THE

ECOLOGIC MODEL

Prepared & Reported by:

Lucky P. Roaquin, RN

AMS II

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Understand the historical overview of ecologic

model;

• Conceptualize the four core principles of

ecologic model;

• Apply ecologic models for its main purpose; and

• Justify strengths and limitations of ecologic

model

LEARNING CONTENTS

• Background & History of Ecologic Models

• Guiding Principles of Ecologic Models

•Types of Ecologic Model

• Application of Ecological Models to Health Behavior

DEFINITION OF TERMS

ECOLOGIC MODEL

- Provide comprehensive frameworks for

understanding the multiple and interacting

determinants of health behavior.

BACKGROUND & HISTORY OF

ECOLOGIC MODELS

• „Ecology‟

• Based on a rich conceptual tradition in the

behavioral sciences

• Accdg. to Stokols (1992), ecologic models focus

on the nature of people‟s transactions with their

physical and socio-cultural surroundings.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGIC

MODEL

4 Principles of Ecologic Model

1. Multiple levels of factors influence

perspectives are proposed.

2. Influences interact across levels

3. Multi-level interventions should be most

effective in changing behavior

4. Ecological models are most powerful when

they are behavior-specific

TYPES OF ECOLOGIC MODEL

1. Clark-Leavell Triad Model

• There are three interactive factors that affect

health and illness

TYPES OF ECOLOGIC MODEL

2. Lever Model

• Used to show the relationship between the

host, agent and environment

ENVIRONMENT

AGENT HOST

TYPES OF ECOLOGIC MODEL

3. Web Causation Model

• Works with complex disease etiologies and

co-factors.

TYPES OF ECOLOGIC MODEL

4. Wheel of Causation

• contains a hub with the host at its center surrounded by multi-factorial variables that

illustrate the multiple etiological factors of human infectious diseases

TYPES OF ECOLOGIC MODEL

5. Rothman‟s Pie • A cause of a disease is an event, condition, or

characteristics that plays an essential role in

producing an occurrence of the disease

TYPES OF ECOLOGIC MODEL

6. Systems Theory Model

• used to organize and demonstrate complex interactions between systems using a theoretical base

APPLICATION OF ECOLOGIC MODEL

TO HEALTH BEHAVIOR

SAMPLE ECOLOGIC MODEL

Mr. M

• 75 y/o

• Retired accountant

• 185 lbs

• plays golf every weekend

• loves to eat “festive foods”

• smokes and drinks alcohol for 28 years

• HPN for 15 years, poorly managed (+) father

• DM for 6 years, poorly controlled (+) father

SAMPLE ECOLOGIC MODEL

Mr. M

• Diagnosed to have CHF a year ago

• Had attacks of HPN with chest pains

(substernal)

• With pacemaker inserted on R chest

Ecologic Model: Web Causation

SAMPLE ECOLOGIC MODEL

Age

Diet

Family Hx

Lack of exercises

Smoker

Alcohol Drinker

DM

Chest Pain

CHF

Pacemaker

HPN

SAMPLE ECOLOGIC MODEL

Mr. Z

• 46 y/o

• tricycle driver for 8 years

• smoker since 14 years old; ocassional alcohol

drinker

• residing at Blumentritt, Tondo, Manila

• lives with family (wife, 6 children)

• eat twice daily (lunch and dinner)

• no immunization since birth

SAMPLE ECOLOGIC MODEL

Mr. Z

• diagnosed to have PTB (controlled and under

medication)

• PTB patient was suspected in the neighborhood

• still with productive cough, night chills, and chest

pains

Ecologic Model: Triad Model/Lever Model

SAMPLE ECOLOGIC MODEL

A. Triad Model

Agent

Host Environment

SAMPLE ECOLOGIC MODEL

B. Lever Model

ENV

Agent

Host

Further

Question/s

Maraming Salamat!!!!