;a&;t&m&Sd odkYr[kwf Oya't&m&Sd&mxl;wGif tenf;qkH;

10 ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhol okdYr[kwf

(2) w&m;vTwfawmfa&SUaetjzpf tenf;qkH; 15 ESpf trIvkdufyg

aqmif&GufcJhol okdYr[kwf

(3) xifay:ausmfMum;onfh *kPfowif;&Sdaom Oya'ynm&Siftjzpf

EkdifiHawmfor®wu ,lqol/

( i ) EkdifiHawmfESifh EkdifiHom;rsm;tay:opöm&Sdol?

( p ) EkdifiHa&;ygwD0ifr[kwfol?

(q) vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fr[kwfol/

wkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyf

E Si f h wd ki f ;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf ok d Yr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf

w&m;olBuD;rsm;tm; pGyfpJGjypfwifjcif;

311/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyfudk

vnf;aumif;? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf

w&m;olBuD;udkvnf;aumif; atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGyfpGJ

jypfwifEkdifonf -

(1) EkdifiHawmf\aus;Zl;opömawmfudkazmufzsufjcif;?

(2) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfudk azmufzsuf

usL;vGefjcif;?

(3) tusifhodu©mysufjym;jcif;?

136

(iv) disqualification of the qualification of the Chief Justice of the High

Court of the Region or State and Judges of the High Court of the

Region or State prescribed under Section 310;

(v) inefficient discharge of duties assigned by law.

(b) If the President wishes to impeach the Chief Justice of the High Court of

the Region or State or the Chief Minister of the Region or State wishes to

impeach any of the Judges of the High Court of the Region or State

concerned, he shall submit the charge to the Speaker of the Region or

State Hluttaw.

(c) If the representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw wish to impeach the

Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State concerned or the

Judge of the High Court of the Region or State concerned, the charge

signed by not less than one-fourth of the total number of representatives

of the Region or State Hluttaw concerned shall be submitted to the Speaker

of the Region or State Hluttaw concerned.

(d) The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw shall form an investigation

body and cause the charge to be investigated in accord with the law. The

time for the completion of the investigation shall be determined on the

volume of work.

(e) (i) If the President or the Chief Minister of the Region or the Chief

Minister of the State wishes to carry out the impeachment, an

investigation body shall be formed with the representatives of the

Region or State Hluttaw concerned and a suitable person from

among the members of the investigation body shall be assigned as

the Chairperson.

137

(4) yk'fr 310 wGif jy|mef;xm;aomwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf

jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyfESifh wdkif;a'oBuD;

odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;\ t&nftcsif;

ysuf,Gif;jcif;?

(5) Oya't& ay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;ukd ausyGefpGmraqmif&Gufjcif;/

( c ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf

w&m;olBuD;csKyfukdvnf;aumif;? wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f

0efBuD;csKyfonf oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okd Yr[kwf jynfe,f

w&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;wpfOD;OD;ukdvnf;aumif; pGyfpGJjypfwif&ef

vkdtyfygu rdrd\pGyfpGJcsufukd wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf

Ouú|xH ay;ydkY&rnf?

( * ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf

oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; odk Yr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf

w&m;olBuD;csKyfudkvnf;aumif;? oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf

jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;udkvnf;aumif; pGyfpGJjypfwif&ef

vdktyfygu oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf

udk,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qkH;av;ykHwpfykHu vufrSwf

a&;xdk;NyD; rdrdwdkY\pGyfpGJcsufudk oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf

jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|xH wifjy&rnf?

(C) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|onf pkHprf;ppfaq;a&;

tzGJUukd zGJUpnf;í Oya'ESifhtnD pkHprf;ppfaq;ap&rnf/ pkHprf;ppfaq;&rnfh

vkyfief;yrmPudkaxmuf½Ií pkHprf;ppfaq;rINyD;pD;&rnfh tcsdefumv

udkvnf; owfrSwfay;&rnf?

( i ) (1) EkdifiHawmfor®w okdYr[kwf wkdif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf

jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu pGyfpGJjypfwifvQif pkHprf;ppfaq;a&;tzGJUukd

oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okd Yr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf

ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;jzihf zGJUpnf;í ,if;tzGJU0ifrsm;xJrS oihfavsmfol

wpfOD;OD;ukd pkHprf;ppfaq;a&;tzGJUOuú|tjzpf wm0efay;&rnf?

137

(ii) The President or the Chief Minister of the Region or State

concerned may, himself in person or through a representative,

explain the charge before the investigation body and has also the

right to submit relevant evidences and witnesses.

(f) When the charge is being investigated, the person being charged shall be

given the right to defend himself in person or through a representative.

(g) The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw shall, on being submitted the

findings of the investigation concerning the impeachment by the

investigation body, report it to the Region or State Hluttaw.

(h) The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw shall, if the resolution is passed

that the charge has been substantiated and the alleged person is unfit to

continue to serve as the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or

State or a Judge of the High Court of the Region or State by two-thirds of

the total number of the representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw, if it

is the case concerning the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or

State, the said resolution is submitted to the President and if it is the case

concerning a Judge of the High Court of the Region or State, the said

resolution is submitted to the Chief Minister of the Region or State

concerned. The Chief Minister of the Region of the State shall, on receiving

the said resolution, submit it to the President.

(i) On receiving the report, the President shall, proceed to remove the Chief

Justice of the High Court of the Region or State or the Judge of the High

Court of the Region or State who has been impeached from office.

138

(2) EkdifiHawmfor®w okdYr[kwf oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf

jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf rdrd\pGyfpGJcsufESifhpyfvsOf;í rdrd

ukd,fwkdifaomfvnf;aumif;? udk,fpm;vS,fapvTwfíaomfvnf;

aumif; pkHprf;ppfaq;a&;tzGJU a&SUarSmufwGif &Sif;vif;wifjy

Ekdifonf/ oufqkdif&m taxmuftxm;rsm;ESifh oufaorsm;ukd

vnf; wifjyEkdifcGifh&Sdonf/

( p ) pGyfpGJcsufukd pkHprf;ppfaq;onfhtcg pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;cH&oltm; ukd,fwkdif

aomfvnf;aumif;? ukd,fpm;vS,fjzifhaomfvnf;aumif; acsycGifhay;&rnf?

(q) pGyfpGJjypfwifrIESifhpyfvsOf;í pkHprf;ppfaq;a&;tzGJUu pkHprf;awGU&Sdcsufukd

wifjyonfhtcg wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|onf

wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfokdY wifjy&rnf?

( Z ) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&\

okH;ykHESpfykHu pGyfpGJjypfwifrIonf rSefuefí pGyfpGJcH&olonf wkdif;a'oBuD;

okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf wkdif;a'oBuD;

okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;&mxl;wGif qufvuf

xrf;&Gufap&ef roifhaMumif;qkH;jzwfvQif wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf

jynfe,fvTwfawmf Ouú|onf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f

w&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyftwGufjzpfvQif EkdifiHawmfor®wxHokdY

vnf;aumif;? wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf

w&m;olBuD;twGufjzpfvQif oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f

0efBuD;csKyfxHodkY vnf;aumif; xkdqkH;jzwfcsufukdwifjy&rnf/ wkdif;a'oBuD;

okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf azmfjyygwifjycsufukd &&Sdonfhtcg

EkdifiHawmfor®wxH qufvufwifjy&rnf?

(ps) ,if;okdYwifjycsufrsm;&&Sdonfhtcg EkdifiHawmfor®wonf pGyfpGJjypfwif

jcif;cH&onfh wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;

olBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf

w&m;olBuD;udk &mxl;rS&yfpJ&rnf?

138

(j) If the Region or State Hluttaw concerned resolves that the charge has

failed, the Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw shall, if it is the case

concerning the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State,

such resolution is submitted to the President and if it is the case concerning

the Judge of the High Court of the Region or State, such resolution is

submitted to the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned.

Term of the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or the High Court of the

State and Judges of the High Court of the Region or High Court of the State

312. The Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State and Judges of the High

Court of the Region or State shall hold office up to the age of 65 years unless any of the

following occurs :

(a) resignation on his own volition;

(b) being impeached in accord with the provisions under the Constitution and

removed from office;

(c) being found to be unable to continue to serve due to permanent disability

caused by either physical or mental defect according to the findings of the

medical board formed by law;

(d) death.

313. Duties, powers and rights of the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or

State and the Judges of the High Court of the Region or State shall be prescribed by law.

139

(n) pGyfpGJjypfwifrIonf rrSefuefaMumif; oufqdkif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf

jynfe,fvTwfawmfuqkH;jzwfvQif xkdokdYqkH;jzwfaMumif;ukd wkdif;a'oBuD;

okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|onf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf

jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyftwGufjzpfvQif EkdifiHawmfor®w

xHokdYvnf;aumif;? wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f w&m;vTwfawmf

w&m;olBuD;twGufjzpfvQif oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf

jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfxHokdYvnf;aumif; wifjy&rnf/

wdkif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfw&m;olBuD;csKyf

E Si f h wd ki f ;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf od k Yr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf

w&m;olBuD;rsm;\ &mxl;oufwrf;

312/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyfrsm;ESifh

wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;rsm;onf atmufyg

taMumif;wpf&yf&yf ray:aygufvQif touf 65 ESpf jynfhonftxd wm0ef

xrf;aqmifcGihf&dSonf -

(u) rdrdoabmtavsmuf &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;?

( c ) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;cH&í

&mxl;rS&yfpJcH&jcif;?

( * ) Oya't&owfrSwfaomaq;tzGJU\ ppfaq;csuft& udk,fpdwfESpfyg;

teuf wpfyg;yg;onf xm0pOfcsKdU,Gif;oGm;jcif;aMumifh wm0efudk

qufvufxrf;aqmifEkdifpGrf;r&dSaMumif; awGU&dS&jcif;?

(C) uG,fvGefjcif;/

313/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyfrsm;ESifh

wdkif;a'oBuD; odkkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;rsm;\ wm0efrsm;?

vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;? &ydkifcGifhrsm;udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrSwf&rnf/

139

Courts under the Supervision of the High Court of the Region or the High Court

of the State

314. The following levels of Courts are under the supervision of the High Court of the

Region or State :

(a) if there is no Self-Administered Areas in the Region or State :

(i) District Courts;

(ii) Township Courts.

(b) if there is Self-Administered Areas in the Region or State :

(i) In the Self-Administered Division :

(aa) Court of the Self-Administered Division;

(bb) Township Courts.

(ii) In the Self-Administered Zone :

(aa) Court of the Self-Administered Zone;

(bb) Township Courts.

(iii) In the remaining areas :

(aa) District Courts;

(bb) Township Courts.

(c) In the Union Territory :

(i) District Courts;

(ii) Township Courts.

(d) Other Courts constituted by law.

Jurisdiction of the District Courts and Township Courts

315. District Courts, Courts of the Self-Administered Division, and Courts of the Self-

Administered Zone, in accord with the law, have the jurisdiction relating to original criminal

cases, original civil cases, appeal cases, revision cases or matters prescribed by any law.

140

wdkif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf odkk Yr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf\ BuD;MuyfrI

atmuf&Sd w&m;½kH;rsm;

314/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odk k Yr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf BuD;MuyfrIatmufü

atmufygtwdkif; w&m;½kH;tqifhqifh&dSonf

(u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif; udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& pD&ifpkr&dSvQif

(1) c½dkifw&m;½kH;rsm;?

(2) NrdKUe,fw&m;½kH;rsm;/

( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif; udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& pD&ifpk&dSvQif

(1) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;ü

(uu) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;w&m;½Hk;?

( c c ) NrdKUe,fw&m;½kH;rsm;/

(2) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oü

(uu) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'ow&m;½kH;?

( c c ) NrdKUe,fw&m;½kH;rsm;/

(3) usefa'orsm;ü

(uu) c½dkifw&m;½kH;rsm;?

( c c ) NrdKUe,fw&m;½kH;rsm;/

( * ) jynfaxmifpke,fajrü

(1) c½dkifw&m;½kH;rsm;?

(2) NrdKUe,fw&m;½kH;rsm;/

(C) Oya't&wnfaxmifxm;aom tjcm;w&m;½kH;rsm;/

c½dkifw&m;½kH;ESifY NrdKUe,fw&m;½Hk;rsm;\ pD&ifykdifcGifhtmPmrsm;

315/ c½dkifw&m;½kH;rsm;? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& wdkif;w&m;½kH;rsm;? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&

a'ow&m;½kH;rsm;onf Oya'ESifhtnD jypfrIqdkif&mrlvrIrsm;? w&m;rrlvrIrsm;udk

vnf;aumif;? t,lcHrIrsm;ESifh jyifqifrIrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft&

owfrSwfxm;aomudpö&yfrsm;ukdvnf;aumif; pD&ifydkifcGifhtmPm&Sdonf/

140

316. Township Courts, in accord with the law, have the jurisdiction relating to original

criminal cases, original civil cases or matters prescribed by any law.

317. The Judges appointed in accord with the law at the Courts formed by the

Constitution or any other law shall administer all judicial affairs in the entire Union.

318. (a) Appointment of Judges at various levels of Courts under the supervision

of the High Court of the Region or State, conferring judicial powers,

prescribing the duties, powers and rights shall be in accord with the law.

(b) Formation of staff organizations, comprising of officers and other ranks at

the Supreme Court of the Union, the High Courts of the Region or State

and other Courts, and prescribing duties, powers and rights shall be in

accord with the law.

Courts-Martial

319. According to Sub-Section (b) of Section 293, the Courts-Martial shall be

constituted in accord with the Constitution and the other law and shall adjudicate Defence

Services personnel.

The Constitutional Tribunal of the Union

Formation of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union

320. The Constitutional Tribunal of the Union shall be formed with nine members including

the Chairperson.

141

316/ NrdKUe,fw&m;½kH;rsm;onf Oya'ESifhtnD jypfrIqdkif&mrlvrIrsm;? w&m;rrlvrI

rsm;udkvnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft& owfrSwfxm;aomudpö&yfrsm;udkvnf;aumif;

pD&ifydkifcGifhtmPm&Sdonf/

317/ jynfaxmifpkwpf0ef;vkH;wGif w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&mudpöt00udk zGJUpnf;ykHtajccH

Oya't&jzpfap? tjcm;Oya'wpf&yf&yft&jzpfap zGJUpnf;onfhw&m;½kH;rsm;wGif

Oya'ESifhtnDcefYxm;aom w&m;olBuD;rsm;u pDrHaqmif&Guf&rnf/

318/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf BuD;MuyfrIatmuf&dS

w&m;½Hk;tqifhqifhwGif w&m;olBuD;rsm;cefYxm;jcif;? pD&ifydkifcGifhrsm;

tyfESif;jcif;? wm0efrsm;? vkyfydkifcGihfrsm;ESifh &ydkifcGihfrsm; owfrSwfjcif;

wdkYonf Oya'ESifhtnD jzpfap&rnf?

( c ) jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf? wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f

w&m;vTwfawmfrsm;ESifh usefw&m;½kH;rsm;wGif t&m&dStqifh0efxrf;rsm;?

tjcm;tqihf0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifonfh 0efxrf;tzGJUtpnf;zGJUpnf;jcif;?

wm0efrsm;? vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh &ydkifcGifhrsm;owfrSwfjcif;wdkYonf Oya'ESifhtnD

jzpfap&rnf/

ppfbufqdkif&mw&m;½k H;rsm;

319/ yk'fr 293 yk'frcGJ (c) t& ppfbufqdkif&mw&m;½kH;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykH

tajccHOya'ESifh tjcm;Oya't&zGJUpnf;í wyfrawmfom;rsm;twGuf w&m;pD&if&rnf/

EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHk tajccHOya'qdkif&mcHk½Hk;

EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&mcHk½Hk; zGJUpnf;jcif;

320/ EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&mcHk½Hk;ukd Ouú|tygt0if tzGJU0if udk;OD; jzifh

zGJUpnf;&rnf/

141

321. The President shall submit the candidature list of total nine persons, three members

chosen by him, three members chosen by the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw and three

members chosen by the Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw, and one member from among

nine members to be assigned as the Chairperson of the Constitutional Tribunal of the

Union, to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for its approval.

Functions and Duties of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union

322. The functions and the duties of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union are as

follows :

(a) interpreting the provisions under the Constitution;

(b) vetting whether the laws promulgated by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the

Region Hluttaw, the State Hluttaw or the Self-Administered Division

Leading Body and the Self-Administered Zone Leading Body are in

conformity with the Constitution or not;

(c) vetting whether the measures of the executive authorities of the Union, the

Regions, the States, and the Self-Administered Areas are in conformity

with the Constitution or not;

(d) deciding Constitutional disputes between the Union and a Region, between

the Union and a State, between a Region and a State, among the Regions,

among the States, between a Region or a State and a Self-Administered

Area and among the Self-Administered Areas;

(e) deciding disputes arising out of the rights and duties of the Union and a

Region, a State or a Self-Administered Area in implementing the Union

Law by a Region, State or Self-Administered Area;

142

321/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf rdrda&G;cs,fxm;onfh tzGJU0if okH;OD;? jynfolYvTwfawmf

Ouú|u a&G;cs,fxm;onfh tzGJU0ifokH;OD;ESifh trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|u a&G;cs,f

xm;onfh tzGJU0if okH;OD; pkpkaygif; udk;OD;\ trnfpm&if;ukdvnf;aumif;? ,if;wkdYteuf

EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&mcHk½Hk;Ouú|tjzpf wm0efay;tyf&ef tzJGU0ifwpfOD;\

trnfukdvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfodkY wifoGif;vsuf oabmwlnDcsuf

&,l&rnf/

EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&mcHk½Hk;\ vkyfief;wm0ef

322/ EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckH½kH;\ vkyfief;wm0efrsm;rSm atmufyg

twdkif;jzpfonf

(u) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;udk teuft"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkjcif;?

( c ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf? wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf? jynfe,fvTwfawmf

odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJUESifh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&

a'oOD;pD;tzGJUwdkYu jy|mef;onfhOya'rsm;onf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccH Oya'ESifh

nDñGwfjcif;&Sd-r&Sd pdppfjcif;?

( * ) jynfaxmifpk? wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;? jynfe,frsm;ESifh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&

pD&ifpkrsm;\ tkyfcsKyfrIqdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf

zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh nDñGwfjcif; &Sd-r&Sd pdppfjcif;?

(C) jynfaxmifpkESifh wdkif;a'oBuD;tMum;? jynfaxmifpkESifh jynfe,ftMum;?

wkdif;a'oBuD;ESifh jynfe,ftMum;? wdkif;a'oBuD;tcsif;csif;? jynfe,f

tcsif;csif;? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fESifh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&

pD&ifpktMum;? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&pD&ifpktcsif;csif; jzpfay:onfh

zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk qkH;jzwfjcif;?

( i ) wdkif;a'oBuD;? jynfe,f odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& pD&ifpkwdkYu

jynfaxmifpkOya'udk taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Guf&mwGif

jynfaxmifpkESifh wdkif;a'oBuD;? jynfe,f odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&

pD&ifpkwdkY\ tcGifhta&;ESifh wm0efrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í ay:aygufonfh

tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk qkH;jzwfjcif;?

142

(f) vetting and deciding matters intimated by the President relating to the Union

Territory;

(g) functions and duties conferred by laws enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

Effect of the Resolution of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union

323. In hearing a case by a Court, if there arises a dispute whether the provisions

contained in any law contradict or conform to the Constitution, and if no resolution has

been made by the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union on the said dispute, the said Court

shall stay the trial and submit its opinion to the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union

in accord with the prescribed procedures and shall obtain a resolution. In respect of the

said dispute, the resolution of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union shall be applied

to all cases.

324. The resolution of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union shall be final and

conclusive.

Submission to obtain the interpretation, resolution and opinion of the Constitutional

Tribunal of the Union

325. The following persons and organizations shall have the right to submit matters

directly to obtain the interpretation, resolution and opinion of the Constitutional Tribunal of

the Union :

(a) the President;

(b) the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;

(c) the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw;

(d) the Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw;

(e) the Chief Justice of the Union;

(f) the Chairperson of the Union Election Commission.

143

( p ) jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í EkdifiHawmfor®wutaMumif;Mum;

vmonfh udpö&yfrsm;ukd pdppfqkH;jzwfjcif;?

(q) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu jy|mef;onfhOya'rsm;u ay;tyfonfh

vkyfief;wm0efrsm;/

EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckH½kH; qkH;jzwfcsuf\ tusKd;oufa&mufrI

323/ w&m;½kH;wpf½kH;onf trIwpfrIudk ppfaq;pD&if&mwGif Oya'wpf&yf&yfyg jy|mef;

csufonf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh qefYusifrI&Sd-r&Sd? nDñGwfrI&Sd-r&Sd tjiif;yGm;rI

ay:aygufygu xdktjiif;yGm;rIESifh pyfvsOf;í EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m

ckH½kH;uvnf; wpfpkHwpf&mqkH;jzwfcsuf csrSwfxm;jcif;r&Sdao;vQif tqdkygw&m;½kH;onf

trIppfaq;pD&ifjcif;udk&yfqdkif;xm;NyD; rdrd\xifjrifcsufudk owfrSwfxm;onfh

enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m ckH½kH;odkYwifjyí tqkH;tjzwf

&,l&rnf/ ,if;tjiif;yGm;rIESifhpyfvsOf;í EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykH tajccHOya'qdkif&mckH½kH;\

qkH;jzwfcsufonf trItm;vkH;ESifh oufqkdifap&rnf/

324/ EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckH½kH;\ qkH;jzwfcsufonf tNyD;tjywf

twnfjzpfonf/

EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckH½kH;\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsuf? qkH;jzwfcsufESifh

oabmxm;&,l&ef wifoGif;jcif;

325/ zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckH½kH;\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsuf? qkH;jzwfcsuf? oabmxm;

&,l&efudpörsm;udk atmufazmfjyygyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'

qdkif&mckH½kH;odkY wdkuf½dkufwifoGif;cGifh&Sdonf

(u) EdkifiHawmfor®w?

( c ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,u?

( * ) jynfolUvTwfawmfOuú|?

(C) trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|?

( i ) jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf?

( p ) jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú|/

143

326. The following persons and organizations shall have the right to submit matters to

obtain the interpretation, resolution and opinion of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union

in accord with the prescribed procedures :

(a) the Chief Minister of the Region or State;

(b) the Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw;

(c) the Chairperson of the Self-Administered Division Leading Body or the

Self-Administered Zone Leading Body;

(d) Representatives numbering at least ten percent of all the representatives

of the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Amyotha Hluttaw.

Appointment of the Chairperson and members of the Constitutional Tribunal of

the Union

327. The President shall appoint the Chairperson and members of the Constitutional

Tribunal of the Union approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw .

328. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall have no right to refuse the persons nominated for

members of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union by the President unless it can clearly

be proved that they are disqualified.

329. The President has the right to submit again, in accord with the provisions of the

Constitution, the new nomination list to replace the person who has not been approved by

the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for appointment as member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the

Union.

330. A member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union shall :

(a) if he is a representative of any Hluttaw, be deemed to have resigned as

representative of the Hluttaw commencing from the day he has been

appointed as a member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union;

144

326/ atmufygyk*¾dKvf odkYr[kwf tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m

ckH½kH;\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsuf? qkH;jzwfcsuf? oabmxm;&,l&efudpörsm;udk owfrSwf

xm;aom enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckH½kH;odk Y

wifoGif;cGifh&Sdonf

(u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf?

( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|?

( * ) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'o

OD;pD;tzGJUOuú|?

(C) jynfolYvTwfawmf odkYr[kwf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftm;vkH;

\ tenf;qkH; 10 &mcdkifEIef; ta&twGuf&Sdaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;/

EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&mcHk½Hk; Ouú|ESifh tzGJU0ifrsm; cefYtyfwm0ef

ay;jcif;

327/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsuf &&SdNyD;onfh

Ouú|ESifh tzGJU0ifrsm;tm; EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&m cHk½Hk;Ouú|ESifh tzGJU0if

rsm;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&rnf/

328/ EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&m cHk½Hk;tzGJU0if\ t&nftcsif;ESifh rjynfhpHk

aMumif; txift&Sm;rjyEdkifygu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf EdkifiHawmfor®wu

pkpnf;trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfh yk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&mcHk½Hk;

tzGJU0iftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fcGifhr&Sdap&/

329/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&m cHk½Hk;tzGJU0iftjzpf

cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsuf r&&SdonfhtzGJU0if

ae&mtwGuf trnfpm&if;opfudk zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm; ESifhtnD

jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfodkY xyfrHwifoGif;cGifh&Sdonf/

330/ EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qkdif&m cHk½Hk;tzGJU0ifwpfOD;onf -

(u) vTwfawmfwpf&yf&yf\ udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfvQif EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHk

tajccHOya'qdkif&m cHk½Hk;tzGJU0iftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh aeYrS

pí vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS EkwfxGufNyD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf?

144

(b) if he is a Civil Services personnel, be deemed to have retired from the

Civil Services in accord with the existing Civil Services Regulations

commencing from the day he has been appointed as a member of the

Constitutional Tribunal of the Union;

(c) if he is a member of any political party, he shall not take part in its party

activities during his term, commencing from the day he has been appointed

a member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union.

331. If a member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union wishes to resign on his own

volition from office before the expiry of his term due to any reason, he may do so, after

submitting his resignation in writing to the President.

332. If the position of a member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union is vacant for

any reason, the President may appoint a new member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the

Union in accord with the provisions under the Constitution.

Qualifications of the Member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union

333. The President, the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Speaker of the Amyotha

Hluttaw shall select from among the Hluttaw representatives or among those who are not

Hluttaw representatives with three members each who has the following qualifications :

(a) person who has attained the age of 50 years;

(b) person who has qualifications, with the exception of the age limit, prescribed

in Section 120 for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;

145

( c ) EdkifiHh0efxrf;jzpfvQif EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m ckH½kH;tzGJU0if

tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí wnfqJ0efxrf;pnf;rsOf;

pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD 0efxrf;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;jzpfonf[k

rSwf,l&rnf?

( * ) EdkifiHa&;ygwDwpfckckü tzGJU0ifjzpfvQif EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'

qdkif&m ckH½kH;tzGJU0iftjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí rdrd&mxl;

oufwrf;twGif; ,if;ygwDtzGJUtpnf;\ ygwDvkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0if

aqmif&Gufjcif;rjyK&/

331/ EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m ckH½kH;tzGJU0ifwpfOD;OD;onf &mxl;

oufwrf;rukefqkH;rD taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh rdrdoabmqE´tavsmuf &mxl;rS

EkwfxGufvdkvQif xdkodkYEkwfxGufvdkaMumif; EdkifiHawmfor®wxH pmjzifhwifjyNyD; &mxl;rS

EkwfxGufEdkifonf/

332/ taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m ckH½kH;tzGJU0if

&mxl;ae&mvpfvyfvQif EdkifiHawmfor®wonf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuf

rsm;ESifhtnD EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m ckH½kH;tzGJU0iftopftm; cefYtyf

wm0efay;Edkifonf/

EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m ckH½kH;tzGJU0if\ t&nftcsif;

333/ EdkifiHawmfor®w? jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESifh trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|wkdYonf

vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJujzpfap? vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fr[kwfolrsm;xJu

jzpfap atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpHkolrsm;teufrS tzGJU0if okH;OD;pDudk

a&G;cs,f&rnf -

(u) touf 50 ESpf jynfhNyD;ol?

( c ) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolY

vTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;aom t&nftcsif;

rsm;ESifh jynfhpkHol?

145

(c) person whoes qualification does not breach the provisions under Section

121 which disqualify a person standing for election as Pyithu Hluttaw

representatives;

(d) (i) person who has served as a Judge of the High Court of the Region

or State for at least five years; or

(ii) person who has served as a Judicial Officer or a Law Officer at

least 10 years not lower than that of the Region or State level for;

or

(iii) person who has practised as an Advocate for at least 20 years; or

(iv) person who is, in the opinion of the President, an eminent jurist.

(e) person who is not a member of a political party;

(f) person who is not a Hluttaw representative;

(g) person who has political, administrative, economic and security outlook;

(h) person loyal to the Union and its citizens.

Impeachment of the Chairperson and the Members of the Constitutional Tribunal

of the Union

334. (a) The Chairperson and members of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union

may be impeached on any of the following reasons :

(i) high treason;

(ii) breach of any of the provisions under the Constitution;

(iii) misconduct;

(iv) disqualification of the qualifications of member of the Constitutional

Tribunal of the Union prescribed under Section 333;

(v) inefficient discharge of duties assigned by law.

146

( * ) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfY jynfolYvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;

tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifhr&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;

NidpGef;jcif;r&Sdol?

(C) (1) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;

tjzpf tenf;qkH; ig;ESpf aqmif&GufcJhol okdYr[kwf

(2) wkdif;a'oBuD; okd Yr[kwf jynfe,ftqifhxufredrf haom

w&m;a&;t&m&Sd okdYr[kwf Oya't&m&Sd&mxl;wGif tenf;qkH; 10

ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhol okdYr[kwf

(3) w&m;vTwfawmffa&SUaetjzpf tenf;qkH; 20 ESpf trIvkdufyg

aqmif&GufcJhol okdYr[kwf

(4) xifay:ausmfMum;onfh *kPfowif;&Sdaom Oya'ynm&Siftjzpf

EkdifiHawmfor®wu ,lqol/

( i ) EkdifiHa&;ygwD0ifr[kwfol?

( p ) vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fr[kwfol?

(q) EdkifiHa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vHkNcHKa&;tjrif&Sdol?

( Z ) EdkifiHawmfESifh EdkifiHom;rsm;tay: opöm&Sdol/

EdkifiHawmfzG JUpnf;yk HtajccHOya'qdkif&m ckH½k H;Ouú|ESif h tzGJU0ifrsm;tm; pGyfpJ G

jypfwifjcif;

334/ (u) EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m ckH½kH;Ouú|ESifh tzGJU0ifwpfOD;OD;tm;

atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGyfpGJjypfwifEdkifonf

(1) EdkifiHawmf\ aus;Zl;opömawmfudk azmufzsufjcif;?

(2) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfudk azmufzsuf

usL;vGefjcif;?

(3) tusifhodu©mysufjym;jcif;?

(4) yk'fr 333 wGif owfrSwfxm;onfh EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccH

Oya'qdkif&m ckH½kH;tzGJU0if\ t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;jcif;?

(5) Oya't& ay;tyfaom wm0efrsm;ukd ausyGefpGm raqmif&Gufjcif;/

146

(b) If the Chairperson or any member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the

Union is to be impeached, it shall be done so in accord with the

impeachment provisions as prescribed under Section 302 of the Chief

Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union.

Term of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union

335. The term of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union is the same as that of the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw being five years. However, the ongoing Constitution Tribunal of the

Union, on expiry of its term, shall continue its functions till the President forms a new

Tribunal under the Constitution.

336. The formation and communication of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union,

duties, powers and rights of the Chairperson and members of the Tribunal shall be prescribed

by law.

147

( c ) EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m ckH½kH;Ouú|ESifh tzGJU0ifwpfOD;OD;tay:

pGyfpGJjypfwifvdkygu jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf jynfaxmifpk

w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;wpfOD;OD;tm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;ESifh

pyfvsOf;í yk'fr 302 yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&rnf/

EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&mcHk½Hk;\ oufwrf;

335/ EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&mcHk½Hk;\ oufwrf;onf jynfaxmifpk

vTwfawmf\ oufwrf;ESifhtnD ig;ESpfjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif oufwrf;ukefqHk;NyD;

jzpfaomfvnf; vuf&Sdwm0efxrf;aqmifvsuf&Sdaom EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'

qdkif&mcHk½Hk;onf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& EdkifiHawmfor®wu EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHk

tajccHOya'qdkif&mcHk½Hk;topf zGJUpnf;NyD;onfhtcsdeftxd rdrd\vkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk

qufvufwm0efxrf;aqmif&rnf/

336/ EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckH½kH;\ zGJUpnf;rI? qufoG,frI? ckH½kH;Ouú| ESifh

tzGJU0ifrsm;\ wm0efrsm;? vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;? &ydkifcGifhrsm; ponfwdkYudk Oya'jy|mef; owfrSwf

&rnf/

147

Chapter VIIDefence Services

tcef; (7)tcef; (7)tcef; (7)tcef; (7)tcef; (7)wyfrawmfwyfrawmfwyfrawmfwyfrawmfwyfrawmf

Chapter VII

Defence Services

337. The main armed force for the Defence of the Union is the Defence Services.

338. All the armed forces in the Union shall be under the command of the Defence

Services.

339. The Defence Services shall lead in safeguarding the Union against all internal and

external dangers.

340. With the approval of the National Defence and Security Council, the Defence

Services has the authority to administer the participation of the entire people in the Security

and Defence of the Union. The strategy of the people’s militia shall be carried out under

the leadership of the Defence Services.

341. The Defence Services shall render assistance when calamities that affects the Union

and its citizens occur in the Union.

342. The President shall appoint the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services

with the proposal and approval of the National Defence and Security Council.

343. In the adjudication of Military justice :

(a) the Defence Services personnel may be administered in accord with law

collectively or singly;

(b) the decision of the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services is final

and conclusive.

344. A law shall be enacted to provide assistance and care for disabled Defence Services

personnel and the families of deceased or fallen Defence Services personnel.

tcef;(7)tcef;(7)tcef;(7)tcef;(7)tcef;(7)wyfrawmfwyfrawmfwyfrawmfwyfrawmfwyfrawmf

337/ wyfrawmfonf Ed kifiHawmfumuG,fa&;twGuf t"dutusqHk;aomvufeufudkifwyfzJGU jzpfonf/

338/ EdkifiHawmftwGif;&Sd vufeufudkiftzJGUtpnf;tm;vHk;onf wyfrawmf\uGyfuJrIatmufwGif&Sd&rnf/

339/ EdkifiHawmftm;jynfwGif;? jynfytEÅ&m,frsm;rSumuG,fa&;twGuf wyfrawmfuOD;aqmif&rnf/

340/ wyfrawmfonf trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&;aumifpD\ oabmwlnDcsufjzihf EkdifiHawmfvHkNcHKa&;ESihf umuG,fa&;wGif jynfolwpf&yfvHk;yg0ifa&;twGuf pDrHaqmif&GufcGifh&Sdonf/ wyfrawmf\OD;aqmifrIjzihf jynfolYppfr[mAsL[mudk azmfaqmif&rnf/

341/ EdkifiHawmfwGif EdkifiHawmfESihf EdkifiHom;rsm;twGuf ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;usa&mufvmvQif wyfrawmfuulnDaqmif&Guf&rnf/

342/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&;aumifpD\ tqdkjyKaxmufcHcsufjzihf wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfudk cefYtyfwm0efay;&rnf/

343/ ppfbufw&m;pD&if&mwGif -(u) wyfrawmfom;rsm;twGuf tzJGUjzihfjzpfap? wpfOD;wnf;jzpfap Oya'ESihf

tnD pD&ifEdkifonf?( c ) wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf\ tqHk;tjzwfonf tNyD;tjywf

jzpfonf/344/ roefrpGrf;jzpfoGm;aom wyfrawmfom;rsm;ESifh aoqHk;aom odkYr[kwf usqHk;aomwyfrawmfom;rsm;\rdom;pkrsm;tm; axmufyHhapmihfa&Smufa&;wdkYtwGuf Oya'jy|mef;&rnf/

Chapter VIIICitizen, Fundamental Rights

and Duties of the Citizens

tcef; (8)tcef; (8)tcef; (8)tcef; (8)tcef; (8)EkdifiHom;? EkdifiHom;rsm;\EkdifiHom;? EkdifiHom;rsm;\EkdifiHom;? EkdifiHom;rsm;\EkdifiHom;? EkdifiHom;rsm;\EkdifiHom;? EkdifiHom;rsm;\

rlvtcGifhta&;ESifh wm0efrsm;rlvtcGifhta&;ESifh wm0efrsm;rlvtcGifhta&;ESifh wm0efrsm;rlvtcGifhta&;ESifh wm0efrsm;rlvtcGifhta&;ESifh wm0efrsm;

Chapter VIII

Citizen, Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Citizens

345. All persons who have either one of the following qualifications are citizens of the

Republic of the Union of Myanmar:

(a) person born of parents both of whom are nationals of the Republic of the

Union of Myanmar;

(b) person who is already a citizen according to law on the day this Constitution

comes into operation.

346. Citizenship, naturalization and revocation of citizenship shall be as prescribed by

law.

347. The Union shall guarantee any person to enjoy equal rights before the law and

shall equally provide legal protection.

348. The Union shall not discriminate any citizen of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar,

based on race, birth, religion, official position, status, culture, sex and wealth.

349. Citizens shall enjoy equal opportunity in carrying out the following functions :

(a) public employment;

(b) occupation;

(c) trade;

(d) business;

(e) technical know-how and vocation;

(f) exploration of art, science and technology.

tcef;(8)tcef;(8)tcef;(8)tcef;(8)tcef;(8)EdkfifiHom;? EdkifiHom;rsm;\ rlvtcGifhta&;ESifh wm0efrsm;EdkfifiHom;? EdkifiHom;rsm;\ rlvtcGifhta&;ESifh wm0efrsm;EdkfifiHom;? EdkifiHom;rsm;\ rlvtcGifhta&;ESifh wm0efrsm;EdkfifiHom;? EdkifiHom;rsm;\ rlvtcGifhta&;ESifh wm0efrsm;EdkfifiHom;? EdkifiHom;rsm;\ rlvtcGifhta&;ESifh wm0efrsm;

345/ atmufazmfjyygt&nftcsif;wpf&yf&yfESifhjynfhpHkolrsm;onf jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmf\ EdkifiHom;rsm;jzpfMuonf -

(u) jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmf\ wdkif;&if;om;rdbESpfyg;rS arG;zGm;ol?( c ) þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya' twnfjyKjy|mef;onfhaeYwGif Oya't&

EdkifiHom;jzpfNyD;ol/

346/ EdkifiHom;jzpfjcif;? EdkifiHom;jyKjcif;ESifh EkdifiHom;tjzpfrS&yfpJjcif;wdkYonf Oya'jzifhjy|mef;onfhtwdkif; jzpfap&rnf/

347/ EkdifiHawmfonf rnfolYudkrqdk Oya't&mwGif wef;wlnDrQtcGifhta&;&&Sdap&rnf/xkdYjyif Oya'\tumtuG,fudkvnf; wef;wlnDrQpGm &,lydkifcGifhay;&rnf/

348/ EkdifiHawmfonf jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmf\ rnfonfhEdkifiHom;udkrQvlrsKd;? Zmwd? udk;uG,f&mbmom? &mxl;XmeEÅ&? tqifhtwef;? ,Ofaus;rI? trsKd;om;?trsKd;orD;? qif;&Jcsrf;omwdkYudk taMumif;jyKícGJjcm;rIr&Sdap&/

349/ EdkifiHom;rsm;onf atmufygvkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf&mwGifwlnDaomtcGihftvrf;&&Sdap&rnf -

(u) jynfolY0efxrf; wm0efxrf;aqmifrI?( c ) tvkyfvkyfudkifrI?( * ) ukefoG,fa&mif;0,f azmufum;rI?(C) pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; vkyfudkifrI?( i ) twwfynmESifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rI?( p ) 0dZÆmynm? odyÜHynmESifh enf;ynm&yfrsm; &SmazGazmfxkwfrI/

350. Women shall be entitled to the same rights and salaries as that received by men in

respect of similar work.

351. Mothers, children and expectant women shall enjoy equal rights as prescribed by

law.

352. The Union shall, upon specified qualifications being fulfilled, in appointing or assigning

duties to civil service personnel, not discriminate for or against any citizen of the Republic

of the Union of Myanmar, based on race, birth, religion, and sex. However, nothing in this

Section shall prevent appointment of men to the positions that are suitable for men only.

353. Nothing shall, except in accord with existing laws, be detrimental to the life and

personal freedom of any person.

354. Every citizen shall be at liberty in the exercise of the following rights, if not contrary

to the laws, enacted for Union security, prevalence of law and order, community peace

and tranquility or public order and morality:

(a) to express and publish freely their convictions and opinions;

(b) to assemble peacefully without arms and holding procession;

(c) to form associations and organizations;

(d) to develop their language, literature, culture they cherish, religion they

profess, and customs without prejudice to the relations between one

national race and another or among national races and to other faiths.

355. Every citizen shall have the right to settle and reside in any place within the Republic

of the Union of Myanmar according to law.

150

350/ trsKd;orD;rsm;onf wlnDaomtvkyfftwGuf trsKd;om;rsm;cHpm;cGifh&SdaomtcGifhta&;ESifhvpmwkdYudk cHpm;cGifh&Sdonf/

351/ rdcifrsm;? uav;oli,frsm;ESifh udk,f0efaqmiftrsKd;orD;rsm;onf Oya't&owfrSwfxm;aom oufqdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm;udk tnDtrQcHpm;cGifh&Sdap&rnf/

352/ EdkifiHawmfonf tvkyftudkifcefYxm;&mwGifjzpfap? EdkifiHh0efxrf;a&G;cs,fwm0efay;&mwGifjzpfap owfrSwfaomt&nftcsif;ESifhjynfhpHkygu jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEkdifiHawmf\ rnfonfhEdkifiHom;udkrQ vlrsKd;? Zmwd? udk;uG,f&mbmom omoem? trsKd;om;?trsKd;orD;udktaMumif;jyKvsuf &mxl;a&G;cs,fcefYxm;jcif;udk cGJjcm;rIrjyK&/ odkY&mwGiftrsKd;om;rsm;ESifhomavsmfuefoifhjrwfonfh &mxl;wm0efrsm;twGuf trsKd;om;rsm;tm;a&G;cs,fcefYxm;jcif;udk þyk'frt& t[efYtwm;rjzpfap&/

353/ rnfolYudkrQ wnfqJOya'ESifhtnDrSwpfyg; toufudkjzpfap? yk*¾dKvfqdkif&mvGwfvyfrIudkjzpfap epfemqHk;½IH;rIr&Sdap&/

354/ EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf EdkkifiHawmfvHkjcHKa&;? w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&; odkYr[kwf jynfolwkdkY\udk,fusifhw&m;tusdK;iSm jy|mef;xm;onfhOya'rsm;ESifh rqefYusifvQif atmufygtcGifhta&;rsm;udk vGwfvyfpGmoHk;pGJaqmif&GufcGifh&Sdonf -

(u) rdrd\ ,HkMunfcsuf? xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm xkwfazmfajymqkdcGifh? a&;om;jzefYa0cGifh?

( c ) vufeufrygbJ Nidrf;csrf;pGmpka0;cGifh? pDwef;vSnfhvnfcGifh?( * ) toif;tzGJU odkYr[kwf tpnf;t½Hk;rsm; zGJUpnf;aqmif&GufcGifh?(C) wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd; wpfrsKd;ESifhwpfrsKd; odkYr[kwf wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;

tcsif;csif;ukdvnf;aumif;? tjcm;bmomomoemukdvnf;aumif;xdcdkufepfemrIr&SdapbJ rdrdcspfcifjrwfEdkk;onfh pum;? pmay? ,Ofaus;rI?udk;uG,fonfhbmomomoemESifh "avhxHk;wrf;rsm;udk vGwfvyfpGmaqmif&GufydkifcGifh/

355/ EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEkdifiHawmftwGif; rnfonfht&yfa'oürqkd Oya'ESifhtnD tajcpdkufaexkdifcGifh&Sdonf/

150

356. The Union shall protect according to law movable and immovable properties of

every citizen that are lawfully acquired.

357. The Union shall protect the privacy and security of home, property, correspondence

and other communications of citizens under the law subject to the provisions of this

Constitution.

358. The Union prohibits the enslaving and trafficking in persons.

359. The Union prohibits forced labor except hard labor as a punishment for crime duly

convicted and duties assigned by the Union in accord with the law in the interest of the

public.

360. (a) The freedom of religious right given in Section 34 shall not include any

economic, financial, political or other secular activities that may be

associated with religious practice.

(b) The freedom of religious practice so guaranteed shall not debar the Union

from enacting law for the purpose of public welfare and reform.

361. The Union recognizes special position of Buddhism as the faith professed by the

great majority of the citizens of the Union.

362. The Union also recognizes Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Animism as the religions

existing in the Union at the day of the coming into operation of this Constitution.

363. The Union may assist and protect the religions it recognizes to its utmost.

151

356/ EdkifiHawmfonf EdkifiHom;rsm;\ w&m;0if&&Sdydkifqkdifxm;aom a&TUajymif;Ekdifaomypönf;? ra&TUrajymif;Ekdifaomypönf;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í Oya't& umuG,fay;&rnf/

357/ þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhrqefYusifvQif EdkifiHawmfonfEdkifiHom;rsm;\ aetdrfOypmvHkNcHKrI? ypönf;vHkNcHKrI? pmay;pm,lESifh tjcm;qufoG,fa&;qdkif&mvHkNcHKrIrsm;twGuf Oya't&umuG,fay;&rnf/

358/ EdkifiHawmfonf aus;uRefjyKrIESifh vlukeful;rIrsm;udk wm;jrpfonf/

359/ EdkifiHawmfonf Oya'usL;vGefí jypf'Pfay;jcif;udkcH&ojzifh tvkyf'Pfxrf;aqmifcdkif;jcif;ESifh trsm;jynfoltusKd;twGufaqmif&Guf&ef EdkifiHawmfu Oya'ESifhtnD wm0efcsxm;jcif;rSwpfyg; t"r®apcdkif;jcif;udk wm;jrpfonf/

360/ (u) bmomomoema&;qkdif&m udk;uG,faqmufwnfrIonf pD;yGm;a&;?b@ma&;? EdkifiHa&;? tjcm;avmuDa&;&m aqmif&GufrIwpfckckESifh qufpyfaeygu yk'fr 34 yg bmomomoema&;qdkif&m vGwfvyfcGifhrsm;wGifryg0ifap&?

( c ) xkdodkY bmomomoema&;ESifhpyfvsOf;í vGwfvyfaomtcGifhta&;rsm;udkay;xm;aomfvnf; trsm;jynfoltusKd;udpöESifh jyKjyifa&;udpöwkdYtwGufEdkifiHawmf\Oya'jyKjcif;udk rwm;jrpf&/

361/ EdkifiHawmfonf Ak'bmomomoemawmfudk EdkifiHawmf\ EdkifiHom;trsm;qHk;udk;uG,f&mjzpfaom *kPfxl;0daooESifhjynfhpHkonfh bmomomoemjzpfonf[kEdkifiHawmfu todtrSwfjyKonf/

362/ EkdifiHawmfonf c&pf,mefbmomomoem? tpövmrfbmomomoem? [dE´LbmomomoemESifh ewfudk;uG,faombmomwdkYudk þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'tmPmwnfaomaeYü EdkifiHawmfwGif&SdaeMuaom udk;uG,f&mbmomrsm;[lí todtrSwfjyKonf/

363/ EdkifiHawmfonf todtrSwfjyKxm;aom bmomomoemrsm;udk wwfEdkiforQulnDapmifha&Smufrnf/

151

364. The abuse of religion for political purposes is forbidden. Moreover, any act which

is intended or is likely to promote feelings of hatred, enmity or discord between racial or

religious communities or sects is contrary to this Constitution. A law may be promulgated

to punish such activity.

365. Every citizen shall, in accord with the law, have the right to freely develop literature,

culture, arts, customs and traditions they cherish. In the process, they shall avoid any act

detrimental to national solidarity. Moreover, any particular action which might adversely

affect the interests of one or several other national races shall be taken only after co-

ordinating with and obtaining the settlement of those affected.

366. Every citizen, in accord with the educational policy laid down by the Union :

(a) has the right to education;

(b) shall be given basic education which the Union prescribes by law as

compulsory;

(c) have the right to conduct scientific research explore science, work with

creativity and write to develop the arts and conduct research freely other

branches of culture.

367. Every citizen shall, in accord with the health policy laid down by the Union, have

the right to health care.

368. The Union shall honour and assist citizens who are outstanding in education

irrespective of race, religion and sex according to their qualifications.

152

364/ EdkifiHa&;udpötvdkYiSm bmomomoemudk tvGJoHk;pm;rjyK&/ xdkYjyif vlrsKd;a&;aMumifhaomfvnf;aumif;? bmoma&;aMumifhaomfvnf;aumif; wpfzufESifhwpfzuf?wpf*dkPf;ESifhwpf*dkPf; rkef;wD;jcif;? &efrljcif;? pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;wpfrsKd;rsKd; ay:aygufvmap&ef&nf&G,faom odkYr[kwf ay:aygufvm&eftaMumif;&Sdaom tjyKtrlonf þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifh qefYusifonf/ xdktjyKtrlrsKd;twGuf jypf'Pfay;Edkif&ef Oya'jy|mef;Edkifonf/

365/ EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf Oya'ESifhtnD rdrdwdkYtjrwfwEkd;xm;&Sdaom pmay? ,Ofaus;rI?tEkynmESifh"avhxHk;wrf;wdkYudk vGwfvyfpGm jyKpkysKd;axmifaqmif&GufydkifcGifh &Sdonf/,if;odkYaqmif&Guf&mwGif wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;udk xdyg;rIr&Sdap&ef a&SmifMuOf&rnf/ xdkYjyif rdrdwdkY\aqmif&GufrIonf tjcm;wdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;udkjzpfap?vlrsKd;rsm;udkjzpfap xdcdkufepfemapEdkifvQif oufqdkifolrsm;tcsif;csif;n§dEIdif;í ajyvnfrI&&SdNyD;rSom aqmif&GufcGifh&Sdonf/

366/ EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf EdkifiHawmfucsrSwfxm;aom ynma&;qdkif&mrl0g'rsm;ESifhtnD -

(u) ynmoifMum;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf?( c ) Oya'jzifhjy|mef;onfh roifrae&tajccHynmrsm;udk oifMum;&rnf?( * ) odyÜHynmpl;prf;&SmazGrI? pmayESifh tEkynmacwfrDwkd;wufap&ef wDxGif

MuHqazmfxkwfa&;om;rIESifh ,Ofaus;rIudpörsm;wGif vGwfvyfpGmokawoejyK azmfxkwfaqmif&GufcGifh&Sdonf/

367/ EdkifiHom;wkdif;onf EkdifiHawmfucsrSwfxm;aom usef;rma&;qkdif&mrl0g'rsm;ESihftnD usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrIukd cH,lcGihf&Sdonf/

368/ EdkifiHawmfonf ynm&nfxl;cRefaom EdkifiHom;rsm;tm; vlrsKd;? udk;uG,f&mbmom?trsKd;om;? trsKd;orD;cGJjcm;rIrxm;&SdbJ ,if;wdkY\ t&nftcsif;tvdkuf csD;ajr§mufaxmufyHhrnf/

152

369. (a) Subject to this Constitution and relevant laws, every citizen has the

right to elect and right to be elected to the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Amyotha

Hluttaw, and the Region or State Hluttaw.

(b) Relevant electorate has the right to recall a Hluttaw representative in accord

with the law.

370. Every citizen has, in accord with the law, the right to conduct business freely in the

Union, for national economic development.

371. The Union may assist the access to technology, investment, machinery, raw material,

so forth, for national economic development.

372. The Union guarantees the right to ownership, the use of property and the right to

private invention and patent in the conducting of business if it is not contrary to the provisions

of this Constitution and the existing laws.

373. Any person who committed a crime, shall be convicted only in accord with the

relevant law then in operation. Moreover, he shall not be penalized to a penalty greater

than that is applicable under that law.

374. Any person convicted or acquitted by a competent court for an offence shall not

be retried unless a superior court annuls the judgment and orders the retrial.

375. An accused shall have the right of defence in accord with the law.

153

369/ (u) EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifhjzpfap? oufqdkif&mOya'rsm;ESifhjzpfap rqefYusifvQif jynfolYvTwfawmf? trsKd;om;vTwfawmf?wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf wpf&yf&yfwGifa&G;aumufwifajr§mufcGifhESifh a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifh&Sdonf?

( c ) oufqdkif&m rJqE´&Sifrsm;onf vTwfawmfwpf&yf&yfrS vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fudk Oya'ESifhtnD wm0efrS jyefvnf½kyfodrf;cGifh&Sdonf/

370/ EdkifiHom;rsm;onf EdkifiHawmftwGif; trsKd;om;pD;yGm;a&; zGHUNzKd;wdk;wufapa&;twGuf pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk Oya'ESifhtnD vGwfvyfpGmvkyfudkifaqmif&GufcGifh&Sdonf/

371/ EdkifiHawmfonf trsKd;om;pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufapa&;twGuf enf;ynm?t&if;tESD;? pufrIypönf;? ukefMurf; tp&SdonfwdkYudk &&Sdap&efulnDrnf/

372/ þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif;? wnfqJOya'rsm;ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif; rqefYusifapbJ pD;yGm;a&;udpörsm;udk aqmif&Guf&mwGifypönf;ydkifqkdifcGifh? oHk;pGJcGifhESifh udk,fydkifwDxGifcGifh? rlydkifcGifhwdkYudk EdkifiHawmfu tmrcHonf/

373/ jypfrIusL;vGefol rnfolYudkrqdk ,if;jypfrIusL;vGefonfhtcsdefu twnfjzpfvsuf&Sdaom oufqdkif&mOya't&om jypfrIxif&Sm;pD&if&rnf/ xdkYjyif ,if;Oya't&csrSwfEdkifaom jypf'Pfxufydkí csrSwfjcif;rjyK&/

374/ wpfOD;wpfa,mufonf pD&ifydkifcGifh&Sdaomw&m;½Hk;u jypfrIwpf&yftwGuf jypfrIxif&Sm;pD&ifjcif;cH&vQifjzpfap? trIrStNyD;tjywfvTwfjcif;cH&vQifjzpfap tqdkygjypfrIxif&Sm;pD&ifonfhpD&ifcsuf odkYr[kwf trIrStNyD;tjywfvTwfonfhpD&ifcsufudk tqifhjrifhw&m;½Hk;uy,fzsufNyD; trIudktopfwpfzefjyefvnfppfaq;ap&ef trdefYcsrSwfonfhtcgrSwpfyg; ,if;jypfrItwGuf xdkoltm; xyfrHppfaq;jcif;rjyK&/

375/ jypfrIusL;vGefaMumif; pGyfpJGcH&olwpfOD;OD;onf Oya'ESihftnD ckcHacsycGifh&Sdap&rnf/

153

376. No person shall, except matters on precautionary measures taken for the security

of the Union or prevalence of law and order, peace and tranquility in accord with the law

in the interest of the public, or the matters permitted according to an existing law, be held

in custody for more than 24 hours without the remand of a competent magistrate.

377. In order to obtain a right given by this Chapter, application shall be made in accord

with the stipulations, to the Supreme Court of the Union.

378. (a) In connection with the filing of application for rights granted under this

Chapter, the Supreme Court of the Union shall have the power to issue

the following writs as suitable :

(1) Writ of Habeas Corpus;

(2) Writ of Mandamus;

(3) Writ of Prohibition;

(4) Writ of Quo Warranto;

(5) Writ of Certiorari.

(b) The right to issue writs by the Supreme Court of the Union shall not affect

the power of other courts to issue order that has the nature of writs

according to the existing laws.

379. At the time of the occurrence the following situation, the rights under Section 377

shall not be suspended unless the public safety may so require :

(a) in time of war;

(b) in time of foreign invasion;

(c) in time of insurrection.

154

376/ EdkifiHawmfvHkNcHKa&;? w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;? trsm;jynfolat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhtrsm;jynfoltusKd;iSm Oya'ESifhtnD BuKdwifumuG,fxm;&Sd&efvdktyfaomudpö okdYr[kwfwnfqJOya'wpf&yf&yft& cGifhjyKonfhudpörSwpfyg; pD&ifydkifcGifh&Sdaom w&m;olBuD;\csKyfrdefYr&&SdbJ rnfolYudkrQ 24 em&Dxufydkí csKyfaESmifjcif;rjyK&/

377/ þtcef;ü ay;tyfxm;aom tcGif hta&;wpf&yf&yfudk &,lvdkygvQifowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfodkY avQmufxm;ydkifcGifh &Sd&rnf/

378/ (u) þtcef;ü ay;tyfxm;aomtcGifhta&;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í avQmufxm;vmonfhudpö&yfrsm;wGif jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfonf atmufazmfjyyg pmcRefawmftrdefYwpf&yf&yfudk oifhavsmfonfhtwkdif; xkwfqifhay;cGifhtmPm&Sd&rnf -(1) a&SUawmfoGif;pmcRefawmftrdefY?(2) tmPmay;pmcRefawmftrdefY?(3) wm;jrpfappmcRefawmftrdefY?(4) tmPmydkifar;pmcRefawmftrdefY?(5) trIac:pmcRefawmftrdefY/

( c ) jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfodkY tyfESif;onfhpmcRefawmftrdefYrsm;xkwfqifhcGifhtmPmonf tjcm;w&m;½kH;rsm;tm; wnfqJOya'rsm;t& tyfESif;xm;onfh pmcRefawmftrdefYoabmrsKd;oufa&mufonfhtrdefYxkwfqifhydkifcGifhtmPmudk rxdcdkufap&/

379/ atmufazmfjyyg tajctaewpf&yf&yfay:aygufcsdefwGif trsm;jynfolvHkjcHKa&;twGuf vdktyfonfhudpörSwpfyg; yk'fr 377 yg tcGifhta&;rsm;awmif;cHydkifcGifhudk&yfqdkif;xm;jcif;rjyK& -

(u) ppfrufjzpfyGm;csdef?( c ) wkdif;wpfyg;rS usL;ausmf0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufcsdef?( * ) qlylaomif;usef;rIrsm; jzpfay:aecsdef/

154

380. Every citizen who has relations with foreign countries shall have the right to seek

protection of the Union at home or abroad.

381. Except in the following situations and time, no citizen shall be denied redress by

due process of law for grievances entitled under law :

(a) in time of foreign invasion;

(b) in time of insurrection;

(c) in time of emergency.

382. In order to carry out their duties fully and to maintain the discipline by the Defence

Forces personnel or members of the armed forces responsible to carry out peace and

security, the rights given in this Chapter shall be restricted or revoked through enactment

to law.

383. Every citizen has the duty to uphold :

(a) non-disintegration of the Union;

(b) non-disintegration of national solidarity;

(c) perpetuation of sovereignty.

384. Every citizen has duty to abide by the provisions of this Constitution.

385. Every citizen has the duty to safeguard independence, sovereignty and territorial

integrity of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

386. Every citizen has the duty to undergo military training in accord with the provisions

of the law and to serve in the Armed Forces to defend the Union.

155

380/ EdkifiHjcm;wkdif;wpfyg;ESifhqufqHaom EkdifiHom;wkdif;onf jynfwGif;üjzpfap?jynfyüjzpfap EdkifiHawmf\umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIudk awmif;cHcGifh&Sdonf/

381/ atmuffazmfjyyg tajctaeESifhtcsdeftcgrSwpfyg; EkdifiHom;rsm;\w&m;0if&ydkifcGifh&Sdaom epfemcsufrsm;twGuf Oya'jzifhowfrSwfxm;aom &,lydkifcGifhrsm;udkjiif;y,fjcif;rjyK& -

(u) wkdif;wpfyg;rS usL;ausmf0ifa&mufwkdufcdkufcsdef?( c ) qlylaomif;usef;rIrsm; jzpfay:aecsdef?( * ) ta&;ay:tajctae jzpfay:aecsdef/

382/ umuG,fa&;wyfzGJU0ifrsm; odkYr[kwf Nidrf0yfydjym;a&;ESifh vHkjcHKa&;wm0efxrf;aqmif&aomwyfzGJU0ifrsm;tm; ,if;wdk Y\wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk ausyGefpGmxrf;aqmifEkdifa&;ESifh pnf;urf;ao0yfrIrsm;&Sdapa&;wdkYtwGuf þtcef;ü ay;tyfxm;aomtcGifhta&;rsm;teuf uefYowf&ef odk Yr[kwf zsufodrf;&ef vdktyfaomtcGifhta&;rsm;udk Oya'jy|mef;í uefYowfjcif; odkYr[kwf zsufodrf;jcif;jyK&rnf/

383/ EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf atmufygwdkYudk apmifhxdef;&efwm0ef&Sdonf -(u) jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&;?( c ) wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrIrNydKuGJa&;?( * ) tcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfwhHcdkifNrJa&;/

384/ EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;udk vdkufemapmifhxdef;&ef wm0ef&Sdonf/

385/ jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmf\ vGwfvyfa&;? tcsKyftjcmtmPmESifhe,fajrwnfwHhcdkifNrJa&;wkdYudk umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;onf EdkifiHom;wdkif;\ wm0efjzpfonf/

386/ EkdifiHom;wkdif;onf Oya'jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD ppfynmoifMum;&efESifhEdkifiHawmfumuG,fa&;twGuf ppfrIxrf;&efwm0ef&Sdonf/

155

387. Every citizen, with the Union Spirit, has the duty to enhance unity among national

races and to ensure public peace and stability.

388. Every citizen has the duty for the emergence of a modern developed Nation.

389. Every citizen has the duty to pay taxes to be levied according to the law.

390. Every citizen has the duty to assist the Union in carrying out the following matters :

(a) preservation and safeguarding of cultural heritage;

(b) environmental conservation;

(c) striving for development of human resources;

(d) protection and preservation of public property.

156

387/ EdkifiHom;wkdif;onf jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwfudktajccHí wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;tcsif;csif; pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;ESifh jynfolwpf&yfvHk;at;csrf;om,ma&;wdkYtwGufBudK;yrf;tm;xkwfaqmif&Guf&ef wm0ef&Sdonf/

388/ acwfrDzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufaom EdkifiHawmfBuD;ay:xGef;apa&;onf EdkifiHom;wdkif;\wm0efjzpfonf/

389/ Ed kifiHom;wdkif;onf Oya't& ay;aqmif&rnfhtcGeftaumufrsm;udkay;aqmif&ef wm0ef&Sdonf/

390/ EkdifiHom;wkdif;onf atmufazmfjyygudpö&yfrsm;wGif EkdifiHawmftm; ulnD&efwm0ef&Sdonf -

(u) trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfudk xdef;odrf;apmihfa&Smufjcif;?( c ) obm0ywf0ef;usifudk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufjcif;?( * ) vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfzHGUNzdK;wdk;wufa&; jrifhrm;vmap&ef BudK;yrf;jcif;?(C) trsm;jynfolydkifypönf;rsm;ukd xdef;odrf;apmihfa&Smufjcif;/

156

Chapter IXElection

tcef; (9)tcef; (9)tcef; (9)tcef; (9)tcef; (9)a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;

Chapter IX

ELECTION

Election of People’s Representatives to the Hluttaws

391. In electing people’s representatives to the Hluttaws :

(a) every citizen who has attained 18 years of age on the day on which the

election commences, who is not disqualified by law, who is eligible to

vote, and person who has the right to vote under the law, shall have the

right to vote;

(b) every citizen who is eligible to vote and person who has the right to vote

under the law shall cast a vote only for each Hluttaw at a constituency in

an election;

(c) Moreover, the relevant national races having right to vote in accord with

the provisions contained in this Constitution have also the right to vote to

elect Hluttaw representatives of national races for their Region or State

Hluttaw;

(d) secret balloting system shall be practised.

392. The following persons shall have no right to vote :

(a) members of religious orders;

(b) persons serving prison terms;

(c) persons determined to be of unsound mind and stands so declared by a

competent Court;

(d) persons who have not yet been declared free from insolvent;

(e) persons disqualified by election law.

393. A Hluttaw candidate has, in an election :

(a) the right to be elected to one Hluttaw only;

(b) the right to stand for one constituency only.

tcef;(9)tcef;(9)tcef;(9)tcef;(9)tcef;(9)a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;

vTwfawmfrsm;odkY jynfolYudk,fpm;vS,frsm; a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;vTwfawmfrsm;odkY jynfolYudk,fpm;vS,frsm; a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;vTwfawmfrsm;odkY jynfolYudk,fpm;vS,frsm; a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;vTwfawmfrsm;odkY jynfolYudk,fpm;vS,frsm; a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;vTwfawmfrsm;odkY jynfolYudk,fpm;vS,frsm; a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;391/ vTwfawmfrsm;odkY jynfolYudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk a&G;aumufwifajr§muf&mwGif -

(u) a&G;aumufyGJpwifusif;yonfhaeY&ufü touf 18 ESpf jynfhí Oya't&t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;olr[kwfonfhtjyif qE´rJay;ydkifcGifh&SdaomEdkifiHom;ESifh Oya't& qErJay;cGifh&Sdolwdkif;onf qErJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf?

( c ) qErJay;ydkifcGifh&SdaomEdkifiHom;ESifh Oya't& qErJay;cGifh&Sdolwdkif;onfa&G;aumufyGJwpf&yfü rJqEe,fwpfe,fwGif vTwfawmfwpf&yfpDtwGufqErJwpfrJom ay;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf?

( * ) xkdYjyif þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD qErJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdaom oufqdkif&mwkdif;&if;om;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\wdkif;a'oBuD;odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmftwGuf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; a&G;aumufwifajr§muf&mwGifvnf; qErJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf?

(C) vQKdU0SufqErJay;jcif;pepfudkusifhokH;&rnf/

392/ atmufygyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf qErJay;ydkifcGifhr&Sdap& -(u) omoemh0efxrf;rsm;?( c ) axmif'PfuscHae&olrsm;?( * ) pdwfayghoGyfaeonf[k oufqdkif&mOya'u jy|mef;xm;onfhtwkdif;

owfrSwfjcif;cH&olrsm;?(C) vlrGJtjzpf qkH;jzwfaMunmcHxm;&jcif;rS vGwfajrmufcGifhr&ao;olrsm;?( i ) a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;qdkif&mOya't& wm;jrpfjcif;cH&olrsm;/

393/ vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;wpfOD;onf a&G;aumufyGJwpf&yfwGif -(u) vTwfawmfwpf&yftwGufom a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifh&Sdonf?( c ) rJqEe,fwpfe,fwGifom a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcH&ef,SOfNydKifcGifh&Sdonf/

394. (a) The electorate residing in the Union Territory or Union Territories

designated by enactment of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw law have the right to

elect the Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw representatives only.

(b) A Region or State Hluttaw representative elected from a territory designated

as a Union Territory through enactment of a Pyidaungsu Hluttaw law, save

as otherwise provided by the law, shall not continue to stand as a

representative of the said Hluttaw.

395. Every citizen who is not disqualified by the provisions under this Constitution or

the provisions of the election law shall have the right to stand for election to any Hluttaw.

Recalling a representative of the Hluttaw

396. (a) A representative of the Hluttaw may be recalled on any of the following

reasons :

(1) high treason;

(2) breach of any provision of this Constitution;

(3) misbehavior;

(4) disqualification prescribed in this Constitution for the Hluttaw

representative;

(5) inefficient discharge of duties assigned to.

(b) A minimum of one percent out of the original voters of the electorate of the

constituency concerned shall submit the complaint to the Union Election

Commission against the Hluttaw representative on whom it wishes to recall.

158

394/ (u) jynfaxmifpke,fajr odkUr[kwf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu Oya'jy|mef;í owfrSwfxm;aom jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm;twGif; rSDwif;aexdkifMuaom rJqE´&Sifrsm;onf jynfolYvTwfawmfESifh trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udkom a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcGifh&Sdonf?

( c ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu Oya'jy|mef;í jynfaxmifpke,fajrtjzpfowfrSwfvdkufaom e,fajrwpfckckrS a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;onfhwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fonf Oya'wGifoD;jcm;cGifhjyKxm;jcif;r&SdvQif ,if;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfqufvuf&yfwnfydkifcGifhr&Sdap&/

395/ þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;t&aomfvnf;aumif;? a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;qdkif&m Oya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm;t&aomfvnf;aumif;? t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;olr[kwfygu EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf vTwfawmfwpf&yf&yfodkY a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifh&Sdonf/

vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwm0efrS jyefvnf½kyfodrf;jcif;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwm0efrS jyefvnf½kyfodrf;jcif;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwm0efrS jyefvnf½kyfodrf;jcif;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwm0efrS jyefvnf½kyfodrf;jcif;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwm0efrS jyefvnf½kyfodrf;jcif;396/ (u) vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;udk atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfaMumifh

wm0efrSjyefvnf½kyfodrf;cGifh&Sdonf -(1) EdkifiHawmf\aus;Zl;opömawmfudk azmufzsufjcif;?(2) þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfudk azmufzsuf

usL;vGefjcif;?(3) tusifhodu©mysufjym;jcif;?(4) þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif owfrSwfxm;onfh oufqkdif&m

vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f\ t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;jcif;?(5) Oya't&ay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;ukd ausyGefpGmraqmif&Gufjcif;/

( c ) oufqdkif&mrJqEe,f\rlvrJqE&Sifrsm;teuf tenf;qkH;wpf&mckdifEIef;wdkYu wm0efrSjyefvnf½kyfodrf;vkdaom vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fESihfywfoufonhfwdkifwef;csufudk jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifxHwifjy&rnf?

158

(c) The Union Election Commission shall conduct the investigation in accord

with the law.

(d) In conducting the investigation on an allegation made to a Hluttaw

representative, he has a right to defend himself in person or through an

agent.

(e) If the Union Election Commission considers that the allegation is true and

that the alleged person should not continue to serve as a Hluttaw

representative any longer, the Union Election Commission shall proceed

in accord with the law.

397. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall enact the necessary laws on matters relating to

‘Election’ and on matters relating to ‘Recall’.

Formation of the Union Election Commission

398. (a) The President shall constitute a Union Election Commission. In constituting

the Commission, he may appoint a minimum of five members including the

chairman of the Union Election Commission in accord with the provisions

on appointment of the Union Minister prescribed in this Constitution.

(b) The chairman and members of the Union Election Commission shall be

persons who :

(1) have attained 50 years of age;

(2) with the exception of the age limit, shall have the qualifications

prescribed for the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;

(3) (aa) have served in the position of the Chief Justice of the Union

or Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union or Judge of

the High Court of the Region or State or a similar position

for a minimum of five years; or

159

( * ) jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sifu Oya'ESihftnDpkHprf;ppfaq;&rnf?(C) pGyfpGJcsufudkpkHprf;ppfaq;onhftcg oufqdkif&mvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f

udk,fwdkifaomfvnf;aumif;? udk,fpm;vS,fjzihf aomfvnf;aumif;acsycGihfay;&rnf?

( i ) jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sifu xdkpGyfpGJcsufonfrSefuefNyD; pGyfpGJcH&olonf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf qufvufxrf;&Gufap&efroihfaMumif; oabm&&SdvQif jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifonfOya'ESihftnD aqmif&Guf&rnf/

397/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;qdkif&m udpörsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;ívnf;aumif;? wm0efrSjyefvnf½kyfodrf;jcif;qdkif&m udpörsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;ívnf;aumif; vkdtyfaomOya'rsm;udk jy|mef;&rnf/

jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif zJGUpnf;jcif;jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif zJGUpnf;jcif;jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif zJGUpnf;jcif;jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif zJGUpnf;jcif;jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif zJGUpnf;jcif;398/ (u) EdkifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif wpf&yfudk

zG JUpnf;&rnf/ ,if;odk YzG JUpnf;&mwGif þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ygjynfaxmifpk0efBuD;cefYxm;jcif;ESihfpyfvsOf;onhf jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihftnDjynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú|tygt0if tzGJU0if tenf;qkH;ig;OD;udk cefYtyfwm0efay;Edkifonf?

( c ) jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú|ESihf tzGJU0ifrsm;onf -(1) touf 50 ESpf jynfhNyD;oljzpf&rnf?(2) toufuefYowfcsufrSty jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;

twGuf owfrSwfxm;onhft&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf jynfhpkHoljzpf&rnf?(3) (uu) jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf jynfaxmifpk

w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;tjzpfjzpfap? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfw&m;olBuD;tjzpf jzpfap? tvm;wl&mxl;wm0ef wpfckckwGifjzpfaptenf;qkH; ig;ESpf aqmif&GufcJholjzpf&rnf odkYr[kwf

159

(bb) have served in the position of the judicial officer or the

law officer not lower than the rank of the Region or State

level for a period of 10 years; or

(cc) have served as a practising lawyer for a minimum of 20

years as an Advocate; or

(dd) shall be deemed by the President to be an eminent person.

(4) shall have integrity and experience;

(5) shall be not relevant with the provisions for disqualification of

election as the Pyithu Hluttaw representative;

(6) shall be loyal to the State and its citizens;

(7) shall not be a member of a political party;

(8) shall not be a Hluttaw representative;

(9) shall not be a person who accepts the position that entitles salary,

allowance or money.

Duties of the Union Election Commission

399. The duties of the Union Election Commission are as follows :

(a) holding Hluttaw elections;

(b) supervising Hluttaw elections; forming different levels of sub-commissions

and supervising thereof;

(c) designating and amending the constituencies;

(d) compiling lists of voters and amending thereof;

(e) postponing elections of the constituencies where free and fair election

cannot be held due to natural disaster or due to local security situation;

160

( cc ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftqifhxufredrfhaomw&m;a&;t&m&Sd odkYr[kwf Oya't&m&Sd&mxl;wGiftenf;qkH; 10 ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJholjzpf&rnfodkYr[kwf

( ** ) w&m;vTwfawmfa&SUaetjzpf tenf;qkH; 20 ESpf trIvkdufygaqmif&GufcJholjzpf&rnf odkYr[kwf

(CC) xifay:ausmfMum;onhf *kPfowif;&Sdaom yk*d¾KvftjzpfEdkifiHawmfor®wu ,lqoljzpf&rnf/

(4) odu©morm"dESihfjynfhpkHNyD; tawGUtBuKH&ihfusufol jzpf&rnf?(5) jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§muf

cHykdifcGihfr&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihf NidpGef;jcif;r&Sdol jzpf&rnf?(6) EdkifiHawmfESihf EdkifiHom;rsm;tay:opöm&Sdoljzpf&rnf?(7) EdkifiHa&;ygwD0ifr[kwfoljzpf&rnf?(8) vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fr[kwfolljzpf&rnf?(9) vpm? p&dwf? aMu;aiG&aomtjcm;rnfonfh&mxl;udkrQ

vufcHjcif;rjyKol jzpf&rnf/

jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif\ wm0efrsm;jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif\ wm0efrsm;jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif\ wm0efrsm;jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif\ wm0efrsm;jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif\ wm0efrsm;399/ jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif\ wm0efrsm;rSmatmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf -

(u) vTwfawmfa&G;aumufyGJrsm; usif;yjcif;?( c ) vTwfawmfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;udk BuD;Muyfjcif;? aumfr&SiftzGJUcGJtqifhqifhudk

zGJUpnf;jcif;ESifh BuD;Muyfapjcif;?( * ) rJqEe,frsm;owfrSwfjcif;ESifh jyifqifowfrSwfjcif;?(C) rJpm&if;rsm;jyKpkjcif;ESifh jyifqifjcif;?( i ) obm0ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh aomfvnf;aumif;? e,fajrvHkjcHKa&;

tajctaet& aomfvnf;aumif; vGwfvyfNyD;w&m;rQwaoma&G;aumufyGJ usif;yEdkifjcif;r&Sdonfh rJqEe,frsm;\ a&G;aumufyGJrsm;udka&TUqdkif;jcif;?

160

(f) prescribing rules relating to elections or political parties in accord with the

provisions of this Constitution, and procedures, directives, so forth, in

accord with the relevant laws;

(g) constituting the election tribunals for trial of disputes relating to election in

accord with the law;

(h) performing duties assigned under a law.

Impeachment of the Chairman or the members of the Union Election Commission

400. (a) The President may impeach the Chairman or the members of the Union

Election Commission for one of the following reasons :

(1) high treason;

(2) breach of any provision of this Constitution;

(3) misconduct;

(4) disqualification on conditions prescribed for the representative

concerned prescribe in this Constitution;

(5) inefficient discharge of duties assigned to.

(b) Impeachment shall be conducted in accord with the procedure laid down

in this Constitution relating to the impeachment of the Chief Justice of the

Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union.

401. (a) If the Chairman or a member of the Union Election Commission during

this term of service wishes to resign on his own accord due to any reason,

he may submit his resignation in writing to the President.

(b) If the seat of the Chairman or the member of the Union Election Commission

is vacant due to resignation, termination of duties, death or any other reason,

161

( p ) a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m odkYr[kwf EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;qdkif&m enf;Oya'rsm;udkþzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD vnf;aumif;?vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;? ñTefMum;csufponfrsm;udk oufqdkif&mOya'rsm;ESifhtnDvnf;aumif; xkwfjyefjcif;?

(q) a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk ppfaq;Edkifa&;twGuf Oya'ESifhtnD a&G;aumufyGJcHktzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;?

( Z ) Oya'wpf&yf&yft& ay;tyfonfhwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifjcif;/

jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú| odkYr[kwf tzGJU0ifrsm;tm; pGyfpJGjypfwifjcif;jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú| odkYr[kwf tzGJU0ifrsm;tm; pGyfpJGjypfwifjcif;jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú| odkYr[kwf tzGJU0ifrsm;tm; pGyfpJGjypfwifjcif;jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú| odkYr[kwf tzGJU0ifrsm;tm; pGyfpJGjypfwifjcif;jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú| odkYr[kwf tzGJU0ifrsm;tm; pGyfpJGjypfwifjcif;400/ (u) EdkifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú| odkYr[kwf

tzGJU0ifwpfOD;OD;tm; atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzih f pGyfpG JjypfwifEdkifonf –(1) EdkifiHawmf\ aus;Zl;opömawmfudk azmufzsufjcif;?(2) þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfudk azmufzsuf

usL;vGefjcif;?(3) tusifhodu©mysufjym;jcif;?(4) þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif oufqdkif&myk*¾dKvftwGuf owfrSwf

xm;onfh t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;jcif;?(5) Oya't& ay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;udk ausyGefpGmraqmif&Gufjcif;/

( c ) jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfw&m;olBuD;wpfOD;OD;udk pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;ESihf pyfvsOf;onhf þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;xm;onhfenf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD aqmif&Guf&rnf/

401/ (u) jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif Ouú| odkYr[kwf tzGJU0ifonf&mxl;wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh rdrdoabmqEtavsmuf &mxl;rSEkwfxGufvdkvQif xdkodkYEkwfxGufvdkaMumif; EdkifiHawmfor®wxH pmjzifhwifjyNyD; &mxl;rSEkwfxGufEdkifonf?

( c ) &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;aMumifhjzpfap? wm0efrS&yfpJcH&jcif;aMumifhjzpfap?uG,fvGefjcif;aMumifhjzpfap? tjcm;taMumif;wpfckckaMumifhjzpfap

161

the President may appoint a new Chairman, or a member of the Union

Election Commission in accord with the provisions of appointment of a

Union Minister prescribed in this Constitution.

(c) If the Chairman or member of the Union Election Commission is a Civil

Services Personnel it shall be deemed that he has been retired from service

in accord with the existing service regulations from the day of appointment

of the Chairman or member of the Union Election Commission.

Resolutions and Functions of the Union Election Commission

402. The resolutions and functions made by the Union Election Commission on the

following matters shall be final and conclusive :

(a) election functions;

(b) appeals and revisions relating to the resolutions and orders of the election

tribunals;

(c) matters taken under the law relating to political party.

403. Duties, powers and privileges of the Chairman and members of the Union Election

Commission shall be prescribed by law.

162

jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif Ouú| odkYr[kwf tzGJU0ifae&mvpfvyfvQif EdkifiHawmfor®wonf þzGJUpnf;yH ktajccHOya'ygjynfaxmifpk0efBuD;cefYxm;jcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnDa&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú|topf odkYr[kwf tzGJU0iftopftm;cefYtyfwm0efay;Edkifonf?

( * ) jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif Ouú| odkYr[kwf tzGJU0ifonfEdkifihH0efxrf;jzpfvQif jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú| odkYr[kwftzGJU0iftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí wnfqJ0efxrf;pnf;rsOf;? pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD EdkifihH0efxrf;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf/

jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif\ qHk;jzwfcsufESifh aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif\ qHk;jzwfcsufESifh aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif\ qHk;jzwfcsufESifh aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif\ qHk;jzwfcsufESifh aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif\ qHk;jzwfcsufESifh aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;402/ atmufygudpö&yfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif\qHk;jzwfcsufESifh aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf tNyD;tjywftwnfjzpfap&rnf –

(u) a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;?( c ) a&G;aumufyGJcHktzGJUrsm;\ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;? trdefYrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh

t,lcHrIrsm;ESifh jyifqifrIrsm;?( * ) EdkifiHa&;ygwDqdkif&m Oya't&aqmif&Gufaomudpö&yfrsm;/

403/ jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú|ESifh tzGJU0ifrsm;\wm0efrsm;? vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh &ydkifcGifhrsm;udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrSwf&rnf/

162

Chapter XPolitical Parties

tcef; (10)tcef; (10)tcef; (10)tcef; (10)tcef; (10)EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;

Chapter X

POLITICAL PARTIES

Formation of the Political Parties

404. A political party shall :

(a) set the objective of non-disintegration of the Union, non-disintegration of

national solidarity and perpetuation of sovereignty;

(b) be loyal to the State.

405. A political party shall :

(a) accept and practise a genuine and discipline-flourishing multi-party

democratic system;

(b) abide by and respect this Constitution and the existing laws;

(c) form and register as a political party in accord with the law.

406. A political party shall, in accord with the law, have the right in the Union to :

(a) organize freely;

(b) participate and compete in the elections.

The right of Non-Existence of Political Parties

407. If a political party infringe one of the following stipulations, it shall have no right of

continued existence :

(a) having been declared an unlawful association under the existing law;

(b) directly or indirectly contacting or abetting the insurgent group launching

armed rebellion against the Union or the associations and persons

determined by the Union to have committed terrorist acts or the association

declared to be an unlawful association;

tcef;(10)tcef;(10)tcef;(10)tcef;(10)tcef;(10)EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;

EkdifiHa&;ygwEkdifiHa&;ygwEkdifiHa&;ygwEkdifiHa&;ygwEkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;zJGUpnf;jcif;Drsm;zJGUpnf;jcif;Drsm;zJGUpnf;jcif;Drsm;zJGUpnf;jcif;Drsm;zJGUpnf;jcif;404/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDwpf&yfonf –

(u) jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&;? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrIrNydKuGJa&;ESifhtcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfwHhcdkifNrJa&;wdkYudk OD;wnfcsufxm;&Sd&rnf?

( c ) EdkifiHawmf\aus;Zl;opömudk apmihfod½dkao&rnf/

405/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDwpf&yfonf –(u) ppfrSefípnf;urf;jynfh0aom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDpepfudk vufcHusifhoHk;&rnf?( c ) þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifh wnfqJOya'rsm;udk av;pm;vdkufem&rnf?( * ) EdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpf Oya'ESifhtnD zGJUpnf;rSwfyHkwifxm;&rnf/

406/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDwpf&yfonf EdkifiHawmftwGif; Oya'ESifhtnD -(u) vGwfvyfpGmpnf;½Hk;cGihf&Sdonf?( c ) a&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif yg0if,SOfNydKifcGifh&Sdonf/

EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; qufvuf&yfwnfykdifcGifhr&Sdjcif;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; qufvuf&yfwnfykdifcGifhr&Sdjcif;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; qufvuf&yfwnfykdifcGifhr&Sdjcif;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; qufvuf&yfwnfykdifcGifhr&Sdjcif;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; qufvuf&yfwnfykdifcGifhr&Sdjcif;407/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDwpf&yf&yfonf atmufygtaMumif;wpfckckESifh NidpGef;vQif qufvuf&yfwnfydkifcGifhr&Sdap& -

(u) wnfqJOya't& rw&m;toif;tjzpf aMunmcH&jcif;?( c ) EdkifiHawmftm; vufeufpGJudkifí awmfvSefykefuefaeaom aomif;usef;ol

tzGJUtpnf; odkYr[kwf tMurf;zufvkyf&yfrsm;ukd usL;vGefonf[kEkdifiHawmfu owfrSwfaomtzJGUtpnf;ESifh yk*¾dKvfrsm; okdYr[kwfrw&m;toif;tjzpf aMunmcHxm;&aom tzJGUtpnf;ESifh wdkuf½dkufjzpfap? oG,f0dkufíjzpfap qufoG,fjcif; okdYr[kwf tm;ay;ulnDjcif;?

(c) directly or indirectly receiving and expending financial, material and other

assistance from a foreign government, a religious association, other

association or a person from a foreign country;

(d) abusing religion for political purpose.

408. If the body having authority to register political parties finds that a political party

infringes one of the stipulations contained in Section 407, the party’s registration shall be

revoked.

409. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall enact necessary laws concerning political parties.

164

( * ) EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfwpfckckrS tpdk;& odkYr[kwf bmoma&;tzGJUtpnf;odkYr[kwf tjcm;tzGJUtpnf;wpfckck odkYr[kwf yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;OD;xHrS aiGaMu;?ypönf;? tjcm;taxmuftyHhudk wdkuf½dkufjzpfap? oG,f0dkufí jzpfap&,loHk;pGJjcif;?

(C) bmoma&;udk EdkifiHa&;twGuf tvGJoHk;pm;jyKjcif;/

408/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDwpf&yf&yfonf yk'fr 407 yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfESifh NidpGef;aMumif;rSwfyHkwifcGifhay;Edkifaom tzGJUtpnf;uawGU&SdvQif EdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpf rSwfyHkwifxm;jcif;udky,fzsuf&rnf/

409/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh vdktyfaomOya'rsm;udk jy|mef;&rnf/

164

Chapter XIProvisions on State of

Emergency

tcef; (11)tcef; (11)tcef; (11)tcef; (11)tcef; (11)ta&;ay:umvqdkif&m jy|mef;csufrsm;ta&;ay:umvqdkif&m jy|mef;csufrsm;ta&;ay:umvqdkif&m jy|mef;csufrsm;ta&;ay:umvqdkif&m jy|mef;csufrsm;ta&;ay:umvqdkif&m jy|mef;csufrsm;

Chapter XI

Provisions on State of Emergency

410. If the President learns that or if the respective local administrative body submits

that the administrative functions cannot be carried out in accord with the Constitution

in a Region or a State or a Union territory or a Self-Administered Area, he may, after

coordinating with the National Defence and Security Council, promulgate an ordinance

and declare a state of emergency.

411. In the matter concerning the declaration of a state of emergency in accord with

Section 410, the President :

(a) may exercise the executive power of a Region or a State or a Self-

Administered Area concerned. Moreover, he may form an appropriate

body or a suitable person and entrust the said executive power;

(b) in doing so, if necessary, has the right to exercise the legislative power

only for executive matters from among the matters that may be legislated

by the respective Region, State or Self-Administered Areas. However,

the legislative power shall not be empowered on any body or any person.

412. (a) If the President, learns that or if the respective local administrative body

submits that there arises or is sufficient reason to arise a state of emergency

endangering the lives, shelter and property of the public in a Region or a

tcef;(11)tcef;(11)tcef;(11)tcef;(11)tcef;(11)

ta&;ay:umvqdkif&mjy|mef;csufrsm;ta&;ay:umvqdkif&mjy|mef;csufrsm;ta&;ay:umvqdkif&mjy|mef;csufrsm;ta&;ay:umvqdkif&mjy|mef;csufrsm;ta&;ay:umvqdkif&mjy|mef;csufrsm;

410/ wdkif;a'oBuD;wpfckwGifjzpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fwGifjzpfap? jynfaxmifpke,fajrwpfckwGifjzpfap? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& pD&ifpkwpfpkwGifjzpfap tkyfcsKyfa&;qkdif&mvkyfief;rsm;udk zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihftnD aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf;r&SdaMumif; od&SdvQifaomfvnf;aumif;? oufqdkif&ma'otmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;uwifjyvQifaomfvnf;aumif; EdkifiHawmfor®wonf trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihfvHkNcHKa&;aumifpDESihfn§dEdIif;NyD; Oya'uJhodkY tmPmwnfonfhtrdefYxkwfjyefí ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmEkdifonf/

411/ yk'fr 410 t& ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmonfhudpö&yfwGif EkdifiHawmfor®wonf -

(u) oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD;? jynfe,f odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpk\ tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmudk &,loHk;pJGcGifh&Sdonf/ xdkYjyif ,if;tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmudk oihfavsmfonfh tzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yf zGJUpnf;íjzpfap? oihfavsmfonfh yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;OD;tm;jzpfap tyfESif;aqmif&GufapEkdifonf?

(c) ,if;odkYaqmif&Guf&mwGif vdktyfygu oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD;? jynfe,fodkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpkrsm;u Oya'jyKydkifcGihf&Sdaomudpö&yfrsm;teuf tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&mudpö&yfrsm;twGuf Oya'jyKcGihftmPmudkomusihfoHk;cGifh&Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif Oya'jyKcGihftmPmudkrl rnfonfhtzJGUtpnf; odkYr[kwf rnfonfhyk*d¾KvfudkrQ tyfESif;aqmif&Gufapjcif;rjyK&/

412/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD;wpfckwGifjzpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fwGifjzpfap? jynfaxmifpke,fajrwpfckwGifjzpfap? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& pD&ifpkwpfpkwGifjzpfap?,if;wdkY\ wpfpdwfwpfa'owGifjzpfap jynfolrsm;\touftdk;tdrf

state or a Union Territory or a Self-Administered Area, after co-ordinating

with the National Defence and Security Council, may promulgate an

ordinance and declare a state of emergency.

(b) If all the members are unable to attend the meeting held by the President

to co-ordinate with the National Defence and Security Council under Sub-

Section (a), the President may declare in time a state of emergency after

co-ordinating with the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services, the

Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services, the Minister for

Defence, and the Minister for Home Affairs who are members. The said

declaration shall be submitted to the National Defence and Security Council

for approval as soon as possible.

413. According to Section 412, concerning the declaration of a state of emergency :

(a) the local administrative bodies and their members and the Civil Services

organizations and their members may obtain the assistance of the Defence

Services to effectively carry out their duties in accord with the existing

laws in order to quickly restore to its original situation in an area where the

declaration of a state of emergency has been in operation;

(b) the President may, if necessary, declare a military administrative order. In

the said order, the executive powers and duties and the judicial powers

and duties concerning community peace and tranquillity and prevalence of

law and order shall be conferred on the Commander-in-Chief of the

Defence Services. The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services may

166

pnf;pdrfudk xdyg;tEÅ&m,fjyKrnfh ta&;ay:tajctaeay:aygufvQifodkYr[kwf xdkodkYay:ayguf&ef vHkavmufaomtaMumif;&SdaMumif;od&SdvQifaomfvnf;aumif;? xdkodk Yay:ayguf&ef vkHavmufaomtaMumif;&SdaMumif; oufqdkif&ma'o tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;uwifjyvQifaomfvnf;aumif; Ed kifiHawmfor®wonf trsK d;om;umuG,fa&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&;aumifpDESihf n§dEIdif;NyD; Oya'uJhodkY tmPmwnfonfh trdefYxkwfjyefí ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmEkdifonf?

(c) yk'frcGJ (u) t& EdkifiHawmfor®wonf trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihf vkHNcKHa&;aumifpDESihf n§dEIdif;&mwGif tzGJU0ifrsm;pkHnDpGm wufa&mufEdkifjcif;r&SdygutzGJU0ifrsm;jzpfaom wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf? 'kwd,wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf? umuG,fa&;0efBuD;Xme 0efBuD;? jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme 0efBuD;wdkYESihf n§dEIdif;NyD; ta&;ay:tajctaeudk tcsdefrDxkwfjyefaMunmEdkifonf/ ,if;odkY xkwfjyefaMunmcsufudk trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihf vkHNcKHa&;aumifpDodkY tjrefqkH;wifjy twnfjyKcsuf&,l&rnf/

413/ yk'fr 412 t& ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmonfh udpö&yfwGif -(u) ta&;ay:tajctaeaMunmcsuf tusKd;oufa&mufonfhe,fajra'o

twGif; rlvtajctaeodkY tjrefjyefvnfa&muf&Sdapjcif;iSm a'oqdkif&mtmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;? ,if;tzJGUtpnf;0ifrsm;? e,fbufqdkif&m0efxrf;tzJGUtpnf;rsm;? ,if;tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm;u wnfqJOya'rsm;ESihftnD wm0efxrf;aqmif&mwGif xda&mufrI&Sdap&ef wyfrawmf\tultnDudk &,laqmif&GufEdkifonf?

( c ) EdkifiHawmfor®wonf vdktyfygu ppftkyfcsKyfa&;trdefYwpf&yf xkwfjyefEdkifonf/ ,if;ppftkyfcsKyfa&;trdefYwGif wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyftm; tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m vkyfydkifcGihfESihf wm0efrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;ESihf oufqdkifonfh w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&m vkyfydkifcGifhESihf wm0efrsm;udkvnf;aumif; owfrSwfay;&rnf/ wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfonf ,if;vkyfydkifcGihfESihf wm0efrsm;udk

166

exercise the said powers and duties himself or empower on any suitable

military authority to exercise thereof.

414. The President, in promulgating an ordinance and declaring a state of emergency :

(a) shall specify in the said ordinance the areas and the duration that the state

of emergency is in operation;

(b) may, if necessary, restrict or suspend as required, one or more fundamental

rights of the citizens residing in the areas where the state of emergency is in

operation.

415. The President shall, relating to the measures taken under Sections 410 and 411,

and relating to the measures taken under Sections 412 and 413 in declaring a state of

emergency, carry out such measures in accord with Section 212 (b), (c) and (e).

416. If the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session besides approving the submission of the President

under Section 415 also extends the duration of the ordinance, it shall remain in operation

up to the expiry of the extended duration.

417. If there arises or if there is sufficient reason for a state of emergency to arise that

may disintegrate the Union or disintegrate national solidarity or that may cause the loss of

sovereignty, due to acts or attempts to take over the sovereignty of the Union by insurgency,

violence and wrongful forcible means, the President may, after co-ordinating with the

National Defence and Security Council, promulgate an ordinance and declare a state of

emergency. In the said ordinance, it shall be stated that the area where the state of

167

rdrdudk,fwdkif usihfoHk;aqmif&Gufjcif; odkYr[kwf oihfavsmfonfh ppfbuftmPmydkif wpfOD;OD;udk usifhoHk;aqmif&Gufapjcif;jyKEdkifonf/

414/ EkdifiHawmfor®wonf Oya'uJhodkYtmPmwnfonfh trdefYxkwfjyefí ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmonfhtcg -

(u) ,if;trdefYwGif ta&;ay:tajctae tusKd;oufa&mufonfh e,fajra'oESihf tcsdefumvwdkYudk owfrSwfazmfjy&rnf?

( c ) vdktyfygu ta&;ay:tajctae tusKd;oufa&mufonfh e,fajra'otwGif;aexdkifMuaom EkdifiHom;rsm;\ rlvtcGifhta&;wpf&yf&yfudkjzpfap? wpf&yfxufydkíjzpfap vdktyfovdk uefYowfEkdifonf odkYr[kwf&yfqdkif;xm;Edkifonf/

415/ EkdifiHawmfor®wonf ta&;ay:tajctaeaMunmí yk'fr 410 ESihf 411t& ta&;,laqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? yk'fr 412 ESifh 413 t& ta&;,laqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk vnf;aumif; yk'fr 212 ( c ) ? ( * ) ESifh ( i ) wdkYESifhtnDaqmif&Guf&rnf/

416/ yk'fr 415 t& EkdifiHawmfor®w\wifjycsufudk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;u twnfjyKonfhtjyif tcsdefumv xyfrHwdk;jr§ifhowfrSwfvQif xkdOya'uJhokdYtmPmwnfaomtrdefYonf wdk;jr§ifhowfrSwfonfhtcsdefumvukefqHk;onftxdtmPmwnf&rnf/

417/ EkdifiHawmf\tcsKyftjcmtmPmudk qlylaomif;usef;rI? tMurf;zufrIESifh t"r®enf;rsm;jzihf &,l&efaqmif&Gufjcif; odkYr[kwf BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfjcif;aMumihf jynfaxmifpkNydKuJGaprnfh? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrI NydKuJGaprnfh odkYr[kwf tcsKyftjcmtmPmvufvGwfqHk;½HI;aprnfh ta&;ay:tajctae ay:aygufvQif odkYr[kwf ay:ayguf&efvHkavmufaomtaMumif;awGU&SdvQif EkdifiHawmfor®wonf trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihfvHkNcHKa&;aumifpDESifh n§dEIdif;NyD; Oya'uJhokdYtmPmwnfonfh trdefYxkwfjyefí ta&;ay:

167

emergency in operation is the entire Nation and the specified duration is one year from the

day of promulgation.

418. (a) In the matter concerning the declaration of the state of emergency according

to Section 417, the President shall declare the transferring of legislative,

executive and judicial powers of the Union to the Commander-in-Chief of

the Defence Services to enable him to carry out necessary measures to

speedily restore its original situation in the Union. It shall be deemed that

the legislative functions of all Hluttaws and leading bodies shall be suspended

from the day of declaration. It shall also be deemed that on the expiry of

the term of the said Hluttaws, the relevant Hluttaws have been dissolved

automatically.

(b) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, commencing from

the day of transfer of the sovereign power to the Commander-in-Chief of

the Defence Services, it shall be deemed that the members appointed and

assigned duties by approval of the relevant Hluttaws in accord with the

Constitution, Self-Administered Division Leading Bodies or the members

of Self-Administered Zone Leading Bodies, with the exception of the

President and the Vice-Presidents, have been terminated from duty.

419. The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services to whom the sovereign power

has been transferred shall have the right to exercise the powers of legislature, executive

and judiciary. The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services may exercise the legislative

power either by himself or by a body including him. The executive power and the judicial

power may be transferred to and exercised by an appropriate body that has been formed

or a suitable person.

168

tajctae aMunmEkdifonf/ ,if;trdefYwGif ta&;ay:tajctae tusKd;oufa&mufonfhe,fajronf EkdifiHwpf0ef;vHk;jzpfaMumif;ESihf tcsdefumv owfrSwfcsufonf trdefYxkwfjyefonfhaeYrS wpfESpftxd jzpfaMumif;azmfjy&rnf/

418/ (u) yk'fr 417 t& ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmonhfudpö&yfwGif EkdifiHawmfor®wonf EkdifiHawmftwGif; rlvtajctaeokdY tjrefjyefvnfa&muf&Sdapjcif;iSm vkdtyfonhf ta&;,laqmif&GufrIrsm;jyKEkdif&ef wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyftm; EkdifiHawmf\ Oya'jyKa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;ESihf w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmrsm;ukd vJTtyfaMumif; aMunm&rnf/ ,if;okdYaMunmonhfaeYrSpí vTwfawmftm;vHk;ESihf OD;pD;tzJGUrsm;\ Oya'jyKa&;qkdif&mvkyfief;rsm;ukd &yfqkdif;xm;onf[k rSwf,l&rnf/ ,if;vTwfawmfrsm;\oufwrf;uke fqH k ;onh ftcg oufqk di f&mvTwfawmfrsm;onftvkdtavsmuf zsufodrf;NyD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf?

( c ) xkdokdYwyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyftm; EkdifiHawmf\tmPmukd vJTtyfaqmif&GufaponfhaeY&ufrSpí zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'wGif rnfokdYyifjy|mef;yg&Sdapumrl EkdifiHawmfor®wESihf 'kwd,or®wrsm;rSty zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ESihftnD oufqkdif&mvTwfawmfrsm;\ oabmwlnDcsufjzihfcefYtyfwm0efay;xm;aom tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm;? ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wkdif;OD;pD;tzJGU okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'o OD;pD;tzJGU0ifrsm;tm;wm0efrS&yfpJNyD; jzpfonf[krSwf,l&rnf/

419/ EkdifiHawmftmPmvJTtyfjcif;cH&onhf wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfonf Oya'jyKa&;tmPm? tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmESihf w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmwkdYukd usihfoHk;aqmif&GufcGihf&Sdonf/ wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfonf Oya'jyKa&;tmPmukd rdrdukd,fwkdifjzpfap?rdrdukd,fwkdifyg0ifonhf tzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf zJGUpnf;íjzpfap usifhoHk;aqmif&GufEkdifonf/tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmESihf w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmrsm;ukd oihfavsmfonhf tzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfukd zJGUpnf;íjzpfap? oifhavsmfonhf yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;OD;tm;jzpfap vJTtyfusihfoHk;aqmif&GufapEkdifonf/

168

420. The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services may, during the duration of the

declaration of a state of emergency, restrict or suspend as required, one or more fundamental

rights of the citizens in the required area.

421. The President :

(a) shall submit the matter of transferring the sovereign power to the

Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services, after declaring a state of

emergency under Sections 417 and 418, to a regular session of the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw if it is in session, or to an emergency session of the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw by summoning it, if it is not in regular session;

(b) may, if the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services submits the

extension of the prescribed duration by giving reasons why he has not yet

been able to accomplish the duties assigned to him, and after co-ordinating

with the National Defence and Security Council, normally permit two

extensions of the prescribed duration for a term of six months for each

extension. The matter relating to the extension shall be reported to the

emergency session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw by summoning it.

422. The President shall, on submission of a report that the Commander-in-Chief of the

Defence Services has accomplished the duties assigned, declare the annulment of the

ordinance transferring the sovereign power to the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence

Services under Section 418, after co-ordinating with the National Defence and Security

Council, on the day of submission of the report by convening an emergency session of the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw if the term of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has not expired, or on the day

that the submission of the report of the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services is

received if that term of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has expired.

169

420/ wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfonf ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmxm;pOfumvtwGif; vkdtyfonhfe,fajra'owGif EkdifiHom;rsm;\ rlvtcGihfta&;wpf&yf&yfukdjzpfap? wpf&yfxufykdíjzpfap vkdtyfovkduefYowfEkdifonf okdYr[kwf &yfqkdif;xm;Ekdifonf/

421/ EkdifiHawmfor®wonf -(u) yk'fr 417 ESifh 418 t& ta&;ay:tajctaeaMunmí wyfrawmf

umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyftm; EkdifiHawmftmPm vJTtyfaqmif&Gufaponhfudpöukd jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf yHkrSeftpnf;ta0; usif;ycsdefjzpfvQif,if;tpnf;ta0;odkYjzpfap? jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf yHkrSeftpnf;ta0;usif;ycsdefr[kwfvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;ac:,lapíjzpfap tpD&ifcHwifjy&rnf?

(c) wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu ¤if;tm;ay;tyfxm;onfhwm0efukdNyD;ajrmufatmif aqmif&Gufjcif;rjyKEkdifao;ojzifh owfrSwftcsdefumvwkd;jr§ihfay;&ef tusKd;taMumif;azmfjyvsuf wifjyvmygu trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihf vkHNcKHa&;aumifpDESih f n§dEI dif;NyD; omreftm;jzifhwpfBudrfvQif ajcmufvtxd ESpfBudrfwkd;jr§ihfay;Ekdifonf/ ,if;okdYwkd;jr§ihfay;onfhudpöukd jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;ac:,lapí tpD&ifcH wifjy&rnf/

422/ EkdifiHawmfor®wonf wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu ¤if;tm;ay;tyfxm;onhfwm0efukd NyD;ajrmufatmifaqmif&GufNyD;pD;aMumif; wifjyvmonhftcg jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf oufwrf;rukefqHk;ao;ygu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;ac:,lapí tpD&ifcHwifjyNyD;onhfaeYrSpíjzpfap? jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfoufwrf;ukefqHk;NyD;jzpfygu wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfxHrS wifjycsufvufcH&&Sdonhf aeYrSpíjzpfap yk'fr 418 t& wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyftm; EkdifiHawmftmPm vJTtyfaqmif&GufapcJhonhftrdefYukd trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihfvkHNcKHa&;aumifpDESihfn§dEIdif;NyD;y,fzsufaMumif; aMunm&rnf/

169

423. The President shall, on receiving the report of the Commander-in-Chief of the

Defence Services under Section 422, revoke the temporary suspension of the legislative

functions of all Hluttaws and Leading Bodies if the term of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has not

expired. The New executive and judicial bodies prescribed in the Constitution shall then

be formed and assigned duties in accord with the Constitution. Such bodies shall only

carry out the duties for the remaining term of the Hluttaw.

424. Notwithstanding that the term of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has expired, the President

and the Vice-Presidents, or the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Speaker of the

Amyotha Hluttaw shall remain in their office until the new President and the new Vice-

Presidents, or the new Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the new Speaker of the Amyotha

Hluttaw have been elected in accord with the Constitution.

425. The National Defence and Security Council may, if the Commander-in-Chief of

the Defence Services submits the extension of the prescribed duration by giving reasons

why he has not been able to accomplish the assigned duties, on the expiry of the term of

the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, normally permit two extensions of the prescribed duration for a

term of six months for each extension.

426. The National Defence and Security Council shall, concerning the matter of

transferring of sovereign power by the President to the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence

Services by declaring a state of emergency under Sections 417 and 418, declare the

annulment of the ordinance transferring the sovereign power to him under Section 418 on

receiving the report that the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services has

accomplished the duties assigned to him.

170

423/ EkdifiHawmfor®wonf yk'fr 422 t& wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfxHrStpD&ifcHpmukd &&Sdonhftcg jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfoufwrf; rukefqHk;ao;yguvTwfawmf tm;vHk;ESihf OD;pD;tzJGUrsm;\ Oya'jyKa&;qkdif&mvkyfief;rsm;tm; ,m,D&yfqkdif;xm;jcif;ukd y,fzsuf&rnf/ xkdYaemuf zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg tkyfcsKyfa&;ESihfw&m;pD&ifa&;qkdif&m tzJGUtpnf;topfrsm;ukd zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ESihftnD zJGUpnf;wm0efay;tyf&rnf/ ,if;tzJGUtpnf;rsm;onf usef&Sdaom vTwfawmfoufwrf;twGufom wm0efxrf;aqmif&rnf/

424/ EkdifiHawmfor®wESifh 'kwd,or®wrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESifh trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú| wkdYonfvnf;aumif; jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf oufwrf;ukefqkH;apumrl zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifhtnD EkdifiHawmfor®wtopfESifh 'kwd,or®wtopfwkdYukdvnf;aumif;? jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|topfESifh trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|topfwkdYukdvnf;aumif; a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufNyD;onftxd qufvufwnf&Sdonf/

425/ trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESifhvkHNcKHa&;aumifpDonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfoufwrf;ukefqkH;oGm;csdefwGif wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu ¤if;tm;ay;tyfxm;onfhwm0efudk NyD;ajrmufatmifaqmif&Gufjcif;rjyKEdkifao;ojzifh owfrSwftcsdefumv wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef tusKd;taMumif;azmfjyvsuf wifjyvmygu omreftm;jzifhwpfBudrfvQif ajcmufvtxd ESpfBudrfwdk;jr§ifhay;Edkifonf/

426/ trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESifhvkHNcKHa&;aumifpDonf EkdifiHawmfor®wu yk'fr 417ESifh 418 t& ta&;ay:tajctaeaMunmí wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyftm;EkdifiHawmftmPmudk vTJtyfaqmif&GufaponfhudpöESifhpyfvsOf;í wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu ¤if;tm;ay;tyfxm;onfh wm0efNyD;ajrmufatmif aqmif&GufNyD;aMumif;wifjyonfhtpD&ifcHpmudk vufcH&&Sdonfhtcg yk'fr 418 t& wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyftm; EdkifiHawmftmPm vTJtyfaqmif&GufapcJhonfhtrdefYudk y,fzsufaMumif;aMunm&rnf/

170

427. The National Defence and Security Council :

(a) exercises the powers of the legislature, executive and judiciary before the

Hluttaws are formed in accord with the Constitution;

(b) has the right to exercise the sovereign power until the new President has

been elected and the Union level administrative bodies have been formed

in accord with the provisions in this Constitution. In exercising thereof, the

legislative power shall be exercised by itself. The executive power and the

judicial power may be transferred to and exercised by the appropriate

Bodies that have been formed or a suitable person at the Union, Region

or State and Self-Administered Area levels.

428. The National Defence and Security Council shall form and assign duties to different

levels of administrative bodies, the Self-Administered Division Leading Body, or the Self-

Administered Zone Leading Bodies and Election Commission prescribed in the Constitution

with persons who meet the relevant qualifications prescribed in the Constitution.

429. The National Defence and Security Council shall hold the general election in accord

with the provisions of the Constitution within a duration of six months commencing from

the day on which the ordinance is annulled under Section 426.

430. The bodies formed under Section 428 shall continue to perform their functions

and duties until legislative, executive and judicial bodies have been formed in accord with

the Constitution after holding the general election.

171

427/ trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESifhvkHNcKHa&;aumifpDonf -(u) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifhtnD vTwfawmfrsm;zGJUpnf;jcif; rjyKEkdifao;rD

Oya' jyKa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmwkdYukd usifhokH;aqmif&Gufonf?

( c ) þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihftnD EkdifiHawmfor®wtopf a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufNyD; jynfaxmifpktqifh tmPmykdiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ukd zGJUpnf;NyD;onfhtcsdefxd EkdifiHawmftmPmukd usifhokH;aqmif&GufcGihf&Sdonf/ xkdokdYusihfokH;aqmif&Guf&mwGif Oya'jyKa&;tmPmukd udk,fwkdifusih fok H;aqmif&Guf&rnf/ tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmESif hw&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmrsm;ukd jynfaxmifpktqifh? wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,ftqifhESihf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& pD&ifpktqifhrsm;twGuf oihfavsmfonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm; zG JUpnf;íjzpfap? oihfavsmfonfhyk*d ¾ KvfwpfOD;OD;tm;jzpfap vTJtyfusifhokH; aqmif&GufapEkdifonf/

428/ trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESifh vkHNcKHa&;aumifpDonf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg tqifhqifhaom tmPmykdiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;? ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wkdif; OD;pD;tzGJU okdYr[kwfukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'o OD;pD;tzGJUrsm;ESifh a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifwkdYukd zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif jy|mef;xm;aom oufqkdif&mt&nftcsif;ESifh nDñGwfonfhyk*d¾Kvfrsm;jzifhzGJUpnf;wm0efay;tyf&rnf/

429/ trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESifh vkHNcKHa&;aumifpDonf yk'fr 426 t& trdefYukdy,fzsufaMumif; aMunmonhfaeYrSpí ajcmufvtwGif; zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihftnD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usif;yay;&rnf/

430/ yk'fr 428 t& zJGUpnf;xm;onhftzJGUtpnf;rsm;onf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJGrsm;usif;yNyD; zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ESihftnD zJGUpnf;onfh Oya'jyKa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;ESihf w&m;pD&ifa&;qkdif&m tzJGUtpnf;rsm; zJGUpnf;NyD;onftxd rdrdwkdY\ vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ukdqufvufaqmif&Guf&rnf/

171

431. The National Defence and Security Council shall exercise the sovereign power in

the name of the President.

432. The legitimate measures of any administrative body or any of its members, any

Civil Services body or any of its members, and any military body or any of its members

assigned powers and duties to take measures as required in order to speedily restore the

security, stability, community peace and tranquility and prevalence of law and order to its

original state on behalf of the President while a declaration of emergency is in operation or

during the duration the sovereign power is being exercised by the Commander-in-Chief of

the Defence Services or during the duration the sovereign power is being exercised by the

National Defence and Security Council, shall be valid. No legal action shall be taken on

such legitimate measures.

172

431/ trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESifhvkHNcHKa&;aumifpDonf EkdifiHawmftmPmukd usifhokH;&mwGif EkdifiHawmfor®wtrnfjzifh azmfjyaqmif&Guf&rnf/

432/ ta&;ay:tajctae xkwfjyefaMunmxm;pOf umvtwGif;wGif EkdifiHawmfor®wukd,fpm;jzpfap? wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu EkdifiHawmftmPmukdusifhoHk;aeonfh umvtwGif;jzpfap? trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESifh vkHNcKHa&;aumifpDuEkdifiHawmftmPmukd usifhoHk;aeonhf umvtwGif;jzpfap vHkNcHKa&;? wnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;wkdYukd rlvtajctaeokdY tjrefjyefvnfa&muf&Sdapjcif;iSm vkdtyfonhf ta&;,laqmif&GufrIjyKEkdif&ef vkyfykdifcGihfESifhwm0efrsm;ay;tyfjcif;cH&onhf tmPmykdiftzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yf? ,if;tzJGUtpnf;0ifwpfOD;OD;?e,fbuf0efxrf; tzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yf? ,if;tzJGUtpnf;0ifwpfOD;OD;? ppfbufqkdif&mtzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yf? ,if;tzJGUtpnf;0if wpfOD;OD;\ w&m;0ifaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onftwnfjzpfap&rnf/ ,if;w&m;0if aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;tay: taMumif;jyKvsufw&m;pJGqkdcGihfr&Sdap&/

172

Chapter XIIAmendment of the Constitution

tcef; (12)tcef; (12)tcef; (12)tcef; (12)tcef; (12)zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' jyifqifjcif;zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' jyifqifjcif;zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' jyifqifjcif;zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' jyifqifjcif;zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' jyifqifjcif;

Chapter XII

AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION

433. Any provision of this Constitution may be amended in the manner herein after

provided :

(a) the proposal to amend the Constitution shall be submitted in the form of a

Bill;

(b) the Bill to amend the Constitution shall not contain other proposals.

434. The Bill to amend the Constitution shall be submitted to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

435. If twenty percent of the total number of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representatives

submit the Bill to amend the Constitution, it shall be considered by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

436. (a) If it is necessary to amend the provisions of Sections 1 to 48 in

Chapter I, Sections 49 to 56 in Chapter II, Sections 59 and 60 in Chapter

III, Sections 74, 109, 141 and 161 in Chapter IV, Sections 200, 201,

248 and 276 in Chapter V, Sections 293, 294, 305, 314 and 320 in

Chapter VI, Sections 410 to 432 in Chapter XI and Sections 436 in

Chapter XII of this Constitution, it shall be amended with the prior approval

of more than seventy-five percent of all the representatives of the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, after which in a nation-wide referendum only with

the votes of more than half of those who are eligible to vote.

tcef;(12)tcef;(12)tcef;(12)tcef;(12)tcef;(12)zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'jyifqifjcif;zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'jyifqifjcif;zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'jyifqifjcif;zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'jyifqifjcif;zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'jyifqifjcif;

433/ þzJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfukdjyifqifvkdygu atmufazmfjy

yg owfrSwfxm;aomenf;vrf;twkdif; aqmif&Guf&rnf –

(u) zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ukdjyifqif&ef wifoGif;aomtqkdukd Oya'

rlMurf;tjzpfjzifh wifoGif;&rnf?

( c ) zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ukdjyifqif&ef tqkdwifoGif;aom Oya'rlMurf;wGif

tjcm;tqkdrsm; ryg&Sdap&/

434/ zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ukdjyifqif&ef Oya'rlMurf;ukd jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGif

wifoGif;&rnf/

435/ zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ukdjyifqif&ef Oya'rlMurf;ukd jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf&Sd

vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;\ 20 &mckdifEIef;u wifjyvmvQif tqkdygjyifqifcsuf

Oya'rlMurf;ukd jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu vufcHaqG;aEG;&rnf/

436/ (u) þzJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'\ tcef;(1) yk'fr 1 rS 48 xd? tcef;(2) yk'fr

49 rS 56 xd? tcef;(3) yk'fr 59? 60? tcef;(4) yk'fr 74? 109? 141?

161? tcef;(5) yk'fr 200? 201? 248? 276? tcef;(6) yk'fr 293? 294?

305? 314? 320? tcef;(11) yk'fr 410 rS 432 xd? tcef;(12) yk'fr 436

wdkU&Sd jy|mef;csufrsm;udk jyifqifvkdvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf

uk d,fpm;vS,f tm;vk H;\ 75 &mck di fEIef;ausmfu jyifqif&ef

oabmwlvufcHNyD;aemuf jynfvkH;uRwfqE´cH,lyJG usif;yí qE´rJ

ay;ykdifcGifh&Sdoltm;vkH;\ xuf0ufausmfqErJjzifhom jyifqif&rnf?

(b) Provisions other than those mentioned in Sub-Section (a) shall be

amended only by a vote of more than seventy-five percent of all the

representatives of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

174

( c ) yk'frcGJ (u) wGifazmfjyxm;onfh jy|mef;csufrsm;rSty tjcm;jy|mef;csuf

rsm;ukd jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,ftm;vkH;\ 75 &mckdifEIef;

ausmf axmufcHqErJjzifhom jyifqif&rnf/

174

Chapter XIIIState Flag, State Seal, National

Anthem and the Capital

tcef; (13)tcef; (13)tcef; (13)tcef; (13)tcef; (13)EdkifiHawmftvH? txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf?EdkifiHawmftvH? txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf?EdkifiHawmftvH? txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf?EdkifiHawmftvH? txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf?EdkifiHawmftvH? txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf?

oDcsif;ESifhNrdKUawmfoDcsif;ESifhNrdKUawmfoDcsif;ESifhNrdKUawmfoDcsif;ESifhNrdKUawmfoDcsif;ESifhNrdKUawmf

(b) Law shall be promulgated concerning the State Seal.

Chapter XIII

State Flag, State Seal, National Anthem and Capital

437. (a) The State Flag shall be as shown below :

(b) Law shall be promulgated concerning the State Flag.

438. (a) The State Seal shall be as shown below :

tcef; ( 13 )tcef; ( 13 )tcef; ( 13 )tcef; ( 13 )tcef; ( 13 )EdkifiHawmftvH? txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf? oDcsif;ESihfNrdKUawmfEdkifiHawmftvH? txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf? oDcsif;ESihfNrdKUawmfEdkifiHawmftvH? txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf? oDcsif;ESihfNrdKUawmfEdkifiHawmftvH? txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf? oDcsif;ESihfNrdKUawmfEdkifiHawmftvH? txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf? oDcsif;ESihfNrdKUawmf

437/ (u) EdkifiHawmftvHonf atmufwGifazmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif;jzpfonf?

( c ) EdkifiHawmftvHESifh pyfvsOf;í Oya'jy|mef;&rnf/

438/ (u) EdkifiHawmftxdrf;trSwfwHqdyfonf atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf?

( c ) EkdifiHawmftxdrf;trSwfwHqdyfESihf pyfvsOf;í Oya'jy|mef;&rnf/

439. (a) The present National Anthem shall be prescribed as the National Anthem.

(b) Law shall be promulgated concerning the National Anthem.

440. The Capital of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar is Nay Pyi Taw.

176

439/ (u) EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;tjzpf atmufazmfjyyg vuf&Sd EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;udkowfrSwfonf?

EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;

w&m;rQw-vGwfvyfjcif;eJYraoG-wdkYjynf-wdkYajr-

rsm;vlcyfodrf;-Nidrf;csrf;apzdkY-cGifhwlnDrQ-0g'jzLpifwJhjynf-

wdkYjynf-wdkYajr-jynfaxmifpktarG-tNrJwnfwHhap-

t"d|mefjyKay-xdef;odrf;pdkYav/(urÇmraus-jrefrmjynf-

wdkYbdk;bGm;tarGppfrdkY-cspfjrwfEdk;ay)2

jynfaxmifpkudk-toufay;vdkY-wdkYumuG,frav/'gwdkYjynf-'gwdkYajr-wdkYydkifeufajr/

wdkYjynf-wdkYajr-tusKd;udk nDnmpGm-wdkYwpfawGxrf;aqmifygpdkYav-wdkYwm0efay

tzdk;wefajr/

( c ) EkdifiHawmfoDcsif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í Oya'jy|mef;&rnf/

440/ aejynfawmfonf EdkifiHawmf\ NrdKUawmf jzpfonf/

176

Chapter XIVTransitory Provisions

tcef; (14)tcef; (14)tcef; (14)tcef; (14)tcef; (14)ul;ajymif;a&;umv jy|mef;csufrsm;ul;ajymif;a&;umv jy|mef;csufrsm;ul;ajymif;a&;umv jy|mef;csufrsm;ul;ajymif;a&;umv jy|mef;csufrsm;ul;ajymif;a&;umv jy|mef;csufrsm;

Chapter XIV

TRANSITORY PROVISIONS

441. A nation-wide referendum held for adoption of this Constitution where more than

half of the eligible voters voted, of which majority of these voters adopted this Constitution,

shall come into operation throughout the Union from the day the first session of the

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is convened.

442. The State Peace and Development Council shall continue to exercise State

sovereignty before this Constitution comes into operation.

443. The preparatory work done by the State Peace and Development Council, before

this Constitution comes into operation, to bring the Constitution into operation, shall be

deemed to have been carried out in accord with this Constitution.

444. (a) The Government that exists on the day this Constitution comes into

operation shall continue to discharge the respective duties until the

emergence of the new Government formed and assigned duties in accord

with this Constitution.

(b) All courts existing on the day the coming into operation of this Constitution

shall continue to exercise their jurisdiction until new courts are constituted

by law in accord with this Constitution. All cases, civil, criminal and revenue,

pending in the said courts, shall be disposed of in accord with the laws

exercised on the day on which the cases came up for trial.

tcef;(14)tcef;(14)tcef;(14)tcef;(14)tcef;(14)ul;ajymif;a&;umvjy|mef;csufrsm;ul;ajymif;a&;umvjy|mef;csufrsm;ul;ajymif;a&;umvjy|mef;csufrsm;ul;ajymif;a&;umvjy|mef;csufrsm;ul;ajymif;a&;umvjy|mef;csufrsm;

441/ jynfvkH;uRwfqEcH,lyGJwGif qErJay;cGifh&dSoltm;vkH;\ xuf0ufausmfrJay;onfhqE´rJ\rJtrsm;jzifh twnfjyKjy|mef;vkdufonfh þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'onfjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf yxrtBudrftpnf;ta0;pwifusif;yonfhaeYrSpí EdkifiHawmfwpf0ef;vkH;ü tmPmwnfonf/

442/ þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' tmPmrwnfrD EkdifiHawmf\tcsKyftjcmtmPmudkEdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpDu qufvuf usifhoHk;aqmif&Guf&rnf/

443/ þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' tmPmwnfonfhaeYrwkdifrD EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpDu zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGufBudKwifaqmif&Gufonfh vkyfief;&yfrsm;onf þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& aqmif&Gufonf[k rSwf,l&rnf/

444/ (u) þzJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya' tmPmwnfonfhaeYü wnf&Sdaeaom tpdk;&tzJGUonf zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& wm0efay;tyfonhf tpkd;&tzJGUray:aygufrD rdrdwdkY\oufqdkif&mwm0efrsm;udk qufvufaqmif&Guf&rnf?

( c ) þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' tmPmwnfonfhaeYü wnf&Sdaeaomw&m;½kH;rsm;onf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& wnfaxmifonhfw&m;½kH;rsm; ray:aygufrD qufvufí w&m;pD&ifydkifcGifhtmPmrsm; okH;pJGaqmif&Guf&rnf/tqdkyg w&m;½kH;rsm;wGif rNyD;rjywf usef&Sdaeao;aom w&m;rrIrsm;?jypfrIqdkif&m trIrsm;ESifh tcGefawmftrIrsm;udk trIpwifppfaq;pOfuusihfokH;onhf Oya'rsm;ESihftnD qufvufppfaq; pD&if&rnf/

445. All policy guidelines, laws, rules, regulations, notifications and declarations of the

State Law and Order Restoration Council and the State Peace and Development Council

or actions, rights and responsibilities of the State Law and Order Restoration Council and

the State Peace and Development Council shall devolve on the Republic of the Union of

Myanmar. No proceeding shall be instituted against the said Councils or any member

thereof or any member of the Government, in respect of any act done in the execution of

their respective duties.

446. Existing laws shall remain in operation in so far as they are not contrary to this

Constitution until and unless they are repealed or amended by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

447. Existing rules, regulations, by-laws, notifications, orders, directives and procedures

shall remain in operation in so far as they are not contrary to this Constitution until and

unless they are repealed or amended by the Union Government.

448. All functioning Civil Services personnel of departmental organizations including

the Defence Services under the State Peace and Development Council on the day this

Constitution comes into operation, shall continue in their functions unless otherwise

prescribed by the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

178

445/ jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmfonf EkdifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJUESifh EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpDwdkY\ rl0g'vrf;ñTefrIrsm;?Oya'rsm;? enf;Oya'rsm;? pnf;rsOf;rsm;? trdefYjyefwrf;rsm;? aMunmcsufrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? EkdifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJUESifh EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpDwdkY\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;? wm0efrsm;ESifh&ydkifcGifhrsm;udkvnf;aumif; qufcHonf/ ,if;tzJGU? okdYr[kwf tzGJU0ifwpfOD;OD;? odkYr[kwf tpkd;&tzJGU0ifwpfOD;OD;\ wm0eft&aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;tay: taMumif;jyKvsuf ,if;wkdYtm;w&m;pJGqkdjcif;? ta&;,ljcif;r&Sdap&/

446/ wnfqJOya'rsm;onf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu y,fzsufjcif;? jyifqifjcif;rjyKao;rD þzJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifhrqefYusiforQ twnfjzpfonf/

447/ wnfqJenf;Oya'rsm;? pnf;rsOf;rsm;? pnf;urf;rsm;? trdefYaMumfjimpmrsm;? trdefYrsm;? ñTefMum;csufrsm;ESifh vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;ukd jynfaxmifpktpkd;&tzJGUu y,fzsufjcif;?jyifqifjcif;rjyKao;rD þzJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh rqefYusiforQ twnfjzpfonf/

448/ þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' tmPmpwifwnfonfhaeYwGif EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpDvufatmufü zGJUpnf;xm;&Sdonfh wyfrawmftygt0ifXmeqkdif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ü trIxrf;&GufqJjzpfMuaom EkdifiHh0efxrf;rsm;onfjynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpkd;&u tjcm;jy|mef;jcif;rjyKorQ qufvuftrIxrf;&rnf/

178

Chapter XV

General Provisions

tcef; (15)tcef; (15)tcef; (15)tcef; (15)tcef; (15)taxGaxG jy|mef;csufrsm;taxGaxG jy|mef;csufrsm;taxGaxG jy|mef;csufrsm;taxGaxG jy|mef;csufrsm;taxGaxG jy|mef;csufrsm;

Chapter XV

GENERAL PROVISIONS

449. This Constitution is the Basic Law of all the laws of the Union.

450. Myanmar language is the official language.

451. The application of the Basic Principles of the Union in the legislation and

administration shall be the care of the Union but shall not be enforceable in any Court of

law.

452. Interpretation of the preamble, Sections, Sub-Sections, expressions, individual

words and ideas of this Constitution shall be based only on the Myanmar text.

453. In interpretation of expressions contained in this Constitution reference shall be

made to the existing Interpretation Law.

454. The Myanmar text of this Constitution shall be kept as record in the National

Archives. Such text shall be conclusive evidence of the provisions of this Constitution.

455. The Government of the Union may, in the interest of the Union, relating to any of

the economic activity prescribed to be carried out only by the Government of the Union :

(a) permit the Region government or the State government to form a joint

venture with the Government of the Union or to operate under terms and

conditions;

tcef; ( 15 )tcef; ( 15 )tcef; ( 15 )tcef; ( 15 )tcef; ( 15 )taxGaxGjy|mef;csufrsm;taxGaxGjy|mef;csufrsm;taxGaxGjy|mef;csufrsm;taxGaxGjy|mef;csufrsm;taxGaxGjy|mef;csufrsm;

449/ þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'onf EdkifiHawmftwGif;&Sd Oya'tm;vHk;\tajccHOya'jzpfonf/

450/ jrefrmpmonf ½Hk;oHk;pm jzpfonf/

451/ EkdifiHawmfonf Oya'jyK&mwGifvnf;aumif;? tkyfcsKyf&mwGifvnf;aumif;EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;ESifhtnD tav;*½kjyK aqmif&Guf&rnf/ okdY&mwGif xdkodkYaqmif&Gufap&ef rnfonfhw&m;½kH;wGifrQ w&m;pGJqkdcGifhr&Sdap&/

452/ þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'\ ed'gef;? yk'frrsm;? yk'frcGJrsm;? pum;vHk;pkrsm;? pum;vHk;wpfvHk;csif;\ teuft"dyÜm,f? oabmt,ltqrsm; zGifhqdk&mü jrefrmpmjzifha&;om;xm;csufrsm;tay:wGifom tajcjyK&rnf/

453/ þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg pum;&yfrsm;udk teuft"dyÜm,fzGifhqdk&mwGifwnfqJpum;&yfrsm; teuft"dyÜm,f zGifhqdka&;Oya'udk udk;um;&rnf/

454/ þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya' jrefrmpmrlwpfckudk trsKd;om;armfuGef;wdkufwGifarmfuGef;wifxm;&Sd&rnf/ xdkpmrlonf þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'&Sd jy|mef;csufrsm;twGuftNyD;tjywf oufaot&mwnfap&rnf/

455/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&onf jynfaxmifpktpdk;&uom vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf&efowfrSwfxm;aom pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;wpf&yf&yfudk EdkifiHawmf\tusKd;pD;yGm;tvdkYiSm -

(u) wdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJUudk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJUESifh zufpyfvkyfudkifaqmif&Guf&efjzpfap? pnf;urf;owfrSwfcsufjzifh vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf&efjzpfap cGifhjyKEdkifonf?

(b) permit a co-operative organization, economic organization and an

individual person to form a joint venture with the Government of the Union

or to operate under terms and conditions.

456. The Republic of the Union of Myanmar shall honour all legitimate obligations

arising out of treaties or agreements which before the commencement of this Constitution

have been in operation between the Government of the Union of Myanmar and the

Government of other State, provided that such other State honours any reciprocal obligations

towards the Union of Myanmar.

457. (a) Any proceedings relating to contract or liabilities which might have been

brought against the Government of the Union of Myanmar before this

Constitution comes into operation, may be brought against the Government

of the Union of Myanmar.

(b) The Republic of the Union of Myanmar may sue and be sued in the name

of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

180

( c ) or0g,rtzGJUtpnf;? pD;yGm;a&;tzGJUtpnf; odkYr[kwf yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;OD;udk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJUESifh zufpyfvkyfudkifaqmif&Guf&efjzpfap?pnf;urf;owfrSwfcsufjzihf vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf&efjzpfap cGifhjyKEdkifonf/

456/ þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya' tmPmrwnfrDumvu jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh tjcm;EdkifiHtpdk;&wdkY csKyfqdktwnfjzpfcJhaom pmcsKyfrsm;t&aomfvnf;aumif;?oabmwlnDcsufrsm;t& aomfvnf;aumif; ay:xGufvmaom w&m;rQwonfhwm0efrsm;udk tqdkygtjcm;EdkifiHuvnf; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHESihf pyfvsOf;í xm;&Sdtyfaomy#dnmOfrsm;udk av;pm;ygu jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmfuvnf; av;pm;onf/

457/ (u) þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya' tmPmrwnfrDu jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh csKyfqdkxm;&SdcJhaom y#dnmOfrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;íjzpfap?wm0efrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;íjzpfap jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&tm;w&m;pGJqdkEdkifaom tcGifhta&;t& w&m;pJGqdk&ef ay:aygufcJhvQifjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tm; w&m;pGJqkdEdkifonf?

( c ) jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmfonf jynfaxmifpkor®w jrefrmEdkifiHawmf\trnfjzifh w&m;pGJqdkEdkifonf/ xdkenf;wlyif w&m;pGJqdkjcif;udkcHEdkifonf/

180

SCHEDULE ONE

Union Legislative List

(Refer to Section 96)

1. Union Defence and Security Sector

(a) Defence of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and every part thereof

and preparation for such defence;

(b) Defence and Security industries;

(c) Arms, ammunition and explosives including biological and chemical

weapons;

(d) Atomic energy, nuclear fuel and radiation and mineral resources essential

to its production;

(e) Declaration of war and conclusion of peace;

(f) Stability, peace and tranquility of the Union and prevalence of law and

order; and

(g) Police force.

2. Foreign Affairs Sector

(a) Representatives of the diplomatic, consular and other affairs;

(b) United Nations;

(c) Participation in international, regional and bilateral conferences,

seminars, meetings, associations and other organizations and

implementation of resolutions thereof;

(d) Conclusion and implementation of international and regional treaties,

agreements, conventions and bilateral agreements and treaties;

181

Z,m; 1Z,m; 1Z,m; 1Z,m; 1Z,m; 1jynfaxmifpkOya'jyKpm&if;jynfaxmifpkOya'jyKpm&if;jynfaxmifpkOya'jyKpm&if;jynfaxmifpkOya'jyKpm&if;jynfaxmifpkOya'jyKpm&if;(yk'fr 96 udk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 96 udk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 96 udk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 96 udk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 96 udk &nfñTef;onf)

1/ EkdifiHawmfumuG,fa&;ESifhvkHNcKHa&;u@EkdifiHawmfumuG,fa&;ESifhvkHNcKHa&;u@EkdifiHawmfumuG,fa&;ESifhvkHNcKHa&;u@EkdifiHawmfumuG,fa&;ESifhvkHNcKHa&;u@EkdifiHawmfumuG,fa&;ESifhvkHNcKHa&;u@(u) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfESifh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf\ e,fajr

tpdwftydkif;rsm;umuG,fa&;? ,if;odkYumuG,fa&;twGuf pDrHjyifqifjcif;?

( c ) umuG,fa&;ESifh vHkNcHKa&;qdkif&m pufrIvufrIvkyfief;rsm;?( * ) ZD0ESifh"mwkponfhvufeufrsm;tygt0if vufeufcJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm;

ESifh aygufuGJapwwfonfhypönf;rsm;?(C) tPkjrLpGrf;tif? tPkjrLavmifpm? tPkjrLa&mifjcnfESifh ,if;wkdYudk

jzpfxGef;apaom "mwfowåKyif&if; tajctjrpfrsm;?( i ) ppfaMunmjcif;ESifh ppfajyNidrf;jcif;?( p ) EdkifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;? at;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;?(q) &JwyfzGJU/

2/ EkdifiHjcm;a&;u@EkdifiHjcm;a&;u@EkdifiHjcm;a&;u@EkdifiHjcm;a&;u@EkdifiHjcm;a&;u@(u) oHwrefa&;&m? aumifppfa&;&mESifh tjcm;a&;&mqdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,frsm;?( c ) ukvor*¾?( * ) tjynfjynfqdkif&m? a'oqdkif&mESifh ESpfjynfaxmifqdkif&m nDvmcHrsm;?

aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;? tpnf;ta0;rsm;? toif;rsm;ESifh tjcm;tzJGUtpnf;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&Gufa&;ESifh ,if;wdkY\ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk txajrmufapa&;?

(C) tjynfjynfqdkif&mESifh a'oqdkif&mpmcsKyfrsm;? oabmwlnDcsufrsm;?uGefAif;&Sif;rsm;? ESpfjynfaxmifqdkif&moabmwlnDcsufrsm;? pmcsKyfrsm;udk csKyfqdka&;ESifh txajrmufapa&;?

181

(e) Passports and identification certificates;

(f) Visas, admission into the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, stay,

departure, immigration and deportation; and

(g) Extradition and request for extradition.

3. Finance and Planning Sector

(a) The Union Budget;

(b) The Union Fund;

(c) Currency and coinage;

(d) The Central Bank of Myanmar and financial institutions;

(e) Foreign exchange control;

(f) Capital and money markets;

(g) Insurance;

(h) Income tax;

(i) Commercial tax;

(j) Stamp duty;

(k) Customs duty;

(l) Union lottery;

(m) Tax appeal;

(n) Services of the Union;

(o) Sale, lease and other means of execution of property of the Union;

(p) Disbursement of loans from the Union Funds;

(q) Investment of the Union Funds;

(r) Domestic and foreign loans;

(s) Acquisition of property for the Union; and

(t) Foreign aid and financial assistance.

182

( i ) EdkifiHul;vufrSwfrsm;ESifh rnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif; oufaocHvufrSwfrsm;?

( p ) jynf0ifcGifhADZm? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;okdY 0ifcGifhjyKa&;? aexdkifcGifhjyKa&;? EkdifiHrS xGufcGmcGifhjyKa&;? vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;ESifh jynfESif'Pfay;a&;?

(q) jypfrIusL;vGefoltm; oufqdkif&mEdkifiHokdY jyefvnfvTJtyfay;a&;ESifhoufqdkif&mEkdifiHrS awmif;qdka&;/

3/ b@ma&;ESifh pDrHudef;u@b@ma&;ESifh pDrHudef;u@b@ma&;ESifh pDrHudef;u@b@ma&;ESifh pDrHudef;u@b@ma&;ESifh pDrHudef;u@(u) jynfaxmifpkt&toHk; cefYrSef;ajcaiGpm&if;?( c ) jynfaxmifpkb@m&efyHkaiG?( * ) aiGpuúLxkwfvkyffa&;? '*Fg;oGef;vkyfa&;?(C) jrefrmEkdifiHawmfA[dkbPfESifh aiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;?( i ) EdkifiHjcm;oHk;aiG xdef;odrf;BuD;Muyfa&;?( p ) t&if;tESD;ESifhaiGaMu;aps;uGuf?(q) tmrcHvkyfief;?( Z ) 0ifaiGcGef?(ps) ukefoG,fvkyfief;cGef?(n) wHqdyfacgif;cGef?(# ) taumufcGef?( X ) atmifbmavxD?( ! ) tcGeft,lcHjcif;?( ¡ ) jynfaxmifpk\ 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;?(P) jynfaxmifpkydkifypönf;rsm; a&mif;csjcif;? iSm;&rf;jcif;ESifh tjcm;enf;jzifh

aqmif&Gufjcif;?(w) jynfaxmifpkb@m&efyHkaiGrsm; xkwfacs;jcif;?(x) jynfaxmifpkb@m&efyHkaiGrsm; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHjcif;?(' ) jynfwGif;jynfyrSaiGacs;,ljcif;?( " ) jynfaxmifpktwGuf ypönf;&,ljcif;?( e ) jynfyrS aiGaMu;tultnDESifh taxmuftyhH/

182

4. Economic Sector

(a) Economy;

(b) Commerce;

(c) Co-operatives;

(d) Corporations, boards, enterprises, companies and partnerships;

(e) Imports, exports and quality control thereon;

(f) Hotels and lodging houses; and

(g) Tourism.

5. Agriculture and Livestock Breeding Sector

(a) Land administration;

(b) Reclamation of vacant, fallow and virgin lands;

(c) Settlements and land records;

(d) Land survey;

(e) Dams, embankments and irrigation works managed by the Union;

(f) Meteorology, hydrology and seismic survey;

(g) Registration of documents;

(h) Mechanized agriculture;

(i) Agricultural research;

(j) Production of chemical fertilizers and insecticides;

(k) Marine fisheries; and

(l) Livestock proliferation, prevention and treatment of diseases and research

works.

6. Energy, Electricity, Mining and Forestry Sector

(a) Petroleum, natural gas, other liquids and substances declared by the Union

Law to be dangerously inflammable;

183

4/ pD;yGm;a&;u@pD;yGm;a&;u@pD;yGm;a&;u@pD;yGm;a&;u@pD;yGm;a&;u@(u) pD;yGm;a&;?( c ) ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;?( * ) or0g,r?(C) aumfydka&;&Sif;? bkwftzGJU? vkyfief;? ukrÜPD? tpkpyf?( i ) oGif;ukef? xkwfukefESihf,if;ukefypönf;rsm;\ t&nftaoG;owfrSwfjcif;?( p ) [dkw,fESihfwnf;cdkcef;?(q) c&D;oGm;vma&;vkyfief;/

5/ pkdufysK d;a&;ESif harG;jrLa&;u@pkdufysK d;a&;ESif harG;jrLa&;u@pkdufysK d;a&;ESif harG;jrLa&;u@pkdufysK d;a&;ESif harG;jrLa&;u@pkdufysK d;a&;ESif harG;jrLa&;u@(u) ajr,mpDrHcefYcGJrI?( c ) ajrvGwf? ajrvyfESihf ajr½dkif;rsm; azmfxkwfjcif;?( * ) aMu;wdkifESihf ajrpm&if;?(C) ajrwdkif;?( i ) jynfaxmifpku pDrHcefYcGJonfh qnfajrmif;? wmwrHESihf pdkufysKd;a&&&Sda&;

vkyfief;rsm;?( p ) rdk;av0o? ZvaA'ESihf ajrivsifwdkif;wma&;?(q) pmcsKyfpmwrf;rSwfyHkwifjcif;?( Z ) pufrIv,f,m?(ps) pdkufysKd;a&;okawoe?(n) "mwfajrMoZmESihf ydk;owfaq; xkwfvkyfa&;?( # ) yifv,fig;vkyfief;?( X ) wd&pämefrsKd;yGm;a&;? a&m*gumuG,fa&;? ukoa&;ESihf okawoevkyfief;

rsm;/

6/ pGrf;tif? vQyfppf? owåKESifh opfawmu@pGrf;tif? vQyfppf? owåKESifh opfawmu@pGrf;tif? vQyfppf? owåKESifh opfawmu@pGrf;tif? vQyfppf? owåKESifh opfawmu@pGrf;tif? vQyfppf? owåKESifh opfawmu@(u) a&eH? obm0"mwfaiGUESifh jynfaxmifpkOya't& ab;tEÅ&m,f jzpf

avmufatmif avmifuRrf;apwwfonf[k owfrSwfxm;aom tjcm;t&nftcJ ponfrsm;?

183

(b) Production and distribution of electricity of the Union;

(c) Minerals, mines, safety of mine workers, and environmental conservation

and restoration;

(d) Gems;

(e) Pearls;

(f) Forests; and

(g) Environmental protection and conservation including wildlife, natural plants

and natural areas.

7. Industrial Sector

(a) Industries to be undertaken by the Union level;

(b) Industrial zones;

(c) Basic standardization and specification for manufactured products;

(d) Science and technology and research thereon;

(e) Standardization of weights and measures; and

(f) Intellectual property such as copyrights, patents, trademarks and industrial

designs.

8. Transport, Communication and Construction Sector

(a) Inland water transport;

(b) Maintenance of waterways;

(c) Development of water resources and rivers and streams;

(d) Carriage by sea;

(e) Major ports;

(f) Lighthouses, lightships and lighting plans;

(g) Shipbuilding, repair and maintenance;

(h) Air transport;

184

( c ) jynfaxmifpk vQyfppf"mwftm; xkwfvkyfjzefYjzL;a&;?( * ) owåKrsm;? owåKwGif;rsm;? owåKwGif; tvkyform;ab;uif;a&;? obm0

ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;ESifh jyefvnfjyKjyifwnfaqmufa&;?(C) ausmufrsuf&wem?( i ) ykvJ?( p ) opfawm?(q) awm½kdif;wd&pämefrsm;? obm0tyifrsm;ESif h obm0e,fajrrsm;

tygt0if ywf0ef;usifumuG,fa&;ESifh xdef;odrf;a&;/

7/ pufrIvufrIu@pufrIvufrIu@pufrIvufrIu@pufrIvufrIu@pufrIvufrIu@(u) jynfaxmifpktqihfu aqmif&Gufrnfh pufrIvkyfief;rsm;?( c ) pufrIZkefrsm;?( * ) xkwfvkyfonfhypönf;rsm;twGuf tajccHpHcsdefpHñTef;rsm;?(C) odyÜHESihfenf;ynm? odyÜHESihfenf;ynmqdkif&m okawoe?(i ) tav;wif;awmif;? twdkif;twmponfwdkYudk pHjyKjcif;?( p ) rlydkifcGihfrsm;? wDxGifrIrlydkifcGihfrsm;? ukeftrSwf wHqdyfrsm;? pufrIqdkif&m

'DZdkif;rsm;ponfh todÓPfqdkif&mypönf;rsm;/

8/ ydk Yaqmifa&;? qufoG,fa&;ESifh aqmufvkyfa&;u@ydkYaqmifa&;? qufoG,fa&;ESifh aqmufvkyfa&;u@ydkYaqmifa&;? qufoG,fa&;ESifh aqmufvkyfa&;u@ydkYaqmifa&;? qufoG,fa&;ESifh aqmufvkyfa&;u@ydkYaqmifa&;? qufoG,fa&;ESifh aqmufvkyfa&;u@(u) jynfwGif;a&aMumif;o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;?( c ) a&aMumif;vrf;rsm;jyKjyifxdef;odrf;a&;?( * ) a&t&if;tjrpfESihf jrpfacsmif;rsm; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;?(C) yifv,fa&aMumif;o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;?( i ) yifv,ful;oabFmqdyfurf;BuD;rsm;?( p ) rD;jywdkuf? rD;jyoabFmESihf rD;jytpDtrHrsm;?(q) oabFmwnfaqmufa&;? jyifqifxdef;odrf;a&;?( Z ) avaMumif;o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;?

184

(i) Air navigation, control and airfields construction;

(j) Land transport;

(k) Railways;

(l) Major highways and bridges managed by the Union;

(m) Posts, telegraphs, telephones, fax, e-mail, internet, intranet and similar

means of communication; and

(n) Television, satellite communication, transmission and reception, and similar

means of communication and housing and buildings.

9. Social Sector

(a) Educational curricula, syllabus, teaching methodology, research, plans,

projects and standards;

(b) Universities, degree colleges, institutes and other institutions of higher

education;

(c) Examinations prescribed by the Union;

(d) Private schools and training;

(e) National sports;

(f) National health;

(g) Development of traditional medicinal science and traditional medicine;

(h) Charitable hospitals and clinics and private hospitals and clinics;

(i) Maternal and child welfare;

(j) Red cross society;

(k) Prevention from adulteration, manufacture and sale of foodstuffs, drugs,

medicines and cosmetics;

(l) Welfare of children, youths, women, the disabled, the aged and the

homeless;

(m) Relief and rehabilitation;

185

(ps) avaMumif;ysHoef;a&;? xdef;odrf;a&;ESihf av,mOfuGif;wnfaqmufa&;?(n) ukef;vrf;o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;?( # ) rD;&xm;?( X ) jynfaxmifpku pDrHcefYcGJonfhvrf;rBuD;rsm;? wHwm;BuD;rsm;?( ! ) pmwdkuf? aMu;eef;? w,fvDzkef;? zuf(pf)? tD;ar;vf? tifwmeuf?

tifx&meufESihf tvm;wl qufoG,fa&;rsm;?( ¡ ) ½kyfjrifoHMum;? N*dK[fwkqufoG,fa&;? toHvTifhtoHzrf;vkyfief;ESifh

tvm;wl qufoG,fa&;rsm;? tdrf&mESifh taqmufttkHrsm;/

9/ vlrIa&;u@vlrIa&;u@vlrIa&;u@vlrIa&;u@vlrIa&;u@(u) ynmoifMum;a&;qdkif&m oif½dk;ñTef;wrf;? oif½dk;rmwdum? oifjyenf;

pepf? okawoe? pDrHudef;? pDrHcsufESifhpHrsm;?( c ) wuúodkvf? 'D*&Daumvdyf? odyÜHponfhoifwef;rsm;ESifh tqifhjrifhynm

tjcm;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;?( * ) jynfaxmifpkuowfrSwfonfh pmar;yGJrsm;?(C) udk,fydkifausmif;rsm;ESifh oifwef;rsm;?( i ) trsKd;om;tm;upm;?( p ) trsKd;om;usef;rma&;?(q) wdkif;&if;aq;ynmESihf wdkif;&if;aq;0g;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;?( Z ) ukodkvfjzpfaq;½Hkrsm;ESifhaq;cef;rsm;? yk*¾vduaq;½Hkrsm;ESifhaq;cef;rsm;?(p s ) rdcifESifhuav;apmifha&Smufa&;?(n) MuufajceDtoif;?( # ) tpm;taomuf? aq;0g;? aq;ypönf;ESifh tvSukefponfwdkY wkya&maESm

xkwfvkyfa&mif;csjcif;rS umuG,fa&;?( X ) uav;oli,frsm;? vli,frsm;? trsKd;orD;rsm;? roefrpGrf;olrsm;?

oufBuD;&G,ftdkrsm;? tajctaerJhrsm;tm; apmifha&Smufa&;?( ! ) u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;udpö&yfrsm;?

185

(n) Fire Brigade;

(o) Working hours, resting-hours, holidays and occupational safety;

(p) Trade disputes;

(q) Social security;

(r) Labour organizations;

(s) Managements by the Union, the following:

(i) Ancient culture or historical sites, buildings, monuments, records,

stone inscriptions, ink inscriptions on stucco, palm-leaf parabaiks,

handwritings, handiworks, inanimate objects and archaeological

works;

(ii) Museums and libraries.

(t) Literature, dramatic arts, music, traditional arts and crafts, cinematographic

films and videos; and

(u) Registration of births and deaths.

10. Management Sector

(a) General administration;

(b) Administration of town and village land;

(c) Tenants;

(d) Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;

(e) Union secrets;

(f) Associations;

(g) Prisons;

(h) Development of border areas;

(i) Census;

(j) Citizenship, naturalization, termination and revocation of citizenship,

citizenship scrutiny and registration; and

(k) Titles and honours.

186

( ¡ ) rD;owfwyfzGJU?(P) tvkyfvkyfcsdef? em;csdef? tvkyfydwf&ufrsm;ESifh vkyfief;cGifqdkif&m

ab;tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;a&;?(w) 0gPdZÆy#dyu©?(x) vllrIzlvHka&;?( ' ) tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;?( " ) jynfaxmifpku pDrHcefYcGJonfh -

(1) a&S;a[mif;,Ofaus;rI odkYr[kwf ordkif;0ifa'orsm;? taqmufttHkrsm;? txdrf;trSwfrsm;? rSwfwrf;rsm;? ausmufpmrsm;?rifpmrsm;? ayyk&ydkufrsm;? vufa&;pmrsm;? vuf&mrsm;? ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;rsm;? a&S;a[mif;okawoevkyfief;rsm;?

(2) jywdkufrsm;? pmMunfhwddkufrsm;/( e ) pmay? obif? *Dw? ½dk;&myef;? ½kyf&Sif? AD'D,kd?( y ) arG;zGm;jcif;ESifh aoqHk;jcif;qdkif&m rSwfyHkwifa&;/

10/ pDrHcefYcGJa&;u@pDrHcefYcGJa&;u@pDrHcefYcGJa&;u@pDrHcefYcGJa&;u@pDrHcefYcGJa&;u@(u) taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;?( c ) &Gmajr? NrdKUajr pDrHcefYcGJa&;?( * ) tdrfiSm;? ajriSm;?(C) rl;,pfaq;0g;ESifh pdwfudkajymif;vJapwwfaomaq;0g;?( i ) EdkifiHawmfvQdKU0Sufcsufxdef;odrf;a&;qkdfif&mudpörsm;?( p ) toif;tzGJUrsm;?(q) tusOf;axmif?( Z ) e,fpyfa'ozGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;?(ps) oef;acgifpm&if;?(n) EdkifiHom;jzpfjcif;? EdkifiHom;jyKjcif;? EdkifiHom;tjzpfrS&yfpJjcif;? ½kyfodrff;jcif;?

EdkifiHom;pdppfa&;ESifh rSwfykHwifvkyfief;?( # ) bGJUxl;? *kPfxl;/

186

11. Judicial Sector

(a) Judiciary;

(b) Lawyers;

(c) Criminal Laws and procedures;

(d) Civil Laws and procedures including contract, arbitration, actionable wrong,

insolvency, trust and trustees, administrator and receiver, family laws,

guardians and wards, transfer of property and inheritance;

(e) Law of Evidence;

(f) Limitation;

(g) Suit valuation;

(h) Specific relief;

(i) Foreign jurisdiction;

(j) Admiralty jurisdiction; and

(k) Piracies, crimes committed in international waters or in outer space and

offences against the international law on land or in international waters or

in outer space.

187

11/ w&m;pD&ifa&;u@w&m;pD&ifa&;u@w&m;pD&ifa&;u@w&m;pD&ifa&;u@w&m;pD&ifa&;u@(u) w&m;pD&ifa&;?( c ) a&SUaersm;?( * ) jypfrIqkdif&m Oya'rsm;? usifhxkH;rsm;?(C) w&m;rOya'rsm;? usifhxkH;rsm;tygt0if? y#dnmOf? tEknmw pD&if

qkH;jzwfa&;? w&m;pGJqkdykdifcGifh&Sdaom epfemcsufrsm;? vlrGJtjzpfcH,ljcif;?,kHrSwftyfESHjcif;ESifh ,kHrSwftyfESHxm;ojzifh pDrHykdifcGifh&Sdolrsm;? tarGxdef;ESifhypönf;xdef;? rdom;pkqkdif&mOya'rsm;? tkyfxdef;olrsm;ESifh tkyfxdef;cH&olrsm;? ypönf;vTJajymif;jcif;? tarGqufcHa&;?

( i ) oufaocHOya'?( p ) umvpnf;urf;owf?(q) trIwefzkd;owfrSwfjcif;?( Z ) oD;jcm;oufomcGifh?(ps) EdkifiHjcm;pD&ifykdifcGifhtmPm?(n) yifv,fa&aMumif;pD&ifydkifcGifh?( # ) yifv,f"m;jyrIrsm;? EdkifiHwumyifv,fjyif odkYr[kwf aumif;uif,Hü

usL;vGefaomjypfrIrsm;? tjynfjynfqdkif&mOya'ukd azmufzsufíajrjyif odkYr[kwf EdkifiHwumyifv,fjyif odkYr[kwf aumif;uif,HüusL;vGefaomjypfrIrsm;/

187

SCHEDULE TWO

Region or State Legislative List

(Refer to Section 188)

1. Finance and Planning Sector

(a) The Region or State budget;

(b) The Region or State fund;

(c) Land revenue;

(d) Excise duty (not including narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances);

(e) Municipal taxes such as taxes on buildings and lands, water, street lightings

and wheels;

(f) Services of the Region or State;

(g) Sale, lease and other means of execution of property of the Region or

State;

(h) Disbursement of loans in the country from the Region or State funds;

(i) Investment in the country from the Region or State funds;

(j) Local plan; and

(k) Small loans business.

2. Economic Sector

(a) Economic matters undertaken in the Region or State in accord with law

enacted by the Union;

(b) Commercial matters undertaken in the Region or State in accord with law

enacted by the Union; and

(c) Co-operative matters undertaken in the Region or State in accord with

law enacted by the Union.

188

Z,m; 2Z,m; 2Z,m; 2Z,m; 2Z,m; 2wdkif;a'oBuD; odk Yr[kwf jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;wdkif;a'oBuD; odk Yr[kwf jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;wdkif;a'oBuD; odk Yr[kwf jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;wdkif;a'oBuD; odk Yr[kwf jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;wdkif;a'oBuD; odk Yr[kwf jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;

(yk'fr 188 udk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 188 udk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 188 udk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 188 udk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 188 udk &nfñTef;onf)

1/ b@ma&;ESifhpDrHudef;u@b@ma&;ESifhpDrHudef;u@b@ma&;ESifhpDrHudef;u@b@ma&;ESifhpDrHudef;u@b@ma&;ESifhpDrHudef;u@(u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ft&toHk;cefYrSef;ajcaiGpm&if;?( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fb@m&efyHkaiG?( * ) ajr,mcGef?(C) ,pfrsdK;cGef (rl;,pfaq;0g;ESifh pdwfudkajymif;vJapwwfonfh aq;0g;rsm;

ryg)?( i ) taqmufttHkESifh ajrcGef? a&cGef? vrf;rD;cGef? bD;cGefponfh pnfyif

om,ma&;qkdif&m tcGeftcrsm;?( p ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frsm;\ 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;?(q) wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fydkifypönf;rsm; a&mif;csjcif;? iSm;&rf;jcif;ESifh

tjcm;enf;jzifhaqmif&Gufjcif;?( Z ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fb@m&efykHaiGrsm; jynfwGif;üxkwfacs;

jcif;?(ps) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fb@m&efykHaiGrsm; jynfwGif;ü &if;ESD;

jr§KyfESHjcif;?(n) a'oEÅ&pDrHudef;?( # ) tao;pm;aiGacs;vkyfief;/

2/ pD;yGm;a&;u@pD;yGm;a&;u@pD;yGm;a&;u@pD;yGm;a&;u@pD;yGm;a&;u@(u) jynfaxmifpku jy|mef;onfh Oya'ESihftnD wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf

jynfe,ftwGif; aqmif&Gufonfh pD;yGm;a&;udpörsm;?( c ) jynfaxmifpku jy|mef;onfh Oya'ESihftnD wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf

jynfe,ftwGif; aqmif&Gufonfh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;udpörsm;?( * ) jynfaxmifpku jy|mef;onfh Oya'ESihftnD wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf

jynfe,ftwGif; aqmif&Gufonhf or0g,rudpörsm;/

188

3. Agriculture and Livestock Breeding Sector

(a) Agriculture;

(b) Protection against and control of plants and crop pests and diseases;

(c) Systematic use of chemical fertilizers and systematic production and use

of natural fertilizers;

(d) Agricultural loans and savings;

(e) Dams, embankments, lakes, drains and irrigation works having the right

to be managed by the Region or State;

(f) Fresh water fisheries; and

(g) Livestock breeding and systematic herding in accord with the law enacted

by the Union.

4. Energy, Electricity, Mining and Forestry Sector

(a) Medium and small scale electric power production and distribution that

have the right to be managed by the Region or State not having any link

with national power grid, except large scale electric power production

and distribution having the right to be managed by the Union;

(b) Salt and salt products;

(c) Cutting and polishing of gemstones within the Region or State;

(d) Village firewood plantation; and

(e) Recreation centers, zoological garden and botanical garden.

5. Industrial Sector

(a) Industries other than those prescribed to be undertaken by the Union

level; and

(b) Cottage industries.

189

3/ pkdufysK d;apkdufysK d;apkdufysK d;apkdufysK d;apkdufysK d;a&;ESif harG;jrLa&;u@&;ESifharG;jrLa&;u@&;ESifharG;jrLa&;u@&;ESifharG;jrLa&;u@&;ESifharG;jrLa&;u@(u) v,f,mpdkufysKd;a&;?( c ) tyifESihfoD;ESHzsufydk;rTm;a&m*g umuG,fa&;ESihf ESdrfeif;a&;?( * ) "mwfajrMoZm pepfwus oHk;pGJa&;ESihf obm0ajrMoZmrsm; pepfwus

xkwfvkyfoHk;pGJa&;?(C) pdkufysKd;a&; acs;aiGESihf pkaiGrsm;?( i ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fu pDrHcefYcGJcGihf&Sdaom qnfajrmif;?

wmwrH? a&uef? a&Ekwfajrmif;ESihf pdkufysKd;a&&&Sda&;vkyfief;rsm;?( p ) a&csKdig;vkyfief;?(q) jynfaxmifpku jy|mef;onhf Oya'ESihftnD wd&pämefarG;jrLa&;ESihf pepf

wus xdef;ausmif;a&;/

4/ pGrf;tif? vQyfppf? owåKESifh opfawmu@pGrf;tif? vQyfppf? owåKESifh opfawmu@pGrf;tif? vQyfppf? owåKESifh opfawmu@pGrf;tif? vQyfppf? owåKESifh opfawmu@pGrf;tif? vQyfppf? owåKESifh opfawmu@(u) jynfaxmifpku pDrHcefYcGJcGifh&Sdonfh tBuD;pm;vQyfppf"mwftm; xkwfvkyf

jzefYjzL;a&;rSty r[m"mwftm;vkdif;ESifh qufoG,fjcif;r&Sdaomwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fu pDrHcefYcGJcGifh&Sdonfh tvwfpm;ESifhtao;pm; vQyfppf"mwftm; xkwfvkyfjzefYjzL;a&;?

( c ) qm;ESifhqm;xGufypönf;?( * ) wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif; ausmufrsuf&wem jzwf

awmufjcif;? aoG;jcif;?(C) aus;&Gmxif;pkdufcif;?( i ) tyef;ajzpcef;rsm;? wd&pämefO,smOf? ½ku©aA'O,smOf/

5/ pufrIvufrIu@pufrIvufrIu@pufrIvufrIu@pufrIvufrIu@pufrIvufrIu@(u) jynfaxmifpktqihfu aqmif&Guf&ef owfrSwfxm;onhf pufrIvkyfief;

rsm;rSty tjcm;pufrIvkyfief;rsm;?( c ) tdrfwGif;pufrIvufrIvkyfief;rsm;/

189

6. Transport, Communication and Construction Sector

(a) Ports, jetties and pontoons having the right to be managed by the Region

or State;

(b) Roads and bridges having the right to be managed by the Region or State;

and

(c) Systematic running of private vehicles within the Region or State.

7. Social Sector

(a) Matters on traditional medicine not contrary to traditional medicine policies

prescribed by the Union;

(b) Social welfare works within the Region or State;

(c) Preventive and precautionary measures against fire and natural disasters;

(d) Stevedoring;

(e) Having the right of management by the Region or State, the following:

(i) preservation of cultural heritage;

(ii) museums and libraries.

(f) Theatres, cinemas and video houses; and

(g) Exhibitions such as photographs, paintings and sculptures.

8. Management Sector

(a) Development matters;

(b) Town and housing development; and

(c) Honorary certificates and awards.

190

6/ ydk Yaqmifa&;? qufoG,fa&;ESifh aqmufvkyfa&;u@ydkYaqmifa&;? qufoG,fa&;ESifh aqmufvkyfa&;u@ydkYaqmifa&;? qufoG,fa&;ESifh aqmufvkyfa&;u@ydkYaqmifa&;? qufoG,fa&;ESifh aqmufvkyfa&;u@ydkYaqmifa&;? qufoG,fa&;ESifh aqmufvkyfa&;u@(u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fu pDrHcefYcGJcGifh&Sdonfh qdyfurf;rsm;?

oabFmqdyfrsm;? qdyfcHrsm;?( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fu pDrHcefYcGJcGifh&Sdonfhvrf;rsm;? wHwm;rsm;?( * ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif;om oGm;vmonfh yk*¾vdu

,mOfrsm; pepfwusajy;qGJEdkifa&;/

7/ vlrIa&;u@vlrIa&;u@vlrIa&;u@vlrIa&;u@vlrIa&;u@(u) jynfaxmifpku csrSwfxm;onfh wdkif;&if;aq;qdkif&m rl0g'rsm;ESifh

rqefYusifaom wdkif;&if;aq;qdkif&mudpörsm;?( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif; vlrI0efxrf;vkyfief;rsm;?( * ) rD;ab;ESifh obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; BudKwifumuG,fa&;?(C) ukefwifukefcsvkyfief;?( i ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fu pDrHcefYcGJcGifh&Sdonfh –

(1) ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;xdef;odrf;a&;?(2) jywkdufESifhpmMunfhwkdufrsm;/

( p ) Zmwf½Hk? ½kyf&Sif½HkESifh AD'D,dk½Hk?(q) "mwfyHk? yef;csD? yef;yk ponfhhjyyGJrsm;/

8/ pDrHcefYcGJa&;u@pDrHcefYcGJa&;u@pDrHcefYcGJa&;u@pDrHcefYcGJa&;u@pDrHcefYcGJa&;u@(u) pnfyifom,ma&;?( c ) NrdKU&GmESifh tdk;tdrfzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;?( * ) *kPfxl;aqmifvufrSwfrsm;ESifh *kPfxl;aqmifqkypönf;rsm;/

190

SCHEDULE THREE

List of Legislation of the Leading Body of Self-Administered

Division or Self-Administered Area

(Refer to Section 196)

1. Urban and Rural Projects

2. Construction and Maintenance of Roads and Bridges

3. Public Health

4. Development Affairs

5. Prevention of Fire Hazard

6. Maintenance of Pasture

7. Conservation and Preservation of Forest

8. Preservation of Natural Environment in Accord with Law Promulgated by the

Union

9. Water and Electricity Matters in Towns and Villages

10. Market Matters of Towns and Villages

191

Z,m; 3Z,m; 3Z,m; 3Z,m; 3Z,m; 3udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif; odkYr[kwfudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif; odkYr[kwfudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif; odkYr[kwfudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif; odkYr[kwfudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif; odkYr[kwf

udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o OD;pD;tzGJU\ Oya'jyKpm&if;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o OD;pD;tzGJU\ Oya'jyKpm&if;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o OD;pD;tzGJU\ Oya'jyKpm&if;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o OD;pD;tzGJU\ Oya'jyKpm&if;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o OD;pD;tzGJU\ Oya'jyKpm&if;(yk'fr 196 udk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 196 udk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 196 udk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 196 udk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 196 udk &nfñTef;onf)

1/ NrdKUjyESihf aus;&GmpDrHudef;rsm;?

2/ vrf;wHwm;rsm; azmufvkyf? wnfaqmuf? jyKjyifxdef;odrf;a&;?

3/ jynfolYusef;rma&;?

4/ pnfyifom,ma&;vkyfief;?

5/ rD;ab;tEÅ&m,fBudKwifumuG,fa&;?

6/ pm;usufajrrsm;xdef;odrf;a&;?

7/ opfawmrsm;umuG,fxdef;odrf;a&;?

8/ jynfaxmifpkujy|mef;onfh Oya'ESifhtnD obm0ywf0ef;usif xdef;odrf;a&;?

9/ NrdKUESihf aus;&Gmrsm;twGif; a&ESihf vQyfppfrD;qdkif&mudpö?

10/ NrdKUrsm;ESihf aus;&Gmrsm;\ aps;rsm;qdkif&mudpö/

191

SCHEDULE FOUR

Form of Oaths or Affirmation

(Refer to Section 125)

I ................ do solemnly and sincerely promise that as an elected representative

of the Pyithu Hluttaw/ the Amyotha Hluttaw/ the Region or State Hluttaw, I will uphold

and abide by the Constitution of the Union. I will be loyal to the Republic of the

Union of Myanmar and citizenry and hold always in esteem non-disintegration

of the Union, non-disintegration of national solidarity and perpetuation of sovereignty.

In addition, I will carry out the responsibilities uprightly to the best of my ability.

192

Z,m; 4Z,m; 4Z,m; 4Z,m; 4Z,m; 4uwdopömjyKcsuf odkYr[kwf usrf;opömqdkcsuf ykHpHuwdopömjyKcsuf odkYr[kwf usrf;opömqdkcsuf ykHpHuwdopömjyKcsuf odkYr[kwf usrf;opömqdkcsuf ykHpHuwdopömjyKcsuf odkYr[kwf usrf;opömqdkcsuf ykHpHuwdopömjyKcsuf odkYr[kwf usrf;opömqdkcsuf ykHpH

(yk'fr 125 udkk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 125 udkk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 125 udkk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 125 udkk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 125 udkk &nfñTef;onf)

jynfolUvTwfawmf?

uGsEkfyf ———---——— onf trsKd;om;vTwfawmf? udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf

a&G;cs,fcH&NyD;jzpfojzihf EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'udk xdef;odrf;umuG,f apmifha&SmufNyD; EdkifiHawmf\ Oya'rsm;udkvnf; vdkufemygrnf/ jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmfESifh EdkifiHom;rsm;tay: opömapmifhod½kdaoygrnf/ jynfaxmifpk rNydKuJGa&;?wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nDñGwfrIrNydKuGJa&;? tcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfwHh cdkifNrJa&;wdkYudkxm0pOfOD;xdyfyefqifaqmif&Gufygrnf/ xkdYjyif,ckuGsEfkyfxrf;aqmifrnfjzpfaomwm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk ajzmifhrwfrSefuefpGm aqmif&Gufrnf[k av;eufwnfMunfpGmuwdopömjyKygonf/

usrf;opömqdkygonf/

192

SCHEDULE FIVE

Taxes Collected by Region or States

(Refer to Section 254)

1. Land revenue.

2. Excise revenue.

3. Water tax and embankment tax based on dams and reservoirs managed by the

Region or State and tax on use of electricity generated by such facilities managed

by the Region or State.

4. Toll fees from using roads and bridges managed by the Region or State.

5. (a) Royalty collected on fresh water fisheries.

(b) Royalty collected on marine fisheries within the permitted range of territorial

water.

6. Taxes collected on vehicles on road transport and vessels on inland waterway

transport, in accord with law, in a Region or a State.

7. Proceeds, rent fees and other profits from those properties owned by a Region or

a State.

8. Fees, taxes and other revenues collected on services enterprises by a Region or a

State.

193

Z,m; 5Z,m; 5Z,m; 5Z,m; 5Z,m; 5wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frsm;u aumufcH&rnfhwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frsm;u aumufcH&rnfhwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frsm;u aumufcH&rnfhwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frsm;u aumufcH&rnfhwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frsm;u aumufcH&rnfh

tcGeftcrsm;tcGeftcrsm;tcGeftcrsm;tcGeftcrsm;tcGeftcrsm;(yk'fr 254 udk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 254 udk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 254 udk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 254 udk &nfñTef;onf)(yk'fr 254 udk &nfñTef;onf)

1/ ajr,mcGef?

2/ ,pfrsdK;cGef?

3/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fu pDrHcefYcGJcGihf&Sdonfh qnfrsm;? wmwrHrsm;udkt&if;cHonfh a&cGef? wmwrHcGefESifh xdkqnfrsm;? wmwrHrsm;\ a&tm;jzifhxkwfvkyf&&Sdonfh vQyfppf"mwftm;oHk;pGJc?

4/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fu pDrHcefYcGJcGihf&Sdonfhvrf;rsm;? wHwm;rsm;jzwfoef;c?

5/ (u) a&csKdig;vkyfief;tay:wGif pnf;MuyfaumufcHonfh b@mawmfaMu;?( c ) owfrSwfxm;aom tuGmta0;twGif; yifv,fig;zrf;vkyfief;tay:

wGif pnf;MuyfaumufcHonfh b@mawmfaMu;/

6/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f ukef;vrf;? a&vrf;oHk;,mOfrsm;qdkif&mOya't& pnf;MuyfaomtcGef?

7/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fykdifypönf;rsm; a&mif;&aiGESifh iSm;&rf;crsm;?,if;ypönf;rsm;rS &&Sdaom tjcm;tusKd;tjrwfrsm;?

8/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frsm;u 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;twGufowfrSwf aumufcHonfh tcaMu;aiGrsm;? tcGeftcrsm;ESihf tjcm;&aiGrsm;?

193

9. Fines imposed by judicial courts in a Region or a State including Region Taya

Hluttaw or State Taya Hluttaw and taxes collected on service provision and other

revenues.

10. Interests from disbursed by a Region or State.

11. Profits returned from investment of a Region or State.

12. Taxes collected on extraction of the following items from the forests in a Region or

a State:

(a) Taxes collected on all other woods except teak and other restricted hard

woods;

(b) Taxes collected on firewood, charcoal, rattan, bamboo, birdnests, cutch,

thanetkha, turpentine, eaglewood and honey-based products.

13. Registration fees.

14. Taxes on entrainments.

15. Salt tax.

16. Revenue received from the Union Fund Account.

17. Contributions by development affairs organizations in a Region or State concerned.

18. Unclaimed cash and property.

19. Treasure trove.

194

9/ wdkif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf tygt0ifwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif;&Sd w&m;½Hk;rsm;u csrSwfonfh 'PfaiGrsm;?0efaqmifrItwGuf aumufcHonfh tcGeftcrsm;ESihf tjcm;&aiGrsm;?

10/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fb@m&efyHkaiGrsm; xkwfacs;ojzifh &&Sdaomtwdk;rsm;?

11/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f\ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIjzifh&&Sdonfh tusKd;tjrwfrsm;?

12/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif;&Sd opfawmrsm;rS atmufygypönf;rsm;xkwf,lonfhtwGuf aumufcHonfhtcGeftcrsm; -(u) uRef;ESif howfrSwfaomopfrmrsm;rSty usefopfrsm;tay:wGif

aumufcHonfhtcGef?( c ) xif;? rD;aoG;? Budrf? 0g;? iSufodkuf? &Sm;ap;? oeyfcg;? xif;&SL;qD?

opfarT;? ysm;xGufypönf;rsm; ponfwdkYtay: aumufcHonfhtcGef/

13/ rSwfyHkwifaMu;?

14/ yGJcGef?

15/ qm;cGef?

16/ jynfaxmifpk b@m&efyHkaiGrS &&Sdonfhb@maiGrsm;?

17/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif;&Sd pnfyifom,ma&;qdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ xnfh0ifaiGrsm;?

18/ ydkif&Sifray:aom oGif;xm;aiGrsm;ESifhypönf;rsm;?

19/ &wemodkuf/

194

THE CONSTITUTION OF

THE UNION OF BURMA (1974)

CONTENTS

PREAMBLE

CHAPTER I: THE STATE

CHAPTER II: BASIC PRINCIPLES

CHAPTER III: STATE STRUCTURE

CHAPTER IV: PYITHU HLUTTAW

CHAPTER V: COUNCIL OF STATE

CHAPTER VI: COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

CHAPTER VII: COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S JUSTICES

CHAPTER VIII: COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S ATTORNEYS

CHAPTER IX: COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S INSPECTORS

CHAPTER X: PEOPLE'S COUNCILS

CHAPTER XI: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AN DUTIES OF CITIZENS

CHAPTER XII: ELECTORAL SYSTEM

CHAPTER XIII: RECALL, RESIGNATION AND REPLACEMENT

CHAPTER XIV: STATE FLAG, STATE SEAL, NATIONAL ANTHEM, AND STATE CAPITAL

CHAPTER XV: AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION

CHAPTER XVI: GENERAL PROVISIONS

PREAMBLE

We, the people residing in the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma have throughout history lived in harmony and unity sharing joys and sorrows in weal or woe.

The people of the land have endeavoured with perseverance and undaunted courage, for the attainment of independence, displaying throughout their struggles for national liberation against imperialism an intense patriotism, spirit of mutual help and sacrifice and have aspired to Democracy and Socialism.

After attaining independence, the power and influence of the feudalists, landlords, and capitalists had increased and consolidated due to the defects in the old Constitution and the ill-effects of capitalistic parliamentary democracy. The cause of Socialism came under near eclipse.

In order to overcome this deterioration and to build Socialism, the Revolutionary Council of the Union of Burma assumed responsibility as a historical mission, adopted the Burmese Way to Socialism, and also formed the Burma Socialist Programme Party.

The Burma Socialist Programme Party has drafted the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma, in accordance with the wishes of the people, after extensive and thorough discussions with them, for the purpose of building a peaceful and prosperous socialist society to which the working people of the national races have long aspired.

We, the working people, firmly resolved that we shall-

- faithfully follow the leadership of the Burma Socialist Programme Party,

- build a socialist economic system by the Burmese Way to Socialism, for the country to be peaceful and prosperous, opposing all pernicious systems characterised by exploitation of man by man, and of one national race by another, with a view to promoting justice and goodwill among the people, and to freeing them from apathy and callousness, ignorance, backwardness and want of opportunity,

- build a socialist democratic social order which will afford an opportunity to the people to shape their own destiny, by the Burmese Way to Socialism,

- live forever in harmony unity and racial equality sharing joys and sorrows through weal and woe in the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma,

- efficiently perform all duties and fulfil all obligations in the interest of the State and for the cause of Socialism while enjoying the democratic rights and personal rights and freedom bestowed by this Constitution,

- constantly strive to promote international peace and friendly relations among the nations,

do adopt this Constitution of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma by a nation-wide referendum this IIth day of the waxing of Pyatho of the year 1335 B.E. (the 3rd day of the month of January, 1974 A.D.).

CHAPTER I

THE STATE

Article 1

Burma is a sovereign independent Socialist State of the working people. The State shall be known as The Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma.

Article 2

The Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma is a State wherein various national races make their homes together.

Article 3

The territory of the State shall be the land, sea and airspace which constitute its territory on the day this Constitution is adopted.

Article 4

National sovereignty shall reside in the entire State.

CHAPTER II

BASIC PRINCIPLES

Article 5

A Socialist society is the goal of the State.

Article 6

The economic system of the State is a Socialist economic system.

Article 7

Socialist democracy is the basis of the State structure.

Article 8

There shall be no exploitation of man by man nor of one national race by another in the State.

Article 9

The State safeguards the interests of the working people whose strength is based on peasants and workers.

Article 10

The State shall cultivate and promote the all-round physical, intellectual and moral development of youth.

Article 11

The State shall adopt a single-party system. The Burma Socialist Programme Party is the sole political party and it shall lead the State.

Article 12

The sovereign powers of the State, legislative, executive and judicial reside in the people, comprising all national races whose strength is based on peasants and workers. The Pyithu Hluttaw[1]1, elected by citizens having the right to vote, exercises the sovereign power invested

in it by the people and delegates to Organs of State Power in accordance with this Constitution.

Article 13

The Pyithu Hluttaw shall exercise the legislative power solely by itself while it may delegate executive and judicial powers to the Central and Local Organs of State Power formed under this Constitution.

Article 14

The Organs of State Power at different levels shall function in accordance with socialist democratic practices which include mutual reporting, mutually offering, accepting and respecting of advice and wishes, collective leadership, collective decision making, abiding by collective decisions, lower organs carrying out the decisions and directives of the higher organs which in turn respect the views submitted by the lower organs.

Article 15

Every citizen has, in accordance with this Constitution and other relevant laws, the right to-

(a) elect, and to be elected as, people's representatives to the Organs of State Power at different levels;

(b) recall elected people's representatives.

Article 16

Every people's representative, elected to any Organ of State Power, shall report back to the electorate on his work and shall also ascertain the wishes of the people.

Article 17

The working people shall have full participation in local matters, so that such matters may be resolved as far as possible, at the local level. They shall be invested with duties and powers.

Article 18

The State-

(a) is the ultimate owner of all natural resources above and below the ground, above and beneath the waters and in the atmosphere, and also of all the lands;

(b) shall develop, extract, exploit and utilise the natural resources in the interest of the working people of all the national races.

Article 19

The State shall nationalise the means of production within the land. Suitable enterprises shall be owned and operated by co-operatives.

Article 20

The State may, in accordance with law, permit such private enterprises which do not undermine the socialist economic system.

Article 21

(a) The State shall be responsible for constantly developing and promoting unity, mutual assistance, amity and mutual respect among the national races.

(b) The national races shall enjoy the freedom to profess their religion, use and develop their language, literature and culture, follow their cherished traditions and customs, provided that the enjoyment of any such freedom does not offend the laws or the public interest.

Article 22

All citizens shall-

(a) be equal before the law, regardless of race, religion, status, or sex;

(b) enjoy equal opportunities;

(c) enjoy the benefits derived from his labour in proportion to his contribution in manual or mental labour;

(d) have the right to inherit according to law.

Article 23

No penal law shall have retrospective effect.

Article 24

Punishments shall not be awarded in violation of human dignity.

Article 25

Laws shall be enacted to enforce the freedoms, powers, rights, duties and restrictions prescribed by this Constitution.

Article 26

The State consistently practises an independent foreign policy, aimed at international peace and friendly relations among nations, and upholds the principles of peaceful co-existence of nations.

Article 27

These basic principles constitute the guidelines for interpreting the provisions of this Constitution and of other laws.

[1] People’s Congress

CHAPTER III

STATE STRUCTURE

Article 28

Local autonomy under central leadership is the system of the State.

Article 29

(a) Local areas of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma shall be organised as follows:-

(1) villages are organised as village-tracts;

(2) wards are organised as towns;

(3) village-tracts and towns are organised as townships;

(4) townships are organised as states or divisions;

(5) states and divisions are organised as the State.

(b) The different levels of administrative areas of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma shall be as follows:-

(1) wards or village-tracts;

(2) townships;

(3) states or divisions;

(4) the State.

Article 30

(a) Kawthoolei is constituted as Karen State;

(b) Chin Special Division is constituted as Chin State;

(c) Tenasserim Division (I) is constituted as Mon State;

(d) Tenasserim Division (2) is constituted as Tenasserim Division;

(e) Arakan Division is constituted as Arakan State.

Article 31

The States and Divisions of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma are as follows:-

(a) Kachin State

(b) Kayah State

(c) Karen State

(d) Chin State

(e) Sagaing Division

(f) Tenasserim Division

(g) Pegu Division

(h) Magwe Division

(i) Mandalay Division

(j) Mon State

(k) Arakan State

(l) Rangoon Division

(m) Shan State

(n) Irrawaddy Division.

Article 32

The Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma has a unicameral Pyithu Hluttaw.

Article 33

The Council of State shall be formed for the purpose of directing, supervising and co-ordinating the works of the Central and Local Organs of State Power and of the Bodies of Public Services in accordance with the laws, rules and resolutions passed by the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Article 34

The following Central Organs of State Power shall be formed to carry out the tasks laid down by the Pyithu Hluttaw:-

(a) The Council of Ministers;(b) The Council of People's Justices;

(c) The Council of People's Attorneys;

(d) The Council of People's Inspectors.

Article 35

A People's Council shall be formed for each State, Division, Township, Ward and Village-tract.

Article 36

(a) An Executive Committee, a Committee of Judges and an Inspection Committee shall be formed for each State, Division, or Township People's Council.

(b) An Executive Committee and a Committee of Judges shall be formed for each Ward or Village-tract People's Council.

Article 37

Bodies of Public Services, such as bodies of Public Administrative Services, Judicial Services, Law Services and Accounts Services shall be formed where necessary at central and local levels.

Article 38

The Pyithu Hluttaw may, in the interests of the State re-demarcate the territorial limits of the State by a vote of 75 per cent of all the members of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Article 39

The Pyithu Hluttaw may make laws to-

(a) reconstitute States or Divisions as the need arises, after ascertaining the wishes of the citizens residing in the States or Divisions concerned;

(b) re-demarcate the boundary of any State or Division, as the need arises, after ascertaining the wishes of the citizens residing in the States or Divisions concerned;

(c) change the name of any State or Division, as the need arises, after ascertaining the wishes of citizens residing in the State or Division concerned.

Article 40

The Council of Ministers may constitute or reconstitute villages, village-tracts, wards, towns and townships within a State or Division, as the need arises, in consultation with the People's Councils concerned.

CHAPTER IV

PYITHU HLUTTAW

Article 41

The Pyithu Hluttaw is the highest Organ of state power. It exercises the sovereign powers of the State on behalf of the people.

Article 42

The Pyithu Hluttaw shall be formed with People's representatives elected directly by secret ballot by citizens who have the right to vote under this Constitution and other electoral laws.

Article 43

The regular term of the Pyithu Hluttaw is four years from the date of its first session.

Article 44

The legislative power of the State is vested solely in the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Article 45

The Pyithu Hluttaw may delegate executive and judicial powers of the State to Central and Local Organs of State Power in accordance with this Constitution.

Article 46

The Pyithu Hluttaw shall have the right to enact laws concerning the culture of a national race only with the consent of more than half of all the members of the Pyithu Hluttaw from the State or Division concerned.

Article 47

The Pyithu Hluttaw shall have exclusive power to enact laws relating to State economic plans, annual budget and taxation.

Article 48

The Pyithu Hluttaw shall decide-

(a) important matters only by a vote of 75 per cent of all of its members;

(b) ordinary matters by a vote of more than half of all its members;

(c) as to whether any matter is important or ordinary by a vote of more than half of the members present.Article 49

The Pyithu Hluttaw may decide to declare war and to make peace only by a vote of 75 per cent of all its members. The Council of State shall convene an emergency session of the Pyithu Hluttaw should circumstances call for a decision while the Pyithu Hluttaw is not in session.

Article 50

The Pyithu Hluttaw may decide to hold a referendum where necessary.

Article 51

Regular sessions of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be convened at least twice a year. The interval between two sessions shall not exceed eight months. The Council of State may summon a special or an emergency session of the Pyithu Hluttaw where necessary.

Article 52

The Council of State shall convene a session of the Pyithu Hluttaw as soon as possible if 34 per cent of all the members of the Pyithu Hluttaw so requisition.

Article 53

(a) A Panel of Chairmen shall be elected to preside at each regular session of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

(b) The members of the Pyithu Hluttaw from each State or Division shall elect a chairman from among themselves to the Panel of Chairmen. The Pyithu Hluttaw shall give its approval to the election of the chairmen.

(c) Members of the Panel of Chairmen shall preside over the sessions of the Pyithu Hluttaw by rotation.

(d) A member of the Pyithu Hluttaw who is also a member of the Council of State or of any Central Organ of State Power shall not be a member of the Panel of Chairmen. Should a member of the Panel of Chairmen- be elected to the Council of State or to any Central Organ of State Power he shall resign from the Panel.

(e) The Panel of Chairmen shall continue to carry out its duties till a new Panel has been elected at the next regular session of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

(f) The Panel of Chairmen of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall convene a session of the Pyithu Hluttaw if the Council of State fails to comply within 30 days from the date of a requisition made under Article 52.

Article 54

The Pyithu Hluttaw shall-

(a) constitute various Affairs Committees of the Pyithu Hluttaw relating to economic, financial, social, public administrative, legislative, foreign, national races and other affairs, with members elected from among those of the Pyithu Hluttaw;

(b) in accordance with law constitute a National Defence and Security Committee consisting of a suitable number of members of the Council of State and of the Council of Ministers.

Article 55

The Pyithu Hluttaw shall enact a law to enable the Council of People's Inspectors to conduct inspections through committees to be formed by it, to determine whether or not the activities and the work of the following bodies are beneficial to the interests of the people:-

(a) Local Organs of State Power;

(b) Ministries;

(c) Bodies of Public Services; and

(d) such other organisations as may be prescribed by law.

Article 56

The Pyithu Hluttaw may form Commissions and Committees as and when necessary and invest them with duties and powers.

Article 57

The Pyithu Hluttaw shall make laws, rules and procedures for itself and for its Affairs Committees.

Article 58

The Council of State and the Central Organs of State Power shall be responsible to the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Article 59

(a) If need should arise to arrest any member of the Pyithu Hluttaw while it is in session, reliable evidence in support of such need shall be produced before the Panel of Chairmen. No such arrest shall be made without the prior approval of the Panel of Chairmen.

(b) If need should arise to arrest any member of the Pyithu Hluttaw belonging to any organ of the Pyithu Hluttaw, while such organ is in session, reliable evidence in support of such need shall be produced before the Council of State. No such arrest shall be made without the prior approval of the Council of State.(c) If any member of the Pyithu Hluttaw is arrested while the Pyithu Hluttaw or any organ of the Assembly to which he belongs is not in session the arrest and reliable evidence in support thereof shall be submitted to the Council of State as soon as possible.

Article 60

All deliberations and actions in sessions of the Pyithu Hluttaw or of the Organs of the Pyithu Hluttaw are absolutely privileged. No member shall be liable or punishable therefor, except under the laws, rules and regulations of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Article 61

When the Pyithu Hluttaw is not in session, the Central Organs of State Power shall reply to written questions submitted by any member of the Pyithu Hluttaw within three weeks from the date of receipt of the question.

Article 62

The Pyithu Hluttaw may be dissolved if 75 per cent of all its members so resolve.

Article 63

The Pyithu Hluttaw may dissolve any People's Council or People's Councils for any of the following reasons:-

(a) violation of any provision of this Constitution,

(b) actions undermining national unity,

(c) endangering the stability of the State,

(d) contravention of any resolution adopted by the Pyithu Hluttaw,

(e) inefficient discharge of duties.

CHAPTER V

COUNCIL OF STATE

Article 64

The Pyithu Hluttaw shall form the Council of State with the following persons elected from among its members:-

(a) one member each elected by the States and Divisions, from among members of the Pyithu Hluttaw of the State or Division concerned,

(b) members elected by the members of the Pyithu Hluttaw from among themselves, equal in number to the number of representatives elected under Clause (a) of this Article, and

(c) the Prime Minister.

Article 65

Members of the Council of State elected under Clauses (a) and (b) of Article 64 shall elect from among themselves the Chairman and the Secretary of the Council of State and shall obtain the approval of the Pyithu Hluttaw for such election.

Article 66

The Chairman of the Council of State shall be the President of the Republic.

Article 67

The term of office of the President is the same as that of the Council of State.

Article 68

The President of the Republic represents the State.

Article 69

If the Chairman of the Council of State is temporarily incapable of performing his duties, the Secretary of the Council of State shall perform the duties of the chairman, in addition to his own.

Article 70

The Council of State shall be responsible for giving effect to the provisions of this Constitution.

Article 71

The Council of State is responsible to the Pyithu Hluttaw. It shall report on its activities to the nearest session of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Article 72

The term of office of the Council of State is the same as that of the Pyithu Hluttaw. The Council of State shall, on the expiry of the Pyithu Hluttaw, continue to perform its duties and functions till a new Council of State has been duly elected and constituted.

Article 73

The Council of State shall-

(a) convene sessions of the Pyithu Hluttaw in consultation with the Panel of Chairmen of the Pyithu Hluttaw;

(b) interpret the laws other than this Constitution for the purpose of uniformity;

(c) promulgate laws enacted and rules made by the Pyithu Hluttaw;

(d) submit lists of candidates from among the members of the Pyithu Hluttaw to enable the Pyithu Hluttaw to elect the Council of Ministers, the Council of People's Justices, the Council of People's Attorneys and the Council of People's Inspectors. [Members of the Council of State elected under Clauses (a) and (b) of Article 64 shall collectively submit such lists.];

(e) submit a list of candidates from among the members of the Pyithu Hluttaw to enable the Pyithu Hluttaw to elect Affairs Committees of the Pyithu Hluttaw [Members of the Council of State elected under Clauses (a) and (b) of Article 64 shall collectively submit such lists];

(f) make decisions concerning the establishment of diplomatic relations with foreign countries, severance of such relations and appointment and recall of diplomatic representatives;

(g) make decisions concerning the acceptance of credentials of envoys of foreign States or their recall;

(h) make decisions concerning the entering into, ratification or annulment of international treaties, or the withdrawal from such treaties with the approval of the Pyithu Hluttaw;

(i) make decisions concerning international agreements;

(j) appoint or remove Deputy Ministers;

(k) decide on the temporary suspension from duty or attendance of any session of any member of the Pyithu Hluttaw against whom action for high treason may be called for, provided the approval therefor shall be obtained from the nearest session of the Pyithu Hluttaw;

(l) appoint or dismiss heads of Bodies of Public Services;

(m) abrogate the decisions and orders of the Central and Local Organs of State Power if they are not consistent with the law;

(n) institute, confer or revoke titles, honours and awards;

(o) grant pardons or amnesty;

(p) perform other duties and exercise powers invested under this Constitution and other laws.

Article 74

The Council of State may make, if necessary, ordnances having the force of law, on matters other than those prescribed in Article 47, during the interval between sessions of the Pyithu Hluttaw. Such orders shall be submitted for approval to the nearest session of the Pyithu Hluttaw held within go days. If no session of the Pyithu Hluttaw is due within 90 days after the promulgation of such orders, an emergency session of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be convened and approval obtained. Such orders shall cease to have effect from the date on which they are disapproved by the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Article 75

The Council of State may take suitable military action in the face of aggression against the State and action so taken shall be submitted to an emergency session of the Pyithu Hluttaw. If the situation is such that it is absolutely impossible to convene an emergency session of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Council of State may continue all necessary military action. Such action shall be submitted for approval to the nearest session of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Article 76

The Council of State may declare a state of emergency and promulgate martial law in specified areas or in the entire State, if an emergency affecting the defence and security of the State should arise. It may order mobilisation in certain areas or in the entire State. Such measures shall be submitted for approval to the nearest session of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Article 77

The Council of State may propose to the Pyithu Hluttaw the extension of the term of the Pyithu Hluttaw or of the People's Councils at different levels by six months at a time up to three times, if wars or natural disasters or conditions prejudicial to security render elections impossible though the regular term of the Pyithu Hluttaw or of the People's Councils has expired.

Article 78

If an emergency arises in the entire State, the Council of State shall declare a state of emergency and convene an emergency session of the Pyithu Hluttaw. If a sufficient number of Pyithu Hluttaw members necessary to form a quorum fails to attend, the Council of State may take the following measures:-

(a) the Council of State, the Central Organs of State Power, members of the Pyithu Hluttaw belonging to the Organs of the Pyithu Hluttaw and those members who are able to attend the session shall collectively perform the duties and functions of the Pyithu Hluttaw, and

(b) a session of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be convened as soon as the situation permits and approval obtained on the measures taken on behalf of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Article 79

The Council of State shall direct, supervise and co-ordinate the work of the Central and Local Organs of State Power and of the Bodies of Public Services in accordance with the laws, rules and resolutions passed by the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Article 80

The Chairman of the Council of State shall sign the laws, rules and resolutions passed by the Pyithu Hluttaw as well as the orders promulgated by the Council of State. These shall be promulgated in the official Gazette.

Article 81

Bodies of Public Services may be constituted only by decision of the Council of State.

CHAPTER VI

COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

Article 82

The Council of Ministers shall be formed as follows:-

(a) The Pyithu Hluttaw elects members of the Council of Ministers from among those members of the Pyithu Hluttaw whose names are on the list submitted collectively by members of the Council of State elected under Clauses (a) and (b) of Article 64.

(b) The Council of Ministers elects a Prime Minister from among its members.

(c) The Council of Ministers elects Deputy Prime Ministers from among the Ministers nominated by the Prime Minister.

Article 83

The Council of Ministers is the highest executive organ of the State.

Article 84

The Council of Ministers is responsible to the Pyithu Hluttaw when the Pyithu Hluttaw is in session and to the Council of State when the Pyithu Hluttaw is not in session.

Article 85

The Council of Ministers-

(a) shall submit to the Council of State a list of those members of the Pyithu Hluttaw who should be appointed as Deputy Ministers;

(b) may propose to the Council of State the termination of the service of a Deputy Minister, when necessary.

Article 86

(a) The term of office of the Council of Ministers is the same as that of the Pyithu Hluttaw. On the expiry of the term of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Council of Ministers shall continue to perform its duties until a new Council of Ministers has been elected.

(b) The term of office of Deputy Ministers is the same as that of the Council of Ministers.

Article 87

The Council of Ministers-

(a) is responsible for the management of executive, economic, financial, social, cultural and foreign affairs and national defence on behalf of the Pyithiu Hluttaw in accordance with the principle of collective leadership;

(b) implements the socialist economic system through the economic plan of all the national races;

(c) implements the resolution of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the orders of the Council of State;

(d) directs and co-ordinates the Ministries, organs of public administration and the executive Committees of the People's Council at different levels;

(e) maintains the rule of law and upholds law and order;

(f) perform such other duties as may be laid down by the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Council of State.

Article 88

The Council of Ministers shall draw up, after making necessary adjustments, and submit the following to the Pyithu Hluttaw through the Council of State:-

(a) long-term, short-term and annual economic plans;

(b) annual budgets;

(c) annual reports on the situation of the State;

(d) reports that may be required from time to time.

Article 89

The Council of Ministers shall be solely responsible for the submission of the following bills to the Pyithu Hluttaw through the Council of State for enactment into law:-

(a) bills on economic plans;

(b) bills on budgets;

(c) bills on taxation.

Article 90

Each Minister is responsible for the successful performance of the duties of those organs of public administration with which he is charged at their different levels.

Article 91

A Minister is responsible to the Council of Ministers. A Deputy Minister is responsible to the Minister concerned.

Article 92

The Council of Ministers may, with the approval of the Council of State, constitute such Bodies of Public Administrative Services at different levels as may be necessary and may appoint the required personnel to such Services, according to law.

Article 93

The Council of Ministers shall prescribe the duties and powers of organs of public administration at all levels.

Article 94

Organs of public administration at different levels shall be responsible to those of the next higher level as well as to the People's Councils concerned and be subject to their supervision and inspection.

CHAPTER VII

COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S JUSTICES

Article 95

(a) The Pyithu Hluttaw elects members of the Council of People's Justices from among those members of the Pyithu Hluttaw whose names are on the list submitted collectively by members of the Council of State elected under Clauses (a) and (b) of Article 64.

(b) Members of the Council of People's Justices shall elect a Chairman from among themselves.

Article 96

(a) The following Judicial Organs shall be constituted in the State-

(1) the Council of People's Justices;

(2) State Judges' Committee, Divisional Judges' Committee;

(3) Township Judges' Committee;

(4) Ward Judges' Committee, Village-tract Judges' Committee;

(b) The Pyithu Hluttaw shall prescribe, by law, the duties and powers of the Judicial Organs.

Article 97

The term of office of the Council of People's Justices shall be the same as that of the Pyithu Hluttaw. The Council of People's Justices shall, on expiry of the term of the Pyithu Hluttaw, continue to perform its duties and functions till a new Council of People's Justices has been elected.

Article 98

Justice shall be administered collectively by each judicial organ.

Article 99

Military justice for members of the People's Defence Services may be administered according to law by a collective organ or by a single Judge.

Article 100

Administrative tribunals may be formed according to Law.

Article 101

Administration of justice shall be based on the following principles-

(a) to protect and safeguard the Socialist system;

(b) to protect and safeguard the interests of the working people;

(c) to administer justice independently according to law;

(d) to educate the public to understand and abide by the law;

(e) to work within the framework of law as far as possible for the settlement of cases between members of the public;

(f) to dispense justice in open court unless otherwise prohibited by law;

(g) to guarantee in all cases the right of defence and the right of appeal under law;

(h) to aim at reforming moral character in meting out punishment to offenders.

Article 102

The Burmese language shall be used in the administration of justice. Languages of the national races concerned may also be used, when necessary, and arrangements shall then be made to make interpreters available.

Article 103

The Council of People's Justices-

(a) is the highest judicial organ of the State and;

(b) shall form the necessary judicial Courts only with its members and administer justice.

Article 104

The Council of People's Justices shall be responsible to the Pyithu Hluttaw and shall report to the Pyithu Hluttaw on the state of the administration of justice. When the Pyithu Hluttaw is not in session, the Council of People's Justices shall be responsible to the Council of State.

Article 105

The Council of People's Justices shall supervise all judicial organs and courts within the State.

Article 106

(a) The State People's Councils, the Divisional People's Councils, the Township People's Councils, the Ward People's Councils and the Village-tract People's Councils shall respectively form the State Judges' Committees, the Divisional Judges' Committees, the Township Judges' Committees, the Ward Judges' Committees and the Village-tract Judges' Committees with persons elected from among the members of the respective People's Councils.

(b) Members of the Judges' Committees elected by the People's Councils at different levels under Clause (a) above shall each elect a Chairman from among their members.

Article 107

(a) The Judges' Committees of the People's Councils at different levels shall form with it members, such Courts as may be necessary.

(b) If the number of members of the Judges' Committees is not sufficient to form Courts under Clause (a) above Courts may be formed with members of the Peoples' Councils concerned under the leadership of a member of the Judges' Committee at the respective level. Other suitable citizens may be included in such Courts only if the number of members of the respective People's Council is not sufficient to form such Courts.

Article 108

The term of office of State Judges' Committees, Divisional Judges' Committees, Township Judges' Committees, Ward Judges' Committees and Village-tract Judges' Committees shall be the same as that of the People's Councils concerned at different levels. On expiry of the term of the People's Councils at different levels, the respective Judges' Committee shall continue to perform its duties and functions until a new Judges' Committee has been elected.

Article 109

The Council of People's Justices may, with the approval of the Council of State, form bodies of judicial services at different levels as may be necessary and appoint the required personnel to such services according to law.

Article 110

The State Judges' Committees, the Divisional Judges' Committees, the Township Judges' Committees, the Ward Judges' Committees and the Village-tract Judges' Committees shall supervise the judicial organs and Courts formed by them and such Judges' Committees shall be responsible to the People's Councils concerned.

CHAPTER VIII

COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S ATTORNEYS

Article 111

(a) The Pyithu Hluttaw elects members of the Council of People's Attorneys from among those members of the Pyithu Hluttaw whose names are on the list submitted collectively by members of the Council of State elected under Clauses (a) and (b) of Article 64.

(b) Members of the Council of People's Attorneys shall elect a Chairman from among themselves.

Article 112

The Council of People's Attorneys shall-

(a) protect and safeguard the Socialist system;

(b) protect and safeguard the rights and privileges of the working people;

(c) tender legal advice to the Council of State and to the Council of Ministers;

(d) report to the Council of State any acts of the Central and Local Organs of State Power and of the Bodies of Public Services which infringe the law;

(e) undertake any other duties prescribed by law.

Article 113

The term of office of the Council of People's Attorneys is the same as that of the Pyithu Hluttaw. On expiry of the term of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Council of People's Attorneys shall continue to perform its duties and functions till a new Council of People's Attorneys has been elected.

Article 114

The Council of People's Attorneys shall be responsible to the Pyithu Hluttaw. It shall report to the Pyithu Hluttaw on the progress of its work. It shall be responsible to the Council of State when the Pyithu Hluttaw is not in session.

Article 115

The Council of People's Attorneys may, with the approval of the Council of State, form as necessary, bodies of law services at different levels and shall also appoint the required law officers in accordance with law.

Article 116

The Council of People's Attorneys shall direct and supervise the Central law officers, State and Divisional law officers and Township law officers.

Article 117

The Pyithu Hluttaw shall by law prescribe the duties and powers of the Council of People's Attorneys, the Central, State and Divisional law officers and Township law officers.

CHAPTER IX

COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S INSPECTORS

Article 118

(a) The Pyithu Hluttaw elects members of the Council of People's Inspectors from among those members of the Pyithu Hluttaw whose names are on the list submitted collectively by members of the Council of State elected under Clauses (a) and (b) of Article 64.

(b) Members of the Council of People's Inspectors shall elect a Chairman from among themselves.

Article 119

The Council of People's Inspectors is the highest organ of inspection of public undertakings.

Article 120

The Council of People's Inspectors shall be responsible to the Pyithu Hluttaw. It shall submit reports to the Pyithu Hluttaw on the progress of inspection of public undertakings. It shall be responsible to the Council of State when the Pyithu Hluttaw is not in session.

Article 121

(a) The Council of People's Inspectors shall conduct inspections to determine whether the activities of the Local Organs of State Power, Ministries, Bodies of Public Services and such other organisations as may be prescribed by law prove beneficial to the interests of the public.

(b) The Council of People's Inspectors shall report on its findings and measures taken by it, to the Pyithu Hluttaw through the Council of State.

Article 122

The term of office of the Council of People's Inspectors is the same as that of the Pyithu Hluttaw. On expiry of the term of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Council of People's Inspectors shall continue to perform its duties and functions till a new Council of People s Inspectors has been elected.

Article 123

(a) The State, Divisional and Township People's Councils shall form State, Divisional and Township Inspectorates with members of State, Divisional and Township People's Councils concerned.

(b) Members of each Local Inspectorate shall elect a Chairman from among themselves.

(c) The Pyithu Hluttaw shall by law prescribe the duties and powers of Local Inspectorates.

Article 124

Each Local Inspectorate shall be responsible to the People's Council concerned.

Article 125

The Local Inspectorates shall perform the following duties-

(a) reporting to the People's Council concerned on the activities carried out during the interval between the meetings of the People's Council;

(b) implementing tasks and submitting reports under the guidance of the People's Council concerned and of the organs at higher level.

Article 126

The term of office of the Local Inspectorates is the same as that of the People's Councils at different levels. On expiry of the People's Council, the Local Inspectorate shall continue to perform, its duties and functions until a new Local Inspectorate has been elected.

Article 127

The Council of People's Inspectors may, with the approval of the Council of State, form as necessary, Bodies of Accounts Services at different levels and shall also appoint the required accounts officers in accordance with law.

Article 128

The Central Accounts Office shall be responsible to the Council of People's Inspectors and accounts offices at different levels shall be responsible to the Inspectorates concerned and to the accounts offices at the higher level and shall submit to their supervision and inspection.

CHAPTER X

PEOPLE'S COUNCILS

Article 129

The People's Councils at different levels shall be formed in accordance with this Constitution and electoral laws with people's representatives elected directly by secret ballot by citizens having the right to vote in the area concerned.

Article 130

The number of people's representatives constituting the People's Councils at different levels as well as the Organs of the People's Council shall be prescribed by law.

Article 131

The term of office of the People's Councils at different levels shall be the same as the regular term of office of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Article 132

The People's Councils at different levels are Local Organs of State Power and they shall implement the following tasks within the framework of law:-

(a) economic and social affairs and public administration;

(b) administration of justice;

(c) local security, defence, maintenance of rule of law and order;

(d) solidarity of the national races and preservation, protection and promotion of their traditional cultures;

(e) Protection of the rights of the people in the area concerned and organising and urging them to perform their duties efficiently;

(f) formulation of economic plans and their implementation;

(g) preparation of annual budgets and their co-ordination;

(h) construction, settlement and rural and urban development works;

(i) communications;

(j) directing, supervising and co-ordinating Local Organs of State Power and Bodies of Public Services relating to them;

(k) providing leadership to the people and keeping in close contact with them to obtain their active participation in works of public interest;

(l) preservation, protection and development of natural environment;

(m) co-ordinating the affairs of Local Bodies of Public Services;

(n) Performing such other necessary works of public interest as may be prescribed by law.

Article 133

(a) The People's Councils at different levels shall hold meetings as prescribed by law.

(b) The Members of the Panel of Chairmen shall be elected from among the members of the People's Councils to preside over the regular meetings of the People's Councils at different levels.

(c) The Members of the Panel of Chairmen shall preside over the meetings by rotation.

(d) A member of a People's Council who is also a member of the Executive Committee, the Judges' Committee or the Inspectorate of such People's Council shall not be a member of the Panel of Chairmen of such Council. Should a member of the Panel of Chairmen be elected to the Executive Committee, the Judges' Committee or the Inspectorate he shall resign from the Panel of Chairmen.

(e) The Panel of Chairmen shall continue to perform its duties till the next regular session of the People's Council is convened and a new Panel of Chairmen has been elected therefor.

(f) The Executive Committee of a People's Council shall convene a meeting of the Council if 34 per cent of all the members of the Council so requisition. If the Executive Committee fails to convene the meeting within 30 days from the date of such a requisition, the Panel of Chairmen shall, as soon as possible, convene the meeting.

Article 134

The State People's Council, Divisional People's Council- and Township People's Council shall form People's Council Affairs Committees with members of the People's Council concerned.

Article 135

An Executive Committee shall be elected from among its members by each of the People's Councils at different levels, to implement the tasks decided upon by the People's Council. The members of the Executive Committee shall elect a chairman and a secretary from among themselves. The chairman and the secretary so elected shall concurrently be the Chairman and the Secretary of the People's Council concerned.

Article 136

The Chairman of each of the People's Councils shall concurrently be the Chairman of the State, Division, Township, Ward or Village-tract concerned.

Article 137

The Executive Committee of each of the People's Councils at different levels shall be responsible to the People's Council concerned.

Article 138

The Executive Committees of the People's Councils at different levels shall perform the following duties-

(a) convening meetings of the People's Council in consultation with the Panel of Chairmen;

(b) promulgation and implementation of decisions, orders and directives of the People's Councils;

(c) implementation of the tasks laid down by the Council of Ministers as well as by the People's Councils concerned;

(d) maintaining intercommunications between the Executive Committees at different levels and co-ordinating their activities; directing and supervising of the Executive Committee at the lower level by the one at the higher level;

(e) directing, supervising and co-ordinating the work of Local Bodies of Public Services, co-ordinating the affairs of Public Services;

(f) submitting to the People's Council concerned, reports on the activities carried out during the interval between meetings of the People's Council;

(g) the temporary suspension from duty or attendance of any session of any member of the People's Council against whom action for high treason may be called for, provided that approval therefor shall be obtained from the nearest session of the People's Council.

Article 139

The term of office of the Executive Committees of the People's Councils at different levels is the same as that of the People's Councils. On the expiry of the term of the People's Council, the Executive Committee shall continue to perform its duties and functions till a new Executive Committee has been elected.

Article 140

(a) If need should arise to arrest any member of a People's Council in session, reliable evidence in support of such need shall be produced before the Panel of Chairmen of the People's Council. No arrest shall be made without the prior approval of the Panel of Chairmen of the People's Council concerned.

(b) If need should arise to arrest any member of an organ People's Council, while such organ is in session, reliable evidence in support of such need shall be produced before the Executive Committee concerned. No arrest shall be made without the prior approval of the Executive Committee.

(c) If any member of a People's Council is arrested while the People's Council or any of its organs is not in session, reliable evidence in support of such arrest shall be produced before the Executive Committee as soon as possible.

Article 14I

All deliberations and actions at the meetings of a People's Council and of any of its organs are absolutely privileged. No member shall be liable or punishable therefor except under the laws, rules and bye-laws of the People's Council.

Article 142

Members of the People's Councils shall maintain contacts with their electorate and shall report back on their activities and keep them informed from time to time on questions of policy.Article 143

Members of the People's Councils shall seek, and submit, the wishes, opinions and proposals of the people to the People's Council concerned and work for their realisation.

Article 144

The People's Councils may report on local matters of importance and submit advice for the benefit of the public, from the lower to the higher levels of the People's Councils, up to the Council of State.

CHAPTER XI

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AN DUTIES OF CITIZENS

Article 145

(a) All persons born of parents both of whom are nationals or the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma are citizens of the Union.

(b) Persons who are vested with citizenship according to existing laws on the date this Constitution comes into force are also citizens.

Article 146

Citizenship, naturalisation and revocation of citizenship shall be as prescribed by law.

Article 147

All citizens are equal be before the law irrespective of race status official position wealth, culture birth religion or sex.

Article 148

Every citizen shall have the right to-

(a) enjoy the benefits derived from his labour in proportion to is contribution in manual or mental labour and diligence;

(b) freely undertake any vocation permitted by the State within the framework of the Socialist economy;

(c) settle a reside in any place within the State according to the law.

Article 149

Every citizen in sickness shall have the right t to medical treatment as arranged by the State.

Article 150

Every working citizen has the right to-

(a) rest and recreation,

(b) fixed working hours and leave as prescribed by law.

Article 151

(a) Every working citizen shall e enjoy benefits as prescribed by law for injury due to occupational accidents or when disabled or sick or old.

(b) Heirs to any working citizen shall e enjoy benefits as prescribed by law on his death.

Article 152

(a) Every citizen shall have the right to education.

(b) Burmese is the common language Languages of the other national races may also be taught.

(c) Every citizen shall be given bask education which the State prescribes by law as compulsory.

Article 153

(a) Every citizen shall have the right to freely conduct scientific research, work with creativity and initiative to develop the arts, literature and other branches of culture.

(b) Every citizen shall have the right to freely use one's language and literature follow one's customs, culture and traditions and profess the religion of his choice The exercise of this right shall not, however, be to the detriment of national solidarity and the socialist social order which are the basic requirements of the entire Union Any particular action in this respect which might adversely affect the interests of one or several other national races shall be taken only after consulting with and obtaining the consent of those affected.

(c) Notwithstanding the rights enjoyed under Clauses (a) and (b) acts which undermine the unity and solidarity of the national races, national security or the socialist social order arc prohibited. Persons who violate this prohibition shall be punished according to law.

Article 154

(a) Women shall enjoy equal political, economic, social and cultural rights as men.

(b) Mothers, children and expectant mothers shall enjoy those rights prescribed by law.

(c) Children born of citizens shall enjoy equal rights.(d) Women shall enjoy freedoms and rights guaranteed by law as regards marriage, divorce, partition of property, succession and custody of their children.

Article 155

Every citizen shall have the right-

(a) subject to the provisions of this Constitution, to elect and be elected to the Pyithu Hluttaw and the People's Councils at different levels;

(b) to submit in accordance with law a list of candidates for election as people's representatives to the Pyithu Hluttaw and the People's Councils at different levels;

(c) to recall in accordance with law people's representatives elected to the Pyithu Hluttaw and the People's Councils at different levels.

Article 156

(a) Every citizen shall have the right to freedom of thought, and of conscience, and to freely profess any religion.

(b) Notwithstanding the rights and freedoms granted under Clause (a), the State may enact laws in the interests either of the working people or of law and order.

(c) Religion and religious organisations shall not be used for political purposes. Laws shall be enacted to this effect.

Article 157

Every citizen shall have freedom of speech, expression and publication to the extent that the enjoyment of such freedom is not contrary to the interests of the working people and of socialism.

Article 158

Every citizen shall have the right freely to take part in political, social, class and mass organisations permitted by law and to enjoy freedom of association, assembly and procession. The State shall provide necessary assistance to the people to enable them to enjoy fully these rights and freedoms.

Article 159

(a) Personal freedom and security of every citizen shall be guaranteed.

(b) No citizen shall be placed in custody for more than 24 hours without the sanction of a competent judicial organ.

(c) The State shall be responsible for the protection, in accordance with law, of citizens of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma who are abroad.

Article 160

The privacy and security of the home, property, correspondence and other communications of citizens shall be protected by law subject to the provisions of this Constitution.

Article 161

Every citizen's income, savings, property and residential buildings lawfully earned and acquired by his diligence and manual and mental contribution, instruments of production permitted to be owned within the framework of the socialist economic system, and other lawful possessions shall be protected by law.

Article 162

The right of every citizen to inheritance shall be recognised by law.

Article 163

(a) Every citizen shall fully e enjoy the rights provided by this Constitution.

(b) Laws shall be enacted to ensure the most expeditious and effective protection of the rights of citizens and prevent their violation.

Article 164

(a) Every citizen shall have the right to lodge complaints concerning their grievances to the competent organ of State power.

(b) The organ of State power shall investigate the complaints expeditiously and take such action as in be necessary.

Article 165

The right to sue for compensation any member of an organ of State power or any of the organs of State power or any public servant or any body of Public Services for abuse of authority entrusted by the people in violation of the rights or interests of any citizen shall be guaranteed and prescribed by law.

Article 166

Every citizen shall be under a duty in the exercise of his rights and freedom to abstain from undermining any of the following-

(a) the sovereignty and security of the State;

(b) the essence of the socialist system prescribed by this Constitution;

(c) the unity and solidarity of the national races;

(d) public peace and tranquillity;

(e) public morality.

Article 167

(a) Laws may be enacted imposing necessary restriction on the rights and freedoms of citizens to prevent in infringements of the sovereignty and security of the State the essence of the socialist system prescribed by this Cons the unity and solidarity of the national races public pence and tranquillity or public morality.

(b) Such a preventive e law shall provide that the restrictive order shall only be made collectively by a body and that the order shall be regularly reviewed and modified as necessary and that e a aggrieved person shall have the right of appeal to a higher organ.

Article 168

Every citizen shall be under a duty to abide by the provisions of this Constitution as well as the laws work discipline and local rules made for the building of a socialist society and discharge efficiently such duties as may be assigned to him by the State.

Article 169

Every citizen shall be under a duty to protect nationalised property co-operative owned property and public property and strive to the best of his ability for socialist capital accumulation for strengthening the defensive capacity of the State and enhancing the standards of living of the people.

Article 170

Every citizen shall be under a duty to protect and safeguard the independence sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma. This is a noble duty.

Article 171

Every citizen shall in accordance with law-

(a) undergo military training, and

(b) undertake military service for the defence of the State.

Article I72

Every citizen shall be under a duty to pay taxes and duties as prescribed by law.

CHAPTER XII

ELECTORAL SYSTEM

Article 173

The basic aims of the electoral system are as follows-

(a) to elect people's representatives who will truly represent the working people;

(b) to secure a broad participation of citizens in the electoral process;

(c) to elect Organs of the Pyithu Hluttaw and of the People's Councils at different levels that will truly represent the working people.

Article 174

(a) Citizens shall directly elect people's representatives by secret ballot.

(b) Every citizen who has attained the age of eighteen years shall have the right to vote.

(c) All citizens who have the right to vote shall enjoy equal voting rights.

Article 175

Constituencies for the election of people's representatives to the Pyithu Hluttaw and the People's Councils at different levels shall be formed as follows-

(a) constituency for Ward or Village-tract People's Council;

(b) constituency for Township People's Council;

(c) constituency for State or Divisional People's Council;

(d) constituency for the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Article 176

(a) Constituencies for the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be delimited on township basis.

(b) Each township shall elect one representative to the Pyithu Hluttaw.

(c) Townships with large populations shall, in addition to the right granted under Clause (b), elect representatives in proportion to population as prescribed by electoral law.

(d) Additional members of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall, by law, be allotted to States or Divisions having less than 10 townships and less than 10 lakhs in population.

Article 177

Persons having the right to vote and possessing the following qualifications are eligible to stand for election as people's representatives to the Pyithu Hluttaw and to the People's Councils at different levels-

(a) being a citizen born of parents both of whom are also citizens;

(b) having attained the age of 20 years to stand for election to Ward, Village-tract and Township People's Councils;

(c) having attained the age of 24 years to stand for election to State and Divisional People's Councils;

(d) having attained the age of 28 years to stand for election to the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Article 178

The following persons shall not have the right to vote or to stand for election-

(a) members of religious orders, and

(b) persons disqualified by electoral law.

Article 179

The Burma Socialist Programme Party, in consultation with mass and class organisations formed under its leadership and with the electorate of the constituency concerned, and respecting their wishes, shall submit

lists of candidates for election as people's representatives to the Pyithu Hluttaw and to the People's Councils at different levels.

Article 180

A candidate for election as a people's representative-

(a) shall stand for election to the Pyithu Hluttaw to the People's Council at one level only and

(b) from only one constituency.

Article 181

(a) The elections of people's representatives to the Pyithu Hluttaw and the People's Councils at different levels shall be valid only if more than half of all the persons from the respective constituencies having the right to vote have cast their votes.

(b) A candidate for election as a people's representative shall be duly elected only if he obtains more than half of the votes cast in an election found valid under Clause (a) above.

Article 182

(a) The Pyithu Hluttaw shall form an Election Commission six months before the expiry of the terms of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the People's Councils for the purpose of electing a new Pyithu Hluttaw and new People's Councils at different levels.

(b) The Council of State shall submit to the Pyithu Hluttaw, a list of names of citizens who are qualified by law, other than members of the Council of State and of the Council of Ministers, from among whom the Election Commission may be formed.

(c) The Pyithu Hluttaw which decides to dissolve itself under Article 62, shall form, in accordance with Clause (b), an Election Commission for the election of a new Pyithu Hluttaw.

(d) Elections for the Pyithu Hluttaw and the People's Councils at different levels shall be held as prescribed by law, prior to the expiry of the terms of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the respective People's Councils.

(e) Sessions of the new Pyithu Hluttaw and of the new People's Councils at different levels shall be converted with the newly elected people's representatives on the date of expiry of the term of the old Pyithu Hluttaw and the old People's Councils.

Article 183

(a) If the Pyithu Hluttaw or any People's Council is dissolved before the expiry of its term elections shall be held as prescribed by law and sessions of the Pyithu Hluttaw or of the People's Council concerned shall be convened.

(b) If any State, Divisional or Township People's Council is dissolved, the Council of State shall form with suitable citizens, an Executive Committee, a Committee of Judges and a Local Inspectorate and temporarily assign duties to them pending the election of the respective new People's Council.

(c) If a Ward or Village-tract People's Council is dissolved, the Council of State shall form with suitable citizens, an Executive Committee and a Committee of Judges and temporarily assign duties to them pending the election of the respective new People's Council.

Article 184

Expenses incurred in the elections of people's representatives to the Pyithu Hluttaw and to the People's Councils at different levels shall be met out of State funds.

Article 185

(a) If the situation is not yet ripe for the election of any State, Divisional or Township People's Council, the Council of State shall form, with suitable citizens, an Executive Committee, a Committee of Judges and a Local Inspectorate and temporarily assign duties to them for the purpose of performing the functions of the People's Council concerned.

(b) If the situation is not yet ripe for the election of any Ward or Village-tract People's Council, the Council of State shall form with suitable citizens, an Executive Committee and a Committee of Judges and temporarily assign duties to them for the purpose of performing the functions of the People's Council concerned.

Article 186

The Pyithu Hluttaw shall enact such laws as may be necessary in connection with the election of people's representatives.

CHAPTER XIII

RECALL, RESIGNATION AND REPLACEMENT

Article 187

Any organ of State or the people who have elected and assigned duties to a people's representative or an organ wishing to recall such representative or organ for any of the following reasons, shall have the right to do so in accordance with law-

(a) violation of any provision of the Constitution;

(b) inefficient discharge of duties or

(c) misbehaviour.

Article 188

Any people's representative who has been elected, or any representative who has been assigned duties in any organ of the Pyithu Hluttaw or of any People's Council, may submit his resignation to the respective organ in accordance with law.

Article 189

A vacancy arising for any reason in the Pyithu Hluttaw or in any People's Council at any level or in an organ of the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Council concerned shall be filled by election in accordance with law.

CHAPTER XIV

STATE FLAG, STATE SEAL, NATIONAL ANTHEM, AND STATE CAPITAL

Article 190

The State Flag shall be as shown below:- [Image pending].

[ The flag has a red background with a blue rectangle top left containing 14 white stars surrounding a white wheel with 15 outward-pointing cogs, at the centre of which is a yellow rice stalk - unofficial description]

Article 191

State Seal shall he as shown below: [image pending]

Article 192

The Pyithu Hluttaw shall prescribe the National Anthem Until a new National Anthem is prescribed the present National Anthem shall be used.

Article 193

The capital of the Republic is Rangoon.

Article 194

(a) The Preamble of this Constitution Articles I and 4 of Chapter I Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, II, I2, I4, I8 and 2I of Chapter II Articles 28, 29 and 32 of Chapter III Articles 4I, 44 and 46 of Chapter IV and Article I94 of Chapter XV shall be amended with the prior approval of 75 per cent of all the members of the Pyithu Hluttaw in a nation-wide referendum only with a majority vote of more than half of those who have the right to vote.

(b) Provisions other than those mentioned in Clause (a) shall be amended only with a majority vote of 75 per cent of all the members of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

(c) Members of the Pyithu Hluttaw may submit to the Pyithu Hluttaw motions for amending this Constitution.

(d) If a People's Council wishes to submit a motion for amending this Constitution such a motion shall be submitted stage by stage from the lower to the higher levels and finally to the Pyithu Hluttaw.

CHAPTER XVI

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 195

This Constitution shall come into force throughout the Union after its adoption in a nation-wide referendum by more than half of all the people who have the right to vote.

Article 196

The Revolutionary Council of the Union of Burma shall, continuing to exercise State sovereignty, carry out during the interval between the coming into force of this Constitution and the day the first session of the Pyithu Hluttaw is convened, all the functions of the Pyithu Hluttaw under the Constitution The work done by the Revolutionary Council to bring the Constitution into force shall be deemed to have been carried out In accordance with this Constitution.

Article 197

Interpretation of the preamble, articles, clauses, words and expressions contained in this Constitution shall be based only on the Burmese text.

Article 198

Burmese shall be used as the official language for the purpose of uniformity and clarity in communications between the higher and lower level organs of the State and between such organs at the same level. If necessary the language of the national race concerned may be used.

Article 199

All policy guidelines, laws, rules, regulations, notifications proclamations, measures, responsibilities and rights of the

Revolutionary Council of the Union of Burma shall devolve on the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma.

Article 200

(a) In interpreting the expressions contained in this Constitution, reference shall be made to the Interpretation Law promulgated by the Revolutionary Council of the Union of Burma.

(b) Amendments to and further interpretation of expressions contained in the Law mentioned in Clause (a), shall only be made by the Pyithu Hluttaw.

(c) The validity of the acts of the Council of State, or of the Central or Local Organs of State Power under this Constitution shall only be determined by the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Article 201

The Pyithu Hluttaw may publish interpretations of this Constitution from time to time as may be necessary.

Article 202

(a) This Constitution is the basic law of all laws of the State.

(b) Existing laws and rules shall remain in force in so far as they are not contrary to this Constitution until and unless they are repealed or amended by the Pyithu Hluttaw.

(c) Existing regulations, bye-laws, notifications, orders, directives and procedures shall remain in force in so far as they are not contrary to this Constitution until and unless they are repealed or amended by the Council of State.

(d) Existing laws and rules shall be repealed or amended by the Pyithu Hluttaw to bring them into consonance with this Constitution.

(e) Existing regulations, bye-laws, notifications, orders, directives and procedures shall be repealed or amended by the Council of State to bring them into consonance with this Constitution.

(f) Existing laws, rules, regulations, bye-laws, notifications, orders, directives, and procedures shall, pending their repeal or amendment, be interpreted and acted upon by the Central and Local- Organs of State Power in the spirit of this Constitution.

(g) The Bodies of Public Services shall perform their duties in the spirit of this Constitution.

(h) All functioning organs and all public servants and workers serving under the Revolutionary Council of the Union of Burma on the day this Constitution comes into force shall continue in their functions unless otherwise prescribed by the Council of State.

Article 203

(a) The Council of State and the Central Organs of State Power may, subject to this Constitution and to laws, rules and resolutions passed by the Pyithu Hluttaw, promulgate such regulations, bye-laws, orders, directives and procedures as may be necessary.

(b) The Local Organs of State Power may, subject to this Constitution and to laws, rules and resolutions passed by the Pyithu Hluttaw and to regulations, bye-laws, orders, directives and procedures promulgated by the respective Central Organs of State Power, promulgate such orders, directives and procedures for the respective local areas as may be necessary.

Article 204

(a) Members of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Council of State, the Council of People's Justices, the Council of People's Attorneys and the Council of People's Inspectors shall have the right to submit to the Pyithu Hluttaw draft legislation on matters other than those mentioned in Article 89.

(b) The Council of Ministers shall have the right to submit to the Pyithu Hluttaw draft legislation on matters mentioned in Article 89 as well as on other matters.

(c) The People's Councils at different levels may submit draft legislation on matters other than those mentioned in Article 89, stage by stage from the lower to the higher levels of the People's Councils and finally to the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Article 205

The Burma Socialist Programme Party, mass and class organisations formed under its leadership, and the working people may submit suggestions and advice to the organs of State power at different levels, on legal matters, economic planning, the annual budget and other matters.

Article 206

(a) Members of tile Council of State, and of the Council of Ministers shall not serve on any other Organ of State Power other than the organ to which they belong, except in cases provided for in Clause (b) of Article 54 and in Clause (c) of Article 64.

(b) Members of the Council of People's Justices, of the Council of People's Attorneys and of the Council of People's Inspectors shall not serve on any Organ of State Power other than the organ to which they belong or on any other Organ of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

(c) Members of the Executive Committee and of tile Inspectorates of the People's Councils at the State, Divisional and Township levels shall not serve on any Local Organ of State Power other than the organ to which they belong or on any Affairs Committee.

(d) Members of the Committee of Judges of the People's Councils at different levels shall not serve on any Local Organ of State Power other than the organ to which they belong. They may, however, serve on the Affairs Committees of the People's Council concerned.

Article 207

The number of people's representatives which shall constitute the quorum at meetings of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the People's Councils at different levels shall be 75 per cent of all the people's representatives.

Article 208

The Council of State or an Affairs Committee of the Pyithu Hluttaw may invite any Central Organ of State Power to attend and answer questions, and such organ shall be under a duty to respond.

Article 209

(a) Should the Pyithu Hluttaw or any People's Council at any level be dissolved before the expiry of its regular term, the term of office of the newly elected Pyithu Hluttaw or People's Council shall be for the remaining period of the term of the dissolved Pyithu Hluttaw or People's Council.

(b) Should any People's Council be formed after the formation of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the term of such People's Council shall be the same as the regular term of the Pyithu Hluttaw.

End of Document

THE CONSTITUTIONOF

THE UNION OF BURMA( 1947 ckESpf )

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THE CONSTITUTION

OF

THE UNION OF BURMA

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2// zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'wGif jyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvkyfcJhonfh jzpfpOftusOf;csKyf 833// 1949 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrftrwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m)tul;tajymif;

umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h (1949 ck/ ZGefv 18 &uf)87

4// 1950 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrftrwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m)tul;tajymif; 91

umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h (1950 ck/ azaz:0g&Dv 22 &uf)5// 1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m)tul;t

ajymif;umv 'kwd,jyXmef;csuftrdef h ¡1951 ckESpf/ trdef htrSwf 1// ¢95

6// 1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m)tul;tajymif;umv 'kwd, jyXmef;csuftrdef h ¡1951 ckESpf/ trdef htrSwf 2// ¢

99

7// 1951 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (jyifqifcsuf) tufOya' ¡1951 ckESpf/ tufOya'trSwf 62// ¢ 1038// 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (jyifqifcsuf) tufOya' ¡1959 ckESpf/ tufOya'trSwf 4// ¢ 1119// 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ('kwd,jyifqifcsuf) tufOya' ¡1959 ckESpf/ tufOya'trSwf

10//¢113

10// 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' jyifqifcsuf tufOya' ¡1961 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf3// ¢ 11511// 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ('kwd,) jyifqifcsuf tufOya' ¡1961 ckESpf/ tufOya'

trSwf7/¢117

12// 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (wwd,jyifqifcsuf) tufOya' ¡1961 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf 17// ¢

122

13// 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (pwkwjyifqifcsuf) tufOya' ¡1961 ckESpf/ tufOya'trSwf20// ¢

131

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.

zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'

Oya'ed'gef;//Oya'ed'gef;//

e,fpyfa'orsm;ESifh u&ifeDe,frsm;tygt0if jrefrmEdkifiHawmf.EdkifiHom;rsm;jzpf-uaomu|Ekfyfwdk honf/ tcsKyftjcmtm%mydkif vGyfvyfaomjrefrmEdkifiHudktcdkiftcHtnDtnGwfwnfaxmif&efoEdNÏmefcsI‚if;// //w&m;r#wjcif;/ vGyfvyfjcif;/ nDr#jcif;wnf;[laom avmuygv w&m;rsm;udktajcðyum/ vlowW0gcyfodrf;wdk h._ idrf;csrf;om,ma&;udk cdkif_ rJwnfwHhatmifxdef;odrf;&ef oEdNÏmefcsI‚if;// // vlr+qufqHa&;w&m;r#wr+/ pD;yGg;a&;w&m;r#wr+/ EdkifiHa&;w&m;r#wr+/ vGyfvyfpGmawG;}uHEdkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmzGifh[a&;om;az:jyEdkifr+/vGyfvyfpGm,Hk-unfEdkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmudk;uG,fEdkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmbk&m;ausmif;uefponfwdk hodk h oGm;vm0wfðyEdkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmy&da,oe&SmrSD;Edkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmpnf;&Hk;Edkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmðyr+aqmif&GufEdkifr+/ tqifhtwef;nDr#r+/ ttcGifhtvrf;nDr#r+/ w&m;Oya't&mwGifnDr#r+wdk hudk EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;&&SdcHpm;Edkifapjcif;iSm tcdkiftrm cH0efðy&efoEdNÏmefcsI‚if;/ jrefrmouU&mZf 1903 ckESpf/ oDwif;u|wfvqef; 10 &ufae h ( c&pfawmf ouU&Zf 1947 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv ESpfq,fhav;&ufae h ) wGif/ TzGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'udk u|Efkyf

wdk h. wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfY u|Efkyfwdk honfvufcHI/ Oya'tjzpftwnfðy_ yD;v#if/ u|Efkyfwdk htm; ESif;tyfvdkufonf//

tcef; 1//tcef; 1//

EdkifiHzGJ hpnf;yHk//

1// // jrefrmEdkifiHonf tcsKyftcsmtm%mydkiforRwEdkifiHjzpfonf// xdkEdkifiHudkjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH[kac:&rnf//

· 2// // (u) ,cifujrefrmjynfbk&ifcHrSwqifh/ _ Adwdo#bk&ifrif;jrwf pD&iftkyfcsKyfawmfr+cJhaom e,fajrtm;vHk;ESifh (c) u&ifeDe,frsm;yg0if-uonfh jrefrmwpfEdkifiHvHk;onf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGifyg0if&rnf //

3// // jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. tcsKyftcsmtm%monf EdkifiHom;wdk hYwnfonf//

4// // Oya'ðyr+tm%m/ tkyfcsKyfr+tm%m/ w&m;pD&ifr+tm%mtm;vHk;udk EdkifiHom;wdk hxHrScH,lI/ TzGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya't&/ wnfaxmifcef htyfaomjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. odk hwnf;r[kwfjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifrsm;. vkyfief;tzGJ hrsm;ESifht&m&dSrsm;uaomf‚if;/ xdktzGJ hrsm;ESifht&m&Sdrsm;. tcGifhtm%mt&aomf‚if;/ EdkifiHom;wdk h.udk,fpm;/ oHk;pGJEdkif&rnf//

· 5// // ya'o&mZf&Srf;jynfe,fpk[lI ,cifuac:wGifcJhaome,fajrrsm;ESifh 0e,frsm;onf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwpfcktjzpfjzifh yg0if&rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudk TrSaemiftzdk hwGif “&Srf;jynfe,f”[kac:&rnf//

· 6// // jrpf}uD;em;ESifhAef;armfc&dkifrsm;[lI ,cifuac:wGifcJhaome,fajrrsm;udk jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwpfcktjzpf/ zGJ hpnf;&rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudk TrSaemiftzdk hwGif“ucsifjynfe,f” [kac:&rnf//··7// // uEW&0wD/ abmvcJESifh-u,fzdk;}uD;wdk hyg0ifonfhu&ifeDe,frsm;[k ,cifuac:wGifcJ haom e,fajrrsm;udk/jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwpfcktjzpf zGJ hpnf;&rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudkTrSaemiftzdk hwGif “u&ifeDjynfe,f[kac:&rnf//··8// // yk'ffr 180 &SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH&Sdusefe,fajr tm;vHk;ESifhoufqdkifaom Oya'ðyr+tm%m/ tkyfcsKyfr+tm%m/ w&m;pD&ifr+tm%mtm;vHk;udk/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.vkyfief;tzGJ hrsm;ESifh t&m&Sdrsm;uomv#ifaom‚if;/ xdktzGJ hrsm;ESifht&m&Sdrsm;. tcGifhtm%m&aom‚if;/ oHk;pGJEdkif&rnf//

· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “ 10 ”·· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “ 7 ”

tcef; 2//tcef; 2//rlvtcGifhta&rsm;//

“EdkifiHawmf” [laom“EdkifiHawmf” [laomppum;.t"dyg,f&Sif;vif;csuf//um;.t"dyg,f&Sif;vif;csuf//

9// // Ttcef;ESifh tcef; 3/ tcef; 4/ wdk hwGif “EdkifiHawmf”[laompum;.qdkvdk&if;rSma&S haemufpum;wdk h. t"dyg,fudkaxmufI jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH./ odk hwnf;r[kwf oufqdkif&mjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0if. tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%mudkaom‚if;/ Oya'ðyr+tcGifhtm%mudkaom‚if;/ qdkvdkonf//

EdkifiHom;jzpfr+//EdkifiHom;jzpfr+//

10// // jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwpf0ef;vHk;wGifEdkifiHom;[lI wpfrsdK;wnf;om&Sd&rnf// qdkvdk&if;rSm jynfaxifpktzGJ h0ifrsm;. EdkifiHom;[lI toD;tjcm;r&Sd&/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHom;[lIom&Sd&rnf//

11// // (u) jrefrmEdkifiHwdkif;&if;om;wpfrsdK;rsdK;wGifjzpfaom odk hwnf;r[kwf jzpfcJ haom rdbESpfyg;rSarG;zGg;ol wdkif;onf‚if;/ (c) jrefrmEdkifiHwdkif;&if;om;wpfrsdK;rsdK;wGifjzpfaom odk hwnf;r[kwfjzpfcJhaombdk;bGm;rsm;teuf t enf;qHk;wpfOD;rSjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHwGifyg0ifvwWH haom tm%mydkifeuftwGif;YarG;zGg;olwdkif;onf ‚if;/

(*) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.EdkifiHom;jzpfaomodk hwnf;r[kwf TtajccHOya'pwiftwnfðyonfhae h wGif touf&Sifaeonfjzpfygu wdkif;&if;om;tjzpfudk&,lcGifh&SdaomrdbESpfyg;rS jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH wGif yg0ifvwWH haom tm%mydkifeuftwGif;YarG;zGg;olwdkif;onf‚if;/ (C) _ Adwdo#bk&ifrif;jrwf. tm%mjyef h&me,fajrwpfckckwGif arG;zGm;cJhonfjzpfI/ TtajccHOya' pwiftm%mwnfonfhae hrStxuf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf 1942 ck/ ZEMm0g&Dv 1 &ufae hrStjcm;rJh aom q,fESpftwGif; &SpfESpfatmufr,kwfaomumvtzdk h jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHwGif yg0ifvwWH h aom tm%mydkifeuftwGif;aexdkifcJhbl;_ yD;v#if/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;wGifxm0pOfaexdkif&ef }uH&G,fcJhonfjzpfI/ xdk hjyifw&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwfaom tcsdeftwGif;wGif xdk hodk howfrSwf aomenf;vrf;ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHom;tjzpf &G;cs,fjcif;udkxkwfaz:olwdkif;onf‚if;// jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. EdkifiHom;jzpf&rnf//

12// // EdkifiHom;jzpfjcif;oabm/ EdkifiHjcm;om;jzpfjcif;oabmwdk hESifhpyfvsOf;Iavsmfuefoifhjrwfonf[kxifjrifonfhtwdkif; w&m;Oya'rsm;udkðyEddkifaomygvDref,tm%monf/ yk'fr 11 &SdjyXmef;csufa-umifh,kwfavsmhjcif;rjzpf&/ xdk hhjyifxdkuJhodk haom w&m;Oya'wpfckckonf/ yk'fr 11 wGifryg0ifao;aom vltrsdK;tpm;rsm;udk EdkifiHom;tjzpfjzpfvufcH&efaomf‚if;/ jyXmef;Edkifonf//

nDr#r+tcGifhta&;rsm;nDr#r+tcGifhta&;rsm; //

13// // Zmwdra&G;/ udk;uG,f&mbmomra&G;/ a,usFm;rdef;r ra&G;/ vlrsdK;ra&G; EdkifiHom;[lor#onf/EdkifiHawmfw&m;Oya't&mwGif tnDtr#omjzpfonf// qdkvdk&if;rSm EdkifiHom;wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;udkodk hwnf;r[kwf EdkifiHom;vlwef;pm;wpm;ESifhwpm;udk wzufowfoabmtwdkif;cGJjcm;jcif;rðy&//

14// // jynfol h0efxrf;qdkif&m &mxl;wdk hY‚if;/ tvkyfvkyfudkifr+/ ukefoG,fa&mif;0,fr+/ pD;yGg;&Smr+/twwfynmESifhtoufarG;r+wdk hY‚if;/ EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;onf/ nDr#aomtcGifhtvrf;tm;vHk;udk&&Sd&rnf//

15// // rdefrrsm;onf wlnDaomtvkyftwGuf a,usFm;wdk h&aomvcrsdK;udk&Edkif&rnf//

vGyfvyfr+tcGifhta&;rsm; //vGyfvyfr+tcGifhta&;rsm; //

16// // w&m;Oya't&r[kwfv#if/ rnfonfhEdkifiHom;r# rdrd.vGyfvyfcGiffff hudk&kyfodrf;jcif;rcHap&// rdrd.aetdrftwGif;odk ht0ifcH&jcif;/ ypPnf;todrf;cH&jcif;r&Sdap&//

17// // w&m;Oya'ESifh‚if;/ _ idrf0yfydjym;a&;ESifh‚if;/ jynfol hudk,fusifhw&m;ESifh‚if;rqef husifv#if/ EdkifiHom;rsm;onf atmufyg tcGifhta&;rsm;udkvGyfvypGmoHk;pGJEdkif&rnf// (u) rdrdwdk h.,Hk-unfcsuf/ xifjrifcsufwdk hudkvGyfvyfpGmxkwaz:ajymqdkEdkifaomtcGifhta&;//

(c) vufeufrygbJ_ idrf;csrf;pGmpka0;EdkiaomtcGifhta&;//(*) toif;rsm;ESifh toif;tpktzGJ hrsm;udk zGJ hpnf;Edkifaom tcGifhta&; // odk h&mwGif&nf&G,fcsufjzifhaom‚if;/ aqmif&Gufr+jzifhaom‚if; TtajccHOya'udkysufjym;ap&ef}uH&G,faom odk hwnf;r[kwfysufjym;rnfhta-umif;jzpfay:apaomtoif;/ toif;tpktzGJ hESifh tonf;t&Hk;rsdK;udkr+um;wmm;jrpfonf// (C) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;wGif rnfonfhae&mYrqdk aexdkiftajcpdkufEdkifaom/ ypPnf;&,lydkifqdkifEdkifaom/ tvkyfvkyfudkifEdkifaom/ ukefoG,fa&mif;0,fEdkifaom/ twwfynmjzifh toufarG;Edkifaom tcGifhta&;//

18// //jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH w&m;Oya'.pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfcsufudkvdkufemI/ jynfaxmifpk tzGJ h0ifrsm;wGiful;oef;a&mif;0,fjcif;/ ul;vl;qufqHjcif;wdk honfvGyfvyf&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwdk honf _ idrf0yfydjym;a&;twGufaomf‚if;/ jynfoludk,fusifhw&m;twGufaom‚if;/ avsmfuefoifhjrwfaom csKwfcs,fcsufpnf;urf;rsm;udkw&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;Edkifonf//

19// // (u) vlta&mif;t0,fðyjcif;// (c) w&m;Oya't& tjypf'%fay;jcif;udkcH&ojzifh/ tvkyf'g%fudkxrf;aqmifcdkif;jcif;rSwyg;/ EdkifxufpD;eif;cdkif;jcif;ESifh tvdkqeNr&bJ aus;u|efozG,fcdkif;jcif;wdk hudk wm;jrpfonf// &Sif;vif;csuf// // Zmwdtm;jzifhaom‚if;/ vlrsdK;tm;jzifhaom‚if;/ udk;uG,f&mbmomtm;jzifhaom‚if;/ vlwef;pm;tm;jzifhaom‚if;/ cGJjcm;jcif;ðybJ/ jynfol htusdK;iSmrvkyfrae&aom tvkyfrsdK;udkvkyfap&ef EdkifiHawmf.wm0efcsxm;jcif;udkr+um; Tyk'fr r&Sdpum;a-umifh twm;tqD;r&Sdap&//

bmom omoema&;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm;bmom omoema&;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm;·20// // _ idrf0yfydjym;a&;aomf‚if;/ jynfol hudkusifhw&m;ESifhaomf‚if;/ jynfhol husef;rma&;ESifhaomf‚if;/ xdk htjyif

Ttcef;&Sdtjcm;jyXmef;csufwdk hESifh‚if;rqef husifv#ifvlcyfodrf;wdk honfomoema&;wGif vGyfvyfpGm,lqEdkifaomtcGifhta&;/ vGyfvyfpGmudk;uG,faqmufwnfEdkifaomtcGifhta&;wdk hudktnDtr#&&Sd&rnf// &Sif;vif;csuf 1// // bmoma&;qdkif&m udk;uG,fwnfaqmufr+ESifh qufpyfaeapumr+/ xdkodk hqufpyfaeaompD;yGg;a&;/ b¾ma&;/ EdkifiHjcm;a&;ESifhtjcm;avmuDa&;aqmif&Gufr+wdk hudk txufygta&;wGifryg0ifap&// &Sif;vif;csuf 2// // Tyk'frwGifxdkodk hvGyfvyfaom tcGifhta&;rsm;udkay;xm;aomfvnf;/ jynfol htusdK;udpP/ ðyjyifa&;udpPwdk htwGufEdkifiHawmf.w&m;Oya'ðyjcif;udkrwm;jrpf&//··21// // (1) Ak'<bmom omoemawmfonfEdkifiHawmf.EdkifiHom;trsm;qHk; udk;uG,f&mjzpfaom*k%fxl;0daooESifh jynfhpHkonfh bmom}uD;jzpfonf[k jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmfutodtrSwfðyonf// (2) EdkifiHawmfonf tpPvmrfbmom omoem/ c&pf,mefbmomomoem/ [dENLbmomomoemESifh ewfudk;uG,faombmomwdk hudk TtajccHOya'tm%m wnfaomae hYEdkifiHawmfwGif&Sdae-uaom udk;uG,f&mbmomtcsdK h[lItodtrSwfðyonf//

· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “ 13 ”·· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “ 12 ”/ “ 13 ”

(3) EdkifiHawmfonf bmoma&;qdkif&m udk;uG,fr+uddkomf‚if; ,Hk-unfr+udkaomf‚if;ta-umif;ðyI/rnfol hudkr#oufqdkif&mtcGifhta&;csdK hiJhapjcif;/ cGJjcm;jcif;udkrðy&// (4) EdkifiHa&;udpPtvdk hiSm udk;uG,f&mbmomudk tvGJoHk;pm;rðy&/ xdkk hjyif vlrsdK;a&;a-umifhaom‚if;/wzufESifhwzuf w*dk%f;ESifhw*dk%f;rkef;wD;jcif;/ &efr+jcif;/ pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;wdk h ay:aygufvmap&ef &nf&G,faomodk hwnf;r[wf ay:aygufvm&efta-umif;&Sdaom tðytr+onf TtajccHOya'ESifhqef husifonf//xdktðytr+rsdK;twGuf tjypf'%fay;Edkifatmif w&m;Oya'ðyEdkifonf//

,Ofaus;r+ESifhynma&;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm;,Ofaus;r+ESifhynma&;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm;

22// // EddkifiHawmfynmoifausmif;rsm;odk h0ifcGifhðy&efudpPESifhpyfvsOf;I/ udk;uG,f&mbmom/ vlrsdK;/ bmopum;wdk hudk t-umif;ðyum/ rnfonfhvlenf;pkudkr# cGJkjcm;wm;jrpfjcif;rðy&/ rnfonfhudk;uG,f&m bmomoifcef;pmudkr#vnf;/ xdkvlenf;pktm;twif;t-uyfvdkufemoif,lap&efynwfjcif;rðy&//

pD;yGg;a&;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm; //pD;yGg;a&;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm; //

23// // (1)Tykk'fr&Sd jyXmef;csufrSm;ESifhrqef husifbJ/ pD;yGg;a&;udpPrsm;wGif ypPnf;ydkifqdkifcGifhESifhudk,fydkifvkyfudkifwDxGifEdkifcGifhwdk h&Sd&rnf[k EdkifiHawmfutcdkiftrmcH0efðyonf// (2) udk,fydkifypPnf;toHk;csEdkifaom tcGifhta&;udkjynfol htusdK;ysufpD;epfematmif rnfolr#toHk;rðy&//

(3) apsE+ef;rsm;udk csKyfudkif&efaomf‚if;/ ta&mif;t0,fwdk hudkvuf0g;}uD;tkyf&efaomf‚if;/ zGJ hpnf;aom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfEdkifiHawmf.pD;yGg;a&; ysufpD;&mysufpD;a-umif;jzpfaomumw,ftzGJ hrsm;/ qif'DudwftzGJ hrsm;/x&wftzGJ hrsm; tp&Sdaomudk,fydkifvuf0g;}uD;tkyftzJG hrsm;r&SD&// (4) EdkifiHawmfujynfol htusdK;twGufvdktyfygu/ ydkif&Siftm;rnfuJhodk haomudpPrsdK;wGif rnfr#av#mfa-u;ay;&rnf[kjyXmef;xm;aom w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDomv#if/ udk,fydkifypPnf;udkuef howfcsKyfcs,fEdkifonf//odk hwnf;r[kwfodrf;ydkufEdkifonf// (5) wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufygyk'frcGJ&Sd pnf;urf;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifv#if/ jynfol htusdK;twGufvdktyfygu/ EdkifiH.pD;yGg;a&;ESifhoufqdkifaom vkyfief;trsdK;rsdK;udkaomf‚if;/ wOD;wnf;ydkif vkyfief;rsm;udkaomfvnf;aumif;/ EdkifiHawmfonf w&m;Oya'jyXmef;I EdkifiHydkifjyKEdkifonf? odk@wnf;r[kwf EdkifiHawmftwGuf odrf;,lEdkifonf?

24? / jypfr+wckudkjyKonfhtcgu twnfjzpfaeaom w&m;Oya'udk usL;vGefonfhtwGufrSwyg;/ rnfol@udkr#jypfr+xif&Sm;rpD&if&? xdk@jyifjypfr+udkjyKonfhtcgu twnfjzpfaeaomw&m;Oya't&/ ay;Edkifaomtjypf'%fxufydkI}uD;av;aomtjypf'%ftm;vnf; rnfol htm;r#ray;&//

zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya't&umuG,fEdkif / &,lEdkifaomtcGifhta&;rsm;zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya't&umuG,fEdkif / &,lEdkifaomtcGifhta&;rsm;

25// // (1) Ttcef;Yay;tyfxm;aomtcGifhta&;wckwckudk&,l&ef w&m;v$wfawfcsKyftm;/ oufqdkif&menf;jzifhav#mufxm;I / &,lydkifcGifh&Sd&rnf// (2) TudpPESifhpyfvsOf;I tjcm;w&m;&Hk;rsm;tm;ESif;tyfxm;aomt,%mrsm;udkrxdcdkufapbJ/ Ttcef;Yay;tyfxm;aom TtcGifhta&;ESifh oifhav#mfonfha&S hawmfoGif;pmc|efawmftrdef h(Harbeas Corpus)/ tm%may;pmc|efawmftrdef h(Mandamus)/ wm;jrpfomc|efawmftrdef h(Prohibition)tm%mydkifar;pmc|efawmftrdef h(Quo Warranto)/ tr+ac:pmc|efawmftrdef h(Certiorari)/ xdkpmc|efawmftrdef hrsm;.ooabmrsdK; ygaomtrdefrsm;udkxkwf&ef w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfYtm%m&Sd&rnf// (3) ppfjzpfaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ wdkif;wyg;uxdyg;wdkufcdkufvmaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ ykefuefaomtcgYaom‚if;/ qlylxºuGaomtcgYaom‚if;/ txl;ta&;w}uD;jzpfvmaomtcgYaomf‚if;/jynfhol hvHk_ cHKr+twGufvdkttyfonfhudpPrSmrSwyg;/ TumuG,fcGifh/ &,lcGifhrsm;udk&yfqdkif;xm;jcif;rðy&//

26// //EdkifiHjcm;rsm;ESifhqufqH&mwGif/ EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.twGif;/ ty ESpfXmevHk;Y/jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.umuG,fapmifh&Smufr+udkawmif;qdkEdkif&rnf//

27// // wdkif;wyg;uxdyg;wdkufcdkufjcif;/ ykefuefjcif;/ qlylxºuGjcif;/ txl;ta&;w}uD;jzpfjcif;wdk hay:aygufonfh tcgrsm;rSwyg;/ EdkifiHom;wOD;.w&m;pGJqdkydkifcGifh&Sdaom epfemcsuftwGuf/ xdkEdkifiHom;tm;/ w&m;Oya'jzifhpwfrSwfxm;aom umuG,fEdkifcGifh/ &,lEdkifcGifhwdk hudkray;bJrae&//

28// // umuG,fa&;wyfzGJ h0ifrsm;onf odk hwnf;r[kwf_ idrf0yfydjym;a&;twGuf xm;&SdaonmwyfzGJ h0ifrsm;onf rdrdwdk h .wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkausyGefpGmaqmif&GufEdkifapjcif;iSm‚if;/ xdk htjyifpnf;urf;ao0yfr+&Sdapjcif;iSm‚if;/ Ttcef;Yay;tyfxm;aom tcGifhta&;rsm;udk rnfIrnfr#uef howfcsKyfcs,fxm;&rnf[lIodk hwnf;r[kwfrnfIrnfr# zsufodrf;&rnf[lI ygvDrefuw&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;Edkifonf//

29// // ygvDrefonf Ttcef;&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;udk twnfjzpfap&ef/ vdktyfaomOya'rsm;udkðy&rnf//wzefTtcef;wGifjypfr+usL;vGef&ma&mufonf[kaz:jyxm;aomfvnf;/tjypf'%fay;ydkifcGifhr&SdcJhao;aom jypfr+rsm;twGuf tjypf'%fay;&efvnf; Oya'rsm;udkðy&rnf//

tcef; 3 //tcef; 3 //

awmifolv,form;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;rsm;twGufEdkifiHawmf.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm; //

30// // (1) EdkifiHawmfonf ajr,mtm;vHk;. yif&if;ydkif&Sifjzpfonf// (2) TtajccHOya'.jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ ajr,mydkifcGifhpHepfrsm;udkpnf;rsOf;wusjzpfap&efaomf‚if;/ v$Jajymif;&efaomf‚if;/ zsufodrf;&efaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmfYtcGifhta&;&Sd&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfrnfonfhajr,mudkrqdk jyefvnfodrf;,l_ yD;v#if/ xdkajr,mudkpkaygif;pdkufysdK;a&;twGufjzpfap/ or0g,rpdkufysdK;a&;twGufjzpfap/ v,fpD;pm;orm;rsm;twGufjzpfap/ a0iSay;&eftcGifhta&;&Sd&rnf// (3) rnfonfhtajccHpHepfESifhr# ajr,mtajrmuftrsm;ydkifqdkifcGifhr&Sdap&/ wODd;wnf;ydkifjzpfaomajr,m. trsm;qHk;ajr{uta&twGufudk ta-umif;nD!Gwfv#ifnD!Gwfjcif; w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf//

31// // pD;yGg;a&;Yolwyg;udkepfemapI udkusdK;&Smjcif;rSumpD;apa&;twGuf/ rdrdwdk htcsif;csif;aygif;oif;zGJ hpnf;Edkif-uap&ef tvkyform;rsm;tm; EdkifiHawmfonf pD;ygG;a&;qdkif&maqmif&Gufcsufjzifh‚if;ajcm;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;jzifh‚if;ulnDEdkifonf// tvkyform;rsm;tm; pnf;&Hk;ydkifcGifhay;ap&ef‚if; ESpfpOftm;vyf&ufrsm;& cGifh&SdatmifpDrHap&ef‚if;/tvkyfcGif.tajctaeudk aumif;rGefatmifðyap&ef‚if;/ &nf&G,fI/ EdkifiHawmfonf Oya'ðyay;jcif;jzifh/ tvkyf orm;rsm;udkumuG,fapmifh&Smuf&rnf// xdk htjyifta-umif;nD!Gwfv#ifnD!Gwfjcif;/ aecif;xdkifcif;ESifh axmufyHhr+tmrcH pHepfwdk htwGuf pDrHcsufrsm;udktm;ay;jcif;jzifh‚if;/ umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&rnf//

tcef; 4 //tcef; 4 //

EdkifiHawmf.0g'&nf!Gef;csufr+rsm; //

32// // Ttcef;wGif az:jyxm;aomr+rsm;udk EdkifiHawmftwGuf a,bk,svrf;!$efozG,f&nf&G,fonf//EdkifiHawmfonfOya'ðy&mY‚if;/ tkyfcsKyf&mY‚if; xdkr+rsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&eftav;*&kðy&rnf// odk h&mwGifxdk hodk haqmif&Gufap&efrnfonfhw&m;&Hk;wGifr#w&m;pGJqdkydkifcGifhr&Sdap&//

33// // EdkifiHom;wdkif;atmufygtcGifhta&;rsm;udk&&SdcHpm;Edkif&ef EdkifiHawmfonf 0g'xm;&SdI/ xdk0g'twdkif;a&S h&+ haqmif&Guf&rnf// (u) tvkyfvkyfydkifcGifh// (c) tdkrif;rpGrf;jzpfEdkifaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ emzsm;rusef;jzpfaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ tvkyfvkyfjcif;iSmrpGrf;apmifEdkifaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ taxmuftyhH&EdkifaomtcGifhta&;//

(*) tem;,lcGifh/ tm;vyfcGifh&EdkifaomtcGifhta&;// (C) ynmoif-um;EdkifaomtcGifhta&;//txl;tm;jzifhEdkifiHawmfonf tcv$wfroifrae&r+vwef;ynmoif-um;a&;twGufjyXmef;csufrsm;udkðy&rnf/

34// // EdkifiHawmfonf i,f&G,folrsm;udk txl;*&kðyI/ xdkolwdk h.ynmoif-um;a&;udktm;ay;&rnf//

35// // EdkifiHawmfonf tiftm;enf;I wdk;wufr+wGifaemufusaom EdkifiHom;pkrsm;. ynma&;ESifhpDyGg;a&;wdkh udktxl;*&kðyItm;ay;&rnf// xdk hjyifvlr+qufqHa&;rw&m;r+rS‚if;/ olwyg;udkepfemapIudk,fusdK;&Smr+rS‚if;/xdkolwdk huif;vGwfap&efEdkifiHawmfuumuG,fapmifha&Smufay;&rnf//

36// // jynfol haexdkifa&; tqifhtwef;jr‡ifhwifr+ESifh jynfolusef;rma&;aumif;rGefwdk;wufr+wdk honf EdkifiHawmf.t"duwm0ef0wW&m;wckjzpf&rnf//

37// // (1)EdkifiHawmfonftvkyform;wdk h.cGeftm;ESifhusef;rma&;wdk hudk xdcdkufjcif;rjzpfap&ef‚if;/ uav;oli,fEke,faomt&G,fudk xdcdkufjcif;rjzpfap&ef‚if;/ xdk h tjyifxdkolwdk honfrdrdwdk h. usm;= r b0/ touf/ cGeftm;wdk hESifhroifhrav#mfaomtoufarG;r+ tvkyftudkifwdk hwGif pD;yGg;a&;csdK hwJhr+a-umifhraeombJ/ 0ifa&mufvkyfudkif&jcif;r&Sdap&ef‚if; ,Hk-unfpdwfcs&atmifpDrH&rnf// (2) EdkifiHawmfonf rD;zGg;a&;ESifhuav;apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ hrsm;/ uav;a*[mrsm;/ uav;xdrf;Xmersm;uddkzGifhvSpfjcif;tm;jzifh/ om;onftarESifhuav;wdk h.tusdK;udkapmifha&Smuf&ef/ xdk hjyifrD;rzGg;rDESifhrDD;zGg;_ yD;umvrsm;twGuf vkyfcESifhem;cGifh&&eftcGifhta&;udk tcpm;vkyfudkifaeaomrdcifwdk h&&SDcHpm;Edkifap&ef 0g'xm;&SdI/ xdk0g'twdkif'a&S h&+aqmif&Guf&rnf//

38// // EdkifiHawmfonf usef;rma&;0efxrf;tzGJ hrsm;/ aq;&Hkrsm;/ aq;ay;&Hkrsm;/ txl;aq;&Hkrsm;/ olemðy&Hkrsm;evHxaq;&Hkrsm;ESifhtjcm;/ usef;rma&;&Hkrsm;udkwnfaxmif}uDd;-uyfb tkyfcsKyfay;jcif;jzifh/ jynfolusef;rma&;udkaumif;onfxufaumif;atmifaqmif&Guf&rnf//

39// // jynfol husef;rma&;ESifhwuG/ vkyf&nfpGrf;tm;udkwdk;wufap&ef‚if; EdkifiHawmfumuG,fa&;pGrf;tm;udkjynfhwif;ap&ef‚if;/ EdkifiHawmfonfjynfolrsm;twGuf txl;tm;jzifhvli,frsm;twGuf/ um,Avynmoif-um;a&;udktxl;*&kjyKI aqmif&Guf&rnf//

40// // EdkifiHawmfonfroefrpGrf;jzpfvmaomppfr+xrf;a[mif;rsm;tm;/ oifhwifhav#mufywfpGmaexdkpm;aomufEdkifap&ef‚if;/ oufarG;r+ynmudktcvGwfoif,lEdkifap&ef‚if; pDrHaqmif&Guf&rnf// EdkifiHawmfonfusqHk;aomppfom;rsm;.uav;rsm;ESifh ppfa-umifhrdbrJhjzpf&aom uav;rsm;udk txl;*&kðyI -unfh&+apmifha&Smuf&rnf//

41// // EdkifiH."etiftm;udkwdk;wufap&ef‚if;/ jynfol hypPnf;OpPmtiftm;udkaumif;onfxufaumif;ap&ef‚if;/ jynfol h,Ofaus;r+tqifhtwef;jr‡ifhwufvmap&ef‚if;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.vGyfvyfa&;udkwnfwHhcdkif_ rJap&ef‚if;/ EdkifiHawmfumuG,fa&;pGrf;tm;udk}uDd;rm;vmap&ef‚if;/ &nf&G,fI jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.pD;yGg;qdkif&mpDrHudef;rsm;udkðy&rnf//

42// // udk,fusdK;tjrwftpGef;twGufr[kwfbJ/ vkyfudkifaqmif&GufaeaompD;yGg;a&; vkyfief;tzGJ htpnf;rsm;

tm; ypPnf;aiGa-u; taxmftyHay;&ef EdkifiHawmfwGif0g'xm;&SdI xdk0g'twdkif;a&S h&+aqmif&Guf&rnf// or0g,rtpnf;t&Hk;rsm;ESifhtvm;wlpD;yGg;a&;tpnf;t&Hk;rsm;tm; ydkrdktcGifhta&;ay;&rnf//·43// // 0dZ…mynmESifhodyHynmrsm;/ okawoeESifh,Ofaus;r+tzGJ htpnf;rsm;/ xdk htjyifygVdESifhouUËoif-um;a&;wdk hudk EdkifiHawmfuaxmufyHhapmifha&Smuf&rnf//

44// // (1) jynfoloHk;vkyfief;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&udk,fwdkifuaomf‚if;/ a'oEW&tzGJ hrsm;uaomf‚if;/jynfolwdk h.or0g,r tpnf;t&Hkrsm;uaomf‚if;/ wnfaxifvkyfudkifap&ef EdkifiHawmftpdk;&Y0g'xm;&SdI/xdk0g'twdkif;a&S h&+aqmif&Guf&rnf// (2) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmftwGif;wGif/ "eypPnf;xGufrnfhobm0yif&if;tajctjrpfrsm;ufk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&udk,fwdkifuaomf‚if;/ a'oEW&tzGJ hrsm;uaomf‚if;/ jynfolwdk h.or0g,rtpnf;t&Hk;rsm;uaomf‚if;/vkyfudkifoHk;pGJap&efEdkifiHawmftpdk;&Y 0g'xm;&SdI / xdk0g'twdkif;a&S h&+aqmif&Gufrnf//

· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “ 12 ”

tcef; 5 //tcef; 5 //

EdkifiHawmforRw //

45// // atmufyk'frrsm;wGif“EDkifiHawmforRw”[kac:tyfaom jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmf.orRw&Sd&rnf// EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHw0ef;vHk;wGif EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;.txGyftxdyfae&mudk&&SD&rnf// xdk htjyifhTtajccHOya'ESifh w&m;Oya'wdk hutyfESif;aomtm%mESifhtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf//

46// // EdkifiHawmforRwudkv#dk h0Sufaom rJqENay;pHepfjzifh/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yf. wGJzufnDvmcHwGif a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf&rnf// Ttceef;&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ EdkifiHawmforRw&mxl;twGufa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;udk/ ygvDreftufOya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf//

47// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwonf ygvDrefqdkif&mrnfonfhv$wfawmf.trwfr#rjzpf&// (2) ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yf. trwfwOD;udk EdkifiHawmforRwtjzpfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcJhaomf/ xdktrwfonf oufqdkif&mv$wfawmfY rdrd.trwfae&mudkpGefv$wfcJh_ yD;jzpfonf[krSwf,l&rnf// (3) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ vpmp&dwfa-u;aiG&aomtjcm;&mxl;XmeEW&rsm;udk tpdk;&ESifhoufqdkifonfjzpfap/ roufqdkifonfjzpfap/ rcH,l&//

48// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ &mxl;oufwrf;rukeefqHk;rD/ &mxl;oufwrf;rSEkwfxGufaoma-umifh‚if;/uG,fvGefaoma-umifh‚if;/ &mxl;rSEkwfy,fjcif;cH&aoma-umifh‚if;/ xm0pOfrpGrf;raqmifEdkifaoma-umifh‚if;/xdkta-umif;wckcka-umifhr[kwfv#if/ &mxl;Ypwifxrf;&Gufonfhae hrSpI ig;ESpfwdkifwdkifxrf;&Guf&rnf // (2) rnfonfhyk*~dKvfrqdk/ EdkifiahwmgforwWtjzpfjzifh &mxll;oufwrf;ESpf}udrfxufydkItrxrf;r&Guf&//

49// // (u) rdrdudk,fwdkifaom‚if;/ rdrd.rdbESpfyg;aomf‚if;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.ydkifeuftwGif;YarG;zGm;cJhIjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHom;vnf;jzpfaom/ xdk htjyif

(c) ygvDreftrwftjzpfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHEdkifonfh t&nftcsif;ESifhjynfhpHkonfvnf;jzpfaomfyk*~dKvfrsdK;r[kwfv#if/ rnfolr#EdkifiHawmforRw&mxl;twGuf a&G;aumufcHEdkifcGifhr&SDap&//

50// // yXrEdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrdtm;a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf_ yD;onfhaemuf/ vsifjrefor#vsifjrefpGmrdrd.&mxl;wGif0ifa&mufxrf;&Guf&rnf//aemufaemifaomEdkifiHawmforRwwdkif;onf / rdrdtvsifxrf;&GufoGm;aom EdkifiHawmforERw.&mxl;oufwrf;ukefqHk;_ yD;onfhaemufwae hYaomf‚if;/ xdk hodk hukefqHk;_ yD;onfhaemuf/ apEdkifor#apmaomae hYaomf‚if;/ &mxl;wGif0ifa&mufxrf;&Guf&rnf// tu,fIrdrdtv#if xrf;&GufoGm;aomEdkifiHawmforRwtm;&mxll;rSEkwfy,fvdkufv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxdkEdkifiHawmforRw&mxl;rSEkwfxGufoGm;v#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwffxm0pOfrpGrf;apmifEdkifv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfuG,fvGefv#if/ rdrdtm;a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf_ yD;onfhaemuf v#ifjrefEdkifor#v#ifjrefpGm &mxl;wGif0ifa&mufxrf;&Guf&rnf//

51// // EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ tpnf;ta0; usif;yv#uf&Sdaom ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfESifh w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. w&m;0ef}uDd;rsm;a&S harSnufwGif/ atmufygtwdkif; vlod&Sif-um;opPmqdkI/ vufrSwfxdk;_ yD;v#if/&mxll;Y0ifa&mufxrf;&Guf&rnf// “u|Ekfyfæææonf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ hpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk wnf_ rJatmifxdrf;odrf;I/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.w&m;Oya'rsm;udkapmifh&Smufygrnf// u|Ekyfonf zGJ hpnf;yHkiajccHOya'ESifhwuG/ w&m;Oya'wdk hESifhav#mfnDpGm rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk ,Hk-unfav;jrwfajzmifhrSwfrSefuefpGmaqmif&Gufygrnf// jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. ab;&eftEW&,ftaygif;wdk hudk wGef;vSefz,f&Sm;&ef }uD;pGmaomowd0D&djzifh tm;xkwfygrnf// u|Ekfyfonf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.tusdK;iSm/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtm; u|Efkyf.toufESifhudk,fudktyfESif;onf[k av;eufwnf-unfpGmausnmI/ uwdopPmðyonf//” 52// // jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. t}uHay;csufrSwyg;/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf rdr.&mxl;oufwrf;twGiff;wGifjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHrSxGufcGgroGm;&//

53// // EdkifiHawmforRopf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufa&;twGuf/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrd.&mxl;oufwrf;ukefqHk;tHhqJqJjzpfaom 3 vtwGif;wGif ygvDrefudkqifhac:&rnf//

54// // (1) atmufygta-umif;wckcktwGuf EdkifiHawmforRudkpGyfpGJjypfwifEdkifonf// (u) EdkifiHawmf.aus;Zl;opPmawmfudkazgufzsufjcif;//

(c) tajccHOya'udkusL;vGefjcif;//(*) tusifhoduQmvGefuJpHmysufjym;jcif;//(2) Tyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ xdk hjyifxdkjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhav#mfnDpGm/ pGyfpGJcsufudkygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfuwifoGif;Edkif&rnf//(3) Tyk'frt&EdkifiHawmforRwudk pGyfpGJ&efygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfodk hwifoGif;aomtqdkudk/oufqdkif&mv$wfawmf.trwfOD;a& pkpkaygif;teuf av;yHkwyHkatmufrv#mhaomtrwfrsm;u tqdkoGif;&ef}udKwifta-umif;-um;csufudk udk,fwdkifvufrSwfxdk;I ay;tyfaomtcgrSm rSwyg;/ vufrcH&// (4) ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfu/ xdkuJhodk haomftqdkudkoufqdkif&mv$wfawmf.trwfOD;a&oHk;yHkESpfyHkatmufrav#mhaomtrwfrsm;uaxmufcHI qHk;jzwfjyXmef;aomrcgrSmrSwyg;/ twnfrðy&//(5) ygvDrefqdkif&mvGwfawmfw&yfu/ pGyfpGJcsufwckudk wifoGif;_ yD;aomtcg tjcm;v$wfawmfw&yfu/xdkpGyfpGJcsufudkpHkprf;ppfaq;&rnf// odkwnf;r[kwfpHkprf;ppfaq;&rnf//(6) pGyfpGJcsufudkpHkprf;ppfaq;aomtcgwGif/ EdkifiHawmforRwY/ rdrdudk,fwdkifaomf‚if;/ udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfaomf‚if;/ acsycGifh&Sd&rnf//

(7) pGyfpGJcsufudkppfaq;_ yD;ojzifh/ pGyfpGJcsufudkpHkprf;ppfaq;aom/ odk hwnf;r[kwffpHkprf;ppfaq;aom/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmf.trwfOD;a&pkpkaygif;teuf oHk;yHkESpfyHkxufrv#mhaomtrwfrsm;u xdkpGyfpGJcsufonf rSefuefonfhtjyif/ pGyfpGJcH&aomjypfr+onf EdkifiHawmforRwtm; &mxl;wGifqufvufI rxrf;r&Gufapoifhaom jypfr+jzpfonf[lIausnmjyXmef;onfh jyXmef;csuftqdkudktwnfðycJhaom/ xdkjyXmef;csuftqkdudkta-umif;ðyI EdkifiHawmforRwtm;/ &mxl;rS&yfpJap&rnf//

55// // EdkifiHawmforRonf/ tdrfawmfwaqmif&&Sd&rnf// xdk hjyifw&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnfjzpfaomvpmESifhp&dwfrsm;udk&&Sd&rnf// EdkifiHawmforRw.vpmESifhp&dwfrsm;udk EdkifiHawmforRw.&mxl;oufwrf;twGif;wGifrajymif;rvJ&//

56// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwonf jynfol hv$wfawmfu trnfwifoGif;aomyk*~dKvftm;0ef}uDd;csKyfcef hxm;&rnf// xdk0ef}uD;csKyfonfjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h.t}uD;tr+;jzpf&rnf// (2) EDkifiHawmforRwonf 0ef}uDd;csKyfu trnfwifoGif;aomyk*~dKvfwdk hudk/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0iftjcm;0ef}uD;rsm;tjzpfcef hxm;&rnf// (3) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ 0ef}uD;csKyf.t}uHay;csuft&/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&0ef}uD;wODd;ODd;.&mxl;EkwfxGufpmudkvufcH&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwf &mxl;rS&yfpJap&rnf//

57// // EddkifiHawmforRwonf/ 0ef}uD;csKyf.t}uHay;csuft&/ jynfol hv$wwfawmfudkqifhac:&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwf&kwfodrf;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfzsufodrf;&rnf//

¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif0ef}uD;csKyfonf jynfol hv$wfawmfY trwfrsm;axmufcHr+udk qufvufIr&&Sdaomtcg/ 0ef}uDd;csKyfut}uHay;jim;aomf‚if;/ jiif;y,fEdkifonf// TtcgrsdK;wGif0ef}uD;csyfopfwOD;. trnfudkwifoGif;I v$fawmftm;csufjcif;qifhqdk&rnf// xdk htjyif jynfol hv$wfawmfonf15 &uftwGif;wGiff/ 0ef}uD;csKyftopfwODd;trnfudk&ef ysufuGufygujynfol hv$wfawmfudkzsufodrf;&rnf//

58// // (1) ygvDrefv$wwfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u twnfðyaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwftwnfðy_ yD;jzpfonf[krswf,l&rnfh Oya'-urf;onf/ tufOya'jzpfajrmufvma&;twGuf EdkifiHawmforRw.vufrSwfxdk;jcif;udkvdktyf&rnf// (2) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ ygvDrefujyXmef;vdkufaomtufOya'wdkif; a-ujim&rnf//

59// // TtajccHOya'&SdjyXef;csufrSm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ jynfaxmifpktkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%m[lor#onf/EdkifiHawmforRwYwnf&Sd&rnf// odk h&mwGif Tyk'fr&Sdpum;a-umifh ygvDrefonf/ vufatmufcHtm%mydkifwdk h tm;/ tvkyf0ifw&m;rsm;udk ray;tyfEdkif[krjzpfap&// odk hwnf;r[kwf xdkpum;a-umifhyif/ vuf&Sdw&m;Oya't& w&m;&Hk;Yaomf‚if;/ w&m;ol}uD;Yaomf‚if;/ t&m&SdYaomf‚if;/ a'oEW&tm%mydkifYaomf‚if;/ tjcm;tm%mydkifYaomf‚if;/ ESif;tyfxm;aomtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk edkifiHawmforRwtm;/ v$Jajymif;ay;tyfonf[krrSwf,l&//

60// // jypf'%fvGwf_ idrf;csrf;omcGifhay;EdkifaomtcGifhta&;onf/ EdkifiHawmforRwYwnf&Sd&rnf//

61// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ EdkifiHawmfESifh/ odk hwnf;r[kwfjynfolwdk hESifhoufqdkifonfh ta&;}uD;aomudpPrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;I trSmv$mjzifhaomf‚if; rdefcGef;jzpfaomf‚if; ygvDrefodk hta-umif;-um;Edkifonf// (2) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rnfonfhudpPta-umif;udkrqdk/ tcgra&G;wEdkifiHvHk;odk h rdef h¹rGufEdkifonf//

62// // (1)EdkifiHawmforRwtjzpfjzifhtm%mESifhtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&Gufjcif;twGufaom‚if;/xdktm%mESifhtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&mwGifjzpfap/ oHk;pGJaqmif&GufonfhtaeESifhjzpfap/ ðycJhaomtðytr+wdk htwGufaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf ygvDrefqdkif&mrnfonfhv$wfawmfrnfonfhw&m;&Hk;odk hr#ajz&Sif;&efrvdk // (2) odk h&mwGif EdkifiHawmforRw. tusifhoduQmudk yk'fr 54 .udpPtvdk hiSm/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfYa0zefppfa-umEdkifonf// odk hwnf;r[kwftqdkygyk'frt&/ pGyfpHJcsufrsm;udkpHkprf;ppfaq;a&;twGufygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfu cef htyfaomw&m;&Hk;ujzpfap/ w&m;cHkawmfujzpfap/ tzGJ hujzpfapa0zefppfa-umEdkifonf// (3) EdkifiHawmforRwu.tajccHOya't&/ oHk;pGJaqmif&GufonfhtaeESifh/ ðy_ yD;jzpfaomtðytr+onfwqufwnf; jzpfaomatmufyk'frwGifyg&Sdonfh/ odk hwnf;r[kwf !Gef;xm;onfhjyXmef;csufrsm;ESsifhtnDr[kwfaoma-umifh/ rcdkifvHk[kjiif;qdkydkifcGifhr&Sdap&//

63// // (1) TtajccHOya'wGif EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif;ðyrl&rnf[kaomf‚if;/ yk*~dKvfwODd;OD;xHrSjzpfap/ tzGJ hwckckxHrSjzpfap/ t}uHay;csuft&/ odkwnf;r[kwf trnfwifoGif;csuft&/ odk hwnf;r[kwfta-uif;-um;csuft&/ ðyr+&rnf[kaomf‚if;/ jyXef;xm;onfhtwdkif;aqmif&GuftyfonfrSwyg;/ tjcm;udpPrsm;wGifrdrdtm;ay;tyfxm;aom tm%mrsm;Esifhtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.t}uHay;csuft&omvsif/ oHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf// (2) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk ht}uHay;csufudkaomf‚if;/ trnfwifoGif;csufudkaomf‚if;/ a-umif;-um;csufudkaomf‚if; wifoGif;onf rwifoGif;onfodk hwnf;r[kwfEddkifiHawmforRwuxdktcsufudk&onfr&onf/tu,fIwifoGif;cJhaomf odk hwnf;r[kwf&cJhaomf/ rnfodk haomt}uHay;csufrsdK;jzpfonf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf rnfodk haomrnfodk haomta-umif;-um;csufrsdK;jzpfonf [laomtcsufrsm;udk rnfonfhw&m;&Hk;wGifr#ppfa-um;ar;jref;csif;rðy7//·64// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwuG,fvGefaaaaomtcg/ &mxl;rSEkwfxGufaomtcg/ ekwfy,fjcif;cH&aomtcg/tvkyfcGifTYr&Sdaomtcg acwWjxpfap xm0pOfjzpfaprpGrf;raqmifEdkifaomtcg xdktcgwrsdK;rsd k;wGif/ TtajccHOya'u EddkifiHawmforRwtm;/ ay;tyffxm;aomtm%mESifh tvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udkatmufYzGJ hpnf;tyfaom“EdkifiHwmfOD;ao#mif”tzGJ h uoHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf// (2) EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf em,uESifh jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXwdk hjzifh EdkifiHawmfOD;aqmiftzGJ hudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf// (3) EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf &mxl;vpfvyfaeaom tcgYaom‚if;/ xdkw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf raqmif&GufEdkifaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ xdkw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf.ae&mwGif/ xdkw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk aqmif&Gufap&efcef hxm;aomv$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;onf/ odk hr[kwdfxdkw&m;0ef}uDd;r&Sdjyefv#if/ xdkw&m;0ef}uD;r&Sdjyefv#if/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfrS xdkudpPtwGufaqmif&Guf&ef &Edkifaom 0gt&ifhqHk;w&m;0ef}uDd;onf/“EdkifiHawmfOD;ao#mif”tzGJwGif tzGJ h0ifwOD;OD;tjzpfjzifhaqmif&Guf&rnf//

· jyiffqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “ 2 ”

(4)vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf em,u&mxl;vpfvyfaomtcgYaom‚if;/ tqdkygem,uraqmif&GufEdkifaomtcgYaom‚if;/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,u.ae&mwGif/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf'kwd,em,uonf EdkifiHwmfOD;ao#miftzGJ hY tzGJ h0iftjzpfjzifhaqmif&Guf&rnf//

(5) jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUX &mxl;vpfvyfaomtcgYaom‚if;/ tqdkygOuUXraqmif&GufEdkifaomtcgYaom‚if;/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXae&mwGif/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXae&mwGif/ jynfol hv$wfawmf'kwd,OuUXonf EdkifiHawmf OD;ao#miftzGJ hY tzGJ h0ifwOD;OD;tjzpfaqmif&Guf&rnf// (6) EdkifiHawmfODd;ao#miftzGJ h0ifESpfOD;&Sdv#if/ xdktzGJ honfaqmif&GufEdkifonf// tzGJ h0ifae&mwckvpfvyfaeapumr+/ aqmif&GufEdkifonf// (7) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ TtajccHOya't&/ tm%mESifhtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&GufouJhodk h/ EdkifiHawmf OD;ao#miftzGJ honfvnf;oHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf//

··tcef; 6tcef; 6////

ygvDref//

tydkif; 1// t&yf&yfqdkif&m//tydkif; 1// t&yf&yfqdkif&m//

65// // jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.Oya'ðyr+tm%monf/ ygvDrefwGifwnf&Sd&rnf// ygvDrefwGif EdkifiHawmforRw/ jynfol hv$wfawmfESifhvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwwdk hyg0if&rnf// TtajccHOya'wGifygvDrefudk“ygvDref”/odk hwnf;r[kwf“jynfaxmifpkygvDref”[kac:&rnf//

66// // ygvDref.nDvmcHudkESSpfpOfwESpfv#if tenf;qHk;w}udrfusif;y&rnf// ygvDrefnDvmcHwck.aemufqHk; tpnf;ta0;ESifh aemufxyfusif;yaomnDvmcH. yXrtpnf;ta0;wdk h.pyf-um;wGif 12 vjcm;raeap&//

67// // (1) jynfol hv$wfawmfonf/ v$wfawmftrwfrsm;teuf trwfESpfOD;udk v$wfawmfOuUXESifhv$wfawm'kwd,OuUXtjzpfjzifh/ vsifjrefEdkifoavmufvsifjrefpGma&G;cs,f&rnf// xdk htjyifv$wfawmfOuUX.ae&m/ odk hwnf;r[kwfv$wfawmf'kwd,OuUXae&mvpfvyfaomtcgwdkif;/ xdkvpfvyfaomae&mtwGufjynfol hv$wfawmfonf tjcm;trwfwOD;udk v$wfawmfOuUXtjzpfjzifh/ ta-umif;tm;avsmfpGma&G;cs,f&rnf

· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “ 11 ” (2) jynfol hv$wfawmfwGif OuUX&mxl;Y/ odk hwnf;r[kwf'kwd,OuUX&mxl;Yxrf;&Gufaeaomol

onf/ v$wfawmftrwftjzpfrS&yfpJcJhv#if/ xdkolonfrdrdxrf;&Gufaeaom&mxll;udkpGef hv$wf&rnf// xdkolonfrnfonfhtcgYrqdk/ EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hrdrdudk,fwdkif vufrSwfa&;xdk;wifoGif;aompmjzifh &mxl;rSEkwfxGufEdkifonf// odk hwnf;r[kwf OuUXudkjzpfap/ 'kwd,OuUXudkjzpfap/ v$wfawmfvuf&Sdtrwfrsm;&m.qHk;jzwfjyXmef;csufjzifh/ &mxl;rSEkwfy,fEdkifonf// odk h&mwGifTyk'frcGJ.udpPtwGuf qHk;jzwf&ef&Sdaomtqdkudk tenf;qHk;14 &uf óudwifIta-umif;-um;jcif;rðyv#if/ xdktqdkudkv$wfawmfYrwifoGif;&//¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif jynfol hv$wfawmfudk zsufodrf;aomtcgwdkif;/ v$wfawmfudkxsufodrf;_ yD;onfhaemufaemufxyfw}udrfa&G;aumufaomv$wfawmf. yXrt}udrf tonf;ta0;udkusif;ytHhqJqJtcsdeftxd/ v$wfawmfOuUXonfrdrd.&mxl;udkrpGef hv$wf&// (3) jynfolv$wfawmfOuUX&mxl;vpfvyfaomtcg/ xdkv$wfawmfOuUX.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk v$wfawmf'kwd,OuUXuaqmif&Guf&rnf// v$wfawmf'kwd,OuUX&mxl;vnf; vpfvyfcJhaom/ xdkudpPtwGufv$wfawmftrwfrsm;teuf EdkifiHawmforRwu cef hxm;aomtrwfwOD;uaqmif&Guf&rnf// v$wfawmftpnf;tao;odk h OuUXrwufa&mufaomtcg v$wfawmf'kwd,OuUXu/ OuUXijzpfjxifhaqmif&Guf&rnf// 'kwd,OuUX

vnf; tpnf;ta0;odk hrwufa&mufaomtcg/ v$wfawmfvkyfief;pOfOya't&cef hxm;jcif;cHxm;&aom olwOD;uOuUXtjzpfjzifh aqmif&Gufrnf// xdkolvnf;tpnf;ta0;odk hrwufa&mufaomtcg/ v$wfawmfua&G;cs,faomtjcm;olwOD;u OuUXtjzpfjzifhaqmif&Guf&rnf// (4) v$wfawmfOuUXESifhv$wfawmf'kwd,OuUXwdk htm;/ ygvDreftufOya'jzifhowfrSwfaomvpmaiGrsm;udkay;&rnf// (5) Tyk'fr&Sd txufuaz:jycJhaom jyXef;csufrsm;onf/ jynfol hv$wfawmfESifhoufqdkifouJhodk hvlrsdK;pkv$WfawmfESifhvnf;oufqdkif&rnf// OuUXtpm;“em,u”/ 'kwd,OuUXtpm;“'kwd,em,u”[koHk;pGJ&rnf// “jynfolv$wfawmf”[koHk;pGJaomaae&mrsm;Y“vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf”[koHk;pGJ&rnf//

68// //(1) tjccHOya'.jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh‚if;/ ygvDrefvkyfief;pOfudk pnf;rsOf;wusjzpfatmifðyxm;aomenf;Oya'rsm;ESifhwuG wnfqJtrdef hrsm;ESifh‚if;rqef husifv#if ygvDrefYvGyfvyfpGmajymqdkcGifh&Sd&rnf// ygvDrefwGif/ odk hwnf;r[kwfygvDref.aumfrwDrsm;wGifajymqdkcJhjcif;/ rJay;cJhjcif;wdk hESifhpyfv#if;I rnfonfhygvDreftrwfudkr# w&m;pGJydkifcGifhr&Sdap&// xdk htjyif ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfuaomf‚if;/ jzef hcsDxkwfa0aomtpDt&ifcHpm/ pm&Gufpmwrf;/ rJqENrsm;/ v$wfawmf rSwfwrf;rsm;ESifhpyfv#Of;Ivnf;/ rnfol hudkr#w&m;pGJqdkydkifcGifhr&Sdap&// (2) tjcm;udpPrsm;wGifr+um;/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmftrwfrsm;/ cHpm;xdkufaomtcGifhta&;rsm;onftcgtm;av#mfpGmygvDreftufOya'jzifhaz:jyonfhtwdkif;jzpf&rnf// xdk hodk hydkif;jcm;az:jyjcif;rðyao;v#ifxdktxdktrwfrsm;.tcGifhta&;rsm;onf/ TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJwGifjrefrmEdkifiHOya'ðytzGJ htrwfrsm;cHpm;-uaomtcGifhta&;twdkif;jzpf&rnf//

69// // (1) TtajccHOya'utjcm;jyXmef;csufðyxm;jcif;r&Sdv#ifv$wfawmfrsm;.tpnf;ta0;wGif/ odk hwnf;r[kwfwGJzuftpnf;ta0;wGifaqG;EG;-uaomjy\emtm;vHk;udk tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufrJay;aomv$wfawmftrwfrsm;.rJrsm;&mjzifhqHk;jzwf&rnf// xdk hodk hqHk;jzwfaomudpPrsm;wGif OuUXonf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfem,uonf/ odk hwnff;r[kwfOuUXtjzpfjzifhjzpfap/ em,utjzpfjzifhjzpfap/ aqmoif&Gufaeaomyk*~dKvfonf/rJray;&/ odk h&mwGifrJt&twGuf wlnDaeaomtcg tEdkifrJay;EdkifcGifh&SdI tEdkifrJudkay;&rnf// (2) rdrd.tm%mrsm;udkoHk;pGJ&ef/ v$wfawmfw&yf&yfonf tpnf;ta0;txajrmufa&;twGuf vdktyfaom rwfOD;a&udk v$wfawmf. enf;Oya'rsm;jzifhqHk;jzwfowfrSwf&rnf// (3) trwfae&mrsm;vpfvyfaeapumr+/ r+cifffff;udpPrsm;udkaqmif&GufEdkif&ef ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfwdk hwGif/ tm%m&Sd&*rnf// xdk hjyiftcGifhta&;r&SdaomolwOD;wa,mufonf/ v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;odk hwufa&mufcJhonf[lIaomf‚if;/ rJqENay;cJhonf[lIaomf‚if;/ v$wfawmf.r+cif;udpPaqmif&Gufr+wGif tjcm;wenf;enf;jzifhyg0ifcJhonf[lIaomf‚if;/ aemiftcgrSmrS ay:aygufvmapumr+/ ygvDrefYaqmif&GufcJhonfhr+cif;udpPonf twnfjzpf&rnf// (4) txufujyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudkrxdcdkufapbJ/ jynfe,fwe,fe,frSrdrd.udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;udk a&G;cs,fI vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfodk h apv$wf&efjyufuGufapumr+/ xdkv$wfawmfwGifrdrd.vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk aqmif&Guf&eftm%m&Sd&rnf//

70// // ygvDref.ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&*yf&yf.tpD&ifcHpmrsm;ESifh jzef hcsDxkwfa0or#aompm&Gufpmwrf;tm;vHkk;twGuf w&m;pGJqdkydkifcGifhvHk;0r&Sdap&//

71// // v$wfawmftoD;oD;.trwfrsm;onf/ jynfolwkd h.udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfjzifh wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkaqmif&Guf-uaoma-umifh/ xdkyk*~dKvfrsm;tm;vpmESifh p&dwfa-u;aiGrsm;udkay;&ef‚if;/ ygvDrefuowfrSwfaomc&D;oGm;vmr+tcGifht&;rsm;ESifh tjcm;tcGifhta&;rsm;udkay;&ef‚if;/ ygvDrefuw&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;Edkifonf//

72// // ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yf. trwftoD;oDd;onf/ v$wfawmf&Sdrdrd.trwfae&mudkr,lcif/EdkifiHawmforRw. a&S harSmufYaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRwutcGifhtm%mv$Jtyfxm;aom ol.a&S harSmufYaomf‚if;/ TtajccHOya'. yXrZ,m;wGifyg&Sdonfhtwdkif; EdkifiHawmf.aus;Zl;opPmawmfudk apmifha&Smufygrnf[kusrf;udkifIjzpfap/ opPmqdkIjzpfap/ vufrSwfa&;xdk;&rnf//

73// // (1) wcsdefwnf;wGifrnfolr#/ ygvDrefqdkiff&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;.trwfrjzpfEdkif/ v$wfawmfw&yfwGiftrwfjzpfaeaomolonf/ tjcm;v$wfawmfwGiftrwfjzpfvmcJhaom/ xdkolonfyxrtrwfae&mudkpGef hv$wf_ yD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf// (2) v$wfawmftrwfwOD;onf= (u) wqufwnf;jzpfaom atmufyk'fr&Sd/ yk'frcGJ (1) t&/ trwft&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;vmcJhaom/odk hwnf;r[kwf/ (c) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk h/ rdrdudk,fwdkifvufrSwfxdk;I EkwfxGufpmwifoGif;csif;tm;jzifh/ trwftjzpfrSEkwfxGufcJhaom/ xdktrwf.ae&monfxdktcgYvpfvyf&rnf//

(3) v$wfawmftrfwOD;OD;onf oufqdkif&mv$wfawmf. tcGifhudkr&bJ/ v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;tm;vHk;odk h/ &ufaygif;oHk;q,fwdwdwqufwnf;rwufa&mufbJaecJhaomf/ oufqdkif&mv$wfawmfonf xdktrwf.ae&mvpfvyfonf[k ausnmEdkifonf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifqdkcJhaom&ufaygif;oHk;q,fudk wGufppf&mY v$wfawmfudk&kyfodrf;xm;aomuvudk odk hwnf;r[kwfwqufwnf;jzpfaomav;&ufxufausmfvGefI tpnf;ta0;&yfqdkif;xm;aomumvudk/xnfhoGif;a&wGufxm;jcif;rðy&//

74// // (1) atmufygyk*~dKvfrsm;tm;/ v$wfawmfw&yf&yf. trwftjzpfjzifha&G;cs,fjcif;cH&&ef‚if;/ v$wfawmfw&yf&yf.trwftjzpfwnf_ rJap&ef‚if;/ cGifhrðy&// (u) EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&.aus;Zl;opoPmawmfudk cH,lapmifha&Smuf&dkaool/ odk hwnf;r[kwf EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&.vufatmufcHjzpfol/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxddktpdk;&.vufatmufcHjzpfolaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHom;aomf‚if;/ cHpm;&aom tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifhaus;Zll;cHpm;cGifhrsm;udk cHpm;EdkifcGifh&Sdol/ odkwnf;r[kwf (c) vlrGJtjzpf qHk;jzwfa-unmcHxm;&jcif;rSvGwfajrmufcGifhr&ao;ol/ odk hwnf;r[kwf (*) pdwfayghoGyfI/ pdwfayghoGyfol[k tcGihftm%m&w&m;&Hk;.trdefcsrSwfjcif;cHae&ol/ odkk hwnf;r[kwf (C) &mxl;lwckckY xrf;&Gufaeaomfvnf;/ xdk&mxl;a-umifh/ vdktyfaomt&nftcsif; ysuf,Gif;csif;r&Sdap&[k ygvDreftuftkya'jzifhausnmxm;aom &mx;lrsdK;rSwyg;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmftpdk;&vufatmufwGifaomf‚if;/ tusdK;tjrwf&Sdaomtjcm;&mxll;wckckY xrf;&Gufaeonfhol/ odk hwnf;r[kwf (i) jrefrmjynfOya'ðyvGwfawmf. odk hwnf;r[kwf ygvDref. tufOya'wck&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;wGifoD;jcm;az:jyxm;aom umvtydkif;tjcm;rukefqHk;ao;v#if/ xdkv$wfawmf./ odk hwnf;r[kwfxdkygvDref.trwfjzpf&eft&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;aponfh a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&mjypfr+jzpfonf[k/ xdkv$wfawmfuaomf‚if;/ xdkygvDrefuaomf‚if;/ xdktufOya'jzifhjyXmef;_ yD;jzpfaom jypfr+rsdK;twGuf/ TtajccHOya'tm%mrwnfrDujzpfap/ tm%mwnf_ yD;aemufrSjzpfap/ tjypf'%fcH&ol/ oddddk hwnf;r[kwfjrefrmjynfOya'ðyv$wfawmf./ odk hwnf;r[kwfygvDref. tufOya'wck&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;wGif oD;jcm;az:jyxm;aom umvtydkif;tjcm;rukefvGefao;v#if/ xdkv$wfawmf./ odk hwnf;r[kwf xddkygvDef.trwfjzpf&eftcsif;ysuf,Gif;aponfh a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m w&m;rJh ðyusifhr+jzpfonf[k/ xdkv$wfawmfuaomf‚if;/ xdkygvDrefuaomf‚if;/ xdktufOya'jzifhjyXmef;_ yDd;jzpfaomf

ðyusifhr+rsdK;twGuf/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cdkifvHkonfrcdkifvHkonf/ enf;vrf;usonfrusonfwdk hudk pHkprf;ppfaq;aomtr+tcif;rsdK;wGif/ tjypfusL;vGef_ yD;onf[ktrdefcsrSwfjcif;cH&_ yDd;ol/ odk hwnf;r[kwf (p) tjypf'%frSvGwfonfhae hrSpI 5 ESpfumvtydkiftjcm;/ odk hwnf;r[kwfEdkifiHawmforRwurdrd.oabmtwdkif;cGifhðyaom 5ESpfatmufav#mhaom umvtydkif;tjcm;rukefvGefao;v#if/ tydk'f(i)Yaz:jyxm;aom jypfr+rsdK;rSwyg;/ tjcm;jypfr+wckcktwGuf jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH. tm%mydkifeufwGif/ TtajccHOya'tm%m rwnfrDujzpfap/ tm%mwnf_ yDd;aemufrSjzpfap/ jypf'%fcH&I wu|ef;ydk h'%fudkaomf‚if;/ pD&ifjcif;&_ yDd;ol/ odk hwnf;r[kwf (q) a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&mukefusp&dwfudk wifoGif;aomae hrSpI/ 5 ESpfumvtydkif;tjcm; rukefvGefao;v#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfvdktyfaomt&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;jcif;udk EdkifiHawmforRwurdrd.oabmtwdkif;y,fzsuf_ yD;r[kwfao;v#if/ ygvDrefodk htrwftjzpfjzifhtrnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&_ yD;aemuf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf xdkodk htrnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&ol. a&G;aumufyGJ udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfjzifhaqmif&Guf_ yD;aemuf/ TtajccHOya't&xkwfqifhaomtrdwfjzifhaom‚if;/ ygvDref.tufOya'tYaomf‚if;/ jyXmef;xm;aomtcsdefumvtwGif;wGif/xdkodk hjyXmef;xm;aomenf;vrf;ESifhtnD/ a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&mukefusp&dwfp&if;udkwifoGif;&efysufuGufcJhol// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifukefusp&dwf pm&if;wifoGif;onfhae hrSpI/ 1 vjzpfap/ EdkifiHawmforRwuoD;jcm;udpPwGif rdrd.oabmtwdkif;aqmif&Gufum tcGifhðyaom 1 vxufydkaomumvtydkif;tjcm;jzpfap/aphukefjcif;r&SdrD/ Tyk'frcGJ&Sdtydk'f (q) t& trwfjzpf&efcGihfrðyjcif;onftwnfrjzpfap&// (2) wOD;wa,mufaomolonf/ &mZ0wefjypfr+a-umifh wu|ef;tydk hcHae&pOf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfaxmifoGif;tusOf;xm;jcif;cHae&pOf/ xdkolonfv$wfawmfw&yf&yf.trwftjzpf a&G;cs,fjcif;cHEdkifcGifhr&Sdap&// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGiftjypf'%fcH&aomumvonf 2 ESpfxufrydkcJhaomf/ EdkifiHawmforRwonftqdkyft&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;jcif;udk/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif;z,f&Sm;Edkifonf// (3) tjypf&Sdonf[ktrdef hcsrSwfjcif;cH&aoma-umifhjzpfap/ tjypf&Sdonf[ktrdef hcsrSwfjcif;cH&Itjypf'%fay;jcif;udkvnf;cH&aoma-umifhjzpfap/ Tyk'fr&Sdyk'frcGJ (1) tydk'f (i) t&/ odkwnf;r[kwftydk'f (p) t&/ t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;olwOD;onf/ xdkodk ht&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;aomae hwGif/ v$wfawmfw&yf&yf.trwfjzpfaeaomf/ Tyk'frwGifjzpfap/ wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufygyk'frwGifjzpfap rnfodk hyifqdkxm;apumr+/ xdkol.trwfae&monf/ t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;onfhae hrSpI 3 vrukefrvGefrD/ odk hwnf;r[kwf tjypf&Sdonf[ktrdef hcsrSwfcH&jcif;ESifhjzpfap/ tjypf'%ftay;cH&jcif;ESifhjzpfap/ pyfvsOf;aeaomt,lcHv$mudkaomf‚if;/ apm'u0ifav#mufv$mudkaomf‚if;/ xdk 3 vtwGif;wGifwifoGif;cJhv#if/ xdkt,lcHv$mudkodk hwnf;r[kwf xdkapk'u0ifav#mufv$mudk rqHk;jzwfao;rD/ xdkodk ht&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;onfhtcsufa-umifh rvpfvyf&/ odk h&mwGifTyk'frcGJu xdkoltm; v$wfawmftrwftjzpfjzifh wnfaecGifhay;xm;onfh umvtydkif;tjcm;twGif;wGif/ xdkolonfv$wfawmftpnf;ta0;odk h wufa&mufjcif;/ rJqENay;jcif;rðy&//

75// // wOD;wa,mufaomolonf/ v$wfawmfw&yf&yfwGif trwfjzpf&efvdktyfaomt&nftcsif;csdK hiJhaeygv#ufESifh/ odk hwnf;r[kwfysuf,Gif;aeygv#ufESifh/ odk hwnf;rpkwfyk'fr 74 &Sd yk'frcGJ (3). jyXmef;csufrsm;urdrdtm;/ xdkv$wfawmftrwftjzpfjzifh h rwufra&muf&efaomf‚if;/ wm;jrpfxm;jcif;cH&ygvsufESifh/ odk hwnf;r[kwf yk'fr 74 Yyg&Sdonfh vdktyfaomtcsufrsm;udkvdkufav#mjcif;rðyrD/xdkolonfv$wfawmfw&yf&yfodk trwftjzpfjzifhwufa&mufcJhaomf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfrJqENay;cJhaomf/ rdrdwufa&mufaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf rJqENay;cJhaomfae h&ufrsm;twGuf wae hv#if'%faiG 1000 aqmif&efxdkolYwm0ef&Sd&rnf// xdkaiGudkjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmftpdk;&tm;/ ay;qyf&ef&SdaomaºuG;_ rDuJhodk h/ oabmxm;I xdkolxHrSawmif;,l&rnf//

76// // (1) touf 21 ESpfjynfhonfhtjyif/ TtajccHOya'uaomf‚if;/ w&m;Oya'uaomf‚if; vdktyfaomt&nftcsiflcsdK hiJhonf[k/ jyXmef;xm;jcif;rcH&aomEdkifiHom;wdkif;onf/ ygvDreftrwftjzpfjzifh ta&G;cH,lcGifh&Sd

&rnf// (2) touf 18 ESpfjynfhI/ w&m;Oya't& t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;olr[kwfonfhtjyif/ ygvDreftwGuf trwfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;qdkif&m w&m;Oya'jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh nD!GwfaomEdkifiHom;wdkif;onf/ygvDreftwGuf a&G;aumufyGJwGif rJqENay;ydkifcGifh&Sd&rnf// (3) ygvDreftrwfjzpfEdkifa&;twGufaomf‚if;/ ygvDreftrwfa&G;aumufyGJwGif rJqENay;Edkifa&;twGufaomf‚if;/ ypPnf;OpPmt&nftcsif;rsdK;r&Sd&// (4) ygvDreftrwfjzpfEdkifa&;twGuf rnfonfhEdkifiHom;udkr# usm;= r b0udkaomf‚if;/ vlrsdK;udkaomf‚if;udk;uG,f&mbmomudkaomf‚if;/ ta-umif;ðyIvdktyfaomt&nf;tcsif;csdK hiJhatmif/ Oya'rðy&/ odk hwnf;r[kwfqufvuf&twnfrjzpfap&/ ygvDeftrwfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif rJqENay;Edkifa&;twGufvnf;/ rnfonfhEdkifiHom;udkr# txufygta-umif;rsm;udkyifta-umif;ðyI/ vdktyfaomt&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;atmif/ Oya'rðy&/odk hwnf;r[kwfqufvufI twnfrjzpfap&// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif yk'fr 21 &Sd yk'frcGJ (3) wGif rnfodk hyif&Sdaeapumr+/ qdkcJhaomtrwfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif rJqENray;ap&ef/ odk hwnf;r[kwf v$wfawmfYtrwfrjzpfap&ef/ rnfonfhomoemh0efxrf;udkrqdkw&m;Oya'jzifh wm;jrpfEdkifonf//

(5) rJqENay;jcif;udkv#dK h0SufaomrJqENay;pHepfjzifhðy&rnf//

77// // TtajccHOya'.jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yftwGuftrwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m/ udpPtm;vHk;udk/ w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDowfrSwf&rnf// xdkudpPtm;vHk;wGif/ rJqENe,fowfrSwfjcif;/ &Hzef&Hcgvpfvyfaomtrwfae&mrsm;udkjznfhoGif;jcif;/ a&G;aumufyGJusif;y&mrSaomf‚if;/ a&G;aumufyGJESifhpyfv#Of;Iaomf‚if; jzpfay:vmaom'dG[jzpfr+/ tjiif;yGg;r+rsm;udkqHk;jzwfjcif;wdk hyg0if&rnf//

78// // ygvDrefqdkif&mvGwfawmfw&yf&yf.trwfwOD;udk trwftjzpfrS/ xGufcdkif;&efvdktyfaompnf;urf;csufrsm;ESifh enf;emrsm;udkygvDrefonf/ w&m;Oya'jzifhjyXef;owfrSwfEdkifonf//

79// // jynfaxmifpk tpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;toD;oD;ESifh EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyfonf/ v$wfawmfw&yf&yfY‚if;/v$wfawmfrsm;.wGJzuftpnf;ta0;Y‚if;/ rdrdtm;aumfrw0ifDvl}uDd;wOD;tjzpfjzifhtrnfxkwfaz:jyxm;aomygvDrefqdkif&maumfrwDY‚if;/ 0ifa&mufajymqdkcGifh&Sdonfhtjyif/ tjcm;enf;jzifhyg0ifaqmif&GufEkdif&efvnf;tcGifh&&Sd&rnf// odk h&mwGif Tyk'frudkta-umif;ðyI rJqENay;ydkifcGifhr&Sdap&//

80// // (1)TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmftoD;oD;onf/v$wfawmf. vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifh r+cif;udpPaqmif&Gufr+wdk hudkpnf;rsOf;owfrSwfap&efenf;Oya'rsm;udkðyEdkifonf// (2) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,u/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXwdk hESifh!‡dE+dif;wdkifyif_ yD;aemuf/ v$wfawmfESpf&yf. wGJzuftpnf;ta0;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I‚if;/ xdkv$wfawmfrsm;. tcsif;csif;qufoG,fa&;rsm;ESifh‚if;/ vkyfief;pOfenf;Oya'rsm;udkðyEkdifonf// (3) v$wfawmfESpf&yf. wGzuftpnf;ta0;wGif/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,uonf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxdkem,urvmra&mufv#ifjynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXonf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfIyk'frt&ðyxm;aom vkyfief;pOfenf;Oya'rsm;jzifh jyXmef;onfhyk*~dKvfwOD;onf obmywdtjzpfjzifhaqmif&Guf&rnf//

81// // TtajccHOya'wGifjyXmef;xm;onfhtwdkif;/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfrS/ odk hwnf;r[kwfw&m;v$wfawmfrSw&m;0ef}uDwOD;ODtm;&mxl;rSEkwfy,f&eftqdkudkaqG;aEG;onfrSwyg; xdkw&m;0ef}uD; tvkyf0wW&m;aqmif&Guf&mY ðyr+aomðyr+csufrsm;ESifh pyfv#Of;IygvDrefwGifaqG;aEG;jcif;rðy&//

82// // (1) ygvDrefwGif/ aqmif&Gufonfh r+cif;udpPonf v$wfawmfrsm;qdkif&mvkyfief;pOfenf;vrf;twdkif;ruseojzifh rcdkifvHk[k rnfonfhw&m;&Hk;wGifr$jiif;qdkydkifcGifhr&Sdap&// (2) ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfwGif v$wfawmfvkyfief;pOfudkaomf‚if;/ r+cif;udpPaqmif&Gufjcif;udkaomf‚if;/ pnf;urf;owfrSwfay;&ef/ odk hwnf;r[kwfpnf;urf;ao0yfatmifaqmif&Guf&ef TtajccHOya'uaomf‚if;/ tm%mrsm;ESif;tyfhjcif;cH&aomjynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXtm;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfOuUXtm;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,utm;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yf.tjcm;trwfwOD;tm;/ xdktm%mrsm;udkoHk;pGJaqmif&Gufa&;ESifhpyfvsOf;I/ w&m;&Hk;urpD&ifEdkifap&//

tydkif; 2 // jynfol hv$wfawmf //tydkif; 2 // jynfol hv$wfawmf //··83// // (1)jynfol hv$wfawmfwGif w&m;Oya'jzifh owfrSwfxm;aom rJqENe,frsm;rS/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvdkufonfh udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;yg0if&rnf// odk h&mwGif u&iftrsdK;om;udk,fpm;vS,f trwfrsm;twGufu&iftrsdK;om;vlODd;a& tcsdK;tpm;tvdkufowfrSwfay;&rnfjzpfaom trwfae&mta&twGufudk oD;oef hxm;&efjyXmef;csufrsm;udkðy&rnf//

(2) Tv$wfwmftrwfOD;a&onf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmftrwfOD;a&. ESpfqeD;eD;jzpfEdkifor#jzpfap&rnf//Tv$wfawmf.trwfOD;a&udk tcgumvtm;avsmfpGm w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf// odk h&mwGifjynfol hv$wfawmftrwfOD;a&udk pkpkaygif;udk 100˜000 v#if trwfwOD;usESifhwGufojzifh/ &&SdaomtrwfOD;a&atmufav#mhIjzpfap/ vlOD;a& 30˜000 v#if trwfwOD;ufESifhwGufjzifh &&SdaomtrwfOD;a&xufydkIjzpfaprowfrSwf&//· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “ 6 ” (3) aemufqHk;t}udrfoef;acgifpm&if;aumufcsuft&/ od&Sd&aomrJqENe,few,f&SdvlOD;a&ESSifh xdke,ft

wGuf a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf&rnfh trwfOD;a&wdk h.tcsdK;tpm;onf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHw0ef;vHk;wGif/ rJqENe,fwdkif;Y wlnDEdkifor#wlnDEdkif&rnf// odk h&mwGif u&ifjynfeDjynfe,f&SdrJqENe,frsm;ESifh (tcef;9 tydkif; 5 wGif!Gef;xm;aom) csif;0daowdkif;&Sd rJqENe,frsm;twGufrSmr+um;/ tcsdK;us&Ekdifonfxuf trwfoD;a&udkwdk;jr‡ifhEdkifonf// (4) rJqENe,f&SdvlOD;a&twdk;tav#mhudk axmufxm;oifhinfhtwdkif;axmufxm;I/ ygvDrefonftenf;qHk;wESpfv#ifw}udrfus rJqENe,frsm;udk ppfaq;jyifpqif&rnf// odk h&mwGif xdkrJwENe,frsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;aomajymif;vJcsufonf/ ygvDref.oufwrf; rukefqHk;rDtusdK;roufa&muf&//

84// // (1) jynfol hv$wfawmftwGuftrwfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;udk/ v$wfawmfa[mif;tm;zsufodrf;onfhaemuf&ufaygif; 60 atmufaemufrusapbJ usif;y&rnf// a&G;aumufyGJrsm;udkysif;yaomtcgwdkif;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH0ef;vHk;Y rJqENay;jcif;udk wae hxJwGifjzpfajrmufEdkifor#jzpfajrmufatmifðy&rnf// (2) jynfol hv$wfawmftpnf;ta0;udk/ rJqENrsm;ay;_ yDd;onfhae hrSpI/ &ufaygif; 60 twGif;usif;y&rnf//

85// // jynfol hv$wfawmfwdkif;onf/ yXrtpnf;ta0;udk usif;yonfhae hrSpI/ av;ESpfwdkifwdkifqufvufIwnf&Sd&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif yk'fr 94 t& ta&;w}uD;tajctaeqdkufa&mufonf[k ausnmaomtrdef hwnfaecdkufwGif/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfrsm;onf v$wfawmfESpf&yf.wGJzuftpnf;ta0;odk h wufa&mufrJay;-uaom oHk;yHkESpfyHkatmufravsmhonfh trwfrsm;.twnfðycsufjzifh/ txufygav;ESpfumvudk wESpf_ yDDD;

wESpf qufvufIwnf&SdapEdkifonf// xdk htjyifEdkifiHawmforRonf/ TtajccHOya'&Sdyk'fr 57 Y jyXmef;xm;onfhtwdkif; jynfol hv$wfawmfudktcgra&G;zsufodrf;Edkifonf//

86// // (1) rnfonfhb¾mawmfESpftwGufrqdk/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. t&rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;ESifh toHk;rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;udk TtajccHOya'&Sdtcef; 7 t&/ jynfol hv$wfawmfodk hwifjy_ yD;onfhaemuf/ xdkrSef;ajcaiGpm&if;rsm;udkv$wfawmfuvsifjrefEdkifor#vsifjrefpGmpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&rnf// (2) oD;jcm;Oya'ðyjcufjzifh txl;wvnfjyXmef;xm;aomudpPtwGufr[kwfv#if/ ESpftoDd;oD;.b¾ma&;qdkif&mqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;twdkif; aqmif&GufEdkif&ef vdktyfaomOya'udk xdkESpftwGif;wGifðy&rnf// (3) rnfonfhudpPtwGufaiGrnfr#oHk;pGJ&rnf[k/ jynfol hv$wfawmfodk h jynfaxmifpktpdk;&u tqdkoGif;jcif;rðyonfhumvywfvHk; jynfol hv$wfawmfonf tcGefawmfudkoHk;pGJ&ef/ odk hwnf;r[kwf jynfol haiGrsmm;udkoHk;pGJ&ef rJqENay;jcif;aomf‚if;/ qHk;jzwfjyXef;jcif;aomf‚if;rðy&/ w&m;Oya'udkvnf;rðy&//

tydkif; 3 // vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf //tydkif; 3 // vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf //

87// // TtajccHOya'&Sd 'kwd,Z,m;YcGJa0az:jyxm;onfhtwdkif;/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwGif trwfae&m 125 ae&m&Sd&rnf//

88// // (1) jynfol hv$wfawmfudkjzufodrf;_ yD;onfESifhw_ ydkifeuf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfonfvnf;jzufodrf;_ yD;jzpfap&rnf// (2) vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmftwGuf/ a&G;aumufyGJudk jynfol hv$wfawmfjzufodrf;_ yD;onfhaemuf/ aemufxyfa&G;aumufaom jynfol hv$wfawmf.yXrtpnf;a0;udkusnif;yonfrSpI/ 15 &ufajrmufae hrvGefrDusif;y_ yD;jzpfap&rnf//

89// // a&G;aumufyGJ _ yD;onfhaemuf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf. yxrt}udrftpnf;ta0;udk/ 0ef}ud;csKyf. t}uHay;csuft& EdkifiHawmforRwuowfrSwfaomae h&ufwGif/ usif;y&rnf//

tydkif; 4 // ygvDref.tm%mrsm; //tydkif; 4 // ygvDref.tm%mrsm; //

90// // TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHwGif Oya'ðyEdkifaomtm%monf/ ygvDrefYomwnf&Sd&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif ygvDref.tufOya'wckonf/ xdktufOya'ESifhoabmudkufnDaom enf;Oya'rsm;ESifh pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;udkðyap&ef/ xdktufOya'wGiftxift&Sm;az:jyxm;aomolwOD;OD;tm;‚if;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf tm%mydkifwOD;ODtm;aomf‚if;/ tcGifhtm%mudkv$JtyfEdkifonf// xdkenf;Oya'rsm;ESifhpnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;rSm w&m;Oya'uJhodk htm%m&Sd&rnf/ odk h&mwGifxdkenf;Oya'rsm;ESihfpnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;udk ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmftoD;oD;odk h / qufvufusif;vuWHaomnDvmcHwGifwifoGif;&rnf// xdk htjyiftqdkygenf;Oya'rsm;t&/ odk hwnf;r[kwfpnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;t&ta&;,laqmif&GufcJh _ yD;jzpfaom tr+udpP.cdkifvHkjcif;udkrxdcdkufapbJ/ xdkenf;Oya'rsm;ESifhpnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;udk wifoGif;onfhae hrSpI/ oHk;vtwGif;wGif ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;Y tqdkwifoGif;qHk;jzwfI y,fzsufEdkif&rnf ///

91// // odk h&mwGifa'otvdkufudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&Sdonf[laom&nf&G,fcsufoabmw&m;udk tajccHI/w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwfxm;aom a'oqdkif&mudk,fpmvS,ftzGJ hrsm;odk h/ tkyfcsKyfa&;udpP/ ,Ofaus;r+udpP/ pD;yGg;a&;udpPrsm;twGuftxift&Sm;az:jyxm;aom tm%mrsm;udkv$Jay;&ef/ w&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;csufðyEdkifonf/xdkjyXmef;csufrsm;yg0ifaomw&m;Oya'onf/ xdkudk,fpmvS,ftzGJ hrsm;.tcGifhta&;rsm;/ tm%mrsm;ESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk‚if;/ xdk htzGJ hrsm;ESifh jynfaxmifpktpdk;&wdk h. qufqHa&;udk‚if;/ owfrSwf&rnf//·92// // (1) wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'frcGJjzifh/ jynfe,faumifpDrsm;odk h vHk;0cGJa0v$JtyfaomOya'ðytm%mrSvGJI/ ygvDrefwGifjynfaxmifpkwEdkifiHvHk;twGufjzpfap/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. wpdwfwa'otwGufjzpfap/Oya'rsm;udkðy&eftm%m&Sd&rnf// Tyk'frY a&S huaz:jycJhaom pnf;urf;csufwdk h.a,bk,soabmudk tcsKwftcs,frjzpfapbJ/ xdk hjyifaocsmonfxufaocsmatmif/ wqufwnf;jzpfaom atmufyk'frcGJYrnfodk hyifqdkxm;apumr+/ jynfaxmifpkygvDrefYomY&SdaomOya'ðyr+tcGifhtm%monf (jynfaxmifpk Oya'ðypm&if;[kaz:jyvwWHaom) TtajccHOya'.wwd,Z,m;&Sdpm&if; 1wGifoD;jcm;a&wGufjyxm;aomudpPtm;vHk;tay:Y oufa&mufjyef hESH h&rnf ausnmvdkufonf// tqdkygpm&if;wGif oD;jcm;a&wGufaz:jyxm; aqmif&GufzG,fta-umif;t&m trsdK;tpm;wckckY/ yg0ifaeonfhudpPwckckonf/ wqufwnf;jzpfaom/ atmufyk'frcGJjzifh jynfe,faumifpDrsm;odk h vHk;0cGJa0v$Jtyfxm;onfh jynfe,fa'oEW&oabmouf0ifaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf jynfe,fwGif;a&;&m oabmouf0ifaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf jynfe,fwGif;a&;&m oabmouf0ifaom aqmif&GufzG,fta-umif;t&mpm&if;wGifyg0ifonf[krrSwfr,l&// (2) jynfe,fOya'ðypm&if;[kaz:jyvwWHaomtqdkygZ,m;&Sdpm&if; 2 Y oD;jcm;a&wGufjyxm;onfhudpPwckckESifhpyfvsOf;I/ jynfe,ftwGufaomf‚if;/ jynfe,f.wpdwfwa'otwGufaomf‚if;/ Oya'rsm;udkðy&efjynfe,faumifpDYomtm%m&Sd&rnf// (3) rnfonfhjynfe,faumifpDrqdk/ rdrd.e,fajrrsm;udkaomf‚if;/ tm%mrsm;udkaomf‚if;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHodk h qHk;jzwfcsufcsI/ jyeftyfEdkifonf//

93// // jynfaxmifpkOya'ðypm&if;wGif opfawmudpP/ owWwGif;udpP/ a&eHajrudpP/ owWKwl;az:ðyjyifa&;udpP/pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfydkifcGifh yg&Sdonfjzpfaoma-umifh/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHuoHk;pGJydkifcGifh&Sdaomtm%mrsm;udk oHk;pGJ&mY xdkopfawmrsm;/ owWKwGif;/ a&eHajrrsm;udk vkyfudkifoHk;pGJap&efaomf‚if;/ wdk;wufatmifðyap&efaomf‚if;/toHk;csap&efaomf‚if; vufrSwfudk/ odk hwnf;r[kwfvdkifpOfudk/ odk hwnf;r[kwftcGifhtm%mv$Jtyfaomtjcm;enf;udkxkwfray;rD/ xdkodk hxkwfay;aom tm%mydkifonf/ oufqdkif&mjynfemftwGufcef hxm;jcif;cH&aomjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if 0ef}uD;ESifhwdkifyif&rnf//· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “ 2 ”

94// // (1) ppfa-umifhjzpfap/ EdkifiHwGif;qlylr+a-umifhjzpfap/ jynfaxxmifpkEdkifiH.wnfwHhr+udk tEW&,fjzpfaptyfaom txl;ta&;w}uD;tajcjzpfay;ae_ yD[lIaomf‚if;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudkxdcdkufaeaompD;yGg;a&;ta&;w}uD;tajconf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkfiiH.wpdwfwa'oYay:aygufae_ yD[lIaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRwu (TtajccHOywGifta&;w}uD;a-ujimcsuf[k!Gefxm;aom) ausnmcsufw&yfudkxkwfjyefcJhaomf/ yl'fr 92 wGifrnfodk hyifqdkxm;apumr+/ jynfe,fOya'ðypm&if;wGif oD;jcm;a&wGufaz:jyxm;aom udpPwckckESifhpyfvsOf;I/ jynfe,fwe,ftwGufaomf‚if;/ Oya'rsm;udkðy&efygvDrefwGiftm%m&Sd&rnf// (2) TtajccHOya't&/ Oya'ðy&ef tm%m&Sdaomjynfe,faumifpD.tm%mudk/ Tyk'fr&Sdpum;

a-umifh/ csKwfcs,fjcif;rðy&/ odk h&mwGif jynfe,fw&m;Oya'. jyXmef;csufwckckonf/ Tyk'frt&Oya'ðy&eftm%m&SdaomygvDref. jynfaxmifpkw&m;Oya'&SdjyXmef;csufwckckESifhqef husifaecJhaomf/ jynfe,fw&m;Oya'twnfrðyrDujzpfap/ ðy_ yD;rSjzpfap/ twnffjzpfaeaomjynfaxmifpkw&m,;Oya'udkomv#ifvdkufem&rnf//jynfe,fw&m;Oya'onf jynfaxmifpkw&m;Oya'twnfjzpfaecdkuf/ jynfaxmifpkw&m;Oya'ESifhqef husifor#om/ tm%mysufjy,faeap&rnf// (3) ta&;w}uD;a-unmcsufudk= =

(u) aemufxyfa-unmcsufw&yfxkwfjyefI&kyfodrf;Edkifonf// (c) ajcmufvtcsdefumv rukefqHl;rD/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpfyfvHk;u qHk;jzwfjyXmef;Itwnf rðyv#if/ xdkajcmufvtcsdefumvukefqHk;aomtcg/ xdkausnmcsufonf tm%mewnf_ rJjcif; rS&yfpJ&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif xdka-unmcsuf tm%mqufvufwnfaeap&ef/ oabmwlaomqHk;jzwfjyXmef;csufudk/ yfvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;utwnf¹yv#if/ xdk htjyiftwnf¹ywdkif; / xdka-unmcsufonf &kyfodrf;jcif;rcH&ao;or#/ Tyk'frcGJt&/ xdka-unmcsuftm%mwnfaejcif;rS&yfpJ&rnfhae hrSpI aemufxyf 12v umvtwGufqufvuftm%mwnf&rnf// (4) ta&;w}uD;a-unmcsufxkwfjyefjcif;a-umifhomv#ifygvDrefuðyydkifcGifh&SdI xdkðyydkifcGifhtESifhtnDðyxm;aomw&m;Oya'onf/ xdka-unmcsuftm%mwnfjcif;rS &yfpJ_ yD;onfhaemufajcmufvtcsddefumvukefqHk;aomtcg/ tqdkygtcsdefumvrukefqHk;cifuðy_ yD;aom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfrðybJcsefcJhaomt&mrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;IrSwyg; /tusdK;roufa&muf&//

95// // jynfe,fESpfe,f./ odk hwnf;r[kwfESpfe,fxufydkaom jynfe,frsm;.jynfe,faumifpDrsm;onf/jynfe,fOya'ðypm&if;wGifoD;jcm;a&wGufaz:jyxm;aomudpPwckcktwGuf ygvDref.tufOya'jzifh/ xdkjynfe,frsm;wGifpnf;rsOf;owfrSwfay;oifhonf[laomtcsufudktvdk&Sdxdkufonf[kxifjrifcJhaomf/ xdk hjyifxdkjynfe,faumifpDrsm;u/ xdkodk htvdk&Sdonf[kqHk;jzwftwnfðycJhaomf/ ygvDrefonf/ xdkodk hpnf;rsOf;owfrSwfay;&eftwGuftufOya'wckudktwnfðyjyXmef;Edkif&rnf// odk h&mwGifxdkodk hjyXmef;vdkufaomtufOya'udk xdktufOya'ESifhoufqdkifonfhjynfe,few,fESifhpyfvsOf;I/ xdkjynfe,faumifpD.tufOya'ujyifEdkifonf// odk hwnf;r[kwf&kyfodrf;Edkifonf//

96// // (1) TtajccHOya'&SdpwkwÎZ,m;Y a&wGufaz:jyxm;aom tcGefxGufyif&ifrsm;rS &rnfh tcGefawmftm;vHk;onf jynfe,fYaomff‚if;/ jynfe,fuaomf‚if;/ aumufcH&&Sdaomjynfe,f.tcGefawmfaiGwGifyg0if&rnf (2) wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufyk'frcGJt&/ jynfe,frsm;odk hcGJa0v$Jtyfxm;aomtcGefawmfrsm;rSvGJItcGefawmftm;vHk;onf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmf.tcGefawmfwGifyg0if&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // TudpPtwGufcef hxm;aom tzGJ hwckck. odk hwnf;r[kwftjcm;tm%mydkifwckck.axmufcHcsufrsm;t&axmufyHh&ef vdktyfonf[k qHk;jzwfowfrSwfaom taxmuftyHhaiGrsm;udk/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmftpdk;t&onf rdrd.tcGefawmfrsm;rSxkwfI jynfaxmifpk tzGJ h0ifrsm;.tcGefawmfrsm;udk jznfhwif;aomtm;jzifh/ xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifrsm;.tpdk;&rsm;tm;ay;Edkifonf//

97// // (1) ukef;wyf/ a&wyf/ avwyfzGJ hpnf;xm;&SdaomtcGifhta&;onf/ ygvDrefYomwnf&Sd&rnf// (2) ygvDrefuzGJ hpnf;xm;&Sdaom ukef;wyf/ a&wyf/ avwyfrsm;rSwyg; rnfonfhukef;wyf/ a&wyf/avwyfudkr#aomf‚if;/ rnfonfhppfwyftpnf;t&Hk;udkr#aomf‚if;/ ppfwyfoabtcsdK ht0ufygaomf rnfonfhtpnf;t&Hk;udkr#aomf‚if;/ rnfonfhta-umif;udpPESifhr#/ rzGJ hrpnf;rxm;&Sd&/ odk h&mwGif_ idrf0yfydjym;a&;qdkif&mwm0ef0wW&m;oufoufudkom aqmif&Gufap&ef jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwckck. tcGifhtm%mt&xm;&Sdaom&mZ

0wftzGJ hudkr+um; zGJ hpnf;xm;&SdEdkifonf//

tydkif; 5 // Oytydkif; 5 // Oya'ðyjcif; //a'ðyjcif; //

98// //jynfol hvGwfawmfwGifpwifwifoGif;I/ xdkv$wfawmfuyiftwnfðyvdkufaom Oya'-urf;wdkif;udk/vlrsdK;pkvGwfawmfodk hwifydk h&rnf// xdkOya'-urf;onf aiGOya'-urf;r[kwfv#if/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfu jyifqifcsufðyEdkifI jynfol hv$wfawmfodk hpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef wifydk hEdkifonf//

99// // aiGOya'-urf;rsdK;rSwyg;/ tjcm;Oya'-urf;wdkif;udk vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwGifwifoGif;EdkifI/ xdkv$wfawmfutwnfðyvdkufv#if/ jynfol hv$wfawmfodk hwifydk h&rnf// jynfol hv$wfawmfujyifqifcsufðyEdkifI/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfodk h/ pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&efjyefydk hEdkifonf//

100// // v$wfawmfw&yfutwnfðyvdkufI/ tjcm;v$wfawmfuvufcHaomOya'-urf;udk/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u/ twnfðyonf[krSwf,l&rnf//

101// // tpdk;&.omrefESpfpOftoHk;pm&dwfrsm;twGuf/ tcGefawmfudk/ odk hwnf;r[kwfaiGudkowfrSwfay;aomOya'-urf;onf/ xdkodk howfrSwfcGJa0ay;aomtcsufrsm;Sifhomv#if/ oufqdkif&rnf//

102// // tcGefpnf;usyfa&;qdkif&mOya'-urf;rsm;onf/ tcGefpnf;usyfaomtcsufrsm;ESifhomoufqdkif&rnf/xdkOya'-urf;rsm;Yyg&Sdonfhtjcm;udpPrsm;qdkif&mjyXmef;csufrsm;udktusdK;oufa&mufjcif;rjzpfap&//

aiGOya'aiGOya'--urf;rsm; //urf;rsm; //

103// // aiGOya'-urf;rsm;udk/ jynfol hv$wfawmfYomv#if/ pwifwifoGif;&rnf//

104// // jynfol hv$wfawmfu twnfðyvdkufaom aiGOya'-urf;wdkif;udk/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfodk h/ t}uHay;ap&efwifydk h&rnf//

105// // (1) vlrsdK;pkv$wafwmfodk ht}uHay;ap&efwifydk haomaiGOya'-urf;wdkif;udk/ xdkv$wfawmfodk h wifydk h_ yD;onfhaemuf 21 &uftwGif;wGif/ jynfol hv$wafwmfodk hjyefydk h&rnf// jynfol hv$wfawmfonf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf.t}uHay;csuftm;vHk;udkaomf‚if;/ tcsdK hudkaomf‚if;/ vufcHEdkifonf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf y,fEdkifonf// (2) xdkuJhodk haomaiGOya'-urf;wdkif;udk/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfu jynfolv$wfawmfodk h 21 &uftwGif;wGifjyefrydk hv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfjynfol hv$wfawmfu vufrcHaomt}uHay;csufrsm;jzifh/ xdk 21 &uftwGif;wGifjyefydk hv#if/ xdkaiGOya'-urf;onf 21 &ufukefvGefaomtcg/ v$wfawnfESpf&yfvHk;.twnfðycsufudk &onf[krSwf,l&rnf//

106// // (1) aiGOya'-urf;plonfrSm/ atmufygudpPrsm;tm;vHk;ESifhaomf‚if;/ wckckESifhaomf‚if;/ oufqdkifonfhjyXmef;csufrsm;om yg0ifaomOya'-urf;udkqddkvkd konf// xdkudpPrsm;um; tcGedfawmfpnf;-uyfjcif;/ tcGefaawmf&kyfodrf;jcif;/ tcGefawmfcsrf;omcGifhay;jcif;/ tcGefawmfpHepfajymif;jcif;/ tcGefawmfpHepfpnf;rsOf;owfrSwfjcif;/odk hwnf;r[kwf aºuG;_ rDay;qyfjcif;twGufaomf‚if;/ tjcm;b¾ma&;udpPrsm;twGufaomf‚if;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.

tcGefawmfrS uscHap&efowfrSwfjcif;/ xdkodk haomowfrSwfcsufudkjyifjcif;/ xdkodk haomowfrSwfcsufudk&kyfodrf;jcif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwfcGifhðy&efyHk kaiGowfrSwfjcif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwfb¾mawmfaiGcGJa0oHk;pGJjcif;/ vufcHjcif;/ xdef;odrf;jcif;/ xkwfay;jcif;/ pm&if;ppfaq;jcif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf aiGacs;,ljcif;/ acs;,laiGtwGuftmrcHjcif;/ acs;,laiGudkjyefqyfjcif;/ xdkudpPrsm;ESifhaomf‚if;/ qufoG,fIjzpfay:vmaomudpPrsm;jzpfonf// (2) txufyk'frcGJ&Sd“tcGefawmpnf;usyfjcif;”/ “jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.tcGefawmf”/ “acs;,laiG” [laompum;&yftoDoD;,t"dyg,fwGif/ a'oEW&qdkif&mudpPrsm;twGuf/ a'oEW&qdkif&mtm%mydkifrsm;uaomf‚if;/ tzGJ hrsm;uaomf‚if;/ pnf;-uyfaomftcGef odk hwnf;r[kwf aumufcHaomb¾maiG odk hwnf;r[kwfacs;aiG/ rygacs//

107// // (1) jynfol hvGwfawmfOuUXonf/ rdrd.xifjrifcsufwGif/ aiGOya'-urf;[k,lqaom rnfonfhOya'-urf;udkrqdk/ aiGOya'-urf;[kwfrSefa-umif;axmufcHcsufay;&rnf// Tyk'frwGif qufvufyg&Sdonfh jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifv#if/ xdkaxmufcHcsufonft_ yD;tjywftwnfjzpf&rnf// (2) Oya'-urf;wcktm; aiGOya'-urf;[kwfr[kwf tcGifhta&;aumfrwDodk hwifjypOf;pm;ap&ef vlrsdK;

pkv$wfawmfonf/ trwfpkpkaygif;.oHk;yHkESpfyHkatmufrav#mhaom trwfrsm;wufa&mufonfh tpnf;a0;wckwGif twnfðyaomjyXmef;csufjzifh/ EdkifiHawmforRwtm;yef-um;Edkifonf// (3) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif;/ xdkyef-um;csufudk vdkufavsm&efqHk;jzwfv#if/tcGifhta&;aumfrwDwckudkcef h&rnf// xdkaumfrwDwGif jynfol hv$wfawmfESifhvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwdk hrs trwfOD;a&tnDtr#yg0if&rnfhtjyif/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfrSw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;udkvnf;/ obmywdtjzpfjzifhvnf;cef h&rnf// rJqENta&twGufwlnDaeaom udopPYomv#if obmywdY rJqENay;udkifcGihf&Sd&rnf// (4) xdkodk hcef htyfvdkufaomtcGifhta&;aumfrwDodk h EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ xdkjy\emudkay;ydk haxmufvSrf;&rnf// Oya'-urf;udkvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfodk hay;ydk h_ yD;onfhaemufwae hrSpI 21 &uftwGif;wGif xdkaumfrwDonf rdrd.,lqcsufudkEdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifoGif;tpDt&ifcH&rnf// (5) tpDt&ifcHcsufudktajcðyIEdkifiHawmforRwu rdrd.oabmtwdkif;csrSwfaomqHk;jzwfonf/ tjyD;tjywftwnfjzpf&rnf//

108// // EdkifiHawmforRwonf vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf. yef-um;csufudkrvdkufav#m[k rdrdoabmtwdkif;qHk;jzwfv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwftcGifhta&;aumfrwDonf txufygowfrSwfxm;aomtcsdeftwGif;wGif tpD&ifcH&efjyufuGufv#if/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUX.[kwfrSefa-umif;axmufcHcsufonf twnfjzpf_ rJjzpf&rnf//

109// // v$wfawmfw&yfutjcm;Oya'-urf;wckckudkwnfðyvdkufI/ tjcm;v$wfawmfuxdkOya'-urf;udky,fcsv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwftwnfðy&efysufuGufv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxdkOya'-urf;udkpwifwifoGif;onfhv$wfawmfuvufrcHaomjyifqifcsufrsm;jzifhtwnfðyvdkufv#if/ EdkifiHawmforRwonfv$wfawmfESpf&yf.wGJzuftpnf;ta0;udkusif;yap&rnf// wGJzuftpnf;ta0;odk hwufa&muf-uaomv$wfawmftrwfrsm;onf/ Oya'-urf;udkpwifwifoGif;aomv$wfawmfu twnfðyvdkufonfh Oya'-urf;ESifhwuG/ tjcm;v$wfawmfuðy_ yD;jzpfaomjyifqifcsufrsm;&Sdv#if/xdkjyifqifcsufrsm;udkyg/ pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;Edkif&ef rJqENay;&rnf/ tu,fItpnf;ta0;odk hwufa&mufrJay;-uaomv$wfawmfESpf&yftrwf pkpkaygif;.trwfrsm;&mu/ jyifqifcsufrsm;ygv#if/ xdkjyifqifcsufrsm;ygaom Oya'-urf;udktwnfðyvdkufaomf/ cdkOya'-urf;onf v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. twnfðycsufudk&,lonf[krSwf,l&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifwGJzuftpnf;ta0;Y= = (u) v$wfawmfw&yfutwnfðy_ yDd;jzpfaomOya'-urf;udk/ tjcm;v$wfawmfuy,fcsI/ pwifwifoGif;

aomv$wfawmfodk hjyefydk hv#if/ xdkOya'udktwnfðy&eftcsdef-uef h-umaoma-umifh ðytyfaomjyifqifcsufrsm;rSwyg;/ tjcm;rnfonfhjyifqifcsuiftqdkudkr#rwifoGif;&// (c) Oya'-urf;udktjcm;v$wfawmfw&yfu jyifqifcsufrsm;xnfhItwnfðy_ yD;aemuf pwifwifoGif;aomv$wfawmfodk hjyefydk hv#ifr+um;/ tydk'f (u) wGifaz:jycJhaomjyifqifcsuftqdkrsm;ESifh v$wfawmfESpf&yf oabmuGJvGJonfhtcsufrsm;ESifhqdkifaomjyifqifcsuftqdkrsm;udkwifoGif;&rnf// xdk hjyif/ Tyk'frt&cGifhðyxdkufaom jyifqifcsufrsm;ESifh pyfv#Of;Iobmywdtjzpfjzifh aqmif&Gufaomol.qHk;jzwfcsufonf t_ yD;tjywfjzpf&rnf//

110// // (1) ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;.nDvmcHr&Sdcdkuf/ rnfonfhtcgrsdK;Yrqdk/ EdkifiHawmforRwon/fcsufcsif;ta&;,l&efvdktyfaomudpPrsm; ay:aygufvmonf[k,lqv#if/ xdkudpPrsm;ay:aygufvmonfhtav#muf vdtyfonf[kxifjrifaom wcsufv$wfOya'rsm;udkxkwfjyefa-unmEdkifonf// Tyk'frt& xkwfjyefa-unmaomwcsufv$wfOya'onf/ EdkifiHawmforRwuoabmwl_ yD;jzpfaom ygvDref.tufOya'uJhodk h/ tusdK;oufa&mufItwnfjzpf&rnf// (2) xdkuJhodk haomwcsufv$wfOya'wdkif;udk óudwifEkwfodrf;xm;_ yD;r[kwfvsif/ xkwfjyefausnmonfhae hrspI/ 45 &uftwGif;Y/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ xdkwcsufv$wfOya'udkygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfESpf&yfvHk;odk hwifjy&rnf// jynfol hv$wfawmfjyefvnfpnf;a0;0nfhae hrS 15 &ufukefvGefaomtcgYjzpfap/ vlrsdK;pHkjyefvnfpnf;a0;aomae hrS 15 &ufukefvGefaomtcgYjzpfap/ aemufus&mae hwGif/ xdkwcsufv$wfOya'onf twnfjzpfaejcif;rS&yfpH&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifEdkifiHawmforRwonf/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;.oabmwlnDcsufjzifhxdkwcsufv$wfOya'udk/ vdktyfaomumvtydkif;tjcm;txd/ qufvuftwnfjzpfapEdkifonf//

(3) wcsufv$wfOya'xkwfjyefa-unmonfhae hrSpI 45 &uftwGif;YEkwfodrf;_ yD;uzpfv#if/ xdkwcsufv$wfOya'udk ygvDrefodk h/ qufvufusif;yvwWHaomnDvmcHwGifwifjy&rnf// (4) Tyk'frt&/ wcsufv$wfOya'wckwGif/ TtajccHOya't&/ ygvDrefurðyEddkifaom jyXmef;csufyg&Sdv#if/ yg&SdaomxdkjyXmef;csufonfysufjy,f&rnf//

vufrSwfxdk;jcif;ESifh xkwfjyefavufrSwfxdk;jcif;ESifh xkwfjyefa--unmjcif; //unmjcif; //111// // (1) Oya'-urf;wckudk ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u twnfðyvdkufonfESifh wòydifeuf/ xdkOya'-urf;udk Tyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD vufrSwfa&;xdk;&efESifh tufOya'w&yftjzpfjzifhxkwfjyefa-unm&efxdkOya'-urf;udk EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifjy&rnf// (2) TtajccHOya'Y/ tjcm;jyXmef;csufðyxm;jcif;r&Sdv#if/ rdrdxHodk hwifjyaomOya'-urf;wdkif;udk EdkifiHawmforwWonf /wifjy_ yD;onfh aemufwae hrSpI 7&ufatm ufaemufrusapbJ/ vufrSwfa&;xdk;&rnf// (3) Oya'-urf;wckckudk EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrdxHodk hwifjy_ yD;onfhaemufae hrSpI 7 &uftwGif;Y/vufrSwfrxdk;v#if xdkOya'-urf;onf/ 7 &ufajrmufaomae hwGif/ EdkifiHawmforRw.vufrSwfa&;xdk;csufudk &bdouJhodk htufOy'jzpfvm&rnf//

112// // (1) TtajccHOya't&/ EdkifiHawmforRwuvufrSwfa&;xdk;aom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfvufrSwfa&;xdk;_ yDonf[krSwf,ltyfaomOya'-urf;wdkif;onf/ Oya'-urf;udkvufrSwfa&;xdk;aom/ odk hhwnf;r[kwf vufrSwfxdk;_ yD;onf[krSwf,ltyfaomae hrSpI tufOya'jzpfvm&rnf// (2) xdkuJhodk haomOya'wdkif;udk/ EdkifiHawmforRw.trdef ht&/ tpdk;&jyefwrf;wGif xkwfjyefa-unm&rnf// xdktufOya'Y/ oD;jcm;!$ef-um;csufrygv#if/ xkwfjyefa-unmaomae hYtm%mwnf&rnf//

113// // EdkifiHawmforRwvufrSwfxdk;aom tufOya'rsm;ESifh wcsufv$wfOya'rsm;.pmr+rsm;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. twGif;0ef&Hk;wGifarmfuGef;wif&rnf// xdkpmr+rsm;onf tqdkygtufOya'. odk hwnf;r[kwf wcsufv$wfOya'.jyXmef;csufrsm;twGuf/ t_ yD;owfoufao taxmuftxm;jzpf&rnf//

tcef; 7 //tcef; 7 //

jynfaxmifpktpdk;& //·114// // EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtpdk;&tzGJ hudkyk'fr 56 t&cef hxm;aom0ef}uD;csKyfESifh0ef}uD;rsm;jzifhzGJ hpnf;&rnf//

115// // tpdk;&tzJG honf/ jynfol hv$wfawmftm;/ tzGJ hvdkufpkaygif;wm0efcH&rnf//··116// // tpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;wOD;onf/ ajcmufvr#wqufwnf;ygvDrefr[kwfv#if/ xdkumvtydkif;tjcm;ukefqHk;aomtcg/ tpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uDd;tjzpfrS&yfpJ&rnf//

117// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRw.vufodk hrdrd.EkwfxGufv$mudkay;tyfjcif;jzifh/ 0ef}uD;csKyfonf tcgra&G;/ &xl;rS/&mxl;rSSEkwfxGufEdkifonf// (2) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifoGif;ap&ef rdrdEkwfxGufv$mudk 0ef}uD;csKyfvufodk hay;tyfjcif;jzifh/ rnfonfhtpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;rqdk/ &mxl;rSEkwfxGufEdkifonf// wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'frcGJt& EdkifiHawmforRwuvufcHaomtcg xdkodk hEkwfxGufjcif;onftwnfjzpf&rnf// (3) 0ef}uD;csKyfut}uHay;cJhv#if/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf 0ef}uD;csKyf.EkwfxGufjcif;udkrSwyg;/ tjcm;rnfonfh0ef}uD;.EkwfxGufudkrqdkvufcH&rnf//

118// // 0ef}uD;csKyfonf/ rdrdoabmt& vHkavmufaomta-umif;rsm;&Sdonf[kxifjrifv#if/ tpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;wOD;tm; rnfonfhtcsdeftcgYrqdk/ &mxl;rSEkwfap&efawmif;qdkEdkifonf// tu,fI oufqdkif&m0ef}uD;onfxdkawmif;qdkcsuffudkvdkufemaqmif&Gufjcif;rðybJysufuGufcJhaomf/ xdk0ef}uD;tm;/ 0ef}uD;csKyfu&mxl;rS&yfpJa&eft}uHay;cJhv#if/ EdkiHawmforRwonf xdk0ef}uD;udk&mxl;rS&yfpJap&rnf//

119// // 0ef}uD;csKyfonf/ jynfol hv$wfawmfwGif trwfrsm;&m.axmufcHr+udkr&aomtcg/ &mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&rnf// odk h&mwGif 0ef}uD;csKyf.t}uHay;csuftwdkif;/ EdkifiHawmforRwu yk'fr 57 t&/ ygvDrefudkzsufodrf;I/xdkodk hzsufodrf;_ yD;aemuf/ ygvDrefudkwzefjyefvnfusif;ypnf;a0;aomtcg/ xdk0ef}uD;csKyfonfjynfol hv$wfawmfwGiftrwfrsm;&m. axmufcHr+udkjyefvnf&&Sdv#if/ rdrd.&mxl;rSjyefvnfEkwfxGuf&efrvdk//· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “ 2 ”·· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “ 8 ”

120// // (1) 0ef}uD;csKyfonf rnfonfhtcgYrqdk &mxl;rSEkwfxGufv#if 0ef}uD;rsm;onfvnf;/ rdrdwdk h.&mxl;rSEkwfxGufonf[krSwf,l&rnf// odk h&mwGif&mxl;rsm;YqufcHxrf;&Gufrnfh 0ef}uD;csKyfESifh0ef}uD;rsm;udkcef hxm;_ yD;onhfwdkifatmif/ vuf&Sd0ef}uD;csKyfESifh0ef}udD;rsm;onf/ rdrdwdk h.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkqufvufaqmif&Guf-u&

rnf// (2) ygvDrefudkzsufodrf;onfhae h&ufu &mxl;vuf&Sdjzpf-uaomtpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;rsm;onf/ &mxl;qufcHxrf;&Gufrnfh 0ef}ud;rsm;udkcef hxm;onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrdwdk h.&mxl;rsm;wGif qufvufwnf&Sdae-u&rnf//

121// // (1) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.tkyfcsKyfr+qdkif&m ta&;,laqmif&Gufcsuftm;vHk;udk jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmforRw. trnfjzifhta&;,lonf[k az:jy&rnf// (2) EdkifiHawmforRw.trnfjzifh xkwfjyefaom trdef hrsm;ESifhwuG pmc|efawmfrsm;udk/ EdkifiHawmforRwu jyXmef;onfhenf;Oya'rsm;wGifaz:jyxm;aomenf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD/ [kwfrSefa-umif;xif&Sm;ap&rnf//xdk hjyifxdk hodk h[kwfrSefa-umif;xif&Sm;atmifðyxm;aomtrdef h/ odk hwnf;r[kwfpmc|efawmfonf EdkifiHawmforRw.trdef h/ pmc|efawmfrsm;r[kwfaoma-umifh rcdkifvHk[kjiif;qdkydkifcGifhr&Sdap&// (3) rdrd.oabmtwdkif; aqmif&Guf&efTtajccHOya'u jyXmef;onfhr+cif;udpPrSvGJI/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&aqmif&Guftyfaom r+cif;udpPtwGuf‚if;/ tqdkygr+cif;udpPukd 0ef}uD;rsm;tm;cGJa0ay;&ef‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf enf;Oya'rsm;udkjyXmef;&rnf// txufujyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudkrxdcdkufapbJ/ wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udke,fajra'ovdkuf cGJa0Edkifonfhtjyif/ tpdk;&Xmeqdkif&mvkyfief;tvdkufvnf;cGJEdkifonf//

122// // TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifv#if/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf/ atmufygudpPrsm;odk houfa&mufjyef hESH honf// (u) ygvDrefuOya'ðyEdkifaomudpPrsm;// (c) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtywGifzGJ hpnf;I jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. oabmwlnDcsufjzifhjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmfwyfcsaeaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmfutoHk;ðy&ef/ v$Jtyfjcif;cH&aomvufeufudkifppfwyfrsm;udk xdkudpPtwGuf jynfaxmifcsif;csif;pmcsKyf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfoabmwlnDcsufwGifyg0ifaomjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhav#mfnDpGm tkyfcsKyf&efudpPrsm;// 123// // (1) ygvDref.oabmwlnDcsufudkr&bJ/ ppfrausnm&// jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHonfvnf;ppfxJYryg0if&// (2) odk h&mwGif tjyiftyrSxdyg;wdkufcdkufvmaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ xdkodk hxdyg;tHHhqJqJtcgYaomf‚if;/tpdk;&onfjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudkumuG,fapmifh&Smuf&efvdktyfonf[k,lpv#if/ vdktyfonf[k,lqonfhtwdkif;/ta&;,laqmif&GufEdkifonf// xdk hjyifygvDrefnDvmcHusif;yaeqJr[kwfv#if/ tv#iftjrefqHk;qifhac:I nDvmcHudkusif;yap&rnf//

124// // jynfwGif;a&;&m/ jynfaxmifcsif;csif;a&;&m tm;vHk;ESifhpyfvsOf;aomoabmxm;0g'rsm;udk0ef}uD;csKyfonf/ EdkifiHawmforRwtm;ta-umif;-um;ae&rnf//

125// // (1) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&onf/ b¾mawmfESpftwdkif; wESpftwGufjynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.t&rSef;ajcpm&if;ESifhtoHk;rSef;ajcpm&if;rsm;uðyI xdkpm&if;rsm;udk jynfol hv$wfawmfodk h pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef wifjy&rnf//

(2) toHk;rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;udpP/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. tcGefawmfcGJa0vsmxm;jcif;udpP/ xdkodk hwifjyjcif;/vsmxm;jcif;wdk hESifhoufqdkifaomudpPrsm;ESifhpyfv#Of;I/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfrsm;wGif/ vdkufem&rnfhvkyfief;pOfudk TtajccHOya'ujyXmef;xm;_ yD;r&Sdv#if/ w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDjyXmef;&rnf//

EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyf //EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyf //

126// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ 0ef}uD;csKyfutrnfwifoGif;aom w&m;v$wfawmfa&S haewOD;udk/ EdkifiH

awmfa&S haecsKyftcsKyftjzpfcef hxm;&rnf// (2) EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyf.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;rSm/ Oya'ESifhqdkifonfhudpPrsm;wGif/ tpdk;&t}uHay;&efjzpfonf// xdk hjyiftcgumvtm;av#mfpGm/ EdkifiHawmforRwuaqmif&Gufap&efvGJtyfaom/ Oya'ESifhqdkifonfhtjcm;wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkvnf; aqmif&Guf&efjzpfonf// 127// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifoGif;&efjzpfaom EkwfxGufpmudk0ef}uD;csKyftm; ay;tyfjcif;jzifh/ EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyfonf/ tcgra&G;&mxl;rSEkwfxGufEdkifonf// (2) 0ef}uD;csKyfonf/ vHkavmufaomta-umif;tcsufrsm;&Sdonf[kxifjrifv#if/ EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyftm;/ &mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&ef/ awmifqdkEdkifonf// (3) xdkawmif;qdkcsufudk EkdifiHawmfa&S haecsKyfurvdkufemcJhaomf/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ 0ef}uD;csKyfut}uHay;v#if/ EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyfudk&mxl;rS&yfpJap&rnf// (4) 0ef}uD;csKyfEkwfxGufaomftcg/ Edkifihawmfa&S haecsKyfonfvnf; rdrd.&mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&rnf// odk h&mwGif0ef}uD;csKyf.&mxl;udkqufcHrnfhyk*~dKvftm;/ cef hxm;onfhtcsdeftxd rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;uudkqufvufaqmif&GufEdkifonf// (5) TtajccHOya'&Sd txufujyXmef;cJhaomjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyf&mxl;ESifhwuG / EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyftm; ay;&rnfhvpmp&dwfwdk hudkw&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf//

EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyf //EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyf //128// // ygvDrefESifhjynfe,faumifpDrsm;.tcGifhtm%mjzifh/ xdk htjyiftcGifhtm%mt&/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&udk,fpm;aiGxkwfay;a&;udpPtm;vHk;udk}uD;-uyftkyfcsKyfap&ef‚if;/ pDrHcef hcGJ&aomaiGrsm;.pm&if;tm;vHk;udkppfaq;&ef‚if;/ EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyf&Sd&rnf//·129// // EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ 0ef}uD;csKyfESifh!d‡Edkif;wdkifyif_ yD;v#if/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. oabmwlcsuft&/ EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyfudkcef hxm;&rnf// &mxl;rSEkwfy,faomtcgYvnf; v$wfawmf0ef}uD;wOD;udk&mxl;rSEkwfy,faomenf;twdkif;/ xdkw&m;0ef}ud;udkEkwfy,f&mwGifvdktyfaomta-umif;rsdk;jzpfomv#if/Ekwfy,f&rnf// EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyfonf/ ygvDrefqdkif&mrnfonfhv$wfawmftrwfr#rjzpfap&/ tpdk;&Esifhoufqdkifonfjzpfap roufqdkifonfjzpfap/ vpmp&dwfa-u;aiG&aomtjcm;&mxl;XmeEW&wckckudkrcH,l&/ EdkifiHawmfpm&ifppfcsKyfonf/ rdrd&mxl;rS&yfpJaomtcg/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH./ odk hwnf;r[kwfjynfe,frsm;.tpdk;&vufatmufwGifaemufxyf&mxl;&,lEdkifcGifhr&Sd&//130// // jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH0efxrf;tm;vHk;ESifhpyfv#Of;I/ toHk;ac|wmjcif;/ &mxl;ta&twGufav#mhjcif;ðyaomtcgwGif/ EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyfonf rdrd.vpmudk av#mhap&efrdrdtvdktav#mufoabmrwlcJhaomf/ EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyfudkcef hxm;_ yD;rS/ ol.vpmudkaomf‚if;/ tcGifh,ljcif;ESifh/ odk hwnf;r[kwf yifpOf,ljcif;ESifh pyfv#Of;ItcGifhta&;rsm;udkaomf‚if;/ ol htusdK;epfematmifajymif;vJjcif;rðy&//

131// // EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyfonf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHESifhjynfe,frsm;. aiGpm&if;rsm;qdkif&mtpDt&ifcHpmrsm;udk w&m;Oya'uowfrSwfaz:jyxm;aomtcsdefumvrsm;wGif/ jynfol hv$wfawmfodk hwifjy&rnf//

132// // txufuaz:jycJhaomf jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyf&mxl;qdkif&mpnf;urf;csufrsm;udk w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf // · jyiffqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “ 2 ”

tcef; 8 //tcef; 8 //

jynfaxmifpk.w&m;pD&ifa&; //

133// // jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHw0SefvHk;Y/ w&m;pD&ifa&;udpPudk TtajccHOya't&aomf‚if;/ w&m;Oya't&aomf‚if;/ wnfaxmifxm;aom w&m;&Hk;rsm;wGif/ TtajccHOya'ESifhtnD/ odk hwnf;r[kwf w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDcef hxm;aom w&m;ol-uD;rsm;u pDrHtkyfcsKyf&rnf//

134// // w&m;&Hk;rsm;wGif/ r+vw&m;&Hk;rsm;ESifh t,lcHw&m;&Hk;rsm;[lI ESpfrsdK;yg0if&rnf// (u) r+vw&m;&Hk;rsm;wGif w&m;v$wfawmfyg0if&rnf/ w&m;Oya'jzifhrajymif;v$Jor#/ xdkw&m;v$wfawmfwGif/ r+vpD&ifydkifcGifhESifh t,lcHpD&ifydkifcGifhwdk h&SdI/ Oya'a-umif;ESifhjzpfap tr+csif;&mESifhjzpfap oufqdkifaomudpPjy\emwdk hudkpD&ifqHk;jzwf&eftm%mvnf;&Sd&rnf// (c) w&m;v$wfawmf.t}uD;tr+;udk“v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf”[kac:&rnf//

135// // (1) atmufygudpPrsm;twGuf/ w&m;v$wfawmfYomr+vpD&ifydkifcGifh tm%mrsm;&Sd&rnf// (u) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHucsKyfqdkaom jynfaxmifcsif;csif;pmcsKyfrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;Iay:aygufvmaomudpPrsm;// (c) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHESSSifh jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0if tjiif;jzpfyGg;aomudpPrsm; odk hwnf;r[kwf jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0iftcsif;csif;tjiif;jzpfyGg;aomudpPrsm;// (*) w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwfxm;aom tjcm;udpPrsm;&Sdv#ifvnf;xdkudpPrsm;// (2) rnfonfhvufatmufcHw&m;&Hk;Yrqdk r_ yD;rjywfjzpfaeao;aom tr+wr+wGif/ w&m;Oya'wckckonf TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;t& cdkifvHkonfrcdkifvHkonf[laomjy\emrsdK;/ ta&;,lavmufatmifay:aygufaeonf[k odk hwnf;r[kwfay:ayguf&ef ta-umif;&Sdonf[kw&m;v$wfawmfu ,Hk-unfauseyfcJhaomf/w&m;v$wfawmfonf xdktr+udkppfaq;&efrdrd.v$wfawmfodk hajymif;a&$ h, l&rnf//

136// // (1) aemufqHk;t_ yD;tjywf t,lcH0if&efjzpfaomw&m;&Hk;udk/ “w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf”[kac:&rnf// (2) w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.t}uD;tr+;udk“EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyf”[kac:&rnf// (3) TtajccHOya'&Sdtjcm;jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk hay;tyfxm;aomtm%mrsm;udk rxdcdkufapbJ/ xdk hjyifw&m;Oya'ujyXmef;xm;aom¹cGif;csufrsm; pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;ESifhrqef husifv#if/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfY w&m;v$wfawmf.pD&ifcsuftm;vHk;udkppfaq;qHk;jzwfEdkifaom t,lcHpD&ifydkifcGifhtm%mrsm;&Sd&rnf/ xdk hjyiftjcm;w&m;&Hk;rsm;. pD&ifcsufrsm;udk w&m;Oya'uowfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; ppfaq;qHk;jzwfEdkifaom t,lcHpD&ifydkifcGifhtm%mrsm;vnf;&Sd&rnf//

137// // w&m;Oya'wckonf tajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;t& cdkifvHkonfrcdkifvHkonf[laom jy\emay:aygufaeonfhtr+rsm;udk/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.t,lcHpD&ifydkifcGifhtm%mjzifh/ rpD&ifrqHk;jzwf&[krnfonfhw&m;Oua'rsdK;udkr#rðy&//

138// // w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. pD&ifcsufrsm;onf tr+tm;vHk;wGift_ yD;tjywfjzpfI/ t,lcH0ifcGifhr&Sdap&//

139// // (1) v$wfawmfcsKyf w&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifh‚if;/ v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifh‚if;/ TtajccHOya't& cef hxm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvfwdk honf atmufygtwdkif;opPmqdkIvufrSwfxdk;&rnf//

“u|Ekfyf= = = = = = = = = = = onf/ w&m;0ef}uD;csKyf (odk hwnf;r[kwf w&m;0ef}uD;) .wm0eftvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udkajzmifhrwfrSefuefpGm rsufESm}uD;i,fr&G,fraxmuf/ qENm/ a'gom/ b,m*wdrsm;odk hrvdkuf/ udk,fpGrf;&Sdor#^m%fpGrf;&Sdor# ausukefatmifxrf;&Gufygrnf// xdk hjyif u|Ekfyfonf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHaoya'ESifhwuGw&m;Oya'rsm;udk/ xdrf;odef;apmifha&Smufrnf[k av;eufwnf_ idrfpGma-unmI uwdopPmðyygonf// ” (2) EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfonf EdkifiHawmforRw.a&S harSmufwGif txufygtwdkfi;opPmqdkIvufrSwfxdk;&rnf// w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfESifhw&m;v$wfawmfqdkif&m w&m;0ef}uD;toDoD;onfvnf; EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf. a&S harSmufYaomf‚if; TudpPtwGufaqmif&GufEdkifrnfjzpfaomfw&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfrS 0gt&ifhqHk;w&m;0ef}uD;.a&S harSmufYaomf‚if; txufygtwdkif;opPmqdkIvufrSwfxdk;&rnf// (3) w&m;0ef}uD;wdkif;onf w&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifh wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkpwifraqmif&GufrD/ oppmqdkIvufrSwfxdk;&rnf// xdkodk hðyjcif;udkw&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifh cef hxm;_ yD;onfhaemufwae hrSpI 10 &ufatmufaemufrusaomae h&ufYaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRwu owfrSwfaomaemufwae hYaomf‚if;/ aqmif&Guf&rnf// (4) txufygtwdkif; opPmrqdkvdkI vuftrSwfrxdk;vdk[k jiif;qefaom odk hwnf;r[kwf ysufuGufaomw&m;0ef}uD;onf &mxl;udkvufrcHvdkjiif;y,f&ma&mufonf[kIrSwf,l&rnf//·140// // (1) EdkifiHawmftpdk;&0ef}uD;csKyfESifhnd‡Ed+if;wdkifyif_ yD;v#if/ ygvdrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yf wGJzuftpnf;ta0;.oabmwlcsufjzifh/ EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uDd;csKyfudkEdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkfi vufrSwfa&;xdk;wHqdyfcwfESdyfaomtrdef hpmjzifh/ cef hxm;&rnf// (2) EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&0ef}uD;csKyfwdk hESifh nd‡Ed+if;wdkifyif_ yD;v#if/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfwGJzuftpnf;ta0;. oabmwlcsufjzifh/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfESifhw&m;v$wfawmfqdkif&mw&m;0ef}uD;tm;vHk;udk EdkifiHawmforRwonf rdrdudk,fwdkifvufrSwfa&;xdk;wHqdyfcwfEdSyfaom trdef hpmjzifhcef hxm;&rnf//· jyifqifcsufcsufaemufqufwGJ “2”

141// // w&m;ol}uD;tm;vHk;onf. TtajccHOya'ESifh w&m;Oya'rsm;udkomvdkufemI/ rdrdwdk h.w&m;pD&ifr+tvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udkvGyfvyfpGmaqmif&GufEdkif&rnf//

142// // (1) wOD;wa,mufaomolonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkifaomf‚if; rdrd.rdbESpfyg;aomf‚if; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. tm%mydkifeufwGif arG;zGg;cJhI rdrdudk,fwdkif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHom;jzpfaomolr[kwfv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwf tenf;qHk; ig;ESpf xdkEdkifiH.EdkifiHom;rjzpfcJhbl;v#if/ xdk hjyif= = (u) tenf;qHk;ig;ESpf &efukefòrd h[dkufuGwfv$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;rjzpfcJhbl;v#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwftenf;qHk;ig;ESpf TtajcchOya't&wnfaxmifaomw&m;v$wfawmf. w&m;0ef}uD;rjzpfcJ hbl;v#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwf (c) tenf;qHk;wq,fhig;Espftr+vkdufvJ aqmif&GufcJhbl;aomw&m;v$wfawmfa&S haer[kwfv#ifxdkolonf v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfcef hxm;xdkufaomt&nftcsif;SESifhjynfhpHkjcif;r&Sdap&//

(2) wOD;wa,mufaomolonf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. EdkifiHom;r[kwfv#if/ xdk hjyif= = = (u) tenf;qHk;q,fESpftr+vdkufvJaqmif&GufcJhaom w&m;v$wfawmfa&S haer[kwfv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwf (c) jrefrmjynfYaom‚if; jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHYaom‚if;/ tenf;qHk;ig;ESpfc&dkifpuf&Sifw&m;ol}uD;. &mxl;atmuf redrfhaom odk hwnf;r[kwf &efukefòrd hawmfw&m;rw&m;&Hk; w&m;ol}uD;csKyf. &mxl;atmufredrfhaomw&m;Xme&mxl;wGif aqmif&GufcJholr[kwfv#if/xdkolonf v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfcef hxm;xdkufaom t&nftcsif;ESifhjynfhpHkjcif;r&Sdap& //

¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif (u) xdkolonfw&m;v$wfawmfa&S haer[kwfv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfw&m;Xme&mxl;wGif yXrt}udrfcef htyfpOftcguw&m;a&S haer[kwfcJhv#if/ xdk hjyif (c) tenf;qHk;wq,fhig;ESpf tr+vdkufvJaqmif&GufcJhbl;aom w&m;v$wfawmfa&S haer[kwfv#ifxdkolonfv$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf cef hxm;xdkufaomt&nftcsif;ESifhr&Sdap& // (3) Tyk'fr&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfonf pGyfpGJcsufudkwifjy&rnf// (4) oufqdkif&mv$wfawmftrwf pkpkaygif;.av;yHkwyHkatmuf rav#mhaomtrwfrsm;uwifjyygonf[k qHk;jzwfjyXmef;vufrSwfxdk;I ta-umif;-um;aomtcgrSmrSwyg;/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfwGifTyk'frt&wifjy&efjzpfaompGyfpGJcsuftqdkudk ta&;w,lðyIrpOf;pm;&// (5) v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;wufaomtrwfrsm;teuf/ trwfrsm;&muaxmufcHI/ qHk;jzwfjyXmef;csufcsaomftcgrSmrSwyg; xdkuJhodk haompGyfpGJcsuftqdkudkvufrcH&// (6) pGyfpGJcsufonf v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD; wOD;ESifhoufqdkifaeaomf/ xdkpGyfpGJcsufudktxl;cHkawmftzGJ hu pHkprf;ppfaq;&rnf// xdkcHkawmftzGJ hwGifEdkifiHawmforRwaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRwu rdrd.oabmtwdkif;cef hxm;aomyk*~dKvfwOD;aomf‚if;/ xdk hjyifvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,uESifh jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXwdk hvnf;yg0if&rnf? pGyfpGJcsufonf v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;ESihfoufqdkifaeaomf/ xdkpGyfpGJcsufudk txl;cHkawmftzGJ huppfaq;&rnf// xdkcHkawmftzGJ hwGifEdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf em,uESifhjynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXwdk hyg0if&rnf// (7) pGyfpGJcsufudk pHkprf;ppfaq;&mwGif/ pGyfpGJcsufwifjyjcif;cH&aom w&m;0ef}uD;Y rdrdudk,fwdkifaomf‚if;rdrd.udk,fpm';vS,ftjzpfaomf‚if;/ acsycGifh&Sd&rnf// (8) txl;cHkawmftzGJ honf pHkprf;ppfaq;_ yD;aemuf/ pGyfpGJcsufudkwifjycJhaomv$wfawmfodk htpD&ifcHpmwifjy&rnf// pGyfpGJcsufrxif&Sm;[ktxl;cHkawmf&Hk;tzGJ hutm;vHk;oabmwl,lqcJhaomf/ xdk,lqcsufonft_ yD;tjywftwnfjzpf&rnf// odk h&mwGifoabmuGJvGJaomtcgrsm;Yr+um;/ txl;w&m;cHkawmftzGJ h.tpD&ifcHpmudkygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u wGJzuftpnf;ta0;wGifpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&rnf// pGyfpGJcsufudkpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;_ yD;aemuf/ pGyfpGJcsufxif&Sm;onf[lI‚if;/ w&m;0ef}udd;.tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;jcif;onf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfrpGrf;raqmifEdkifjcif;onf/ &mxl;Yqufvufxrf;&Gufap&ef roifhrxdkufaom tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;jcif;rsdK;/ odk hwnf;r[kwfrpGrf;raqmifEdkifjcif;rsdK;jzpfonf[lI‚if;/ wGJzuftpnf;ta0;wufa&mufrJay;aomtrwfrsm;&mu/ tpnf;ta0;wGifaxmufcHIqHk;jzwfa-unmcJhaomf/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkifwHqdyfcwfESdyfaomtrdef hpmjzifh/ oufqdkif&mw&m;0ef}uD;udk &mxl;rSEkwfy,f&rnf//

144// // jynfaxxmifpkEdkifiH0efxrf;tm;vHk;ESifhpyfvsOf;I toHk;ac|wmjcif;/ &mxl;ta&twGufav#mhjcif;wdk hudkðyaomftcgwGif/ v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;onf odk hwnf;r[kwf v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;onf rdrd.vpmudkav#mhap&ef/ rdrdtvdktav#mufoabmrwlcJhaomf/ v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;udk odk hwnf;r[kwf v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uDdd;udkcef hxm;_ yD;rS/ ol.vpmudkaomf‚if; tcGifh,ljcif;ESifhodk hwnf;r[kwfyif&Sif,ljcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom tcGifhta&;rsm;udkaomf‚if;/ ol htusdK;epfematmifajymif;vJjcif;rðy&//

145// // EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf&mxl;aomf‚if;/ v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf&mxl;aomf‚if;/ vpfvyfaomftcg/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxdkEdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfaomf‚if; xdkv$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfaomf‚if; tvkyfcGifYr&Sdaoma-umifhjzpfap/ tjcm;ta-umif;wckcka-umifhjzpfap/ rdrd.&mxl;qdkif&m wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkraqmif&GufEdkifcJhv#if/ xdkwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk/ vpfvyfaom&mxl;wGifcef hxm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvfu0ifa&mufxrf;&Gufonfhwdkifatmif/ odk hwnf;r[kwfEdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfuaomf‚if; v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfuaomf‚if;/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkjyrfvnfaqmif&Gufonfhwdkifatmif/ EdkifiHawmforRwu/ xdkudpPtwGufcef hxm;aom w&m;

v$wfawmfcsKyfqdkif&mtjcm;w&m;0ef}uD;uaomf‚if;/ ta-umif;tm;av#mfpGmaqmif&Guf&rnf//

146// // (1) wcgw&H w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfwGif w&m;0ef}uD;&mxl;wckaomf‚if; trsm;aomf‚if;/vpfvyf.//wcgw&Hw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;aomf‚if; trsm;aomf‚if;/ emzsm;rusef;jzpfaoma-umifhjzpfap/ cGifh,laoma-umifhjzpfap/ tufOya'jzifh/ odk hwnf;r[kwftjcm;wenf;enf;jzifhcGJa0v$Jtyfxm;aomtjcm;wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkaqmif&Gufaeaomfa-umifhjzpfap/ tvkyfcGifodk hrwufra&mufEdkifjzpf. wcgw&Hw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;aomf‚if;/trsm;aomf‚if;/ t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;. xdktcgwrsdK;rsdK;wGif w&m;cGifYw&m;pD&if&efaomf‚if;/ w&m;udkqufvufpD&if&efaomf‚if;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;txrajrmufEdkifatmif/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfY/ w&m;0ef}uD;OD;a&taphtiSr&Sdjzpf. // xdkodk hjzpfaomtcg EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfonf odk hwnf;r[kwfacwWEdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfon/f odk hwnf;r[kwfxdkyk*~dKvfESpfOD;r&Sdcdkufjzpfv#if/ w&m;0ef}uD;rsm;xJrS 0gt&ifhqHk;jzpfaomw&m;0ef}uDonf/vdktyfaomumvtydkif;tjcm;twGuf v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;wODd;tm; w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;cGifodk h wufa&mufyg0ifEdkifap&ef/ trnfxkwfaz:I/ pmjzifha&;om;qifhqdkEdkifonf// (2) xdkodk hqifhqdkjcif;cH&aomv$wfawmf w&m;0ef}uD;onf/ rdrd.&mxl;qdkif&mwm0ef0wW&m;xuf w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfqdkif&m/ wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk tOD;tzsm;xm;um aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfaom-umifh/ w&m;pD&if&efvdktyfaomtcsdefY‚if;/ w&m;pD&if&efvdktyfaomumvtydkif;tjcm;twGif;Y‚if;/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.w&m;cGifodk hwufa&mufw&m;pD&if&rnf// xdkodk hwufa&mufw&m;pD&if&mwGif xdkw&m;0ef}uD;onf/ v$wfawmfcsKyf w&m;0ef}uD;rsm;.tm%mrsm;ESifhtcGifhta&;rsm;udk&&Sdrnfhtjyif/ wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkvnf;/ aqmif&Guf&rnf//

147// //v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;&mxl;wckvpfvyfcJhaomf odk hwnf;r[kwfv$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;onftvkyfcGifY r&dSaoma-umifh‚if;tjcm;ta-umif;wckcka-umifhaomf‚if;/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkraqmif&GufEdkifcJhaomf/ EdkififawmforRwonft&nftcsif;ESifhjynfhpHkaomyk*~dKvfwOD;tm;/ v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;tjzpfjzifhacwWaqmif&Gufap&ef rdrd.oab,twdkif;cef hxm;Edkifonf// TtajccHOya'&Sdyk'fr 140/ yk'frcGJ (2) t&/ cef hxm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvfonf/ txufygvpfvyfcJhaom&mxl;wGif 0if&mufxrf;&Gufonfhwdkifatmif/ odk hwnf;r[kwf t_ rJwrf;w&m;0ef}uD;onf rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkjyefvnfaqmif&Gufonfhwdkifatmif/ EdkifiHawmforRwu rdrd.oabmtwdkfi; xdkyk*~dKvftm;/ &mxl;rSrEkwfodrf;ao;or# txufygcef hxm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvfonf/v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;jzpfonf[krSwf,l&rnf//

148// // w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfEsifhw&m;v$wfawmfwdk honf/ armfuGef;&Hk;rsm;jzpf&rnf// xdkv$wfawmfrsm;onf/jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.òrd hawmfwGif&Hk;pdkuf-u&rnfhtjyifEdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfESifh !‡dEd+if;wdkifyif_ yD;aemuf/ EdkifiHawmforwWu tcgumvtm;av#mfpGm owfrSwfaomae&mYvnf;/ odk hwnf;r[kwfae&mrsm;Yvnf;&Hk;pdkuf-u&rnf//

¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifw&m;v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;onf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfwOD;xufydkaomw&m;v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;rsm;onf/ EdkifiHawmforRwu EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfESifh !‡dE+dif;wdkifyif_ yD;aemuf tcgumvtm;av#mfpGm owfrSwfaom&Srf;jynfe,f&Sdae&mwae&mY&Hk;xdkif&rnf//

149// // w&m;&Hk;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I/ TtajccHOya'&Sd txufuaz:jycJhaom jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapb/JatmufygudpPrsm;udk w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDowfrSwf&rnf// (u) bk&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfESifhw&m;v$wfawmfwdk htwGuf/ w&m;0ef}uD;OD;a&owfrSwfa&;udpP/ w&m;0ef}uD;rsm;.vpmaiG/ t_ idrf;pm;,laomtouft&G,fESifh yif&SifvpmaiGudpPrsm;// xdk hjyif

(c) w&m;&Hk;rsm;udkwnfaxmifzGJ hpnf;jcif;/ w&m;&Hk;rsm;ESifhw&m;ol}uD;rsm;tm;/ vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udkcGJa0ay;jcif;/ xdkw&m;&Hk;/ xdkw&m;ol}uD;rsm;.pD&ifydkifcGifhrsm;/ vkyfief;pOfqdkfi&mudpPrsm;//

150// // (1) w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.xifjrif,lqcsufudk,l&avmufatmif jynfolrsm;twGufta&;}uD;onf[laom Oya'a-umif;qdkif&mjy\emw&yfay:aygufvmonf[kaomf‚if;/ ay:ayguf&efta-umif;&Sdonf[kaomf‚if;/EdkifiHawmforRwonf rnfonfhtcgYrqdkxifjrif,lqcJhaomf/ xdkjy\emudk pOf;pm;ap&efw&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodkh v$JtyfEdkifonf// w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfuvnf;/ xdkjy\EsifhpufvsOf;I avsmfuefoifhjrwfonfhtwdkif; -um;emppfaq;_ yD;aemuf/ edkifiHawmforRwxHtpD&ifcHEdkif&rnf/] (2) xdkjy\emudk-um;emppfaq;pOfu/ yg0ifaqmif&Guf-uaomw&m;0ef}uD;rsm;&m. oabmudkufnDcsufjzifh w&m;cGifwGiftxift&Sm;csrSwfaomxifjrif,lqcsufESifhtnD Tyk'frt& tpDt&ifcHonfrSwyg;/ rnfodk hr#tpD&ifrcH&/ odk h&mwGifw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;ODd;.oabmuGJvGJaomxifjrif,lqcsufudkr+um;/ Tyk'frcGJ&Sdpum;a-umifh/ xkwfaz:a&;om;cGifhrðy[krrSwf,l&//

152// // w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfuqHk;jzwfa-unmvdkufaomw&m;Oya'onf jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. tm%mydkifeuftwGif;&Sd w&m;&Hk;tm;vHk;tay:wGif oufqdkifEdkifor#oufqdkifonftxd/ tm%mwnfonf[lI‚if;/ xdkw&m;&Hk;rsm;uvdkufem&rnf[lI‚if;/ todtrSwfðy&rnf//

153// // TtajccHOya't&ay;tyfxm;aomw&m;pD&ifydkifcGiftm%mudk/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu ydkrdkxda&mufpGm oHk;pGJEdkifapjcif;tvdk hiSm/ vdktyfonf[k odk hwnf;r[kwftvdk&Sdxdkufonf[kxifjrif,lqEdkifI/ TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;rnDr!Gwfrjzpfaomxyfjznfhtm%mrsm;udk/ w&m;v$wafwmfcsKyftm;ay;&ef/ ygvDrefonf/ tufOya'jzifhjyXmef;Edkifonf//

tcef; 9 /tcef; 9 ///

tydkif; 1// &Srf;jynfe,f //

&Srf;jynfe,faumifpD //

·154// // (1) ygvDref.&Srfljynfe,fqdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifonfh &Srf;jynfe,faumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf// (2) vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfY yg0ifrnfh&Srf;jynfe,fqdkif&mtrwftm;vHk;udk &Srf;jynfe,f.apmfbGm;rsm;onfjynfol hv$wfawmfwGiftrwfjzpfEdkficGifhr&Sdap&// (3) ygvDreftrwftjzpfrS&yfpJaomjynfe,faumifpDtrwfonf/ aumifpDYvnf; aumifpDtrwftjzpfrS&yfpJonf[krSwf,l&rnf// odk h&mwGifxdkaumifpDtrwfonf/ rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudk a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf_ yD;onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&GufEdkifonf//

155// // jynfe,faumifpDonf/ rdrdudk,fydkifOya'ðyydkifcGifhr&SdaomudpPESifh oufqdkifonfhOya'rsm;udkðyay;&ef/ygvDrefodk haxmufcHcsufwifoGif;Edkifonf//

156// // jynfe,faumifpDonf/ Oya'-urf;wckudktwnfðy_ yD;aomtcg/ xdkOya'-urf;wckudkvufrSwfxdk;I

xkwfjyefa-unmay;&ef EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifoGif;&rnf// EdkifiHawmforRwonf tqdkygOya'-urf;ESifhpyfvsOf;I/ wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmuftyk'frt& w&m;v$wfawmfcsKwf.qHk;jzwfcsufudk ar;jref;awmif;qdkjcif;rðyv#if/ xdkOya'-urf;udkwifoGif;onfrSpI wvtwGif;wGif/ vufrSwfxdk;&rnf//

157// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk h wqufwnf;jzpfaom twufyk'frt&wifoGif;aomOya'-urf;onf odk hwnf;r[kwf xdkOya'-urf;.wpdwfa'oonf/ TtajccHOya'ESifhqef husifonf rqef husifonf[laom jy\emudkqHk;jzwfay;&ef/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif; w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk h/ xdkOya'-urf;udkv$JtyfEdkifonf//· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “9”

(2) v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uDd;oHk;ODd;atmufrtenf;yg0ifaomcHkv$wfawmfonf/ v$Jtyfaaomjy\emudkpOff;pm;&rnf// v$Jtyfaomjy\emudkoifhjrwfav#mfuefonf[kxifjrifonfhtwdkif;-um;empOf;pm;_ yD;aomtcg/ xdkjy\emESifhpyfvsOf;I/ v$Jtyf_ yD;onfhaemuf/ &ufaygif; 30 atmufaemufrusapbJ/ rdrdwdk h.qHk;jzwfcsufudk vsifjrefor#vsOfjrefpGm w&m;&Hk;wGiftxift&Sm;a-ujim&rnf// Tyk'fr.udpPrsm;tvdkiSm/ w&m;0ef}uD;rsm;&m. qHk;jzwfcsufonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.qHk;jzwfcsufjzpf&rnf// (3) Tyk'frt&/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk hv$JtyfaomOya'-urf;&SdjyXmef;csufonf// TtajccHOya'ESifhqef husifonf[kw&m;v$wfawmfuqHk;jzwfaomfudpPwdkif;Y/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf xdkOya'-urf;udkjyefvnfpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef jynfe,faumifpDodk hwifydk hrnf/ jynfe,faumifpDu vdktyfaomjyifpOfcsufrsm;udkrðyv#if/EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ xdkOya'-urf;udkvufrSwfrxdk;[kjiif;qdk&rnf// (4) xdkodk hjiif;bG,fr&Sdv#if EdkifiHawmforRonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfutqHk;tjzwfudkxkwfaz:a-unm_ yD;onfhaemuf/v#ifjrefEdkifor#v#ifjrefpGmxdkOya'-urf;udk vufrSwfxdk;I/ tufOya'jzpfvma-umif;xkwfjyefa-unm&rnf// (5) wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufyk'frt& wifoGif;aomOya'-urf;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk hrv$JrtyfbJESifhjzpfap/ v$Jtyf_ yD;rS_ zpfap/ EdkifiHawmforRwu/ vyfrSwfxdk;cJh _ yD;v#if/ jynfe,faumifpDu ðyydkifcGifhr&Sd[laomta-umif;jycsufjzifh/ xdkOya'-urf;&SdjyXmef;csufonfrcdkifvHk[kjiif;qdkjcif;rðy&//

158// // EdkifiHawmforRwvufrSwfxdk;aom jynfe,faumifpDtufOya'pmr+wdkif;udkw&m;vGwfawmfcsKyf.twGif;0ef&Hk;YarmfuGef;wif&rnf// rdwWLwdkif;udkvnf;/ &Srf;jynfe,f0ef}uD;&Hk;YarmfuGef;wif&rnf//

159// // &Srf;jynfe,fOuUXonf/ tcgumvtm;av#mfpGmjynfe,faumifpDudkqifhac:Edkifonf/ &kodrf;Edkifonf/ odk h&mwGifjynfe,faumifpD.nDvmcHudkESpfpOfwESpfv#iftenf;qHkk;w}udrfusif;y&rnf// xdkodk husif;yaomtcg/ jynfe,faumifpDnDvmcH.yXrtpnf;ta0;wdk h.pyf-um;wGif 12 vjcm;raeap&//

&Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;& //&Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;& //

160// // 0ef}uD;csKyfonf &Srf;jynfe,faumifpDESifh!‡dE+dif;wdkifyifI/ ygvDref. &Srf;jynfe,fqdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;teuf/ trwfwOd;OD;/.trnfudk wifoGif;aomtcg/ xdkodk htrnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aomtrwfudkEdkifiHawmforRwonf atmufwGif “&Srf;jynfe,f0ef}uD;”[kac:wGif&rnfjzpfaomjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if 0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifhcef hxm;&rnf// xdkodk hcef hxm;jcif;cH&aom0ef}uD;onf/ TtajccHOya'.udpPrsm;twGuf &Srf;jynfe,fOuUXvnf;jzpf&rnf//

161// //(1) &Srf;jynfe,fOuUXonf &Srf;jynfe,fpD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;udpPudkwm0ef,lIaqmif&Guf&rnf// qdkvdk&if;rSm/ &Srf;jynfe,fOuUXonfwdkuf&dkufjzpfap/ vufatmufcHt&m&Sdrsm;rSwqifhjzpfap/ jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfr+ tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJEdkif&rnf// (2) wqufwnf;jzpfaom atmufyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudkrxdcdkufapbJ/ qdkcJhaomtkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxl;r+xrf;rsm;cef hxm;jcif;/ ae&mcsjcif;/ a&$ hajymif;ay;jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;pnf;urf;ao0yfjcif;udpPtm;vHk;odk houfa&mufysHESH h&rnf//

162// // (1) TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,f.tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monfjynfe,faumifpDuOya'ðyydkifaom udpPrsm;odk houfa&mufjyef hESH honf// tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJ&mwGif/ jynfe,fOuUXonfaumifpD.qHk;jzwfcsufudkvdkufem&rnf// (2) jynfe,fqdkif&m tjcm;udpPtm;vHk;wGif/ jynfe,fOuUXonf jynfe,faumifpDESifh!‡dEdkif;wdkifyif&rnf// (3) &Srf;jynfe,faumifpD.qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifhxifjrifcsufrsm;udk jynfe,fOuUXxHodk hwifjy&mwGifvG,fulpdrfhaomiSm/ jynfe,faumifpDonf a&G;aumifyGJ_ yD;onfhaemuf/ yxrt}udrfusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;wGif/aumifpDtrwfrsm;xJrSaomf‚if;/ aumifpDtyrwfr[kwfolrsm;xJrSaomf‚if; a&G;cs,f&jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ hudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf// xdktpdk;&tzGJ honfjynfe,fOuUXudktvkyf0wW&m;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGifulnD&ef/ t}uHay;&efjzpfonf//

163// // jynfe,fOuUXonf jynfe,faumifpD.omrefnDvmcHusif;yaomtcgrsm;Y/ rdrdaqmif&GufcJhaomvkyfief;aqmifwmta-umif;udkajym-um;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfajym-um;ap&rnf// &Srf;jynfe,fudpPtm;mvHk;ESifhoufqdkifaomtpD&ifcHpmudkwifoGif;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfwifoGif;ap&rnf// jynfe,f.tusdK;pD;yGm;wdkk;wuf&mwdk;wufa-umif;jzpfonf[kxifjrif,lqaompDrHcsufrsm;udk pOfpm;aqG;aEG;ap&efjynfe,faumifpDtm;axmufcHt}uH;ay;&rnf//·164// // (1)jynfe,fOuUXonf b¾mawmfESpfwdkif;wESpftwGuf/ jynfe,fqdkif&mt&rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;ESifhtoHk;rSef;ajcaigpm&if;rsm;udkðy&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfðyap&rnf// xdkaiGpm&if;rsm;udkpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef jynfe,faumifpDodk hwifoGif;&rnf// (2) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. axmuftyHaiGESifhpyfvsOf;I/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&uowfrSwfaompnf;urf;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,faumifpDonf jynfe,f.bwfcsufudkvufcHtwnfðyEdkif&eftm%m&Sd&rnf// xdkpnf;urf;csufrsm;twdkif;/ jynfe,faumifpDu usepGmvdkufema-umif;EdkifiHawmforRwtm;/ auseyfEdkifap&efjynfe,f.bwfcsufudk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. bwfcsufwGif/ xnfhoGif;az:jy&rnf//· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “2”

165// // TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapb/J jynfe,fOuUX/ jynfe,faumifpD/ jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ hwdk h. tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPrsm;/ xdk hjyifxdkOuUX/ cdkaumifpD/ xdktpdk;&tzGJ hwdk hESifhjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ hwdk h.qufqHa&;udpPrsm;yg0ifaom jynfe,f.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'qdkif&mudpPtm;vHk;udk w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf//

tydkif; 2 // ucsifjynfe,f //tydkif; 2 // ucsifjynfe,f //

ucsifjynfe,faumifpD //

166// // (1) ygvDref.ucsifjynfe,fqdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifonfh ucsifjynfe,faumfpDudkzGJpnf;&rnf// (2) vlrsdkK;pkv$wfawmfY ucsifjynfe,ftwGufowfrSwfxm;aomtrwfae&m 12 ae&mteuf/ 6ae&mudkucsifjynfe,frSucsiftrsdK;om;rsm;.udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;jznfhoGif;&rnf// tjcm; 6 ae&mudkucsifjynfe,frSucsiftrdsK;om;r[kwfolrsm;.udkpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;jzifhjznfhoGif;&rnf (3) ygvDreftrwftjzpfrS&yfpJaomjynfe,faumifpDtrwfonf/ aumifpDYvnf;aumifpDtrwftjzpfrS&yfpJonf[krSwf,l&rnf// odk h&mwGifxdkaumifpDtrwfonf/ rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudk a&G;aumifwifajr‡muf_ yD;onfhwdkifatmif rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkqufvufaqmif&GufEdkifonf//

167// // (1) TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJumvu/ ucsiftrsdK;om;rsm;onf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfucsiftrdsK;om;r[kwfaomtrsdK;om;rsm;onf vlwef;pm;tjzpfjzihfaom‚if;/ vlrsdK;pktjzpfjzifhaomf‚if;/ cHpm;cJh-uaomtcGifhta&;rsm;udkxdcdkufepfemaponfh Oya'-urf;onf/ tpnf;t0;wufa&mufrJay;aom/ ucsiftrsdK;om;rsm;. udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;&muaomf‚if;/ oufqdkif&muaxmufcHIrJay;jcif;rðyv#if/ jynfe,faumifpD.twnfcsufudk&,lonf[krrSwf,l&// (2) jynfe,faumifpDwGif/ Oya'-urf;wckonf/ wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufyk'frcGJwGif az:jyonfhoabmrsdK; oufa&mufaomOya'-urf; [kwfr[kwftjiif;jzpfyGg;cJhaom/ obmywdonf/ xdktjiif;jzpfyGg;r+EsifhpyfvsOf;I jynfe,faumifpD0ifucsiftrsdK;om;rsm;./ udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;ESifh/ ucsiftrsdK;om;r[kwfolrsm;.udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;tm;/ woD;wjcm;pD rJqENay;ap&rnf// ucsiftrsdK;om;. udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;&muaomf‚if;/ ucsiftrsdK;om;r[kwfolrsm;.udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;uaomf‚if;/ oufqdkif&muaxmufcHIrJay;cJhaom/ xdkOya'-urf;onfaz:jycJhaomabmrsdK;oufa&mufonfhOya'-urf;jzpfonf[krSwf,l&rnf//

168// // jynfe,faumifpDonf/ rdrdudk,fydkifOya'ðyydkifcGifhr&SdaomudpPESifhoufqdkifonfhOya'rsmm;udkðyay;&ef/ygvDrefodk haxmufcHcsufwifoGif;Edkifonf//

169// // jynfe,faumifpDonf/ Oya'-urf;wckudktwnfðy_ yD;aomtcg /xdkOya'-urf;udkvufrSwfxdk;Ixkwfjyefa-unmay;&ef EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifoGif;&rnf// EdkifiHawmforRwonftqdkygOya'-urf;ESifhpyfvsOf;I wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'frt&/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.qhk;jzwfcsufudkar;jref;awmif;qdkjcif;rðyv#if/xdkOya'-urf;udk wifoGif;onfrSpIwvtwGif;wGifvufrSwfa&;xdk;&rnf//

170// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk h wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'frt&wifoGif;aomOya'-urf;onf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxdkOya'-urf;.wpdwfwa'oonf/ TtajccHOya'ESifhqef husifonf/ rqef husifonf[laomjy\emudkqHk;jzwfay;&ef/ w&m;vGwfawmfcsKyfodk hEdkifihawmforRwonf/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif; xdkOya'-urf;udkv$JtyfEdkifonf// (2) v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;oHk;OD;atmufrenf;yg0ifaomcHkawmfonf v$Jtyfaomjy\emudkpOf;pm;&rnf// v$Jtyfaomjy\emudkoifhjrwfav#mfuefonf[k xifjrifonfhtwdkif; -um;emppfaq;pOf;pm;_ yD;aemuf/xdkjy\emESifhpyfvsOf;I vGJtyf_ yD;onfhaemuf&ufaygif; 30 atmufaemufrusapbJ/ rdrdwdk h.qHk;jzwfcsufudkvsifjrefEdkifor#vsifjrefpGm w&m;&Hk;wGiftxift&Sm;a-ujim&rnf// Tyk'fr.udpPrsm;tvdk hiSm/ w&m;0ef}uD;rsm;&m.qHk;jzwfcsufonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. qHk;jzwfcsufjzpf&rnf//

(3) Tyk'frt& w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk hv$JtyfaomOya'-urf;&Sd jyXmef;csufonf/ TtajccHOya'ESifhqef husifonf[k w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfuqHk;jzwfaomfudpPwdkif;Y/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ xdkOya'-urf;udkjyefvnfpOfpm;aqG;EG;ap&ef jynfe,faumifpDodk hjyefydk h&rnf/ jynfe,faumifpDuvdktyfaomjyifqifcsufrsm;udkrðyv#if/EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ xdkOya'-urf;udkvufrSwfrxdk;[k jiif;qdk&rnf//

(4) Todk hjiif;qdkbG,fr&Sdv#if/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu tqHk;tjzwfudkxkwfaz:a-ujim_ yD;onfhaemuf/ vsifjrefEDkifor#vsifjrefpGm xdkOya'-urf;udkvufrSwfxdk;I/ tufOya'jzpfvma-umif;xkwfjyefa-unm&rnf// (5) wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufyk'frt&wifoGif;aom Oya'-urf;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk hrv$JrtyfbJESifhjzpfap/ v$Jtyf_ yD;rSjzpfap/ EdkifiHawmfprRwuvufrSwfxdk;cJh_ yD;v#if/ jynfe,faumifpDuðyydkifcGifhr&Sd[laomta-umif;jycsufjzifh/ xdkOya'&SdjyXmef;csufonfrcdkifvHk[kjiifqdkjcif;rðy&//

170// // EdkifiHawmforRw vufrSwfxdk;aom jynfe,faumifpD tufya'pmr+wdkif;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyftwGif;0ef&Hk;YarmfuGef;wif&rnf//

172// // ucsifjynfe,fOuUXonf/ tcgumvtm;av#mfpGmjynfe,faumifpDudkqifhac:Edkifonf/ &kyfodrf;Edkifonf/ odk h&mwGif jynfe,faumifpD.nDvmcHudk ESpfpOfwESpfv#if tenf;qHk;w}udrfusif;y&rnf// xdkodk husif;yaomtcg jynfe,faumifpD ndvmcH.yXrtpD;ta0;wdk h.pyf-um;wGif 12 vjcm;raeap&//

ucsifjynfe,ftpdk;& //ucsifjynfe,ftpdk;& //

173// // 0ef}uD;cskyfonf/ ucsifjynfe,faumifpDESifh!d‡Ed+if;wdkfyifI/ ygvDref.ucsifjynfe,fqdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;teuf ucsiftrwfwOD;.trnfudkwifoGif;aomtcg/ xdkodk htrnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aomtrwffudkEdkifiHawmforRwonf “ucsifjynfe,f0ef}uD;”[kac:wGif&rnfhjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;onf/ TtajccHOya'.udpPrsm;twGuf ucsifjynfe,fOuUXvnf;jzpf&rnf//

174// // (1) ucsifjynfe,fOuUXonf/ ucsifjynfe,f pD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;udpPudkwm0ef,laqmif&Guf&rnf//qdkvdk&if;rSm ucsifjynfe,fOuUXonf wdkif&dkufjzpfap/ vufatmufcHt&m&Sdrsm;rSwqifhjzpfap/ jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJEDkif&rnf//

(2) wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudkrxdcdkufapbJ/ qdkcJhomtkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf/ jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;cHhxm;jcif;/ ae&mcsjcif;/ a&$ hajymif;ay;jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;r+xrf;rsm; pnf;urf;ao0yfjcif;udpPtm;vHk;odk houfa&mufjkyef hESH h&rnf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif ucsiftrsdK;om;r[kwfolrsm;&mwdk haexdkifaoma'orsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I/ jynfe,fOuUXonf tqdkygudpPtm;vHk;wGif tpdk;&tzGJ h0ifrsm;teuf ucsiftrsdK;om; r[kwfolrsm;.udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh !d‡Ed+;wdkifyifIomv#if/ aqmif&Guf&rnf//

175// // (1) TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,f.tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf/jynfe,faumifpDw&m;Oya'ðyydkifaomaomudpPrsm;odk houfa&mufjyef hESH honf// tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJ&mwGif jynfe,fOuUXonf/ aumifpD.qHk;jzwfcsufudkvdkufem&rnf// (2) jynfe,fqdkif&m tjcm;udpPtm;vHk;wGif jynfe,fOuUXonf/ jynfe,faumifpDESifh!‡dEd+if;wdkifyif&rnf (3) ucsifjynfe,faumifpD.qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh xifjrifcsufrsm;udkjynfe,fOuUXxHodk hwifjy&mwGif

vG,fulpdrfhaomiSm/ jynfe,faumifpDonfa&G;aumufyGJ_ yD;onfhaemuf/ yXrt}udrfusif;yaomtpnf;ta0;wGifaumifpDtrwfrsm;xJrSaom‚if;/ aumifpDtrwfr[kwfolrsm;xJrSaom‚if;a&G;cs,fI/ jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ hudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf// xdktpdk;&tzGJ honf/ jynfe,fOuUXudtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGifulnD&ef/ t}uHay;&efjzpfonf// ¹cGif;csuf// // odk&mwGifjynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ h0if/ xuf0ufatmufrav#mhaomtzGJ h0ifrsm;onf csuiftrsdK;om;r[kwfolrsm;jzpf&rnf//

176// // jynfe,fOuUXonf/ jynfe,faumifpD.omrefnDvmcHusif;yaomtcgrsm;Y/ rdrdaqmif&GufcJhaom vkyfief;aqmifwmta-umif;udkajym-um;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfajym-um;ap&rnf/ ucsifjynfe,fudpPtm;vHk;ESifhoufqdkifaomtpD&ifcHpmudkwifoGif;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfgwifoGif;ap&rnf/ jynfe,f.tusdK;pD;yGg;wdk;wuf&mwdk;wufa-umif;jzpfonf[k xifjrif,lqaompDrHcsufrsm;udkjynfaumifpDupOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&efaxmufcHt}uHay;&rnf//·177// // (1)jynfe,fOuUXonf/ b¾mawmf ESpfwdkif;wESpftwGufjynfe,fqdkif&m rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;ESifh toHk;rSef;ajc aiGpm&if;rsm;udkðy&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfðyap&rnf// xdkaiGpm&if;rsm;udkpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef/ jynfe,faumifpDodk hwifoGif;&rnf// (2) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.taxmuftyHaiGESifhpyfvsOf;I/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;uowfrSwfaom pnf;urf;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,faumifpDonf/ jynfe,f.bwfcsufudk vufcHtwnfðyEdkif&eftm%m&Sd&rnfxdkpnf;urf;csufrsm;twdkif;jynfe,faumifpDu usepGmvdkufema-umif;EdkifiHawmforRwtm;auseyfEkdifap&efjynfe,fbwf*sufudkjynfaxmifpktpdk;&.bwf*swfwGifxnfhoGif;az:jy&rnf//

178// // TtajccHOya'.tcef; 10 &Sd/ jyXmef;csufrsm;onf/ ucsifjynfe,fESifhroufqdkif&//

179// // TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,fOuUX jynfe,faumifpD/ jynfe,ftpdk;&wdk h.tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPrsm;/ xdk hjyifxdkOuUX/ xdkaumifpD/ xdktpdk;&tzGJ hwdk hESifhjynfaxmifpktpdk;&.qufqHa&;udpPyg0ifaom jynfe,f.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'qdkif&m udpPtm;vHk;udk/ w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf//· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “2”

tydkif; 3 // u&ifjynfe,f //tydkif; 3 // u&ifjynfe,f //·180// // (1) (u) u&ifeDjynfe,f/ oHvGifc&dkif/ xdk hjyif (*) EdkifiHwmforRwucef hxm;onfhtxl;aumfr&SiftzGJ huqHk;jzwfowfrSwfaom u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;aexdkif-uonfh u&ifeDjynf,fESifh oHvGifc&dkifwdk h. qufpyfa'orsm;udk/ xdka'ooHk;ckyaexdkif-uolrsm;EsifhwuG/ xdka'orsm;rStyjzpfaom jrefrmEdkifihYaexdkif-uaom u&iftrsdK;rsm;teuf/ rsm;|&mutvdk&SdcJhaomf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwcktjzpfzGJ hpnf;&rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudk “u&ifjynfe,f” [kac:&rnfhtjyif/ &Srf;jynfe,f.tqifhtwef;rsdK;udkvnf;&&Sdap&rnf/ (2) wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufyk'frcGJ wGifaz:jyxm;aoma'otoD;oD;&Sdvlrsm;. qENtrSefudkpHkprf;&mYvdkufem&efjzpfaomenf;vrf;wdk honf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. w&m;Oya'uowfrSwfonfhtwdkif;jzpf&rnf//

aumfolav; //aumfolav; //

·181// // wqufwnf;jzpfaom txufyk'frt& u&ifjynfe,fudk rzGJ hpnf;EdkifrD/ oHvGifc&dkifESifhwuGEdkifiHawmforRwu cef hxm;onfhtxl;aumfr&SiftzGJ huqHk;jzwf owfrSwfaom u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;aexdkif-uonfhoHvGifc&dkif.qufpyfa'orsm;udkatmufaz:jyygjyXmef;csufESifhrqef husifapbJ/ aumfolav;[kqc:wGiftyfaomtxl;a'owcktjzpfzGJ hpnf;&rnf//

(1) jynfol hv$wfawmf&Sdu&iftrsdK;om;. udk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifaom u&ifa&;&maumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf// xdktrwfrsm;onfvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfrS ig;OD;xufrrsm;aom u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;.udk.fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;udk aumifpDwGifxyfjznfh&rnf// (2) 0ef}uD;csKyfonfu&ifa&;&maaumifpDESifh !‡dEd+if;wdkifyifI/ ygvDref&Sdu&iftrsdK;om;rsm;.udk.fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;teuf trwfwOD;OD;. trnfudkwifoGif;aomtcg/ xdktrnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aomtrwfonf“u&ifa&;&m0ef}uD;” [kqc:wGif&rnfjzpfaomjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;wOD;tjzpfcef hxm;&rnf//

(2) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.tm%mrsm;udk rxdcdkufapbJ/ u&ifa&;&mef}uD;onf/ atmufygwdk hudk pDrHcef h!Gef-um;}uD;-uyftkyfcsKyf&rnf// (u) aumfolav; txl;a'o.t&yf&yfqdkif&m pD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;/ xdk hjyif txl;tm;jzifhaumfolav;txl;a'owGif/ tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;cef hxm;jcif;/ ae&mcsjcif;/a&$ hajymif;ay;jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;pnf;urf;ao0yfjcif;/· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “7” (c) u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;twGuf/ ynmoifausnif;rsm;EsifhwuG ,Ofaus;r+qdkif&mtzGJ htpnf;rsm;ESifhoufqdkifaomudpPrsm;/ (*) TtajccHOya't&u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;tm;/ ay;tyfonfhtxl;tcGifhta&;rsm;qdkif&mudpPrsm;/ (4) u&ifa&;&m0ef}uDF;tm;/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;udkaqmif&Guf&mwGif/ u&ifa&;&,aumifpDuulnD&rnft}uHay;&rnf// (5) ygvDreftrwftjzpfrS&yfpJaom u&ifa&;&maumifpDtrwfwOD;onf/ aumifp|Dyvnf;aumifpDtrwftjzpfrS &yfpJonf[krSwf,l&rnf/ odk h&mwGifxdkaumifpDtrwfonf/ rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudk a&G;aumufwif ajr‡muf_ yD;onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrd,wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkqufvufaqmif&GufEdkifonf// (6) TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ u&ifa&;&m0ef}uD;ESifh u&ifa&;&maumifpDwdk h. tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPtm;vHk;udk‚if;/ xdk0ef}uD;EsifhxdkaumifpDwdk h.udpPtm;vHk;udk‚if;/xdk0ef}uD;xdkaumifpDwdk hESifh jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.qufqHa&;&mudpPtm;vHk;udk‚if;/ w&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;owfrSwf&rnf//

tydkif; 4// u&ifeDjynfe,f //tydkif; 4// u&ifeDjynfe,f //

182// // (1) ya'o&mZf &Srf;jynfe,fpk&Sd rdk;_ AJe,f[k,cifuac:wGifcJhaom e,fajrudk xdke,fYaexdkif-uolrsm;&mu tvdk&SdcJhaomf u&ifjynfe,ftwGif;odk haygif;oGif;&rnf//

(3) xdke,fajr&Sdvltrsm;.qENtrSefudk pHkprf;&mY vdkufem&efjzpfaomenf;vrf;wdk honf w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwfonfhtwdkif;jzpf&rnf//·183// // (1) ygvDrefutjcm;jyZmef;csufðyonfhwdkifatmif= = (u) uEWm&0wD/ abmvcJESifh-u,fzdk;}uD;wdk h.apmzsmrsm;onfvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwGif u&ifeDjynfe,f qdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm; tjzpfjzifhyg0if&rnf//

(c) wqufwnf;jzpfaom txufyk'frt&rdk;_ AJe,fudk u&ifeDjynfe,ftwGif;odk haygif;oGif;aomtcg/ rdk;_ AJapmfbGm;onfvnf; vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwGif u&ifeDjynfe,fqdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfwOD;tjzpfjzifhyg0if&rnf?

(*) apmzsmrsm;onf‚if;/ apmfbGm;onf‚if;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfwGiftrwfjzpfEdkifcGifhr&Sdap&?· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “9”

(2) ygvDref. u&ifjynfe,fqdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifonfh u&ifeDjynfe,faumifpDudkzGJ@pnf;&rnf?

(4) ygvDreftrwftjzpfrS &yfpJaom jynfe,faumifpDtrwfonf/ aumifpDYvnf; aumifpDtrwftjzpfrS &yfpJonf[k rSwf,l&rnf? odk@&mwGif xdkaumifpDtrwfonf rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudk a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf_ yD;onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&GufEdkifonf?

184? ? jynfe,faumifpDonf rdrdudk,fwkdifOya'jyKydkifcGifhr&Sdaom udpPESifhoufqdkifonfhOya'rsm;udk jyKay;&efygvDrefodk@axmufcHcsufwifoGif;Edkifonf?

185? ? jynfe,faumifpDonf Oya'-urf;wckudk twnfjyK_ yD;aomtcg/ xdkOya'-urf;udk vufrSwfxdk;Ixkwfjyefausnmay;&ef EdkifiHawmforwxHodk@ wifoGif;&rnf? EkdifiHawmforwonf tqdkyg Oya'-urf;ESifhpyfvsOf;I/ wqufwnf;jzpfaom atmufyk'frt&/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. qHk;jzwfcsufudkar;jref;awmif;qdkjcif;rjyKv#if/ xdkOya'-urf;udk wifoGif;onfhaerSpI wvtwGif;wGif vufrSwfxdk;&rnf?·186? ? (1) EdkifiHawmforwxHodk@ wqufwnf;jzpfaom txufyk'frt&/ wifoGif;aom Oya'-urf;onf/odk@wnf;r[kwf xdkOya'-urf;. wpdwfwa'oonf/ TtajccHOya'Esifh qef@usifonf/ rqef@usifonf[laom jyoemudk qHk;jzwfay;&ef EdkifiHawmforwonf/ rdrd. oabmtwdkif;w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk@ xdkOya'-urf;udkv$JtyfEdkifonf?

(2) v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD; 3 OD;atmufrenf;yg0ifaomcHkawmfonf/ v$Jtyfaom jyoemudkpOf;pm;&rnf?vGJtyfaomjyoemudkpOf;pm;&rnf? v$Jtyfaomjyoemudk oifhjrwfavsmfuefonf[kxifjrefonfhtwdkif; -um;emppfaq; pOf;pm;_ yD;aomftcg/ xdkjyoemESifhpyfvsOf;I v$Jtyf_ yD;onfhaemuf/&ufaygif; 30 atmufaemufrusapbJ/ [email protected];jzwfcsufudk vsifjrefEdkifor# vsifjrefpGm w&m;&Hk;wGiftxift&Sm;ausnm&rnf? Tyk'fr. udpPrsm;tvdk@iSm/ w&m;0ef}uD;rsm;&m. qHk;jzwfcsufonfw&m;v$wfawmf. qHk;jzwfcsufjzpf&rnf?

(3) Tyk'frt&/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk@v$Jtyfaom Oya'-urf;&Sd jyXmef;csufonf/ TtajccHOya'ESifhqef@usifonf[k w&m;v$wfawmfu/ qHk;jzwfaom udpPwdkif;Y/ EkdifiHawmforwonf xdkOya'-urf;udkjyefvnfpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef jynfe,faumifpDodk@ jyefydk@&rnf? jynfe,faumifpDu vdktyfaomjyifqifcsufrsmudk rjyKv#if/ EdkifiHawmforwonf xdkOya'-urf;udk vufrSwfrxdk;[k jiif;qdk&rnf?

(4) xdkodk@jiif;qdkbG,fr&Sdv#if EkdifiHawmforwonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu tqHk;tjzwfudkxkwfaz:ausnm_ yD;onfhaemuf/ vsifjrefEdkifor#vsifjrefpGm xdkOya'-urf;udk vufrSwfxdk;I tufOya'jzpfvma-umif;udk xkwfjyefausnm&rnf?

· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “2”

(5) wqufwnf;jzpfaom txufyk'frt&/ wif;oGif;aomOya'-urf;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcskKyfodk@rv$JtyfbJESifhjzpfap/ v$Jtyf_ yD;rSjzpfap/ EkdifiHawmforwuvufrSwfxdk;_ yD;cJhv#if/ jynfe,faumifpDujyKydkifcGifhr&Sd[laom ta-umif;jycsufjzifh/ xdkOya'-urf;&Sd jyXmef;csufonf rcdkifvHk[k jiif;qdkjiifrjyK&?

187? ? EkdifiHawmforw vufrSwfxdk;aom jynfe,f aumifpDtufOya'pmrlwkdif;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.twGif;0ef&Hk;Y armfuGef;wif&rnf? rdwWLwkdif;udkvnf; u&ifeDjynfe,f0ef}uD;&Hk;Y armfuGef;wif&rnf?

188? ? u&ifeD jynfe,fOuUXonf tcgumvtm;avsmfpGm/ jynfe,faumifpDudk qifhac:Ekdifonf/&kyfodrf;Edkifonf?

odk@&mwGif jynfe,faumifpD. nDvmcHudk ESpfpOfwESpfv#if tenf;qHk;w}udrfusif;y&rnf?xdkodk@usif;yaomtcg jynfe,faumifpD nDvmcHwck. aemufqHk;tpnf;ta0;ESifhaemufxyfusif;yaomjynfe,faumifpDnDvmcH. yXrtpnf;ta0;wdk@. pyf-um;wGif 12 v jcm;raeap&?

u&ifeDjynfe,ftpdk;&?

189? ? 0ef}uD;csKyfonf/ u&ifeDjynfe,faumifpDESifh n‡dE+dif;wdkifyifI ygvDref. u&ifeDjynfe,fqdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;teuf trwfwOD;OD;. trnfudk wifoGif;aomtcg/xdkodk@trnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aom trwfudk EdkifiHawmforwonf/ atmufwGifu&ifeDjynfe,f0ef}uD;[kac:wGif&rnfjzpfaom jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ@0if 0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifh cef@xm;&rnf?xdkodk@cef@xm;jcif;cH&aom 0ef}uD;onf/ TtajccHOya'. udpPrsm;twGuf u&ifeDjynfe,fOuUXvnf;jzpf&rnf?

190? ? (1) u&ifeDjynfe,fOuUXonf u&ifeDjynfe,f pD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;udpPudk wm0ef,lI aqmif&Guf&rnf?qdkvdk&if;rSm u&ifjynfe,fOuUXonf wdkuf&dkufjzpfap/ vufatmufcHt&m&Sdrsm;rSwqifhjzpfap/jynfe,f.tkyfcsKyfr+ tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJEkdif&rnf?

(2) wqufwnf;jzpfaom atmufyk'fr&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudk rxdcdkufapbJ/ qdkcJhaomtkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf/ jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;cef@xm;jcif;/ ae&mcsjcif;/a&$@ajymif;ay;jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;pnf;urf;ao0yfjcif;udpPtm;vHk;odk@ oufa&mufjyef@ESH@&rnf?

191? ? (1) TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifapbJ/ jynfe,f.tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf/jynfe,faumifpDuw&m;Oya'jyKydkifaomudpPrsm;odk@oufa&mufjyef@ESH@onf? tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJ&mwGif jynfe,fOuUXonf aumifpD. qHk;jzwfcsufudk vdkufem&rnf? (2) jynfe,fqdkif&mtjcm;udpPtm;vHk;wGif jynfe,fOuUXonf jynfe,faumifpDESifh!‡dEd+if;wdkifyif&rnf// (3) u&ifeDjynfe,faumifpD.qHk;jxwfcswfcsufrsm;ESifh xifjrifcsufrsm;udkjynfe,fOuUXxHwifjy&mwGifvG,fulpdrfhaomiSm/ jynfe,faumifpDonfa&G;aumufyGJ_ yD;onfhaemuf yXrt}udrfusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;wGif aumifpDtrwfrsm;xJrSaomf‚if;/ aumifpDtrwfr[kwfolrsm;xJrSaomf‚if;/ jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ h0ifwOD;udkjzpfap/trsm;udkjzpfapa&G;cs,fEdkifonf// xdkjynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ h0ifwOD;onf odk hwnf;r[kwftrsm;onf/ jynfe,fOuUXudktvkyf0wW&m;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGifulnD&eft}uHay;&efjzpfonf//

192// // jynfe,fOuUXonf jynfe,faumifpD.omrefnDvmcHusif;yaomtcgrsm;Y/ rdrdaqmif&GufcJhaomvkyfief;aqmifwmta-umif;udk ajym-um;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfajym-um;ap&rnf// u&ifeDjynfe,fudpPtm;vHk;ESifh oufqdkifaomtpD&ifcHpmudkwifoGif;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfwifoGif;ap&rnf// jynfe,f.tusdK;pD;yGg;wdk;wuf&mwdk;wufa-umif;jzpfonf[k xifjrif,lqaom pDrHcsufrsm;udkpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&ef jynfe,faumifpDtm;axmufcHt}uHay;&rnf//·193// // (1) jynfe,fOuUXonf b¾mawmfESpfwdkif;wESpftwGuf jynfe,fqdkif&mt&rSef;ajcaiGpm&ifESifhtoHk;rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;udkðy&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfðyap&rnf// xdkaiGpm&if;rsm;udkpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef jynfe,faumifpDodk hwifoGif;&rnf// (2) jynfe,faumifpD.taxmuftyHhaiGESihfpyfvsOf;I/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&uowfrSwfaom pnfg;urf;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,faumifpDonf/ jynfe,f.bwfcsufudkvufcHtwnfðy&ef tm%m&Sd&rnf//xdkpnf;urf;csufrsm;twdkif;/ jynfe,faumifpDuusepGmvdkufema-umif;/ EdkifiHawmforwWtm;auseyfEdkifap&efjynfe,f.bwfcsufudk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. bwfcsufwGifxJhoGif;az:jy&rnf//

194// // TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,fOuUX/ jynfe,faumifpDESifhjynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ h0ifwOD;. Odk hwnf;r[kwftrsm;.tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPrsm;/ xdk hjyifxdkOuUX/ xdkaumifpD/ xdktpdk;&tzGJ h0ifwdk htcsif;csif;qufqHa&;udpPrsm;yg0ifaom jynfe,f.zGJ hpnf;zGJ h csKyfyHktajccHOya'qdkif&mudpPtm;vHk;udk w&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;owfrSwf&rnf//··195// // Ttydkif;(tcef; 9 tydkif; 4)&Sd/ jyXmef;csuftm;vHk;onf/ yk' fr 180t&/ u&ifjynfe,fudkzGJ hpnf;cJhaomf/ tusdK;oufa&mufjcif;rS&yfpJ&rnf//· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “2”·· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “7”

tydkif; 5 // csif;0daoowdkif; //tydkif; 5 // csif;0daoowdkif; //

196// // EdkifiHawmforwWuowfrSwfaomcsif;awmifrsm;c&dkifESifh &cdkifawmifwef;e,frsm;yg0ifonfh csif;0daoowdkif;&Sd&rnf//

197// // (1) ygvDref&Sd csif;trsdK;om;rsm;. udk,fpm;vS.ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifaom csif;a&;&maumifpDwckzGJ hpnf;&rnf// (2) 0ef}uD;csKyfonfcsif;a&;&maaumifpDESifh!‡dEd+if;wdkifyifI/ ygvDref&Sdcsif;trsdK;om;rsm;.udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;wOD;OD;teuf trwfwOD;OD;. trnfudkwifoGif;aomtcg/ xdk hodk htrnfudkwifoGif;jcif;cH&aomtrwfudk EdkifiHawmforwWonf “csif;a&;&m0ef}uD;” [kac:wGif&rnfjzpfaom jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;wOD;tjzpfcef hxm;&rnf// (3) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.tm%mrsm;udkrxdcdkufapbJ/ csif;a&;&m0ef}uD;onf/ atmufygwdk hudkpDrefcef hcGJ!Gef-um;}uD;-uyftkyfcsKyf&rnf// (u) csif;0daoowdkif;. T&yf&yfqdkif&mpD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;/ xdk hjyiftxl;tm;jzifh/ xdk0daoowdkif;wGiftkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;cef hxm;jcif;/ ae&mjcjcif;/ a&$ hajymif;ay;jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;pnf;urf;ao0yfjcif;// (c) csif;0daoowdkif;wGif ynmoifausmif;rsm;ESifhwuG/ ,Ofaus;r+qdkif&mrsm;ESifhoufqdkifaomudpPrsm;//

(4) csif;a&;&m0ef}uD;tm;/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkaqmif&Guf&mwGif csif;a&;&maumifpDuulnD&rnf// t}uHay;&rnf// (5) ygvDref trwftjzpfrS&yfpJaom csif;a&;&maumifpDtrwfwOD;onf/ aumifpDYvnf; aumifpDtrwftjzpfrS &yfpJonf[krSwf,l&rnf// odk h&mwGifxdkaumifpDtrwfonf/ rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudka&G;aumufwifajrmuf_ yD;onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrdwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkqufvufaqmif&GufEDkifonf//

198// // TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ csif;a&;&m0ef}uD;ESifh csif;a&;&maumifpDwdk h.tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPtm;vHk;udk‚if;/ xdk0ef}uD;ESifhxdkaumifpDwdk h. qufqHa&;qdkif&m udpPtm;vHk;udk‚if;/ xdk0ef}uD;/ xdkaumifpDwdk hESifhjynfaxmifpktpdk;&. qufqHa&;qdkif&mudpPtm;vHk;udk‚if;w&m;Oya'jzifh jyXmef;owfrSwf&rnf//

tydkif; 6 // jynfe,fopfrsm; //tydkif; 6 // jynfe,fopfrsm; //

199// // ygvDrefonf jynfe,fopfuvdkufem&rnfhpnf;urf;csufrsm;yg0ifaomtufOya'jzifh/ jynfe,fopfwckudk jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;odk h0ifcGifhðyEdkifonf// xdkowfrSwfcsufrsm;wGif xdkjynfe,frSygvDrefodk hudk,fpm;vS,ftrwfOD;a& rnfa&G hrnfr#a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufEdkifonf[laomtcsufvnf;yg0if&rnf//

200// // (u) jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0iftopfwckwnfaxmifzGJ hpnf;jcif; (c) jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwckck.tus,ft0ef;udkwdk;csJ hjcif; (*) jynfaxmmifpktzGJ h0ifwckck.tus,ft0ef;udkav$mhjcif; (C) jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwckck. e,fedrdwfrsm;udkajymif;vJjcif; wdk hudk/ xdkodk he,fedrdwfðyjyifjcif;cH&aom jynfe,fwdkif;.aumifpDu oabmwlnDygu/ ygvDrefonftufOya'jzifhjyKekdifonf? xdk@jyif xdkuJhodk@aomoabmwlnDcsuf&&Sdygu ygvDrefonfvdktyfonf[k odk@wnf;r[kwfoifhavsmfonf[kxifjrif,lqaom xyfjznfhjyXmef;csuf/ ta=umif;oifhjyXmef;csufESifh E_dif;!SdjyXmef;csufrsm;udkjyKEkdifonf//

tcef; 10 cGJxGufEkdfifaomtcGifhta&;?

201? TtajccHOya'Yaomf‚if; yk'fr 199 t&ygvDrefujyKaom tufOya'Yaomf‚if;tjcm;jyXmef;csufjyKxm;jcif;r&Sdv#if/ atmufYjyXmef;xm;aompnf;urf;csufrsm;ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHrScGJxGufEdkif&ef jynfe,fwdkif;Y tcGifhta&;&Sd&rnf?

202? TtajccHOya'tm%mwnfonfhae@rSq,fESpftwGif; cGJxGufEdkifaom tcGifhta&;udktoHk;rjyK&?

203? (1) cGJxGufEkdifaomtcGifhta&;udk oHk;pGJvdkaomjynfe,fonf/ cGJxGufvkda=umif;tqdkudkrdrd.jynfe,faumifpDwGufwifoGif;twnfjyK&rnf// jynfe,faumifpD&Sd trwfpkpkaygif;teufoHk;yHkESpfyHkatmufravsmhaomtrwfrsm;u xkdtqdkudkaxmufcHIrJay;jcif;rjyKv#if twnfjyKonf[krrSwf,l&?

(2) oufqdkif&mjynfe,f.OuUXonf jynfe,faumifpD. qHk;jzwfjcif;udk EdkifiHawmforwtm;ta=umif;=um;&rnf? xdk@jyiftwnfjyKvdkufaomaumifpD. bmywdu[kwfrSefa=umif; vufrSwfxdk;aomqHk;jzwfcsufrdwWLwapmifudk EkdifiHawmforwxHodk@ jynfe,fOuUXuwifjy&rnf?

204 ? xdktcgEkdifiHawmforwonf/ oufqdkif&mjynfe,f.vlxkqENyGJudk usif;yap&eftrdef@xkwf&rnf? vlxkqENyGJudkusif;yjcif;rSm oufqdkif&mjynfe,f&Sd [email protected] od&SD&efjzpfonf?

205? EkdifiHawmforwonf vlxkqENyGJaumfr&SifwpfzGJ@udk cef@&rnf? xkdtzGJ@wGif jynfaxmifpkekdfifiHrS‚if; oufqdkif&mjynfe,frS‚if; udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&tnDtr#yg0if&rnf? xdktzGJ@onfvlxkqENyGJudk}uD;=uyfpDrH&efjzpfonf?

206? Ttcef;&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifapbJ tqdkygcGJxGufEkdfifaom tcGifhta&;toHk;jyKjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom udpPtm;vHk;udk Oya'jzifhpnf;rsOf;owfrSwf&rnf?

tcef; 11zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk jyifjcif;zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk jyifjcif; ////

207? TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufwckckudk ajymif;jcif;jzifhaomf‚if; jznfhxnfhjcif;aomf‚if;&kyfodrf;jcif;jzifhaomf‚if; atmufYazmfjyowfrSwfxm;aomenf;twdkif; jyifEkdifonf?

208? (1) TtajccHOya'udk jyif&efwifoGif;aomtqdkudk Oya'=urf;tjzpfjzifhwifoGif;&rnf?xdkOya'=urf;udk “zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk jyif&efOya'=urf; ”[lIazmfjy&rnf?

(2) zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk jyif&eftqdkwckaomf‚if; trsm;aomf‚if; yg0ifaomOya'=urf;wGiftjcm;tqdkrsm;ryg&?

·209? (1) xdkuJhodk@aomOya'=urf;udk ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfY pwifwifoGif;ekdifonf?

(2) xkdOya'=urf;udk ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmftoD;oD;u twnfjyK+yD;aemuf v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;uyif wGJzuftpnf;ta0;Y pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&rnf?

(3) v$wfawmfESpf&yf.vuf&Sdtrwfrsm;teuf oHk;yHkESpfyHkatmufravsmhaom trwfrsm;uwGJzuftpnf;ta0;wGifaxmufcHI rJay;rSomv#if xdkOya'=urf;udk v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;utwnfjyKonf[krSwf,l&rnf?

(5) (u) wwd,Z,m;&dS jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;udkaomf‚if;(c ) pwkwZ,m;&Sdjynfe,ftoD;oD;qdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfjzpf&ef/ (*) ygvDrefwGif jynfe,ftoD;oD;qdkif&mudkf,fpm;vS,ftrwfjzpf&ef vkdtyfaom t&nftcsif;

ysuf,Gif;jcif;r&Sdap&[k yk'fr 74/ yk'frcGJ (1) &Sdtydk'f (C)t& ausnmxm;aomygvDref tufOya'udk aomf‚if;jyifvdkaomOya'=urf;onf v$wfawmfESpf&yf.wGJzuftpnf;ta0;odk@ wufa&mufrJay;aom oufqdkif&mjynfe,frSodk@wnf;r[kwf jynfe,ftoD;oD;rSudk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;&muaxmufcHI rJay;jcif;jyKv#if/v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;.wGJzuftpnf;ta0;wGif twnfjyKcsufudk&onf[krrSwf,l&?

· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwJG “7”

(5) tajccHOy'u u&iftrsKd;om;rsm;tm;odk@wnf;r[kwf csif;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; ay;tyfxm;aomtcGifhta&; udk ,kwfavsmhaprnfhOya'=urf;onf wGJzuftpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufrJay;aom u&iftrsKd;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;&mujzpfap/ csif;trsKd;om;udkf,fpm;vS,frsm;&mujzpfap/ oufqdkif&muaxmufcHIrJay;jcif;rjyKv#if v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;.wGJzuftpnf;ta0;wGif twnfjyKcsufudk &onf[krrSwf,l&?

210? Ttcef;&SdtxufuazmfjycJhaom jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD Oya'=urf;udk twnfjyK+yD;aomtcgxkdOya'=urf;udkEkfdfifiHawmforwxHodk@wifjy&rnf? EkdifiHawmforwonf xkdOya'=urf;udkcsufjcif;vufrSwfxdk;Ixkwfjyefausnm&rnf?

tcef; 12jynfaxmifcsif;csif;qufqHa&;

211? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHonf ppfrufudkEkdfifaomEkdfifiHawmf0g'.vufeufozG,ftoHk;r jyKpGef@y,fonf?xdk@jyifEkdfifiHjcm;ESifhqufqH&mY jynfaxmifpkcsif;csif;Oya'. oabmw&m;rsm;udk usifhpOftjzpfjzifhvkdufemvufcHonf ?

212? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdfifiHonf jynfaxmifcsif;csif;w&m;r#wr_ESifh EkdifiHwumwdk@apmifha&Smuftyfaomusifh0wfoduQmwdk@udkf tajccHI urBmh+idrf;csrf;a&;udk EkdifiHwumwdk@ESifhrdwf0wfrysufaygif;zufaqmif&Gufa&;udk‚if;a&S@&_rnf[lI cdkif+rJaomt"dXmefudkjyKonf?

213? (1) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdfifiHyg0ifaom jynfaxmifcsif;csif;oabmwlnDcsufwdkif;udk ygvDrefYwifjy&rnf?

(2) oabmwlnDcsuftwdkif; txajrmufatmifaqmif&Gufa&;twGuf/ Oya'jyK&efvdkaom odk@wnf;r[kwf Oya'jyKjcif;udkfvdk&efta=umif;&Sdaom jynfaxmifcsif;csif;oabmwlnDcsufudk ygvDrefuoabmwlcJhaomf vufcHtwnfrjyK&? (3) oabmwlnDcsufwGif jynfaxmmifpkjrefrmEkdfifiH.tcGefawmfrS ukefusp&mrsm;yg0ifaeaomjynfaxmifcsif;csif;oabmwlnDcsufudk jynfol@v$wfawmfuoabmrwlcJhaomf vufcHtwnfrjyK&? &Sif;vif;csuf? ? Tyk'fronfvkyfiefk;aqmifwmenf;emwdk@ESif h qdkifaomodk@wnf;r[kwf pD&iftkyfcsKyfr_eSifhoufqdkifaom tpkd;&tcsif;csif;oabmwlnDcsufrsm;ESifh roufqdkif&?

214? ygvDrefuqHk;jzwfjyXmef;jcif;rjyKv#if rnfonfhjynfaxmifcsif;csif;oabmwlnDcsufr# xdkuJhodk@aomoabmwlnDcsuftaeESifh jynfaxmifpkEkdfifiHw&m;Oya'. wpdwfwa'orjzpf&?

tcef; 13t&yf&yfqdkif&m jyXmef;csufrsm;?

215? EkdifiHawmftvH.yHkrSm axmifhrSefpwk*HyHkjzjpfonf? tvHrSmteDa&mifcHjzpfI vuf0JbuftxufaxmifhYtjym&ifhtcef;zGifh+yD;v#if xkdtjym&ifhtcef;tv,fwGif a&mifjcnfvufig;ck&Sdaom =u,fjzL}uD;wyGifhxm;&Sdonf?xdk=u,fjzL.a&mifjcnfvufrsm;t=um;wGif a&mifjcnfvufig;ckpD&Sdaom =u,fjzLig;ckudkwpfyGifhpDoGif;&Hxm;&rnf? =u,fjzL}uD;ESifhwuGoGif;&Hxm;aom =u,fi,frsm;.a&mifjcnfvufrsm;teuf wckpDonftvH. txufzufodk@rwfrwf!$efvsufwnfap&rnf? tvHwckvHk;.twdkif;twmrSmtvsm; 9 ay/ teH 5 ay/ tjym&ifhtcef;rSm tvsm; 4ay/ teH 2 ay 6 vuR/ =u,f}uD;twGuf axmifhpGef;rsm;udk qufvufIqGJxm;aom puf0kdif;.tcsif;rSm 18 vuR / =u,fi,f twGuf 9 vuRjzpfonf? tvH.t&G,frSm}uD;i,fr[lxkdtcsKd;tpm;twdkif;udkfufnDEdkfifor# udkufnD&rnf?

216? jrefrmbmomonf &Hk;oHk;bmomjzpf&rnf? odk@&mwGif t*Fvdyfbmomudkvnf;oHk;cGifhjyKEdkfifonf?

217? TzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHpmrlESpfckxm;&Sd&rnf? wckrSmjrefrmbmompmrljzpfI tjcm;wckrSmt*Fvdyfbmompmrljzpfonf? XdkESpfrlwGif wdkif;jynfjyKv$wfawmfOuUXu vufrSwfxdk;I w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.twGif;0ef&Hk;wGif armfuGef;wif&rnf? xdkpmrlESpfckvHk;udkf TzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;twGuf t+yD;tjywfoufaot&mwnfap&rnf?

218? jynfaxmifpkEkdfifiHonf odk@wnf;r[kwf jynfe,fwdk@onf jynfoloHk;vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk vkyfudkifap&efvufrSwfudk odk@wnf;r[kwf vdkifpifudk okd@wnf;r[kwf tjcm;enf;jzifh tm%mv$Jtyfaom vkyfykdifcGifhudk -(u) jynfaxmifpkEkdfifiHuaomf‚if; jynfe,fuaomf‚if; a'oEW&tm%mydkifrsm;uaomf‚if; }uD;=uyftkyfcsKyfaom tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udkomay;&rnf? odk@wnf;r[kwf (c ) jynfaxmifpk EkdfifiHom;wdk@udkomay;&rnf? odk@wnf;r[kwf (* ) jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHrSaomf‚if; jynfe,frSaomf‚if; a'oEW&tm%mydkifxHrSaomf‚if; jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHom;rsm; xHrSaomf‚if; &mcdkifE_ef; 60 atmufren;fyg0ifamaiG&if;&SdI jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHwGif tm%mwnfaomw&m;Oya'ESifhtnDzGJ@pnf;xm;aom ukr%Drsm;udkomjzpfap xdkuJhodk@aom tjcm;tzJG@tpnf;rsm;udk ay;&rnf?odk@&mwGif xdkuJhokd@aomvufrSwfukd odk@wnf;r[kwfvdkifpifudk odk@wnf;r[kwf tjcm;enf;jzifhtm%mv$Jtyfaom vkyfydkifcGifhukd jynfol@tusKd;twGuf vdktyfaomtcg ygvDrefujyifEkdif&rnf?odk@wnf;r[kwf ajymif;Ekdfif&rnf/ odk@wnf;r[kwf&kyfodrf;Ekdif&rnf[laom pnf;urf;rsm;t&rSwyg; rnfolwOD;wa,mufodk@r# odk@wnf;r[kwf rnfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;odk@r# odk@wnf;r[kwfrnfonfhukr%Dodk@r#ESpfq,fhig;ESpfxuf ausmfvGefaomumvtydkif;tjcm;twGuf ray;&?

219? opfawmajrESifh owWKajrrsm;/ opfawmrsm;/ a&/ wHigvkyfief;trsKd;rsKd;qdkif&ma'orsm;/ owWKrsm;/ausmufrD;aoG;/ a&eHESifh tjcm;wGif;xGufqDrsm;/ "gwftm;xGufrnfhyif&if;tajctjrpfrsm;ESifh tjcm;obm0yif&if;tajctjrpfrsm;udk jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHu vkyfudkifoHk;pGJI wdk;wufatmifjyK&rnf? odk@&mwGifjynfaxmifpkEkdifiH. tusKd;pD;yGg;tvdkiSm ygvDref. tufOya't&jyXmef;xm;aom oD;jcm;¹cGif;csufpnf;urf;rsm; ESifhrqef@usifv#if jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHonf txufygwdk@udkvkyfudkifoHk;pGJEkdifaom odk@wnf;r[kwf wdk;wufatmifjyKEdkifaom odk@wn;fr[kwf toHk;csEdkifaom tcGifhta&;udk jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHom;rsm;tm;ay;Edkifonf?

odk@wnf;r[kwf jynfaxmifpkedkifiHom;rsmxHrS tenf;qHk;&mcdkifE_ef; 60 r#yg0ifonfhaiG&if;&Sdaom ukr%Drsm;odk@aomf‚if; xdkuJhodk@aom tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;odk@aomf‚if; ay;Ekdifonf?

¹cGif;csuf? ? xdk@jyifjynfol@tusKd;twGufvdktyfaomtcg txufygtcGifhta&;udkygvDrefu jyifEkdfif&rnf? odk@wnf;r[kwfajymif;Ekdfif&rnf? odk@wnf;r[kwf &kyfodrf;Edkif&rnf[laom pnf;urf;csufrsm;t& rSwyg;xdktcGifhta&;rsKd;udk ray;&?

TxufYazmfjycJhaom obm0yif&if;tajctjrpfrsm;udk vkyfukdifoHk;pGJjcif;/ wkd;wufatmifjyKjcif;/toHk;csjcif;wdk@twGuf vufrSwfudkaomf‚if; vdkifpifudkaomf‚if; tjcm;enf;jzihf v$JtyfaomvkyfykdifcGifhudkaomf‚if; ESpfq,fhig;EspfxufausmfvGefaomumvtyddkif;tjcm;twGuf aemiftcgwGifray;&// odk@wnf;r[kwfESpfq,fhig;ESpfxuf ausmfvGefaom aemufxyfumvtykdif;tjcm;twGuf topfvJcGifhr&Sdap&?

220? jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH. tusKd;pD;ygG;tvdk@iSg ygvDref. tufOya'ujyXmef;xm;aom oD;jcm;¹cGif;csufpnf;urf; rsm;t&rSwyg;/ vkyfudkifoHk;pGJap&efaomf‚if; wdk;wufatmifjyKap&efaomf‚if; rnfonfhv,f,mudkif;u|ef;ajrudkr# jynfaxmifpkEkd fifiHom;r[kwfolrsm;tm; jynfaxmifpkEkdfifiHu ray;&?

221? jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH0efxrf;rsm; cef@xm;a&;ESifhpyfvsOf;I jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHtpdk;&udkulnD&ef‚if;/&mxrf;r_xrf;qdkif&m pnfurf;ao0yfr_udpPrsm;wGif t}uHay;&ef‚if; ygvDrefonf w&m;Oya'jyXmef;I&mxl;0eftzGJ@udkxm;&Sd&rnf? xdk&mxl;0eftzGJ@udk zGJ@pnf;jcif;/ [email protected]%mESifh tvkyf0wW&m;rsm; xdk@jyiftzGJ@0ifwkd@.&mxl;tvkyfqkdif&mpnf;urf;csufrsm;udk ygvDref.tufOya'jzifhjyXmef;owfrSwf&rnf?

222? (1) a&S@aemufpum;wdk@. t"dym,fudkaxmufxm;&efrvdkv#if TtajccHOya'Yyg&Sdaomatmufygpum;&yfwdk@onf azmfjyxm;aomt"dym,fudkaqmifonf? qdkvdk&if;rSm -

“ jrefrmjynf ”/ “ jrefrmEkdifiH ”/ “ jrefrmEkdifiHawmf ”[laompum;&yfwdk@onf 1953 ckESpfjrefrmEkd fifiHawmfpD&iftkyfcsKyfr_Oya'Y yg&Sdaom t"dyg,frsKd;udkaqmifonf?

“ vuf&Sdw&m;Oya' ” [lonfrSm w&m;Oya'/ wcsufv$wfOya'/ trdef@/ pnf;urf;Oya'/ enf;Oya' pnf;rsOf;Oya'wdk@udkjyKEkdfifaom Oya'jyKtzGJ@uaomf‚if;/ yk*~dKvfuaomf‚if;/ TtajccHOya'tm%mrwnfrDujynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkd fifiH&Sd e,fajrrsm;wGifjyKcJhaomw&m;Oya'/ wcsufv$wfOay'/ trdef@/ pnf;urf;Oya'/enf;Oya'/ pnf;rsOf;Oya'wdk@udkqdkvkdonf?

“ apmfbGm; ” odk@wnf;r[kwf “ apmzsm ” [lonfrSm tjiif;yGm;r_ay:aygufvmv#if/EkdifiHawmforwu oufqdkfif&m &dkuf&mcHpnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD todtrSwfjyKaom yk*~dKvfudkqdkvkdonf?

“ jynfaxmifpktzGJ@0if ” [lonfrSm -(u) jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiHwGif tzGJ@0ifwcktjzpfjzifh zGJ@pnf;yg0ifaomjynfe,fudkaomf‚if;/(c ) jynfe,f. wpdwfwa'otjzpf rzGJ@pnf;ryg0ifaom jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdfifiH&Sd usefe,fajrtm;

vHk;udkaomf‚if;/ qdkvdkonf? (2) tcef; 6/ 7/ 10/ 11/ 13 ESifhwwd,Z,m;/ pwkwÎZ,m;rsm;&Sd “ jynfe,f ” [laompum;onfqef@usifaom &nf&G,fcsufray:aygufv#if &Srf;jynfe,fudk/ odk@wnf;r[kwf ucsifjynfe,fudkodk@wnf;r[kwf u&ifeDjynfe,fudk/ odk@wnf;r[kwf tcef; 9 tydkif; 6 t&zGJ@pnf;aom jynfe,fopfudkfqdkvdkonf ?

(k3) qef@usifaom&nf&G,fcsufray:aygufv#if jrefrmEkdfifiHawmfa,bk,spum;&yftufOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;onf TtajccHOya'udk t"dym,faumuf,ljcif;/ TtajccHOya'tm%moufa&mufjcif;wdk@ESifh oufqdkif&rnf?

tcef; 14tul;tajymif;umvjyXmef;csufrsm;

223? 1953 ckESpf jrefrmEkdifiHawmfpD&iftkyfcsKyfr_ tufOya't&jzpfap/ tjcm;enf;t&jzpfap/+Adwdo#bk&ifrif;jrwf xdkpOftcgupdk;ydkifawmfrlcJhonfh jrefrmEkdfifiHtwGif;&Sd e,fy,frsm;udk pD&iftkyfcsKyfjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom odk@wnf;r[kwf oufqdkifaom +Adwdo#bk&ifrif;jrwfY ,cifu wnf&SdcJhaomtcGifhta&;/tcGihftm%m/ pD&ifykdifcGifhtm%m/ udk,fydkiftcGifhtm%mtm;vHk;EsifhwuG/ jrefrmEkdfifiHawmftwGif;tjcm;rnfonfh e,fy,fwGifrqdkjzpfap/ xdke,fy,frsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;Ijzpfap/ oabmwlpmcsKyft&aomf‚if;/ay;tyfjcif;t&aomf‚if;/ xHk;pD"avht&aomf‚if;/ vspfvsL&_csuft&aomf‚if; / tjcm;enf;t&aomf‚if; /aqmif&GufawmfrlydkifaomtcGifhta&;/ tcGifhtm%m/ pd&ifydkifcGifhtm%m/ udk,fydkfiftcGifhtm%mtm;vHk;wdk@udkygjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHu ydkifqdkifonf[k ausnmvkdufonf?

¹cGif;csuf? ? odk@&mwGif TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJumvu +Adwdo#bk&ifrif;jrwfY wnf&SdcJh aom xdk@jyif+Adwdo#jrefrmEdk fifiHtwGif;Yaomf‚if;/ +Adwdo#jrefrmEdkfifiHESifhpyfvsOf;Iaomf‚if;/ aqmif&Gufawmfrlydkifaom udk,fydkiftcGifhtm%mudk jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH&Sd rnfonfhtm%mydkifur# udk,fydkiftcGifhtm%mtaeESifhroHk;pGJ&?

224? TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJumvu jrefrmEdkfifiHawmfESifh u&ifeDe,frsm;.pD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;udpPtvdkiSm +Adwdo#bk&ifrif;jrwfY odk@wnf;r[kwftjcm;tm%mydkifwckckY wnf&SdcJhaomtcGifhta&;rsm;/ ydkifqdkifaomypPnf;rsm;ESifh awmif;qdk&,lcGifhrsm;onf TtajccHOya' tm%mwnfonfrSpI/jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&Ywnf&Sd&rnf// txl;tm;jzifhopfawmtm;vHk;/ ajratmuf&SdowWKESifh tjcm;ypPnf;rsm;tm;vHk;/ "gwfzuf0if aq;zuf0ifa& paoma&rsm;/ obm0tiftm;wdk;. yif&if; tajctjrpfrsm;/ oHvrf;jzpfo,f,lydk haqmifa&;qdkif&mypPnf;rsm;/ pmydk haqmifa&;qdkif&mypPnf;rsm;/ a-u;eef;ESifh a-u;eef;rJhqufoG,fa&;qdkif&mypPnf;rsm;/ toHv$ifhvkyfief;qdkif&mypPnf;rsm;onf/ TtajccHOya'wnfonfrSpIjynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.ypPnf;rsm;jzpf&rnf//

225// // (1) ydËdnmOfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;Iaom‚if; wm0efrsm;EsifhpyfvsOf;Iaom‚if;/ tu,fI TtajccHOya'twnfrjzpfcJhaomf jrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&tm;w&m;pGJEdkifaomtcGifhta&;t&/ w&m;pGJ&efay:aygufcJhv#ifjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tm; w&m;pGJEdkifonf// (2) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHonf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.trnfjzifh w&m;pGJEdkifonf// xdkenf;wlyifw&m;pGJjcif;udkcHEdkifonf// (3) tr+onftjzpfjzifh jrefrmEDkifiHtpdk;& yg0ifaeaom tr+rsm;onf/ TtajccH Oya'tm%mwnfaomae h&ufwGifr_ yD;rjywfjzpfaeao;ygu xdtr+rsm;wGifjrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&tpm;/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&yg0ifonf[krSwf,l&rnf//

226// // (1) vuf&Sdw&m;Oya'rsm;onf TtajccHOya'ESifh rnDr!Gwfrjzpfonftxd‚if;/ TtajccHOya'ESifh

rqef husifv#if‚if;/ xdkvuf&Sdw&m;Oya'rsm;udkjzpfap wckckudkjzpfap Oya'ðyydkifcGifh&SdaomOya'ðytzGJ huaom‚if;xdkuJhodk haomtm%mydkifuaom‚if;r&Kyfodrf;ao;or# odk hwnf;r[kwf rjyifao;or#/ qufvufItm%mwnfap&rnf// (2) TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufudk av;pm;axmufxm;I/ EdkifiHawmforRwuvdktyfonf[kxifjrifaom/ oifhwifhqDav#mfonfh ðyjyifcsufrsm;yg0ifaom vuf&Sdw&m;Oya'wckckudk ygvDrefuaom‚if;/tcGifhtm%m&Sdaomtjcm;tm%mydkifaomf‚if;/ r&kyfodrf;ao;or#/ odk hwnf;r[kwfrjyifao;or#/EdkifiHawmforRw.trdef hwGif oD;jcm;az:jyxm;aomae hrSpI tusdK;oufa&mufap&rnf[k EdkifiHawmforRwutrdef hxkwfIjyXmef;Edkifonf//

227// // TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJumvu jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&ESifhodk hwnf;r[kwf jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&udk,fpm; _ Adwdo#EdkifiH&Sdbk&ifrif;jrwf.tpdk;ESifh/ tjcm;EdkifiHt}uD;tr+;okd hwnf;r[kwf tpdk;&wdk hcsKyfqdktwnfjzpfcJhaom pmcsKyfrsm;rSaomf‚if;/ ay:xGufvmaomw&m;r#wonfhwm0efrsm;udk/ tqdkygtjcm;EdkifiHuvnf;jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHESifhpyfv#OfI xm;&SdtyfaomyËdnOfrsm;udk wHk hjyefav;pm;ygu/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHuvnf;/ wHk hjyefav;pm;&rnff//

228// // TtajccHOya'tm%mwnfonfhae hY/ wnf&Sdaeaomw&m;&Hk;tm;vHk;onf TtajccHOya'ESifhtnD w&m;Oya'jzifhw&m;&Hk;opfrsm;udk rwnfaxmifor#/ qufvufI w&m;pD&ifydkifcGifhtm%mrsm;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf// tqdkygw&m;&Hk;rsm;wGif r_ yD;rjywfjzpfaeao;aom w&m;rr+rsm;/ &mZ0wfr+rsm;ESifh tcGefawmfr+rsm;udk/ TtajccHOya'tm%mrwnfao;bdouJhodk h _ yD;jywfatmifpD&if&rnf//

229// // TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJuvu/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&vufatmufwGiftr+xrf;cJh-uaom &mxl;r+xrf;rsm;onf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHutjcm;jyXmef;csufrðyor# qufvuftr+xrf;&rnf//

230// // óudwifrodrjrifEdkifaomtcuftcJrsm;udk/ txl;tm;jzifh 1935 ckESpf/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmfpD&iftkyfcsKyfr+tufOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;rS/ TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;odk hul;ajymif;&mwGif ay:aygufvmaomtcuftcJrsm;udk z,f&Sm;&efEdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrd.trdef hwGifoD;jcm;az:jyxm;aom umvmtydkif;tjcm;twGufajymif;jcif;jzpfaom‚if;/ ðyjyifxm;aom jyifqifcsufrsm;yg0ifonfh TtajccHOya'onf/ tusdK;oufa&muf&rnf[kEkdifiHawmforRwutrdef hxkwfIjyXmef;Edkifonf// tcef; 6 t&/ enf;vrf;uspGmzGJ hpnf;aomygvDref.yXrtpnf;ta0; usif;y_ yD;onfhaemuf Tyk'frt& xdkuJhodk haom trdef hudkrxkwf&/wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;t&/ ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfESpf&yfvHk;. tm%mrsm;udktoHk;ðyum/ Twdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfuqHk;jzwfcsufcsI oabmwlnDcsufray;v#if xdkuJhodk haomtrdef hudkrxkwf&//

231// // (1) tcef; 6 t&enf;usepGm zGJ hpnf;aomygvDref. yXrtpnf;ta0;udkusif;yonfhwdkifatmif/Twdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfonf / ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfESpf&yfvHk;.tm%mtm;vHk;/ wm0ef0wW&m;tm;vHk;ESifhtcGifhta&;tm;vHk;udkoHk;pGJaqmif&GufcHpm;&rnf//

(2) EdkifiHawmf,m,DorRwtjzpfjzifh/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufaomyk*~dKvfonf/ tcef; 5 t&/ EdkifiHawmforRwudkenff;vrf;usepGm a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfhwdkifatmif/ /jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH,m,DorRwjzpf&rnf// xdk hjyifxdkEdkifiHawmf,m,DorRwonf/ TtajccHOya'yuEdkifiHawmforRwtm; tyfESif;xm;aomtm%mtm;vHk;ESifhwm0ef0wW&m;tm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf//

EdkifiHawmf,m,DorRwtjzpfjzifh/ wrf;&Gufaom umvtydkif;tjcm;udk/ yk'fr 48 &Sd yk'frcGJ(2) t&/&mxl;oufwrf;udk wGufppf&mwGif xnfhoGif;Ira& wGuf&// (3) jynfaxmifpk,m,Dtpdk;&. 0ef}uD;csKyfESifh tjcm;0ef}uD;csKyfrsm;tjzpfjzifh wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfua&G;aumufwifajr‡mufaomyk*~dKvfrsm;onf/ tcef; 5 t& enf;vrf;usepGma&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aomEdkifiHawmforwWu/ yk'fr 56 &Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD tjcm;yk*~dKvfrsm;udk cef hxm;onfhwdkifatmif/ jynfaxmifpk,m,Dtpdk;&.0ef}uD;csKyfESifh tjcm;0ef}uD;rsm;jzpf&rnf//

232// // (1) tcef; 6 t& enf;vrf;usepGmzGJ hpnf;aom ygvDref.yXrtpnf;ta0;ukdusif;yonfhwdkifatmif— (u) wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf&Sd ya'o&mZf&Srf;jynfe,fpkqdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwf tm;vHk;jzifh/&Srf;jynfe,f,m,DaumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf// (c) wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf&Sd jrpf}uD;em;ESifhAef;armfc&dkifudk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;jzifh/ ucsifjynfe,f,m,DaumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf// (*) wdkif;jynfðyv$wfwfawmf&Sdu&iftrsdK;om;qdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;jzifh/ u&ifa&;&maumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf/ (C) wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf&Sd/ u&ifeDe,frsm;qdkif&mudkpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;jzifh‚if;/ EdkifiHawmf,m,DorRwu u&ifjynfe,frS a&G;cs,fcef hxm;aomESpfOD;xufrydkonffh tjcm;yk*~dKvfjzifh‚if;/ u&ifjynfe,f,m,DaumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf//

(i) wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf&Sd/ csif;awmifrsm;c&dkifESifh &cdkifawmifweff;e,fy,fqdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;jzifh/ csif;a&;&maumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf// (2) qdkcJhaom,m,D aumifpDtoD;oD;onf/ tcef; 9 t&zGJ hpnf;aomoufqdkif&maumifpDtoD;oD;.tm%mtm;vHk;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;tm;udkoHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf//·233// // TtajccHOya't&usif;yaom yXrtrwfa&G;aumufyGJudk/ TtajccHOya'tm%mwnfonfhae hrSpI 18 v twGif;wGif usif;y&rnf//

234// // TtajccHOya'onf EdkifiHawmf,m,DortRwu xkwfjyefausnmaomae hwGif/ tm%mwnf&rnf//xdkae honfjrefrmouU&mZf/ 1310 ckESpf/ uqkefvqef; * &ufae h (c&pfouU&Zf/ 1948 ckESpf/ {_ yDv 15 &ufae h)atmufaemufrusap& //· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “3” / “4” / “5”

yXrZ,m; //yXrZ,m; // usrf;opPmqdkcsuf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfuwdopPmqdkcsufyHkpH //

¡ yk'fr 72 udk-unfh // ¢u|Ekfyfæææææ onf/ jynfol hv$wfawmf§vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf trwftjzpfaa&G;cs,fjcif; cH&_ yDdd;jzpfojzifh/jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiH.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'udkwnf_ rJatmifxdrf;odrf;I/ w&m;Oya'rsm;udkapmifha&Smufygrnf// xdk hjyif,cku|Ekyfaqmif&Gufrnfjzpfaomwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkvnf;/ wnf=unf ajzmifhrSwfrSefuefpGm aqmif&Gufrnf[k av;eufwnf=unfpGmusrf;opPmqdkygonf // (uwdopPmqdkygonf ) //

'kwd,Z,m; //'kwd,Z,m; //vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfzGJ hpnf;yHk //

¡ yk'fr 87 udk=unfh// ¢vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmftrwfae&m 125 ae&m&Sdonfhteuf—

(u) ESpfq,fhig;ae&mudk/ &Srf;jynfe,frS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh jznfhoGif;&rnf//(c) wq,fhESpfae&mudk/ ucsifjynfe,frS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifhjznfhoGif;&rnf//(*) &Spfae&mudk/ csif;0daoowdkif;rS ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifhjznfhoGif;&rnf//(C) oHk;ae&mudk/ u&ifeDjynfe,frS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh jznfhoGif;&rnf//·(i) ESpfq,fhav;ae&mudk/ u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;.udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh jznfhoGif;&rnf//·(p) ig;q,fhoHk;ae&mudk/ jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd usefe,fajrrsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifhjznfhoGif;&rnf//

· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “7”

wwd,Z,m;//pm&if; 1 pm&if; 1 —— jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHOya'ðypm&if;// jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHOya'ðypm&if;//

¡ yk'fr 92 (1) udk=unfh // ¢

1// // umuG,fa&;// //qdkvdk&if;rSma,bk,stm;jzifhEdkifiHawmfumuG,fa&;twGufpDrHjyifqifjcif;/ppfwGif;umvwGifppfatmifEdkifa&;ESifh ppft+yD;wGifppfwyfrsm;udkxda&mufpGm zsufodrf;Edkifa&;wdk htwGufpDrHaqmif&Gufjcif;wdk hyg0ifaomjynfgaxmifpkEdkifiHESifhwuG jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.umuG,fa&;/ xdk hjyiftxl;tm;jzifh— (1) a&wyf/ ukef;wyf/ avwyfrsm;zGJ hpnf;a&;/ avhusifha&;/ xm;&Sda&;ESifh }uD;=uyftkyfcsKyfa&;rsm;/jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudkumuG,f&ef‚if;/ xdkwyfrsm;udktoHk;ðya&;// (2) umuG,fa&;qdkif&mpufr_vufr_vkyfief;rsm;// (3) a&wyf/ ukef;wyf/ avwyfrsm;ESifhoufqdkifaomvkyfief;rsm;// (4) wyfajra'orsm;wGif a'oEW&udk,fydkif tkyfcsKyfa&;/ xdka'orsm;twGif; wyfajrtm%mydkifrsm;zGJ hpnf;a&;ESifh tm%mrsm;tyfESif;a&;/ xdka'orsm;twGif; tdrfae&mxdkifcif;pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfay;a&;ESifhxdka'orsm;. e,fedrdwfowfrSwfa&;rsm;// (5) vufeufrsm;/ tajrmufaorwfrsm;/ cJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm;ESifh aygufuGJaponfh0wKypPnf;rsm;//

(6) tEk¹r_"gwftm;ESifh xdk'gwftm;jzpfxGef;vmap&ef ta&;ygaom "gwfowKyif&if;tajcajrpfrsm;//(7) ppfqifa&;//

2// // jynfya&;&m//(1)oHwrefqdkif&m/aumifppf0efqdkif&m/ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;qdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,fcef hxm;a&;//(2)urBmhukvor*~//(3)jynfaxmifcsif;csif;nDvmcHrsm;/ toif;rsm;Esifhtjcm;tzGJ hrsm;wGifyg0ifaqmif&Gufa&;EsifhxdknDvmcHt

oif;tzGJ hwdk h. qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udktxajrmufapa&;// (4) ppfa=unma&;ESifh ppfajyndrf;a&;//

(5) tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;ESifh/ pmcsKyfrsm;oabmwlnDcsufrsm;udk csKyfqdka&;ESifhtxajrmufapa&;//(6) EdkifiHjcm;rsm;ESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fjcif;udk pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfa&;//(7) EdkifiHjcm;Esifhacs;iSm;a&;//(8)EdkifiHom;rsm;/ EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;/ EdkifiHom;tjzpfcH,ljcif;/ EdkifiHom;tjzpf&yfpJjcif;//(9)Jjypfr_usL;vGefolrsm;tm; oufqdkif&mEdkifiHodk hay;tyf&efESifh oufqdkif&mEdkifiHrSawmif;qdka&;//

(10) EdkifiHul;'vufrSwfrsm;ESihfADZmrsm;// (11) EdkifiHjcm;pD&ifydkifcGiftm%m// (12) yifv,fa&a=umif;pD&DydkifcGifhtm%m// (13) yifv,f"jrr_rsm;/ yifv,fjyifY‚if;/ aumif;uif,HY‚if;/ tjynfjynfqdkif&m w&m;Oya'rsm;udkusL;vGefaomjypfr_rsm;// (14) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHwGif;odk h0ifcGifhðya&;/ EdkifiHrSxGufcGifhðya&;ESifhjynfESif'g%fay;a&;rsm;// (15) EdkifiHawmfydkifyifv,fe,fedrdwftjyifty&Sd wHigvkyfief;trsdK;rsdK;// (16) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&u owfrSwfxm;aom taumufe,fedrdwfrsm;udkjzwfoef;I ,laqmifvmaom0ifukefESifh xGufukef//

3// // qufoG,fa&; (1) oabFmqdyfurf;rsm;ESifh wuGjynfaxmifpk tzGJ h0ifwckrS wckodk h ul;pufwwfaoma&m*gumuG,fa&;

(uGm&efwif;)/ oabFmom;aq;&Hk;rsm;ESifh yifv,fa&a=umif;qdkif&maq;&Hkrsm;odk h/ xdk hjyifqdyfurf;uGm&efwif;qdkif&maq;&Hk;rsm;//

(2) ava=umif;c&D;vrf;rsm;//(3) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.ukef;vrf;/ a&vrf;rsm;jzifhonf[kjynfaxmifpktpdk;&u ausnmxm;aomukef;vrf;

a&vrf;rsm;//(4) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&u/ jynfaxmifpka&vrf;rsm; jzpfonf[ka=unmxm;aom jynfwGif;a&vrf;rsm;wGif/

pufjzpf ckwfarmif;onfha&,Ofrsm;jzifho,f,lydk haqmifa&;Esifhc&D;oGm; vma&;/ xdka&vrf;rsm;qdkif&moGm;vmr_enf;Oya'rsm;/ xdka&vrf;rsm;wwGifc&D;onfrsm;ESifh ukefypPnf;rsm;o,f,lydk haqmifa&;//

(5) rD;&xm;rsm;//(6) a&wuf a&us&Sdaoma&vrf;rsm;wGifo,f,lydk haqmifa&;ESifhoGm;vma&;vnf;yg0ifaomyifv,fc&D;

o,f,lydk haqmifa&;ESifh oGm;vma&;//(7) qdyfurf;}uD;rsm;/ qdkvdk&if;rSm xdkqdyfurf;}uD;rsm; ausnma&;ESifhe,ffedrdwfowfrSwfa&;/xdk hjyifqdyf

urf;qdkif&mtm%mydkifrsm;zGJ hpnf;a&;ESifhxdktm%mydkifwdk h. tm%mrsm;//(8) av,mOfysHrsm;/ ava=umif;c&D;oGm;vma&;/ av,mOfysHuGif;rsm;pDrHxm;&Sda&;/ ava=umif;c&D;oGm;vm

r_ESifh av,mOfysHuGif;rsm;twGuf pnf;rsOf;ysXmef;jcif;EsifhzGJ hpnf;a&;rsm;//(9) yifv,fa&a=umif;jzpfap/ ava=umif;jzifhjzpfap/ c&D;onfrsm;ESifhukefpnfydk haqmifa&;//(10)avS/ oabFESifhav,mOFysHrsm;ab;&ef uif;a&;twGuf rD;jyoabFrsm;/ rD;jytxdrf;trSwfrsm;ESifhtjcm;

pDrHcsufrsm;yg0ifaomrD;jywdkufrsm;//(11) pmydk haqmifa&;ESifh a=u;eef;qufoG,fa&;/ pum;ajyma=u;eef;qufoG,fa&;/ 0dkif,mvuf/

toHv$ifha&;ESifh/ tjcm;tvm;wlqufoG,fa&;rsm;//

4// // b¾ma&;//(1) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHudktajcðyIaiGacs;,ljcif;//(2) EdkifiHjcm;odk hydk haomxGufukefrsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyffaomtaumufawmfvnf;yg0ifonfhtaumuf

awmfvnf;yg0ifonfhtaumufawmfrsm;//(3) EdkifiHjzpfypPnf;cGefrsm;/ xdktcGefrsm;wGifjynfe,fOya'ðypm&if;Ya&wGufaz:jyxm;aom taumuftcGef

rsm;ryg/ odk h&mwGifv#yfppf"gwftm;&atmifðyjcif;/ oHk;pGJjcif;wdk hay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;ygonf//(4) ukefpnfa&mif;0,fjcif;wdk htay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//(5) ukr%Drsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//

(6) tjrwfawmfcGefrsm;//(7) wOD;wa,mufydkifypPnf;rsm;./ odk hwnf;r[kwfukrDydkifypPnf;rsm;.wefbdk;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomt

cGefrsm;//(8) ukr%D.aiG&if;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//(9) uG,fvGefolydkif ypPnf;rsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaom tcGefESifhypPnf;qufcHcGefrsm;//(10) tjrwf}uD;cGef//(11) aiGpkb%f//

(12)aiGv$JpmcsKyfrsm;csufvbufrSwfrsm;atmf'DrefpmcsKyfrsm;ESifh trjcm;pmcsKyfrsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomwHqdyfawmfcGefrsm;//

(13) rD;&xm;jzifh‚if;/./ yifv,fa&a=umif;c&D;jzifh‚if;/ ava=umif;c&D;jzifh‚if;/ oGm;vmo,f,lydk haqmifaomc&D;onfESifh ukefypPnf;rsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomc&D;cGefrsm;//

(14) rD;&xm;vlpD;cESifhukefwifctay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//(15) Tpm&if;&SdudpPwckckESifhpyfv#Of;I &&SdaomtcGefrsm;/ odk h&mwGifw&m;v$wfawmf.vufatmufcHw

&m;&Hk;rsm;Y aumufcH &&SdaomtcGefrsm;ryg0ifacs//

5// // t&yf&yfqdkif&m//(1) oD;oef hb%f/ b%fzGJ hpnf;a&;EsifhaiGpuULxkwfa&;wdk hyg0ifaomb%fvkyfief;//(2) aiGpuUL/ '*Fg;oGef;cyfa&;ESifh w&m;0ifaiG//(3) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudpPrsm;twGufpHkprf;jcif;/ ppfaq;=unfh&_jcif;ESifh ppfwrf;,ljcif;//(4) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudpPrsm;twGufypPnf;&,la&;//

(5)jynfaxmifpkwEdkifiHvHk; twGufta&;ygt&ma&mufonf[kjynfaxmifpkw&m;Oya'ujyXmef;aomjywdkuf/ pm=unfhwdkufESifhtjcm;tvm;wltzGJ htpnf;rsm;// (6) atmufygudpP&yfrsm;twGuf jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ hESifh tzGJ hpnf;rsm;/ qdkvdk&if;rSmokawoeðya&;/ oufarG;r_ynmESifhpufr_vufr_ynmoif=um;a&;/ odk hwnf;r[kwftxl;ynm&yfrsm;oif=um;a&;udktm;ay;csD;jr‡ifh&efjzpfonf// (7) oef;acgif;pm&if;// (8) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH0efxrf;tzGJ hrsm;// (9) zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ ygvDrefodk h trwfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;// (10) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmforRw. vpmESifh pm&dwfa=u;aiGrsm;/ 0ef}uD;csKyfESifh jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;rsm;. VpmESifhpm&dwfaiGa=u;rsm;/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXESifh 'kwd,OuUXwdk h.vpmrsm;/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,uESifh 'kwd,em,uwdk h.vpmrsm;/ ygvDreftrwfrsm;. vpmp&dwfESifhtcGifhta&;rsm;// (11) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtay:Ywif&SdaomaºuG;+rD// (12) &mZ0wfOya'ESifhusifhxHk;// (13) w&m;Oya'ESifhusifhxHk;/ txl;tm;jzifhxdkOya'ESifhusifhxHk;wdk hwGifuav;oli,frsm;ESifht&G,f ra&mufao;olrsm;/ arG;pm;jcif;/ ypPnf;v$Jajymif;a&;/ ,HkyHkv$Jtyfxm;ojzifh pDrHydkifcGifh&dSolrsm;ESifh xdkodk hodk hv$Jtyfxm;a&;/yËdnmOfrsm;/ tEknmwpD&ifqHk;jzwfa&;/ vlrGJpmcHa&;/ w&m;pGJqdkifydkifcGifh&Sdaom epfemcsufrsm;/ &l;oGyfjcif;wk hESifhpyfv#Of;aom w&m;Oya'rsm;yg0ifonf// (14) oufaocHOya'// (15) a&S haevdfkufjcif;/ aq;ukojcif;/ tjcm;twwfynmrsm;jzifhtoufarG;jcif;// (16) owif;pmrsm;/ pmtkyfrsm;EsifhpmyHkESdyfpufrsm;// (17) tqdyfrsm;ESifhab;tEW&,fjzpfapwwfaomaq;rsm;//

(18) pufjzpfckwfarmif;aom,mOfrsm;// (19) ukefpnfvkyfudkifaom,mOfrsm;// (20) tvkyform;rsm;tusdK;wdk;yGg;a&;/ tvkyform;wdk h.tajctae/ tvkyf&Sifrsm;.wm0ef0wW&m;ESifhtvkyform;av#mfa=u;/ usef;rma&;tmrcHpepf/ tdkrif;rpGrf;yif&Sifrsm;// (21) tvkyfvufrJhtmrcHpHepfrsm;// (22) tvkyform;tpnf;t&Hk;rsm;/ pufr_vufr_qdkif&mESifhtvkyform;qdkif&myËdyuQr_rsm;// (23) v#yfppf"gwf// (24) tmrcHpHepf// (25) ukr%DOya'// (26) csufvufrSwfrsm;/ aiGv$JpmcsKyfrsm;/ atmf'DrefpmcsKyfrsm;ESifhtjcm;tvm;wlpmcsKyfrsm;// (27) pmr_ydkif/ topfxGifjcif;/ r_ydkifcGifhrSwfyHkwifjcif;/ ukefrSwfwHqdyfrsm;/ ukefwHqdyfrsm;/ ukefyHkpHrsm;// (28) pDrHudef;ðyjcif;// (29) ajr&SifESifh oD;pm;wdk hqufqHa&;/ ajriSg;cawmif;cHa&;wdk hyg0ifaomajr,mydkifcGifhpHepfpnf;rsOf;owfrSwfa&;/ ajr,mv$Jajymif;jcif;/ ajr,mpGef hv$wfjcif;/ ajr,mqufcHapjcif;rsm;// (30) a&S;a[mif;ESifh&mZ0iftxdrf;trSwfrsm; / a&S;a[mif;ausmufpmwnfae&mrsm;ESifh a&S;a[mif;tºuGif;tusefrsm;// (31) tav; wif;awmif; ponfwdk hudkpHðyjcif;// (32) bdef;/ odk h &mwGifbdef;tay:Y aumufcHaom,pfrsdK;cGefrsm;ryg (33) a&eHESifhjynfaxmifpk w&m;Oya' ab;tEW&,f jzpfavmufatmifavmifu|rf;apwwfonf[kowfrSwfxm;aom tjcm;t&nftcJtp&Sdonfrsm;// (34) jynfaxmifpkw&m;Oya'u jynfaxmifpktpkd;&.}uD;=uyfftkyfcsKyfjcif;jzifh jynfol htusdK;iSmoifhav#mfonf[k jyXmef;xm;aompufr_vufr_vkyfief;rsm;udkwdk;wufatmifapmif&Gufa&;// (35) or0g,rtoif;rsm;// (36) opfawmrsm;/ owWKwGif;rsm;/ a&eHajrrsm;udk owfrSwfa&;/ owWKwGif;rsm;udkwl;az:I wdk;wufatmifðya&;/ ( owWKwGif;rsm;ESifha&eHajrrsm; owfrSwfa&;udpPwGif tvkyform;ta&;ESifh tvkyfform;ab;uif;a&;wdk hyg0ifonf )// (37) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;wGifa&$ hajymif;aexdkifa&;//

(38) Tpm&if;wGifa&wGufaz:jyxm;aomudpPrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I/ &Hk;tm;vHk;.pD&ifydkifcGifhtm%mESifhtm%mrsm;// (39) Tpm&if;&SdudpPrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I w&*m;Oya;rsm;udkusL;vGefaomjypfr_rsm;// (40) pm&if; 2 wGifa&wGufaz:jyxm;jcif;r&Sdaom tjcm;udpPrsm;//

pm&if; 2pm&if; 2—— jynfe,fOya'ðypm&if;//¡ yk'fr 92 (2) udk=unfh ¢

1// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'qdkif&mudpPrsm;// (1) TzGJ h pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,f.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'ðyjcif;//

(2) jynfe,f0efxrf;rsm;tzGJ hrsm;ESifh jynfe,f&mxl;0eftzGJ h//(3) ynfe,fyif&Sifrsm;/ qdkvdk&if;rSmjynfe,fu ay;&rnfjzpfaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf jynfe,ftcGefb¾m

awmfrsm;rS ay;&rnfjzpfaomyif&Sifrsm;//

(4) jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ h0ifrsm;.vpmrsm;/ jynfe,faumifpDobmywd.vmpmrsm;/ jynfe,faumifpDtrwfrsm;. vpmp&dwfESifh tcGifhta&;rsm;//2// // pD;yGg;a&;udpPrsm;//

(1) v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;/ u|JEGm;wd&dp>mefaxmifrsm;ESifh u|JEGm;wd&dp>mefausmfeif;0ifa&mufr_wm;qD;a&;//(2) jynfe,ftwGif;&SdwHigvkyfief;rsm;//(3) ajr,m/ ajrcGefawmf/ ajr,mwdk;wuf aumif;rGefa&;ESifhv,f,mtrawmfa=u;rsm;/ pkaygif;Iae&m

topfwnfjcif;/ aºuG;+rDtaygiftESHruif;aomajr,mypPnf;taqmufttHkrsm;ESifh0&rf;twyfcH&aom ajr,mypPnf;taqmufttHkrsm;/ &wemodkufrsm;//

(4) jynfe,fodk htyfESif;xm;aom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfjynfe,f.vuf&Sdjzpfaomvkyfief;rsm;ajrrsm;ESifhtaqmufttHkrsm;//

(5) aps;rsm;ESifhyGJaps;rsm;//(6) a&/ qdkvdk&if;rSm a&ay;oGif;jcif;/ qnfajrmif;rsm;/ wl;ajrmif;rsm;/ a&v$wfajrmif;rsm;ESifha&umwmrsm;/

a&avSmifuefrsm;/ odk h&mwGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwe,frSwe,fodk hjzwfoef;pD;qif;v#uf&Sdaomjrpfrsm;ESifha&a=umif;rsm;rygacs//

(7) vlcGefESifho\ar"tcGefawmf//(8) jynfe,ftwGif;wGifvkyfudkifaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxGufaom atmufaz:jyygukefypPnf;rsm;tay:wGif

pnf;=uyfaomEdkifiHjzpfypPnf;taumuftcGefrsm;ESifh jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;&Sdtjcm; a'orsm;wGifvkyfudkifaom/odk hwnf;r[kwf xGufaomtvm;wlukefypPnf;rsm; tay:wGifpnf;=uyfonfh E_dif;n‡dtaumuftcGefrsm;// (u) aomufoHk;aomaoa&ao&uf// (c) bdef;// (*) aq;ajcmuf/ r_;,pf xHkxdkif;apwwfaomaq;rsm;/ rr_;r,pfxHkxdkif;apwwfaomaq;rsm;// (C) t&ufysHygaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf txufyg (c) ESifh (*) wGifaz:jyxm;aom t&m0wWKrsm;yg0ifonfhaq;rsm;ESifh vloHk;ukefrsm;//

(9) ukefpnful;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ESifhtvkyftudkifrsm; tay:wGifpnf;usyfaomtcGefrsm;//(10) wd&dp>mefrsm;ESifh a&,Ofrsm;tay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//(11) yGJvrf;obifaysmf&$ifr_rsm;ESifh avmif;wrf;upm;jcifrsm; tay:wGifpnf;usyfaomtcGefrsm;//(12) uif;cGefrsm; ( taumufrsm; ) //

3// // vHk+cHKa&;//(1) jynfol h+idrf0yfydjym;a&; ( odk h&mwGif jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. ukef;wyf a&wyf qvwyfwdk hudk toHk;ðyjcif;

rygacs ) //(2) aus;&Gm&mZ0wftr_xrf;tzGJ hyg0ifaom &mZ0wftr_xrf;tzGJ h//(3) w&m;pD&ifjcif;/ w&m;v$wfawmf.vufatmufcH &Hk;rsm;zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkESifh xdk&Hk;rsm;u&&SdaomtccGef

rsm;/ jynfol h+idrf0yfydjym;a&;twGuf umuG,faomoabmjzifh csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;/ xdk hodk hcsKyfaESmifjcif;cH&olrsm;//(4) Tpm&if;wGifaz:jyxm;aom udpPwckckESifhpyfv#Of;I/ w&m;v$wqfawmfvufatmufcH&Hk;rsm;. pD&ifydkif

cGif htm%mESifhtm%mrsm;//(5) tusOf;axmifrsm;/ xdktusOf;axmifrsm;wGif tusOf;cHae&aomolrsm;/ tusOf;axmifrsm;ESifhtvm;wl

Xmersm;udktoHk;ðyEdkif&ef tjcm;jynfe,frsm;ESifhpDpOfjcif;//(6) Tpm&if;wGifaz:jyxm;onfh udpPwckckESifhpyfv#Of;I/ w&m;Oya'rsm;udkusL;vGefaomjypfr_rsm;//

4// //qufoG,fa&;//(1) jynfe,f.e,fedrdwfudkrausmfvGefaomvrf;rsm;/ wHwm;rsm;/ ul;wdkk hrsm;ESifhtjcm;qufoG,fa&;rsm;//(2) ¹r_eDy,f "gwf&xm;rsm;/ óud;vrf;rsm;//(3) jynfwGif; a&vrf;rsm;ESifh xdka&vrf;rsm;wGiff oGm;vmo,f,lydk haqmifa&;//(4) rD;&xm;rSwyg;/ jynfe,ftwGif;wGifvkyfaqmifEdkifaoma'oEW&vkyfief;rsm;// // xdkvkyfief;rsm;onf/

jynfe,faumifpDESifhpDpOfjcif;aomf‚if;/ tjcm;enf;aom‚if;ðyum/ rnfonfhvkyfief;udkrqdkjynfaxmifpkwEdkifiHvHk;twGuf ta&;ygt&ma&mufaom vkyfief;[lIausnmEdkifI/ xdkvkyfief;vkyfaqmifa&;twGuf pDrHEDkifaomygvDref.tm%mESifhrqef husifap&//

5// // ynma&;//(1) ynmoif=um;a&; ( TtajccHOya' tm%mwnfonf rSpI/ q,fESpfjzpfaomumvtydkif;tjcm;

ukefvGef+yD;aemuf ygvDrefutjcm;jyXmef;csufrðyv#if‚if;/ wuUodkvfynm/ txufwef;ynmpufr_vufr_ynmESifh txufwef;oufarG;r_ynnmwdk hrygacs )//

(2) jynfe,fu}uD;=uyftkyfcsKyfaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf aiGaxmufyHhaomynma&;qdkif&mtzGJ htpnf;rsm;//(3) jynfe,fu}uD;=uyftkyfcsKyfaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfaiGaxmufyHhaompm=unfhwdkufrsm;/ jywdkufrsm;ESifh

tvm;wltzGJ htpnf;rsm;//(4)Zmwf&Hkrsm;/ uyGJobifrsm;/ &kyf&Sifrsm;/ odk h&mwGifjyo&efjzpfaom &kyf&Sifum;ynwfa&;twGuftrdef h

ay;jcif;rygacs//

6// // jynfol husef;rma&;//(1) jynfol husef;rma&;ESifhoef h&Sif;pifus,fa&;//(2) aq;&Hkrsm;/ 'kuQdw&Hkrsm;/ aq;ay;&Hk;rsm;wnfaxmifa&;/ xm;&Sda&;ESifhpDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;//(3) arG;zGm;jcif;/ aoqHk;jcif;Esifhxdrf;jr‡m;jcif;wdk hudkrSwfyHkwifjcif;//(4) ajrjr‡m;jcif;wdk hudkrSwfyHkwifjcif;//(5) ajrjr‡Kyfo+*õKvfjcif;ESifh ocsõif;ajrrsm;//

7// // a'oEW&tkyfcsKyfa&;//(1) a'oEW&udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfaus;&GmtkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf ¹r_eDpy,frsm;ESifh tjcm;

a'oEW& tm%mydkifrsm; //(2) ukodvfjzpftzGJ htpnf;rsm;//

8// // t&yf&yfqdkif&m//(1) vlqif;&Jrsm;u,fq,faxmufyHa&;//(2) Tpm&if;wGifaz:jyxm;onfhudpPrsm;ESifh pyfv#Of;IpHkprf;jcif;/ ppfwrf;,ljcif;//(3) EdkifiHawmforwW.xifjrifcsufwGifa'oEW&oabmr#omouf0ifonf[lIaomf‚if;/ jynfe,fwGif;a&;

&moabmr#om ouf0ifonf[lIaomf‚if;/ [lqjcif;cH&aomudpPrsm;//

pwkwKZ,m;//

jynfe,ftcGefawmfpm&if;//jynfe,ftcGefawmfpm&if;//¡ yk'fr 96 udk=unfh// ¢

1// // ajrcGefawmf// (u) ajrcGefawmfoufouf// (c) wHigvkyfief;rsm;qdkif&miSg;crsm;ESifhtccGefrsm;// (*) a&eHtay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomrcGef// (C) wGif;xGuf ypPnf;rsm;tay:Ypnf;=uyfaomtcGefESifh wGif;xGufypPnf;ydkifqdkifcGifhrsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;// (i) =uufaygifap;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;// (p) vlcGefESifh o\arwtcGefawmfrsm;//

2// // jynfe,ftwGif;wGifvkyfudkifaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxGufaom atmufaz:jyyg ukefypPnf;rsm;tay:wGifaumufcHonfh EdkifiHjzpfypPnf;taumuftcGefrsm;ESifh jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;&Sdtjcm;a'orsm;wGifvkyfudkifaom/odk hwnf;r[kwfxGufaom tvm;wlukefypPnf;rsm;tay:wGif pnf;=uyfonfh E_dif;n‡dtaumuftcGefrsm;// (u) aomufoHk;aomao&nfao&uf// (c) bdef;// (*) aq;ajcmuf/ r_;,pfxHk;xdkif;apwwfaomaq;rsm;/ rr_;r,pfrxHkrxdkif;apwwfaomaq;rsm;// (C) t&ufysHygaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf txufyg (c) ESifh (*) wGifaz:jyxm;onfht&m0wKrsm;yg0ifonfhaq;rsm;/ vSoef hukefrsm;//

3// // w&m;v$wfawmf.vufatmufcH w&m;&Hk;rsm;YaumufcH&&SdaomtccGefrsm;//4// // opfawmrsm;//5// // rSwfyHkjcif;//6// // ukefpnful;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ESifh tvkyftudkifrsm;tay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//7// // wd&p>mefrsm;ESifha&,Ofrsm;tay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//*// // yGJvrf;obifaysmf&$ifr_rsm;/ avmif;wrf;upm;jcif;rsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomtcGefawmfrsm;//9// // jynfe,farmfawmf,OfcGeftufOya'rsm;t& pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//10// // qnfajrmif;XmerS aumufcH&&SdaomtcGefrsm;//11// // jynfe,ftcGefawmfrsm;rS xkwfacs;ojzifh&aom twdk;rsm;ESifhjynfe,fu&if;E_D;aomtcGefaiGrS&aomtwdk;rsm;//12// // jynfe,f0ifrsm;rS jynfe,fodk hay;aomqufa=u;rsm;//13// // jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHrSayaomaxmufyHhaiGrsm;//14// // tccGefrsm;/ '%faiGrsm;/ jynfe,fydkifypPnf;rsm;a&mif;&aiGESifh iSg;&rf;I&aomiSg;crsm;/ ydk ay;xm;ojzifhjyefvnf&&SdaomaiG/ txufaz:jyyg udpPESifhatmufaz:jyygudpPwckckESifh pyfv#Of;Iaomf‚if; tr_xrf;aqmif&aoma=umifhay;aqmif&aomaiGrsm;// (u) w&m;pD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;// (c) tusOf;axmifrsm;ESifh tusOf;om;rsm;xm;&ma'orsm;//

(*) &mZ0wftr_xrf;tzGJ hrsm;// (C) ynma&;// (i) aq;bufqdkif&m//

(p) jynfol husef;rma&;//

(q) v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;//(Z) wd&dp>mefaq;ukoa&;//

(ps) or0g,rtoif;//(n) arG;zGm;jcif;/ aoqHk;jcif;Esifhxdrf;jrm;jcif;wdk hudkrSwefyHkwifjcif;//(Ë ) +rdK hjye,fy,fqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;//(X) jynfe,f ,mxrf; r_xrf;rsm;tm; tdkdrif;rpGrf;ojzpfI t+idrf;pm;ay;&efaxmufyHhaiGrsm;//(È) pma&;ud&d,mESifh pmyHkESdyfjcif;//(Ê) ydkif&Sifray:aomoGif;xm;aiGrsm;//(%) &wemodkuf//(w) uif;cGeffrsm; ( taumuftrsm; )//(x) txl;&&SdaiGrsm;//

aemufqufwGJrsm; //aemufqufwGJ “1”

orwWtdrfawmf//.

ausnmcsuf//ausnmcsuf// orwWtdrfawmf/ &efukefòrd h//1319 ck/ jymodkvqkwf 9 &uf//

(1948 ck/ ZEMm0g&Dv 4 &uf )

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya't&EdkifiHawmf,m,DorwWu xdkzGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'onf ouU&Zf 1390 ckESpf/ jymodkvqef; 9 &uf (1948 ck/ZEMm0g&Dv 4 &uf ) ae hrSpItm%mwnf&rnf[k atmufygtwdkif; xkdae hwGifausnmonf// “zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya't& jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.EdkifiHawmf ,m,DorwWjzpfaom u|Ekfyfpyfa&$odkufonf/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu Oya'tjzpftwnfðyvdkufaom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. ZGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'tm;/ 1309 ck/ jymodkvqkwf 9 &uf (1948 ck/ ZEMm0g&Dv 4 &uf ) ae hwGiftm%mwnf&rnf[kausnmvdkufonf // pyfa&$odkuf//”

trdef ht&/a&$abmf/

EdkifiHawmforwWtwGif;0ef

aemufqufwGJ “2”zGJ hpnf;tkyfzGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'wGif jyifqifcsufrsm;tajccHOya'wGif jyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvkyfcJhðyvkyfcJh

jcif;jzpfpOf tusOf;csKyfjcif;jzpfpOf tusOf;csKyf · ·

1// // OuUXurSm;,Gif;onfhpmvHk;rsm;ESifh Oya' (rl) udk rxdcdkufonfh trSm;t,Gif;rsm;udkjyifqifjcif;// //zGJ hpnf; tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu 1947 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv24 &ufae hwGiftwnfðycJh

ygonf// TuJhodk htwnfðycJh+yD;aemuf/ tajccHOya'wGif yHkEdSyfrSm;,Gif;jcif;ESifh r_udkrxdcdkufonfhtrSm;rsm;udkjyifqifEdkif&ef/ wdkif;jynfðyvGwfawmfu tqdkyg 1947 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 24 &ufae hwGifyif atmufygtwdkif; tqdkw&yfudkjyXmef;twnfðy+yD;/ OuUXtm; jyifqifEdkifcGifhtm%m ay;tyfcJhygonf//

tqdk“v$wfawmfOuUXtm; yHkESdyfxm;onfh zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'pmtkyfwGif rSm;,GifhpmvHk;rsm;ESifh Oya'(r_)udkrxdcdkufonfhtrSm;rsm;udk jyifqifEDkifcGifhtwGuf tm%may;onf//”TuJhodk htm%may;tyfcsuft& OuUXu 1947 ckESpf/ 'DzifbmvtwGif;u—

(1)yk'fr 64 / yk'frcGJ (1)/ jrefrmpmr_wwd,pma=umif;wGif“rpGrf;raqmifEdkifaomtcg/ xdktcgwrsdK;rsdK;wGif”[laompmydk'ftpm;/ “rpGrf;raqmifEdkifaomtcg rnfonfhtcgYrqdk jrefrmEdkifiHorwW&mxl; vpfvyfaomtcgxdktcgwrsdK;rsdK;wGif” [;aomydkf'fudk xnfhoGif;I‚if;/

(2) yk'fr 65/ t*Fvdyfpmr_ 'kwd, pma=umif;wGif “ Union Parliament ” [laompum;&yftpm;/“Parliament” [laompmum;&yfudkxnfhoGif;I‚if;/

(3) yk'fr 75/ t* Fvdyfpmr+ yOPrpma=umif;wGif “requirements” [laom pum;&yftpm;“therequirements ” [laom pum;&yfudkxnfhoGif;I‚if;/

(4) yk'fr 92 / tydk'fcGJ (1) / jrefrmpmr_'kwd,tydk'f&Sd wwd,pma=umif;wGif“jynfaxmifpkygvDref” [laompum;m&yftpm; / “ygvDref” [laompum;&yfudk xnfhoGif;I‚if;/

(5) yk'fr 114/ jrefrmpmr_ yXrpma=umif;tpwGif “jrefrmEdkifiHawmforwWonf” [laomtoHk;pum;&yfudky,fzsuf&ef‚if;/

(6) yk'fr 164/ yk'frcGJ (1) tqHk;wGif “odk hwnf;r[kwfwifoGif;ap&rnf//” [kaompum;&yfudkjznfhoGif;I‚if;//(7) yk'fr 177/ tydk'fcGJ (1) jrefrmpmr_tqHk;wGif “odk hwnf;r[kwfwIfoGif;ap&rnf//” [laompum;&yfudk

jznfhoGif;I‚if;/

1959 ckESpfwGif yHkESdyfonfh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfygvDref/ jynfol hv$wfawmftrwfrsm; vufpGJpmtkyfwGifyg&Sdaom zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'Y jyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvkyfcJhjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;onf haz:jycsufrsm;jzpfygonf//

(8) yk'fr 186/ tydk'fcGJ (2) jrefrmpmr_aemufqHk; pma=umif;wGif “v$wfawmf.” [laompum;&yftpm;/“v$wfawmfcsKyf.” [laompum;&yfudk‚if;/ xdkyk'fr&Sd tydkf'fcGJ (3) 'kwd,pma=umif;wGif“w&m;v$wfawmfu”[laompum;&yftpm;/ “w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu” [laompum;&yfudkxnfhoGif;I‚if;/ (9) yk'ffr 139/ tydkf'fcGJ (1) jrefrmpmr_tqHk;wGif “odk hwnf;r[kwfwifoGif;ap&rnf” [laompum;&yfudkjznfhoGif;I‚if;/ (10) yk'fr 226/ yk'frcGJ (2) t*Fvdyfpmr_ pma=umif;a& 4 wGif/ “Union Parliament” [laompum;&yftpm; “Parliament” [laompum;&yfudkxnfhoGif;I‚if;jyifqifjcif;rsm;udkðyvkyfcJhygonf//

2// // wdkif;jynfðyvGwfawmfu OuUX.jyifqifEdkifcGifhtm%mtwGif; tusHK;r0ifonfhjyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvkyfjcif;//// EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyf/ EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfESifh w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;rsm;ESifh w&m;v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;rsm; cef@xm;jcif;ESihfywfoufonfh yk'fr 129/ yk'fr 140/ yk'frcGJ (1)ESifh yk'fr 140/ yk'frcGJ (2)t*Fvdyfpmr_ESifh jrefrmpmr_udk 1948 ckESpf/ ZEM0g&D 3 &ufae hwGifusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;Y/wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfutqdkwifoGif;qHk;jzwftwnfðyjcif;jzifh atmufygtwdkif; jyifqifcJhygonf//

(1) yk'fr 129 wGif/ jrefrmpmr_Y “0ef}uD;csKyfESifh n‡dE_dif;wdkifyif+yD;v#if” [laompum;&yfudk‚if;/t*Fvdyfpmr_Y “in consultation with the Prime Minister and” [laompum;&yfudk‚if;/y,fzsufonf//

(2) yk'fr 140/ yk'frcGJ(1) wGif/ jrefrmpmr_ yXrpma=umif;Y “ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&0ef}uD;csKyf ESifhn‡dEd_if;wdkifyif+yD;v#if” [laompum;&yfudk‚if;/ t*Fvdyfpmr_ wwd,pma=umif;Y“ inconsultation with the Prime Minister and” [laompum;udk‚if;y,fzsufonf//

(3) yk'fr 140/ yk'frcGJ (2) wGif/ jrefrmpmr_ yXrpma=umif;Y “EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf/EdkifiHawmmftpdk;&0ef}uD;csKyfwdk hESifh n‡dEd_if;wdkifyif+yD;v#if” [laompum;&yfudk‚if;/ t*Fvdyfpmr_ pwWKxpma=umif;Y “ in consultation with the Chief Justic of the Union and the Prime Ministerand ” [laom pum;&yfudk‚if; y,fzsufonf//

3// // tajccHyk'fr 230 t&/ jyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvkyfjcif;// // tajccHOya'tm%mwnfonfh 1948 ckESpf/ZEM0g&Dv 4 &ufae haemufydkif;wGif tajcHOya'yk'fr 230 t& tyfESif;xm;onfh tm%mrsm;t&tajccHOya'wGifjyifqifcsufrsm;udk 4 }udrfwdkifðyvkyfygonf//

yk'fr 230 t&/ yXrjyifqifcsufrSm—— 1951 ckESpf/ Zgefv 10 &ufae hwGifusif;yaom wdkif;jynfv$wfawmf (ygvDref) tpnf;ta0;Y qHk;jzwfcsufcsI oabmwlnDcsufay;ojzifh/ EdkifiHawmforwWu 1949 ckESpf/ Zgefv 25 &ufae hxkwf jrefrmEkdifiHawmfjyefwrf;tydkif; 1 wGif“1949 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjreffrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m)tul;tajymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h” udk xkkwfjyefI yk'fr 233 wGif “18” tpm;“28” [kjyifqifcJhygonf//

yk'fr 230 t&/ 'kwd,jyifqifcsufrSm—— 1950 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv 16 &ufae hwGifusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;Y wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf (ygvDref) uqHk;jzwfcsufcsI oabmwlnDcsufay;ojzifh/ EdkifiHawmforwWu 1950 ckESpf/ azaz:9g&Dv 23 &ufae hxkwfjrefrmEdkifiHawmf txll;trdef hjyefwrf;wGif “1950 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/yXrt}udrftrwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m) tul;tajymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h” udkxkwfjyefI yk'fr 233wGif“28” tpm; “40” [kjyifqifcJhygonf//

yk'fr 230 t&/ wwd,jyifqifcsufrSm—— 1951 ckESpf/ rwfv 15 &ufae hwGifusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;Y wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf (ygvDref) uqHk;jzwfcsufcsI aobmwlnDcsufay;ojzifh/ EdkifiHawmforwWu 1951 ckESpf/ rwfv 31 &ufae hxkwf jrefrmEdkifiHawmfjyefwrf; tydkif; 1 wGif “1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m) tul;taajymif;umvjyXmef;csuftrdef h” udkxkwfjyefI yk'fr 233 wGif “40” tpm;/ “48” jyifqifcJhygonf//

ykk'fr 230 t&/ pwkwjyifqifcsufrSm—— 1951 ckESpf/ rwfv 19 &ufae hwGif usif;yaom tpnf;ta0;Y wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf (ygvDref) uqHk;jzwfcsufcsI oabmwlnDcsufay;ojzifh/ EdkifiHawmforwWu 1951 ckESpf/ rwfv 24 &ufae hxkwf jrefrmEdkifiHawmfjyefwrf; tydkif; 1 wGif“1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEDkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrfftrwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m) tul;tjymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h (rdwWLudkyl;wGJxm;ygonf) udkxkwfjyefI/ yk'fr 84/ yk'frcGJ(1) ESifh/ yk'fr 84/ yk'frcGJ (2) wdk hwGif ¹cGif;csuf w&yfpDtoD;oD;xnfhoGif;jyifqifcJhygonf//”

txufaz:jyygjyifqifcsufrsm;rSm tajccHOya'tcef; 6 t&/ enf;vrf;usepGmzGJ hpnf;aom ygvDref.yXrt}udrftpnf;ta0;usif;y+yD;onfh tcsdeftxd tm%mwnfygonf// ( tcef; 6 t&/ enf;vrf;usepGmzGJ hpnf;aomygvDrefjynfol hv$wfawmf. yXrt}udrftpnf;ta0;udk 1952 ckESpf/ rwfv 3 &ufae hwGif usif;yygonf )// 4// // tajccHOya' tcef; 11 t&/ jyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvkyfjcif;// // tajccHOya'tcef; 11 t&/ tajccHOya'udk 3 }udrfjyifqifcJhygonf// ‚if;wdk hrSmu&ifjynfe,fay;onfh 1951 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'(jyifqifcsuf) tufOya' ( 1951 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf 62 )/ ygvDreftrwfr[kwfaomfvnf; tpdk;& tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;wOD;tm; 6 vumvxdd tpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;tjzifhcGifhðyonfh tajccHOya'yk'fr 116 udk,m,D&kyfodrf;onfh 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (jyifqifcsuf) tufOya' (1959 ckESpf/ tufOya'trSwf 4) / &Srf;apmfbGm;rsm;Esifhu,m;apmzsmrsm;EsifhywfoufI tajccHOya'yk'fr 154 (2) ESifh 183 (1) wdk hudky,fzsufonfh 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ('kwd,jyifqifcsuf) tyfOya' ( 1959 ckESpf/tufOya'trSwf 10 ) jzpfygonf//

5// // txufwGifaz:jyxm;onfhtwdkif; tajccHOya'udk 3 }udrfjyifqifcJh+yD;aemuf 1961 ckESpfwGif zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'udk atmufygjyiffqifcsuftufOya'rsm;jzifh 4}udrfjyiffqifcJhygonf· // —— (u) 1961 ckESpf zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' (jyifqifcsuf) tufOya'§ ( 1961 ckESpf tufOya'trSwf 3 ) / (c) 1961 ckESpf zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' ( 'kwd,jyifqifcsuf ) tufOya' ( 1961ckESpftufOya'trSwf 7 ) / (*) 1961 ckESpf zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' ( wwd,jyifqifcsuf ) tufOya' ( 1961 ckESpftufOya'trSwf 17 ) / (C) 1961 ckESpf zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' ( pwkwjyifqifcsuf ) tufOya' ( 1961 ckESpftufOya' trSwf 20 ) /

· jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk 1990 jynfhESpfwGIf jyefvnfyHkESdyf&mY jznfhpGufxnfhoGif;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf//

aemufqufwGJ “3”

orwWtdrfawmforwWtdrfawmforwWtdrfawmf/ &efukefòrd h//

1331 ck/ em,kefvqkwf 8 &uf//( 1949 ck/ Zgefv 18 &uf// )

1949 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m 1949 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m ))tul;tajymif;tul;tajymif;umumvv jyXmef;csuftrdef h// jyXmef;csuftrdef h// óudwif rodrjrifEDkifaom tcuftcJrsm;onf/ txl;tm;jzifh 1935 ckESpf/ jrefrmEDkifiHawmf pD&iftkyfcsKyfr_tufOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;rS ( TrS aemiftbdk h wGif tajccHOya'[k &nfn$ef;onfh ) jrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'jyXmef;csufrsm;udk ul;ajymif;&mwGif ay:aygufvmonfwa=umif;/ xdkuJhodk haomf tcufcJrsm;udk z,f&Sm;&eftvdk hiSm/ EdkifiHawmforwWu rdrd.trdef hwGifoD;jcm;az:jyxmaomumvtydkif;tjcm;twGuf rdrdoifhav#mfonfxiffjrifonfhtwdkif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf vdktyfonfh xifjrifonfhtwdkif; ðyvkyfxm;aomjyifqifcsufrsm;yg0ifonfh tajccHOya'onf/ tusdK;oufa&muf&rnf[k trdef hxkwfIjy

Xef;Edkifonfh tm%mrsm;udk tajccHOya'yk'fr 230 t&/ rdrdtm;tyfESif;xm;onfvnf;wa=umif;/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh ,m,DorwWonf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 231/ yk'frcGJ (2) t&/ tajccHOya'u/ EdkifiHawmforwWtm; tyfESif;xm;aomtm%mtm;vHk;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;tm;vHk;udkoHk;pGJaqmif&GufEdkifonfvnf;wa=umif;/

wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu tajccHOya'yk'fr 231 (1) t&/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. tm%mrsm;udk toHk;ðyum qHk;jzwfcsufcsI/ Ttrdef hpm=urf;udk oabmwlnDcsufay;+yD;onfvnf;wa=umif;/ xdkta=umif;rsm;a=umifh/ ,m,DorwWonf/ tqdkygtm%mrsm;ESifhwuG TudpPtwGuf aqmif&GufEdkif&eftyfESif;xm;aom tjcm;tn%ntm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJvsuf/ wlnDcsufay;+yD;onfvnf;wa=umif;/ xdkta=umif;rsm;a=umifh/ ,m,DorwWonf/ tqdkygtm%mrsm;EsifhwuG TudpPtwGuf aqmif&GufEdkif&eftyfESif;xm;aom tjcm;tm%mtm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJvsuf/ atmufygtwdkif; trdef hxkwfI jyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// // trdef hudk 1949 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m ) tul;tajymif;umvjyXmef;csuftrdef h[kac:&rnf// 2// // Ttrdef honf tajccHOya' yk'fr 234 t&/ ‚if;tajccHOya' pwiftm%mwnfonfhae hrSpI/1950 jynfhESpf/ Zlvdkifv 5 &ufae htxd/ tm%mwnf&rnf// 3// // tajccHOya'yk'fr 233 wGifyg&Sdonfh “18” qdkaom*%ef;tpm; “28” qdkaom*%ef;udkxnfhoGif;&rnf//

pyfa&Godkuf/EdkifiHawmforwW/

jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHawmf//&efukefòrd h/ 1311 ck/ e,kefvqkwf 8 &uf// ( 1949 ck/ Zgefv 18 &uf// )

trdef ht&/

a&Gabmf/

EdkifiHawmforwWtwGif;0ef//

aemufqufwGJ “aemufqufwGJ “4”4”orwWtdrfawmforwWtdrfawmf

orwWtdrfawmf/ &efukefòrd h//

1311 ck/ waygif;vqef; 7 &uf//(1950 ck/ azaz:0g&Dv 22 &uf// )

1950 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEDkifiH ( tajccHOya't& yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m ) 1950 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEDkifiH ( tajccHOya't& yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m ) tul;tajymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h//tul;tajymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h//

óudwif rodrjrifEdkifaom tcuftcJrsm;onf/ txl;tm;jzifh/ 1935 ckESpf/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmfpD&iftkyfcsKyfr_tuf

Oya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;rS ( Taemiftbdk hwGif tajccHOya'[k&nfn$ef;onfh) jrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' jyXmeff;csufrsm;odk hul;ajymif;&mwGif ay:aygufvmonfwa=umif;/ xdkuJhodk haomf tcuftcJrsm;udk z,f&Sm;&eftvdk hiSm/ EdkifiHawmforwWu/ rdrd.trdef hwGif oD;jcm;az:jyxm;aom umvtydkif;tjcm;twGuf rdrdoifhavsmfonfxifjrifonfhtwkdif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf vdktyfonf xifjrifonfhtwdkif; ðyvkyfxm;aomjyifqifcsufrsm;yg0ifonfh tajccHOya'onf/ tusdK;oufa&muf&rnf[k trdef hxkwfI jyXmef;Edkifonfh tm%mrsm;udk/ tajccHOya' yk'fr 230 t&/ rdrdtm;tyfESif;xm;onfvnf;wa=umif;/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh ,m,DorwWonf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 231/ yk'frcGJ (2)t& tajccHOya'u EdkifiHawmforwWtm; tyfESif;xm;aom tm%mtm;vHk;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;tm;vHk;udkoHk;pGJaqmif&GufEdkifonfvnf;wa=umif;/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu/ tajccHOya' yk'fr231 (1) t&/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. tm%mrsm;udktoHk;ðyum/ qHk;jzwfcsufcsI Ttrdef hpm=urf;udkoabmwlnDcsufay;+yD;onfvnf;wa=umif;/ xdkta=umif;rsm;a=umifh/ ,m,DorwWonf/ tqdkygtm%mrsm;ESifhwuG TudpPtwGuf aqmif&GufEDkif&eftyfESif;xm;aom tjcm;tm%mtm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJvsuf atmufygtwdkif; trddef hxkwfI jyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// // Ttrdef hudk/ 1950 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEDkifiH ( tajccHOya't& yXrt}udrftrwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m ) tul;tjymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h[kac:&rnf// 2// // Ttrdef honf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 234 t&/ ‚if;tajccHOya' pwiftm%mwnfonfhae hrSpI/ 1951 ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv 5 &ufae htxd tm%mwnf&rnf// 3// // tajcccHOya'yk'fr 233 wGIfyg&Sdonfh 1949 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m ) tul;tjymif;umvjyXmef;csuf trdef ht&xnfhoGif;aom *%ef;“28” tpm; “40” qdkaom*%ef;udkxnfhoGif;&rnf//

pyfa&$odkuf/EdkifiHawmf ,m,Dorw/W

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEDkifiHawmf//

&efukefòrd h/ 1311 ck/ waygif;vqef; 7 &uf//( 1950 ck/ azaz:0g&Dv 22 &uf// )

trdef ht&/a&$abmf/

EdkifiHawmf orwWtwGif;0ef//

AemufqufwGJ “5”orwWtdrfawmf

orwWtdrfawmf/ &efukefòrd h//1312 ck/ waygif;vqef; 14 &uf//

(1951 ck rwfv 21 &uf ) //1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmi1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEDkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m ) fpk jrefrmEDkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m )

tul;tjymif;tul;tjymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h /umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h /¡ 1951 ckESpf/ trdef htrSwf 1 // ¢

óudwifrodrjrifEdkifaom tcuftcJrsm;onf/ txl;tm;jzifh/ 1935 ckESpf/ jrefrmEDkifiHawmf pD&iftkyfcsKyfr_tufOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;rS ( Taemiftbdk hwGif tajccHOya'[k &nfn$ef;onfh ) jrefrmEDkifiH. zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' jyXmef;csufrsm;odk h ul;ajymif;&mwGif ay:aygufvmonfwa=umif;/ xdk uJhodk haom tcufcJrsm;udk z,f&Sm;&eftvdk hiSm/ EdkifiHawmforwWu/ rdrd.trdef hwGif oD;jcm;azmfjyxm;aom umvtydkif;tjcm;twGuf/ rdrdoifhavsmfonfxifjrifonfhtwdkif; ðyvkyfxm;aomjyXmef;csufrsm;yg0ifonfh tajccHoOya'onf/ tusdK;oufa&muf&rnf[k trdef hxkwfI jyXmef;Edkifonfhtm%mrsm;udk/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 230 t&/ rdrdtm;tfyESif;xm;onfvnf;wa=umif; wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh ,m,DorwWonf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 231/ yk'frcGJ (2)t&/ tajccHOya'u EdkifiHawmforwWtm; tyfESif;xm;aom tm%mtm;vHk;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;tm;vHk;udkoHk;pGJaqmif&GufEdkifonfvnf;wa=umif;/

wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu tajccHOya' yk'fr 231 (1) t&/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. tm%mrsm;udk toHk;ðyum qHk;jzwfcsufcsI Ttrdef hpm=urf;udk oabmwlnDcsufay;+yD;onfvnf;wa=umif;/ xdkta=umif;rsm;a=umifh/ ,m,DorwWonf/ tqdkygtm%mrsm;EsifhwuG TudpPtwGuf aqmif&GufEdkif&eftyfESif;xm;aom tajcm;tm%mtm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJvsuf/ atmufygtwdkif;trdef hxkwfI jyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// // Ttrdef hudk/ 1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdk fifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m ) tul;tjymif;umv jyXmef;csuf trdef h[kac:&rnf// 2// // Ttrdef honf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 234 t&/ ‚if;tajccHOya'pwiftm%mwnfonfhae hrSpI 1952 ckESpf/ rwfv 5 &ufae htxd tm%mwnf&rnf// 3// // tajccHOuya'yk'fr 233 wGifyg&Sdonfh 1950 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya'yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m) tul;tajymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef ht& xnfhoGif;aom *%ef;“40” tpm; “48” qdkaom *%ef;udkxnfhoGif;&rnf//

pyfa&$odkuf/EdkifiHawmf,m,DorwW/

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf//&efukefòrd h/ 1312 ck/ waygif;vqef; 14 &uf//( 1951 ck. rwfv 21 &uf// )

trdef ht&/cifarmif¹z_/

EdkifiHawmforwWtwGif;0ef//

aemufqufwGJ“6”orwWtdrfawmf/ &efukeforwWtdrfawmf/ &efukefòrd h//òrd h//

1312 ck/ waygif;vjynfhausmf 2 &uf//(1951 xk/ rwfv 24 &uf// )

1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m ) tul;tajymif;umv 'kwd,jyXmef;csuf trdef h//

¡ 1951 ckESpf / trdef htrSwf2// ¢

óudwifrodrjrifEdkifaomtcuftcJrsm;onf/ txl;tm;jzifh/ 1935 ckESpf/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmf pD&iftkyfcsKyfr_tufOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;rSm ( TrSaemiftbdk hwGif tajccHOya'[k&nfn$ef;onfh ) jrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ h pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkTajccHOya'jyXmef;csufrsm;odk hul;ajymif;&mwGif ay:aygufvmonfwa=umif;/

xdkuJhodk haomtcuftcJrsm;udkz,f&Sm;&eftvdk hiSm EdkifiHawmforwWu/ rdrd.trdef hwGifoD;jcm;az:jyxm;aom umvtydkif;tjcm;twGuf/ rdrdoifhav#mfonfxifjrifonfhtwdkif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf vdktyfonfxifjrifonfhtwdkif; ðyvkyfxm;aomfjyifqifcsufrsm;yg0ifonfh tajccHOya'onf/ tusdK;oufa&muf&rnf[k trdef hxkwfIjyXmef;Edkifonfhtm%mrsm;udk/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 230 t&/ rdrdtm;tyfESif;xm;onfvnf;wa=umif;/

wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh ,m,DorwWonf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 231/ yk'frcGJ(2)t&/ tajccHOya'u/ EdkifiHawmforwWtm; tyfESif;xm;aom tm%mtm;vHk;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;tm;vHk;udkoHk;pGJaqmif&GufEdkifonfvnf;wa=umif;/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu tajccHOya'yk'fr 231 (1) ta&/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. tm%mrsm;udk toHk;ðyumqHk;jzwfcsufcsI/ Ttrdef hpm=urf;udkoabmwlnDcsufay;+yD;onfvnf;wa=umif;/ xdkta=umif;rsm;a=umifh ,m,DorwWonf/ tqdkygtm%mrsm;ESifhwuG TudpPtwGufqmif&GufEdkif&eftyfESif;xm;aom tjcm;tm%mtm;vHk;udkoHk;pGJvsuf/ atmufygtwdfkif; trdef hIjyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// // Ttrdef hudk/ 1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrftrwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m) tul;tajymif;umv 'kwd,jyXmef;csuftrdef h[kac:&rnf// 2// // Ttrdef honf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 234 t&/ ‚if;tajccHOya'pwifonfhae hrSpI zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkOya'tcef; 6 t&/ enf;vrf;usepGmzGJ hpnf;aomygvDref. yXrtpnf;ta0;udk usifyonfhae htxd tm%mwnf&rnf// 3// // Ttrdef htvdk hiSm atmygtydk'fudk tajccHOya'yk'fr 84/ yk'frcGJ (1) . ¹cGif;cufjzpfonf[krSwf,l&rnf// “odk h&mwGif rJqEWay;&efaemufqHk;csdef;qdkaomae honf/ 1952 ckESpf/ ZEM0g&Dv 4 &ufae hrwdkifrDjzpfvsif/ yXrt}udrf usif;yaoma&G;aumufyGJwGif rJqENay;jciff;udk/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHw0Srf;vHk;Y wae hwnf;wGifðyvkyfap&efrvdk// ” 4// // Ttrdef htvdk hiSm/ atmyfygtydk'fudk tajccHOya'yk'fr 84 / yk'frcGJ (2) .¹cGif;csufjzpfonf[krSwf,l&rnf// “odk h&mwGif tajccHOya'tcef; 6 t&. enf;vrf;usepGmzGJ hpnf;aom ygvDrefqdkif&mjynfol hv$wfawmftpnf;ta0;uddk/ yk'fr 84/ yk'frcGJ (1) .¹cGif;csuft&/ csdef;qdkaom aemufqHk;rJqENay;&efae hrSpI &ufaygif;ajcmufq,ftwGif; usif;y&rnf//”

pyfa&$odkuf/EdkifiHawmf,m,DorwW

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf/&efukefòrd h/ 1312 ck/ waygif;vjynfhausmf 2 &uf//( 1951 ck/ rwfv 24 &uf //)

trdef ht&/cifarmif¹z_/

EdkifiHawmforwWtwGif;0ef/

aemufqufwGJaemufqufwGJ “7” “7”1951 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'jyifqifcsuftufOya'//

¡ 1951 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf 62// ¢jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. ZGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udkjyif&ef tufOya'//

atmufygtwdkif; tufOya'tjzpfjyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// // (1) TtufOya'udk/ 1951 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'jyifqifcsuftufOya'[kac:&rnf//

(2) TtufOya'. yk'fr 3 ESifh 7 rSwyg;/ tjcm;yk'frtm;vHk;onf/ TtufOya'udk xkwfjyefaomae hYpwiftm%mwnf&rnf// tqdkyg yk'fr 3 ESifh 7 onf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 233 t&/yXr trwf a&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;v#if/ zGJ hpnf;aomygvDrefudk zsufodrf;aomae hY pwiftm%mwnf&rnf// 2// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktjccHOya'yk'fr 8 wGif “180” qdkonfhpum;&yftpm;“yk'fr 180 ESifh 181”qdkonfh pum;&yfudkxnfhoGif;&rnf// 3// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktjccHOya'yk'fr 83 yk'frcGJ (1) wGifaemufqHk;0gusudky,fzsuf&rnf 4// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 180 ESifh 181 tpm; atmufygjyXmef;csufrsm;udkxnfhoGif;&rnf

“180// // (1) oHvGifc&dkif[k ,cifuac:wGIfcJhaom e,fajrudkjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif/jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwcktjzpfjzifhzGJ hpnf;&rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudkTrSaemiftbdk hwGif ‘u&ifjynfe,f’[kac:wGifap&rnf// ygvDref. tufOya'jzifh owfrSwfaomu&iftrsdK;rsm;aexdkif=uonfh oHvGifc&dkif.qufpyfa'orsm;onfvmf;/ xdkjynfe,fwGifyg0if&rnf// (2) ygvDref. u&ifjynfe,fqdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifonfhu&ifjynfe,faumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf//

(3) ygvDreftrwftjzpfrS&yfpJaom jynfe,faumifpDtrwfonf/ aumifpDYvnf; aumifpDtrwftjzpfrS&yfpJonf[krSwf,l&rnf// odk h&mwGif xdkaumifpDtrwfonf/ rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudk a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf+yD;onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&GufEdkifonf// (4) jynfe,faumifpDonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkif Oya'ðyydkifcGifhr&SdaomudpPESifhoufqdkifonfh Oya'rsm;udkðyay;&ef/ygvDrefodk haxmufcHcsufwifoGif;Edkifonf//

(5) jynffe,faumifpDonf/ Oya'=urf;wckudk twnfðy+yD;aomtcg/ xdkOya'=urf;udkvufrSwfxdk;Ixkwfjyefausnmay;&ef/ tqdkygOya'=urf;ESifh pyfvsOf;Iyk'frcGJ (6) t&/ w&m;vGwfawmfcsKyf.qHk;jzwfcsufudk ar;jref;awmif;qdkjcif;rðyv#if/ xkdOya'=urf;udk wifoGif;onfrSpIwvtwGif;vufrSwfxdk;&rnf//

(6) EdkifiHawmforwWxHodk h yk'frcGJ (5) t&wifoGif;aomOya'=urf;onf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf Oya'=urf;.wpdwfwa'oonf/ tajccHOya'Esifhqf husifonfrqef husifonf[laomjy\emudkqHk;jzwfay;&ef/EdkifiHawmforwWonf/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif; w&m;vGwfawmfcsKyfodk h xdkOya'=urf;udkvGJtyfEDkifonf//

(7) v$wfawmfcsKyf w&m;0ef}uD;oHk;OD;atmuf renf;yg0ifaomcHkawmfonf/vGtyfaonmjy\emudkpOf;pm;&rnf// v$Jtyfaomjy\emudk oifhjrwfav#mfuefonf[k xifjrifonfhtwdkif;/ =um;emppfaq;pOf;pm;+yD;aom

tcg xdfkjy\emESifhpyfv#if;Iv$Jtyf+yD;onfhaemuf &ufaygif; 30 atmufaemufrusapbJ/ rdrdwdk h.qHk;jzwfcsufudkv#ifjrefEDkifoavmufc#ifjrefEDkifopGm w&m;&Hk;wGif txift&Sm;ausnm&rnf// yk'frcGJ (6) .udpPrsm;tvdk hiSm/w&m;0ef}uD;rsm;&m. qHk;jzwfcsufonf w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. qHk;jzwfcsufjzpf&rnf//

(8) yk'frcGJ(6) t& w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk h v$JtyfaomOya'=urf;&Sd jyXmefk;csufonf/ tajccHOya'ESifhqef husifonf[kw&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu qHk;jzwfaomudpPwdkif;Y/ EdkifiHawmforwWonf/ xdkOya'=urf;udkjyefvnfpOf;

pm;aqG;EG;ap&ef jynfemfaumifpDodk hjyefydk h&rnf// jynfe,faumifpDu vdktyfaomjyifqifcsufrsm;udkrðyv#if/EdkifiHawmforwWonf/ xdkOya'=urf;udk vufrSwfrxdk;[kjiif;qdk&rnf//

(9) xdkodk hjiif;qdkbG,fr&Sdv#if/ EdkifiHawmforwWonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu tqHk;tjzwfudkxkwfaz:ausnm+yD;onfhaemuf/ vsifjrefEdkifor#vsifjrefpGm xdkOya'=urf;udk vufrSwfxdk;I tufOya'jzpfvma=umif;xkwfjyefa=unm&rnf//(10)yk'frcGJ (5) t& wifoGif;aomOya'=urf;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk hrv$JrtyfbJESifhjzpfap/

v$Jtyf+yD;rSjzpfap/ EdkifiHawmforwWu vufrSwfxdk;+yD;cJhv#if/ jynfe,faumifpDu ðyydkifcGifhr&Sd[laomta=umif;jycsufjzifh xdkOya'=urf;&Sd jyXmef;csufonfrcdkifvHk[kjiif;qdkjcif;rðy&//

(11) EdkifiHawmforwW vufrSwfxdk;aom jynfe,faumifpD tufOya'pmr_wdkif;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.twGif;0ef&Hk;YarmfuGef;wif&rnf/ rdwWKwdkif;udkvnf; u&ifjynfe,f0ef+uD;&Hk;Y armfuGef;wif&rnf/

(12) u&ifjynfe,fOuUXonf/ tcgtm;av#mfpGm jynfe,faumifpDudkqifhac:Edkifonf/ &kyfodrf;Edkifonf/ odk h&mwGif jynfe,faumifpD.nDvmcHudk ESpfpOfwESpfv#if tenf;qHk;w}udrfusif;yay;&rnf/ xdkodk husif;yaomtcg/ jynfe,faumifpDnDvmcHwck. aemufqHk;tpnf;ta0;ESifh aemufxyfusif;yaomjynfaumifpDnDvmcH. yXrtpnf;ta0;wdk ht=um;wGif 12 vjcm;raeap&//

u&ifjynfe,ftpdk;&// 181// // (1) 0ef}uD;csKyfonf/ u&ifjynfe,faumifpDESifh n‡dE_dif;wdkifyifI/ xdkaumifpDtrwfrsm;teuf/ trwf

wOD;OD;.trnfudkwifoGif;aomtcg/ xdkodk htrnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aomtrwfudk EdkifiHawmforwWonf atmufwGif “u&ifjynfe,f0ef}uD;” [kac:wGif&rnfjzpfaom/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ0if0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifhcef hxm;&rnf// xdkodk hcef hxm;jcif;cH&aom0ef}uD;onf/ tajccHOya'.

udpPrsm;twGuf u&ifjynfe,fOuUXvnf;jzpf&rnf// (2) u&ifjynfe,fOuUXonf/ u&ifjynfe,fpD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;udpPudk wm0ef,laqmif&Guf&rnf/ qdkvdfk

&if;rSm/ u&ifjynfe,fOuUXonf wdkuf&dkufjzpfap/ vufatmufcHt&m&Sdrsm;rSwqifhjzpfap/ jynffe,f.tkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm%mudk oHk;pGEdkif&rnf//

(3) yk'ffrcGJ (4) &SdjyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudkrxdcdkufapbJ/ qdkcJhaomtkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm %monf/ jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxrf;r_xrf;rsm;cef hxm;jcif;/ ae&mcsjcif;/ a&$ hajymif;ay;

ay;jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;rsm;pnf;urf;ao0yfjcif; udpPtm;odk h oufa&mufysHESH&rnf// (4) tajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,f.tkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm%monf/ jynf e,f.tkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm%monf/ jynfe,faumifpDu w&m;Oya'ðyydkifaomudpPrsm;odk h ouf

a&mufysHESHonf/ tkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJ&mwGif/ jynfe,fOuUXonf aumifpD.qHk;jzwf csufudkvdkufem&rnf// (5) jynfe,fqdkif&m tjcm;udpPtm;vHk;wGif jynfe,fOuUXonf/ jynfe,faumifpDESifhn‡dE_dif;wdkifyif&

rnf// (6) u&ifjynfemfaumifpD. qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh xifjrifcsufrsm;uddk jynfe,fOuUXxHodk hwifjy&m wGif vG,fulpDrfhaomiSm/ jynfe,faumifpDonf a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;onfhaemuf/ yXrt}udrfusif;y aom tpnf;tas0;wGif aumifpDtrwfrsm;xJrSaom‚if;/ aumifpDtrwfr[kwfolrsm;xJrSaom ‚if; a&G;cs,fI jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ hudk zGJ hpnf;&rnf/ xdktpdk;&tzGJ honf/ jynfe,fOuUXudk/ t vkyf0wW&m;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGif ulnD&ef/ t}uHay;&efjzpfonf// (7) jynfe,fOuUXonf/ jynfe,faumifpD.omrefnDvmcHusif;yaomtcgrsm;Y/ rdrdaqmif&GufcJh aomvkyfief;aqmifwmta=umif;udkajym=um;&rnf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfajym=um;ap&rnf/ u&if

jynfe,fudpPtm;vHk;ESifhoufqdkifaomtpDt&ifcHpmudkwifoGif;&rnf odk hwnf;r[kwfwifoGif; ap&rnf jynfe,f.tusdK;pD;yGg;wdk;wuf&mwdk;wufa=umif;jzpfonf[kxifjrif,lqaompDrH csufrsm;udk pOfpm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef jynfe,faumifpDtm; axmufcHt}uHay;&rnf//

(8) jynfe,fOuUXonf/ b¾mawmfESpfwdkif; wESpftwGuf jynfe,fqdkif&mt& rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;ESifh toHk;rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;rsm;udkðy&rnf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfðyap&rnf/ xdkaiGpm&if;rsm;udk pOf;pm;

aqG;aEG;ap&ef/ jynfe,faumifpDodk hwifoGif;&rnf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf wifoGif;ap&rnf// (9) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. taxmuftyHaiGESifh pyfv#Of;I jynfaxifpktpdk;&uowfrSwfaompnf; urf;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,faumifpDonf jynfe,f.bwfcsufudkvufcHtwnf

ðyEdkif&eftm%m&Sd&rnf/ xdkpnf;urf;csufrsm;twdkif;/ jynfe,faumifpDu usepGmvdkufema=umif; EdkifiHawmforwWtm;/ auseyffEdkifap&ef jynfe,f.bwfcsufudk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.

bwfcsuf wGifxnfhoGif;az:&rnf// (10) TtajccHOya'. tcef; 10 &Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;onf u&ifjynfe,fESifhroufqdkifap&// (11) tajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,fOuUXonf/ jynfe,faumifpD/ jynf e,ftpdk;&tzGJ hwdk h. tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPrsm;/ xdk hjyif xdkOuUX xdkaumif pD/ xdktpdk;&wdk htzGJ htcsif;csif;qufqHa&;udpPrsm;/ xdk hjyifxdkOuUX/ xdkaumifpD/ xdktpdk;&tzGJ h wdk hESifhjynfaxmifpktpdk;&. QufqHa&; udpPrsm;yg0ifaom jynfe,f.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccH Oya'qdkif&m udpPtm;vHk;udk w&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;owfrSwf&rnf//¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifzGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'yk'fr 233 t&/ yXr trwfa&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;

v#if zGJ hpnf;aomygvDrefudk zsufodrf;aomae htxd/ u&ifjynfe,faumifpDudkygvDref&Sdu&if trsdK;om;rsm;. udk,fpm;vS,f trwftm;vHk;jzifhzGJ hpnf;&rnf//” 5// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' yk'fr 195 udfky,fzsuf&rnf// 6// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHtajccHOya' yk'fr 209/ yk'frcGJ (5) wGifyg&Sdaom “u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;tm;/ odk hwr[kwf” qdkonfhpum;&yf udky,fzsuf&rnf// 7// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'. 'kwd,Z,m;wGif— (u) tydk'f (i) tpm;/ atmufygtydk'fudk xnfhoGif;&rnf//“ (i) wq,fhig;ae&mudk u&ifjynf

e,frS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh jznfhoGiff;&rnf //” (c) tydk'f (p) wGif “ig;q,fhoHk;ae&mudk ” qdkonfh pum;&yftpm;“ajcmufq,fhESpfae&mudk” qdk onfhpum;&yfudk xnfhoGif;&rnf//

8// // jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'wGif “u&ifeDjynfe,f” qdkonfhpum;&yf yg&Sdonfhae&mwdkif;Y xdkpum;&yftpm;“u&m;jynffe,f” qdkonfhpum;&yfudk xnfhoGif;&rnf//

THE CONSTITUTION AMENDMENT ACT, 1951.[ Act No. LXII of 1951 .]

An Act to amend the Constitution of the Union of Burma.It is hereby enacted as follows: 1. (1) This Act may be called The Constitution Amendment Act, 1951. (2) It shall come into forced on the date of promulagation except sections 3 and 7 which shall come into force on the date of the dissolution of the Parliament following the firstgeneral election held under section 233 of the Constitution.

2. In section 8 of the Constitution, for the expression "section 180" the expression "section 180 and 181" shall be substituted.

3. In sub-section (1) of section 180 of the Constitution, the last sentence shellbe deleted.4. For the provision in sections 180 and 181 of the Constitution, the following shall besubstituted, namelly:

“180. (1) The territory hitherto know as the Salween District shall form aconstituent unit of the Union of Burma and be hereafter known as ‘The Karen State’. It shall also include such adjacent areas occupied by the Karen as may be determined by an Act of Parliament.

aemufqufwGJaemufqufwGJ “8” “8”THE CONSTITUTION (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1959.

[ Act No. 4 of 1959 ]An Act to amend the Constitution of the Union of Burma.It is herebay enacted as follows: 1.(1) This Act may be called the Constitution ( Amendment ) Act, 1959. (2) It shall remain in force until the date on which the Prime Minister shall have been

appointe on the nomination of the next Chamber of Deputies. (3) When this Act cases to have effect, the provision of section 5 of the Burma General

Clauses Act shall apply.2. So long as this Act remains in force, the provisions of section 116 of the Constitutionshall be deemed to have been repealed.

1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (jyifqifcsuf)tufOya'//

¡ 1959 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf 4 //¢jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk jyif&ef tufOya'//

atmufygtwdkiff;tufOya'tjzpfjyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// // (1) TtufOya'udk/ 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ( jyiffqifcsuf ) tufOya'[kac:wGifap&rnf// (2) TtufOya'onf/ aemufw}udrf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh jynfol hv$wfawmfrS trnfwifoGif;aomyk*~dKvftm;/ EdkifiHawmforwWu/ 0ef}uD;csKyfcef hxm;onfhae h &ufwdkifatmif tm%mwnfaeap&rnf// (3) TtufOya'tm%mwnfjcif;rS&yfpJonfhtcg/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmfa,bk,spum;&yftufOya'ygykk'fr 5 &SdjyXmef;csufrsm;onf/ tusdK;oufa&mufap&rnf// 2// // TtufOya'tm%mwnfvsuf&Sdaeor#umvywfvHk; zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 116ygjyXmef;csufrsm;udk &kyfodrf;bdouJhodk hrSwf,lap&rnf//

aemufqufwGJaemufqufwGJ “9” “9”

1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktjccHOya' ( 'kwd,jyifqifcsuf ) tufOya'//¡ 1959 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf 10 // ¢

¡ jynfaxmmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtajccHOya'udk jyif&ef tufOya'// ¢atmufygtwkdif; Oya'tjzpfjyXmef;vdkufonf//

1// // (1) TtufOya'udk/ 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' ( 'kwd, jyifqifcsuf )tufOya'[kac:wGifap&rnf//

(2) TtufOya'onf/ aemufxyfw}udrf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh jynfol hv$wfawmfudkzsufodrf;onfhae h&uf. aemufae hwGif pwiftm%mwnf&rnf// 2// //zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 154 .yk'frcGJ (2) ESifh yk'fr 183 / yk'frcGJ (1) wdk hudk/ TtufOya'jzifh&kyfodrf;vdkufonf//

aemufqufwGJaemufqufwGJ “10”“10”

1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' jyifqifcsuf tufOya'// ¡ 1961 ckESpf / tufOya'trSwf 3 // ¢

atmufygtwdkif; tufOya'tjzpfjyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// // TtufOya'udk/ 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'jyifqifcsuftufOya'[kac:wGifap&rnf// 2// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 2 tpm;/ atmufygudk yk'fr 2 tjzpfxnfhoGif;&rnf//

“2// // atmufyge,fajrrsm;ESifh e,frsm;yg0if-uonfh jrefrmEdkifiHwEdkifiHvHk;onf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGifyg0if&rnf/

(u) 1960 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv 1 &ufae hwGif jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHESifh w&kyfjynfol horwW EdkifiHwdk hcsKyfqdk-uI/ 1961 ckESpf/ ZEMm0g&Dv 4 &ufae hwGif pmcsKyfcsKyf0ifEdkifiHESpfEdkifiHwdk h toD;oD;enf; vrf;wusvufcHtwnfðy-uaom e,fedrdwfpmcsKyftydk'f 9 ESifh 10 yg owfrSwfcsufwdk hudk t

axmuftxm;ðyI/ ,cif_ Adwdo# bk&ifrif;jrwfudk,fpm;/ jrefrmjynfbk&ifcH pD&iftkyfcsKyfcJhaom e,f ajrtm;vHk;/

(c) u,m;jynfe,f/ xdk hjyif (*) &,lonfhtjcm;e,fajrrsm;&Sdv#if/ xdktjcm;e,fajrrsm;rsm;” 3// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 5 tpm;/ atmufygudk/ yk'fr 5 tjzpfxnfhoGif;&rnf// “ 5// // yk'fr 2 / tydk'f (u) ygjyXmef;csufrsm;udk taxmuftxm;ðyI/ jrpf}uD;em;ESifh Aef;armfc&dkif rsm;[lI ,cifuac:wGifcJhaom e,fajrrsm;udk/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h 0ifwcktjzpfzGJ hpnf;&rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudk TrSaemiftbdk hwGif ‘ucsifjynfe,f’ [kac:& rnf//”

aemufqufwGJaemufqufwGJ “11”“11”1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyH tjccHOya' ('kwd,) jyifqifcsuftufOya'//

¡ 1961 ckESpf / tufOya' trSwf 7 // ¢¡ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf. zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHtufOya'udk jyifqif&ef tufOya'// ¢¡ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf. zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHtufOya'udk jyifqif&ef tufOya'// ¢

atmufygtwdkif;tufOya'jzpfjyXmef;vdkufonf// 1// // (1) TtufOya'udk/ 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ('kwd,) jyifqifcsuf tufOya'[kac:wGifap&rnf//

(2) TtufOya'onf/ EdkifiHawmforwWu trdef ha-umfjimpmjzifhowfrSwfonfhae h&ufwGif/pwiftm%mwnf&rnf//

2// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' tcef; 6 wGif/ atmufygudk tydkif; 6 tjzpfxnfhoGif;&rnf//

““ tydkif; 6 // a&G;aumufyGJrsm;// tydkif; 6 // a&G;aumufyGJrsm;// ”” 113–u// // a&G;aumufyGJ t&yf&yftwGuf rJpm&if;rsm;ðyvkyfjcif;ESifh‚if;/ ygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;yjcif;ESifh‚if;/ TtajccHOya'yg jyXmef;csufrsm;udk/ odk hwnf;r[kwf ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmfESpf&yfvkyfief;pOfenf;Oya'rsm;udk/ odk hwnf;r[kwf ygvDrefqdkif&m1949 ckESpf/ EdkifiHawmforwW a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufr+tufOya'ygjyXmef;csufrsm;udk rxdcdkufapbJ/ tjcm;w&m;Oya'wckckt&a&G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;yjcif;ESifh‚if;/ pyfvsOf;I}uD;-uyfa&;/ n$ef-um;a&;ESifh tkyfcsKyfa&;tm%mwdk honf/ yk'fr 113–c t&/ zGJ hpnf;xm;aom a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifYwnf&Sd&rnf// 113–c// // (1) ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmfESpf&yf wGJzuftpnf;ta0;.oabmwlcsufudk&,lI/ EdkifiHawmforwWukd,fwdkifvufrSwfa&;xdk;wHqdyfcyfESdyfonfh trdef hpmjzifhcef hxm;aom a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyfESifh tjcm;av;OD;xufrydkaom a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;rsm;yg0ifaoma&G;aumufyGJ aumufr&Sifwckudk zGJ hpnf;&rnf//

(2) a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyfESifh a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;rsm;udk ygvDrefzsufodrf;xm;onfhtcgwGif cef htyf&efcdkygu/ EdkifiHawmforwWucef hxm;Edkif&rnf// odk h&mwGif tqdkygcef hxm;jcif;twGuf ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmfESpf&yfwGJzuftpnf;ta0;. OabmwlnDcsuftwnfðycsufudk aemufygvDref.yXrnDvmcHwGif&,l&rnf//tbdk;— 10 jym;//

(3)yk'frcGJ (1) ESifh(2) wdk h t&/ a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyf tjzpf‚if;/ a&G;aumufyGJ riff;}uD;rsm;tjzpf‚if;/ cef hxm;jcif;wdk hudk ygvDrefwGif aqG;aEG;jcif;rðy&//

(4) a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyfonf/ a&G;aumfyGJaumfr&Sif.OuUXtjzpfaqmif&Guf&rnf//(5) tjcm;a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;rsm;onf/ a&G;aumufyGJaumufr&SifwGif&mxl;oufwrf;tEkt&ifhvdkufI

&mxl;pOfa&S haemufjzpf&rnf//113–*// // (1) yk'fr 113–c t&/ a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyftjzpf‚if;/ a&G;aumuifyGJrif;}uD;rsm;tjzpf‚if;cef hxm;jcif;cH&aom yk*~dKvfwdk honf/ atmufygtwdkif;opPmqdkIvufrSwfxdk;&rnf// ‘u|Ekfyf————onf a&G;aumufyGJ rif;}uD;csKyf (odk h wnf;r[kwf a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;) .wm0ef tvkyf0wfw&m;rsm;udk ajzmifhrwfrSefuefpGm rsufESm}uD;i,f r&G,fraxmuf/ qENm/ a'gom/b,m *wdrsm;odk h rvdkuf/ udk,fpGrf;&Sdor#/ ^m%fpGrf;&Sdor# ausukefatmifxrf;&Gufygrnf// xdk hjyifu|Ekfyfonf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'ESifhwuG w&m;Oya'rsm;udk xdrf;odrf;apmifha&Smufrnf[kav;eufwnf-unfpGm ausnmIuwdopPmðyygonf// ’

(2) a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&Sif0iftoD;oD;onf/ EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf.a&S harSmufYaomf‚if;/ TudpPtwGufaqmif&GufEdkiffrnfjzpfaom w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfrS 0gt&ifhqHk;w&m;0ef}uD;. a&S harSmufYaom‚if;/txufygtwdkif;opPmqdkIvufrSwfxdk;&rnf// (3) a&G;aumufyGJaumfur&Sif0iftoD;oD;onf/ a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Siftjzpfjzifh wm0eftvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk pwifraqmif&GufrDopPmqdkIvufrSwfxdk;&rnf// (4) txufygtwdkif; opPmrqdkIvufrSwfrxdk;vdk[kjiif;qefaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf ysufuGufaoma&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifwOD;OD;onf/ &mxl;udkvufrcHvdk jiif;y,f&ma&mufonf[krSwf,l&rnf// 113–C// // a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&Sif0iftm;vHk;onf/ TtajccHOya'ESifhw&m;Oya'rsm;udkomvdkufemI/ rdrdwdk h.wm0eftvkyf0wfw&m;rsm;udk vGyfvyfpGmaqmif&GufEdkif&rnf// 113–i// // wOD;wa,mufaomolonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkifaom‚if;/ rdrd.rdbESpfyg;aom‚if;/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. tm%mydkifeufwGif arG;zGm;cJhI/ rdrdudk,fwdkif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEDkifiHom;jzpfaomolr[kwfv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwftenf;qHk;ig;ESpf xdkEDkifiH.EdkifiHom;rjzpfcJhbl;v#if/ xdkolrSm a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0iftjzpf cef hxm;xdkufaom t&nftcsif;ESifhjynfhpHkjcif;r&Sdap&//

113–p// // (1) a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifwOD;OD;onf/ rdrdudk,fwdkifvufrSwfa&;xdk;aom EkwfxGufpmudk/EdkifiHawmforwWxHodk h wifoGif;jcif;jzifh/ &mxl;rSEkwfxGufEDkifonf// (2) xif&Sm;onf[kqHk;jzwf_ yD;jzpfonfhtusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r+a-umifhjzpfap/ rpGrf;aqmifEdkifr+a-umifhjzpfapxdkta-umif;wckckaumifhrSwyg;/ a&G;aum,ufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifwOD;OD;udk &mxl;rSrEkwfy,f&//

(3) Tyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD/ ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmfw&yf&yfonf pGyfpGJcsufudkwifjy&rnf//(4) oufqdkif&mv$wfawmftrwfpkpkaygif;.av;yHkwyHkatmufravsmhaom trwfrsm;uvufrSwfa&;xdk;I/

ta-umif;-um;aomtcgrSmrSwyg;/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfwGif Tyk'frt&wifjy&efjzpfaom pGyfpGJcsuftqdkudk ta&;w,lðyIrpOf;pm;&//

(5) v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;wufaom trwfrsm;teuf/ trwfrsm;&muaxmufcHI/ qHk;jzwfjyXmef;csufcsaomtcgrSmrSwyg; xdkuJhodk haompGyfpGJcsuftqdkudkvufrcH&// (6) pGyfpGJcsufudk txl;cHkawmftzGJ hu pHk;prf;ppfaq;&rnf/ xdkcHkawmftzGJ hwGif EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf/vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,uESifh/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXwdk hyg0if&rnf//

(7) pGyfpGJcsufudk pHk;prf;ppfaq;&mwGif/ pGyfpGJcsufwifjyjcif;cH&aom a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifY/rdrdudk,fwdkifaom‚if;/ rdrd.udk,fpm;vS,fjzifhaom‚if;/ acsycGifh&Sd&rnf//

(8)txl;cHkawmftzGJ honf pHkprf;ppfaq;_ yD;aemuf/ pGyfpGJcsufudkwifjycJhaom v$wfawmfodk h tpD&ifcHpmwifjy&rnf// pGyfpGJcsufrxif&Sm;[ktxl;cHkawmftzGJ hutm;vHk;oabmwl,lqcJhaomf/ xdk,lqcsufonft_ yD;tjywftwnfjzpf&rnf// odk h&mwGif oabmuGJvGJaomtcgrsm;Yr+um;/ txl;cHkawmftzGJ h. tpDt&ifcHpmudkygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u wGJzuftpnf;ta0;wGif pIf;pm;aqG;aEG;&rnf// pGyfpGJcsufudk pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;_ yD;aemuf/ pGyfpGJcsufxif&Sm;onf[lI‚if;/ a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0if. tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;jcif;onf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf rpGrf;raqmifEdkifjcif;onf/ &mxl;Yqufvufxrf;&Gufap&ef roifhrxdkufaom tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;jcif;rsdK;jzpfonf[lI‚if;/ wGJzuftpnf;ta0; wufa&mufrJay;aom trwfrsm;&mu/ tpnf;ta0;wGifaxmufcHIqHk;jzwfa-unmcJhaomf/ EdkifihawmforwWonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkifvufrSwfa&;xdk; wHqdyfcyfESdyfaomtrdef hpmjzifh/ oufqdkif&ma&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifudk &mxl;rScsufjcif;Ekwfy,f&rnf// 113–q// // jynfaxmifpk EdkifiH0efxrf;tm;vHk;ESifh pyfvsOf;I/ toHk;ac|wmjcif;/ &mxl;ta&twGufav#mhjcif;wdk hudk ðyaomtcgwGif/ a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifwOD;OD;onf rdrd.vpmudkav#mhap&ef/ rddrdtvdktav#muf oabmrwlcJhaom/ a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifwOD;udkcef hxm;_ yD;rS/ ol.vpmudkaomf‚if;/ tcGifh,ljcif;ESifh/ odk hwnf;r[kwf yif&Sif,ljcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom tcGifhta&;rsm;udkaomf‚if;/ ol htusdK;epfematmif ajymif;vJjcif;rðy&// 113–Z// // TtajccHOya't&ay;tyfxm;aomtm%mudk ydkrdkxda&mufpGmoHk;pGJEdkifapjcif;tvdk hiSm/vdktyfonf[k/ odk h wnf;r[kwf tvdk&Sdxdkufonf[k xifjrifqEdkifI/ TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;/rnDrnGwfrjzpfaom xyfjznfhtm%mrsm;udk/ a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&Siftm;ay;tyf&ef/ ygvDrefonf/ tufOya'jzifhjyXmef;Edkifonf// 113–ps// // a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif/ a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyf/ tjcm;a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uDrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;I/ TtajccHOya'&Sdtxufaz:jycJhaom jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ atmufygudpPrsm;udk w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDowfrSwf&rnf// (u) a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyfESifh a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;rsm;.vpmaiG/ t_ idrf;pm;,laomtouft&G,fESifh yif&SifvpmaiGudpPrsm;/ xdk hjyif (c) a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif. vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk cGJa0ay;jcif; tm%mrsm;ESifhvkyfief;pOfqdkif&mudpPrsm;// 113–n// // oD;jcm;tufOya'/ odk hwnf;r[kwf enf;Oya'rsm;jyXmef;jcif;rðyao;rDtcdseftwGif;aqmif&Guf&ef&Sdaom a&G;aumufyGJt&yf&yftwGuf rJpm&if;rsm; ðyvkyfjcif;ESifh‚if;/ ygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;y

jcif;ESifh‚if;/ TtajccHOya'yg jyXmef;csufrsm;udk/ odk hwnf;r[kwf 1949 ckESpf; EdkifiHawmforwW a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufr+tufOya'ygjyXmef;csufrsm;udkrxdcdkufapbJ/ tjcm;w&m;Oya' wckckt& a&G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;yjcif;ESifh‚if;/ pyfvsOf;I}uD;-uyfa&;/ n$ef-um;a&;ESifh tkyfcsKyfa&;wdk hudk /a&G;aumufYJaumfr&Sifu/ vuf&Sdw&m;Oya'rsm;t&/ aqmif&Guf&rnf// ”

aemufqufwGJ “12aemufqufwGJ “12””1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ( wwd,jyifqifcsuf ) tufOya'//

¡ 1961 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf 17// ¢atmufygtwdkif; tufOya'jzifhjyXmef;vdkufonf//

1// // (1) TtufOya'udk/ 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ( wwd,jyifqifcsuf ) tufOya'[kac:wGifap&rnf// (2) TtufOya'onf/ EdkifiHawmforwWu trdef ha-umfjimpmjzifhowfrSwfonfhae h&ufwGif pwiftm%mwnf&rnf// 2// // (u) yk'frcGJ (1) tpm;/ atmufygudkyk'frcGJ (1) tjzpfoGif;&rnf// “ (u) Ak'<bmom omoemawmfonf/ EdkifiHawmf.EdkifiHom;trsm;qHk;udk;uG,f&m bmom}uD;jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm EdkifiHawmf bmomomoemjzpfap&rnf// ” (c) yk'frcGJ (4) aemufwGifatmufygudkyk'frcGJ (5) tjzpfxnfhoGif;&rnf// “ (5) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtpdk;&onf/ rdrdESpfpOffomrefoHk;aiG.tenf;qHk; 50 &mcdkifE+Hef;ESifh nDr#aomaiGudk bmomomoema&;twGuf csD;ajr‡mufaxmufyHh&rnf//&Sif;vif;csuf// // ‘bmomomoem’ qdkonfrSm/ Tyk'fr&Sd yk'frcGJ(1) ESifh (2) wdk hwGif az:jyxm;onfhAk'<bmomomoem/ tpPvmrfbmom omoem/ c&pf,mefbmomomoem/ [dENLbmomomemESifhewfudk;uG,faom omoemwdk hudkqddkvdkonf// ”// 3// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' yk'fr 21 aemufwGif/ atmufygwdk hudk yk'fr 21–u/ 21–c/ 21–*ESifh21–C tjzpfxnfhoGif;&rnf// “ 21–u// /// Ak'<bmom omoemawmfrSm/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. EdkifiHawmfbmomomoemjzpfonfESifhtnD/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtpdk;&onf— (u) y&d,wWd omoem/ yËdywWdomomemESifh yËda0' omoemwnf;[laom Ak'<bmomomoemawmf oHk;&yfudk pnfyif jyef hyGg;atmif csD;ajr‡mufaxmufyHh&rnf//tbdk;—10 jym; ¢

(c) bk&m;&wem/ w&m;&wem/ oHCm&wem wnf;[laom &wemoHk;yg;wdk hudk csD;ajr‡mufylaZmf&rnf // (*) tqdkygoomoemoHk;&yfESifh &wemoHk;yg;wdk hudk a&;om;jcif;tm;jzifhaomf‚if;/ ¹rGufqdkjcif;tm;jzifhaomf‚if;/ tjcm;enf;tm;jzifhaomf‚if;/ apmfum;r+/ r[kwfrrSefpGyfpGJr+ paomab;tEW&,fcyfodrf;rS umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&rnf//&Sif;vif;csuf// // ‘oHCm&wem’ qdkonfrSm/ &[ef;awmfwyg;pDr[kwfbJ/ &[ef;awmf tm;vHk;*dk%f;*%ra&G;yg0ifaom oHCmudk qdkvdkonf// ” 21–c// // jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtpdk;&onf—

(u) qXoH*g,emwif ydXuygËdawmf tXuxmESifhËdumpmr+rsm;udk aumif;pGmxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufxm;&rnf// (c) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;wGif/ xdkydXu oHk;yHkygËdawmf tXuxmESifh Xdumpmr+ rsm;udk yHkESdyf-u&mwGiftrSm;t,Gif;ryg&atmif pnf;urf;rsm;owfrSwfI/ xdkpnf;urf;rsm;twdkif; vdkufemolrsm;udkomyHkESdyfcGifhðy&rnf//

21–*// // jynfaxmifpk EdkifiHtpdk;&onff/ rEWav;awmifajcteD; r[mavmu rm&Zdefukodkvfawmfbk&m;y&0k%f twGif;&Sd yOProH*g,emwif ydXuygËdawmf ausmufpmrsm;ESifh xdkbk&m;teD; pENmrkedbk&m; y&0k%ftwGif;&Sd tXuXmESifh Ëdumausmufpmrsm;udk aumif;rGefpGmxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufxm;&Sdap&rnf// 21–C// // jynfaxmifpk EdkifiHtpdk;&onf/ wESpfv#if tenf;qHk;w}udrf atmufygq&mawmf}uD;rsm;tm; yifhbdwfI/ EdkifiHawmfbmomomoemtwGuf rdrd. aqmif&GufcJhyHkrsm;udkwifjy&rnfhjyif/ xdkaqmif&GufcJhyHkrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh q&mawmf}uD;rsm;. a0befcsuf/ t}uHay;csufESifh -o0g'rsm;udkvnf;-um;em&rnf// (u) tbd"Zr[m&Ï*k&kq&mawmf}uD;rsm;/ (c) t*~r[my¾dwq&mawmf}uD;rsm;/ (*) EdkifiHawmf-o0g'p&D, q&mawmf}uD;rsm;/ ESifh (C) EdkifiHawmf0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf}uD;rsm;//”//

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