Amity MBA 1st Sem ASODL Quantitative Techniques In Management (EDL 106)Amity MBA Assignment AQuestion 1: How has quantitative analysis changed the current scenario in the management world today?

Question 2: What are sampling techniques? Briefly explain the cluster sampling technique.

Question 3: What is the significance of Regression Analysis? How does it help a manager in the decision making process?

Question 4 Explain the following terms in detail (give examples where necessary):(a.) Arithmetic mean(b.) Harmonic mean (c.) Geometric mean (d.) Median(e.) Mode

Question 5: Explain the classical approach to the probability theory. Also explain the limitation of classical definition of probability.

Question 6: Write a note on decision making in management. How one will take decision under risk and uncertainty.

Question 7: The Mumbai Cricket Club, a professional club for the cricketers, has the player who led the league in batting average for many years. Over the past ten years, Amod Kambali has achieved a mean batting average of 54.50 runs with a standard deviation of 5.5 runs. This year Amod played 25 matches and achieved an average of 48.80 runs only. Amod is negotiating his contract with the club for the next year, and the salary he will be able to obtain is highly dependent upon his ability to convince the teams owner that his batting average this year wasnot significantly worse than in the previous years. The selection committee of the club is willing to use a 0.01 significance level.You are required to find out whether Amods salary will be cut next year.

Question 8. The salaries paid to the managers of a company had a mean of Rs. 20,000 with a standard deviation of Rs 3,000, W hat will be the mean and standard deviation if all the salaries are increased by1) 10%2) 10% of existing mean3) Which policy would you recommend if the management does not want to have increased disparities of wages?Amity MBA Assignment BCase studyPlease read the case study given below and answer questions given at the end.Kushal Arora, a second year MBA student, is doing a study of companies going public for the first time. He is curious to see whether or not there is a significant relationship between the sizes of the offering (in crores of rupees) and the price per share after the issue. The data are given below:Size (in crore of rupees)1083968.405110.404.40

Price ( in rupees)121319126.504

QuestionYou are required to calculate the coefficient of correlation for the above data set and comment what conclusion Kushal should draw from the sample.Amity MBA Assignment C1 A survey to collect data on the entire population is2 A portion of the population selected to represent the population is called3 Qualitative data can be graphically represented by using a(n)4 Fifteen percent of the students in a school of Business Administration are majoring in Economics, 20% in Finance, 35% in Management, and 30% in Accounting. The graphical device(s) which can be used to present these data is (are5 A histogram is 6 The mean of a sample 7 The median of a sample will always equal the 8 The difference between the largest and the smallest data values is the 9 The most frequently occurring value of a data set is called the 10 The heights (in inches) of 25 individuals were recorded and the following statistics were calculatedMean = 70 range = 20Mode = 73 variance = 784Median = 74

11 The standard deviation of a sample of 100 observations equals 64. The variance of the sample equals 12 Which of the following is not a measure of dispersion? 13 The coefficient of variation is 14 A numerical measure of linear association between two variables is the 15 The coefficient of correlation ranges between 16 The model developed from s ample data that has the form of 17 A regression analysis between sales (Y in $1000) and advertising (X in dollars) resulted in the following equation The above equation implies that an18 Regression analysis is a statistical procedure for developing a mathematical equation that describes how 20 Which of the following is not present in a time series? 21 The trend component is easy to identify by using 22 The forecasting method that is appropriate when the time series has no significant trend, cyclical, or seasonal effect is23 If P(A) = 0.4, P(B | A) = 0.35, P(A B) = 0.69, then P(B) =24 If P(A) = 0.5 and P(B) = 0.5, then P(A B)25 A probability distribution showing the probability of x successes in n trials, where the probability of success does not change from trial to trial, is termed a 26 Four percent of the customers of a mortgage company default on their payments. A sample of five customers is selected. What is the probability that exactly two customers in the sample will default on their payments? 27 The centre of a normal curve is 29 A tabular representation of the payoffs for a decision problem is a 30 A decision criterion which weights the payoff for each decision by its probability of occurrence is known as the 31 The expected opportunity loss of the best decision alternative is the 32 An assumption made about the value of a population parameter is called a33 The level of significance is the 34 The level of significance in hypothesis testing is the probability of 35 A soft drink filling machine, when in perfect adjustment, fills the bottles with 12 ounces of soft drink. Any over filling or under filling results in the shutdown and readjustment of the machine. To determine whether or not the machine is properly adjusted, the correct set of hypotheses is36 Whenever all the constraints in a linear program are expressed as equalities, the linear program is said to be written in 37 If an artificial variable is present in the basic variable column of simplex table, then the solution is 38 The solution to a transportation problem with m row and n columns is feasible if number of positive allocations are 39 Slack40 To find the optimal solution to a linear programming problem using the graphical method

Amity MBA 1st Sem ASODL Management Functions & Behavior (EDL 101)Amity MBA Assignment AQuestion 1. How can the field of OB contribute to the effective functioning of organizations and the well being of the individual?Question 2. How are leadership theory and styles related to employee motivation? Explain with suitable examples.Question 3. Discuss in detail the contribution of Taylor to the development of Management thought.Question 4. Do you think when managers make decisions they follow the decision making steps as has been conceptualized in the rational decision making model? Which steps are likely to be overlooked or given inadequate attention? What can be the possible consequences of overlooking any of the steps?Question 5. Participation is an excellent method for identifying differences and resolving conflicts. Do you agree or disagree. Discuss with suitable examples.Question 6. Why does communication break down? How can communication be improved?Question 7. What is departmentalization? Why is it required? Discuss any one form of departmentalization.Question 8. What do you understand by authority and power? How are they different from each other?Amity MBA Assignment BCase study:Please read the case study given below and answer questions given at the end.Mr. R.K. Mishra owns a small trading company in Varanasi by the name of RKM Enterprises. The company provided raw material to the manufacturers of silk sarees. The business enterprise is also engaged in supply of silk sarees and other silk garments produced by local weavers to the big stores in major cities. In addition they have substantial export orders.The company is mainly a family based enterprise. Mr. R.K. Mishra is the Director and his son Ritesh is looking after finance department. The son is also assisting his father in other strategical matters. Key decisions are taken by the Director himself after occasional discussions with Ritesh. The existing employee strength is more than 200 with 15 offices spread across the country. During the last one decade of its existence, the business has grown considerably. In fact, the turnover surpassed Rupees 100 million in the year 2003-04. However, since then the business faced stiff competition from other traders. In last one year the orders that have been received have reduced substantially.Rohit, younger son of the Director is holding a management degree from Banaras Hindu University. He has recently left a job with an MNC located in Mumbai and joined his fathers business to help in solving the problems. After joining, Rohit made several changes in the organization. A major restructuring drive was carried out. The authority to take several major decisions was transmitted to lower levels. Organization structure was also made flatter. Instructions were given to all managers to consult their subordinates before taking any decisions. He was determined to see that the company was professionally managed.Questions:1. The management of RKM Enterprises is not professional and is family based. Analyze and comment.2. Analyze the changes brought in by Rohit.Amity MBA Assignment C1. Which of the following was NOT a need proposed by David McClellands Theory of Needs?2. Managers engage in ________ to increase their power and pursue goals that favor their individual and group interests.3. Which of the following is NOT A motivator according to Hertzberg?4. Cognitive Dissonance theory has been given by5. The purpose of feedback in communication is6. Self Esteem means7. The Hawthorne experiment was started by:8. is the systematic study of the ways interaction, interdependence and influence among persons affect their behavior and thoughts9. Psychoanalytic theory has been propounded by?10. MBO was first suggested by?11. The three levels of analysis that are studied in organizational behavior are?12. Which type of leaders gives complete freedom to their employees?13. refers to the ability of individuals or groups to induce or influence the beliefs or actions of other individuals or groups?14. Robert Own, Charles Babbage, Henry R. Lowne , Andrew Ure and Charles Duplin contributed to the ___________school of management thought?15. Which of the following is not a leadership theory?16. Which is an advantage of decentralization?17. Which type of departmentation is useful only at the lowest level of organizations?18. Which managerial function gives attention to influencing and motivating employees to improve performance and achieve corporate objectives?19. The _______ refers to the delivery by one individual to another of the right to act, to make decisions, to requisition resources and to perform other tasks in order to fulfill job responsibilities20. In the process of communication, the translation of intended meanings into words and gestures is known as?21. The establishment of a distinct area, unit of subsystem of an organization over which a22. Which of the following processes shows how an individual seeks information about a certain issue and how he interprets that information?23. The organization chart is a way of showing?24. When a manager secures the agreement of a colleague to work on a project in return for the promise of providing the colleague with some extra remuneration, what type of power is he or she exercising?25. Which of the following is not one of the steps identified as part of the controlling process?26. Which of the following refers to changing a task to make it inherently more rewarding, motivating and satisfying?27. When people are resisting because of adjustment problem, the _________method for dealing with resistance to change is commonly used28. According to Fieldlers contingency model, leadership situations can be analyzed in terms of three elements. What are they?29. Which of the following characteristic distinguishes authority?30. Which of these refers to the set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects or people in the environment?31. The tendency to place the primary responsibility for ones success or failure either within oneself or on outside forces is referred to as32. The tendency to see ones own personal traits in other people is called33. Which of the following theories deals with employees perception of fairness?34. A financial budget that estimates cash flows on a daily basis or weekly basis to ensure that the company can meet its obligations is called a35. ______ is a process whereby companies find how others do something better than they do and then try to imitate or improve on it.36. Standing plans are37. Which of the following is not a perceptual distortion?38. Nonverbal communication behaviors includes39. Democratic leadership is also known as40. A significant part of a managers job is an organization is to use the tools and techniques developed through OB research to increase organizational

Amity MBA 1st Sem ASODL Information Technology for Manager (EDL 105)Amity MBA Assignment AQuestion 1: What strategic role can information technology play in business process reengineering and total quality management?Question 2: What are various approaches of MIS development in the organization? Explain any two approaches in detail.Question 3: What are the benefits and limitations of the relational database model for business applications today? Why is the Object-oriented database model gaining acceptance for developing applications and managing the hypermedia databases at business websites?Question 4: What are the business benefit and management problems of client/server networks? Discuss also in Network Computing and Peer-to-peer networks?Question 5: How can information systems support a companys business operations, discuss making by their managers, and give them a competitive advantage? Give examples to illustrate your answer?Question 6: What is meant by Network topology along with different network models?Question 7: Why there is a trend toward cross-functional integrated enterprise systems in business?Question 8: How do you think sales force automation affects salesperson productivity, marketing management, and competitive advantage?Amity MBA Assignment BCase Study1. How Mr. Joshua is going to maintain information on Bank branches and security password information on customers.

Amity MBA Assignment C1. Which of them does not support decision making?a) DSS,b) GDSS,c) ESSd) All of above2. TPS stands fora) Transaction price system secret socket layerb) Transaction processing systemc) Transfer peer systemd) Transfer protocol system3. This type of network is contained over a large geographic area.a) Local area networkb) Wide area networkc) Start topologyd) None of the above4. A web browser is best described as aa) General purpose application programb) Application specific programc) System management programsd) System development programs5. Which one of the following functional business systems supports the finance business function?a) Cash Managementb) Financial forecastingc) Both a & bd) Neither a or b6. The utility called located in the System Tools folder, allows you to select when and how often maintenance tasks are performed.a) Disk Cleanupb) Scheduled Tasksc) Disk Defragmenterd) System Restore7. Which type of network connects each node to the next, forming a loop.a) Star topologyb) Bus Topologyc) Ring Topologyd) All of the above8. Which is the most common network topology where each node is connected to a switch.a) Star topologyb) Ring topologyc) Bus topologyd) Local area network9. The computer monitors sharpness or clarity is referred to as its ___________a) Imageb) Resolutionc) Contrastd) Setting10. Themanages the hardware components including the CPU, memory storage, and peripheral devices.a) Operating Systemb) Device Driversc) Motherboardd) Ports11. ESS is helpful fora) Top Managementb) Middle managementc) Operational managementd) None of above12. Which of the following is not a way DSS, GDSS, and ESS support decision making?a) Automate certain decision proceduresb) Provide information about different aspects of the decision situation and the decision processc) Stimulate decision making by helping managers question decision procedures or explore different solution designsd) Generate monthly, hardcopy reports13. Which of the following is primarily a stand-alone DSS that uses some type of model to perform what-if and other kinds of analyses?a) Model-driven.b) Data-driven.c) Data mart.d) Data warehouse.14. The technology for finding hidden patterns and relationships in large databases and inferring rules from them to predict future behavior best describes:a) Data warehousing.b) Knowledge acquisition.c) Data mining.d) Data clustering.15.Which of the following is NOT a type of information yielded from data mining?a) Sequencesb) Classificationc) Clusteringd) Intelligence16.Each of the following is a DSS component EXCEPT:a) Database.b) Software system.c) User interface.d) Inference engine17.Models that ask what-if questions repeatedly to determine the impact of changes in one or more factors on outcomes best describes:a) Optimization analysis.b) Sensitivity analysis.c) Forecasting.d) Goal-seeking18.According to the textbook, National Gypsum uses its DSS application for:a) Identifying customer buying patterns and fraud detection.b) Price, advertising, and promotion selection.c) Defense contract analysis.d) Corporate planning and forecasting.19.A system with software that can analyze and display data using digitized maps to enhance planning and decision making best describes:a) Geographic information system.b) Executive support system.c) Demographic analysis system.d) Location analysis system.20. An interactive computer-based system to facilitate the solution to unstructured problems by a set of decision makers working together as a group best describes a(n):a) Group decision-support system.b) Decision-support system.c) Executive support system.d) Geographic information system.21. GDSS software tools that allow individuals to simultaneously and anonymously contribute ideas on the meeting topics are called:a) Electronic questionnaires.b) Tools for voting or setting priorities.c) Electronic brainstorming tools.d) Idea organizers.22.A GDSS can enhance group decision making by:a) Improving preplanning.b) Increasing participation.c) Providing documentation of meetings.d) Doing all of the above.23. Each of the following is a basic GDSS element EXCEPT:a) Hardware.b) Software tools.c) A data warehouse.d) A user interface.24. Contingencies affecting the outcome of group meetings include:a) The design of an electronic meeting system and its technology.b) The nature of the group.c) The manner in which the problem is presented to the group.d) All of the above.25. A useful tool used during the electronic meeting activity of idea generation is:a) Group matrix.b) Policy formation.c) Topic commenter.d) Personal productivity.26. An information system at the strategic level of an organization designed to address unstructured decision making through advanced graphics and communications best described as:a) Decision-support system.b) Executive support system.c) Management information system.d) Group decision support system.27. SSL is aa) Protocolb) A technologyc) A kind of digital signatured) A virus28. Assembling a product, identifying customers and hiring employees area) Transactionb) Phasesc) Business processesd) Business functions29.The computer can potentially be used to monitor most of our actions, thus robbing us of-a) Tappingb) Backlogc) Privacyd) Security30. A is a programmable electronic device that can input, process, output, and store data.a) Computerb) Motherboardc) CPUd) Operating System31. The nonvolatile, permanent memory that remains in the computer even when it is turned off is called:a) ALUb) CPUc) RAMd) ROM32. The computer and equipment that connects to it are called the:a) Hardwareb) Motherboardc) Softwared) Control Unit33. Which of the following do transactional e-commerce businesses provide?a) Sale of goods and services.b) Sale of goods only.c) Online sale of goods.d) Online sale of transactions.34. Which of the following best describes a Business-to-Business?a) Sale of goods online to a consumer.b) Sale of goods online to many consumers.c) Sale of goods to a business from a Brick and Mortar business.d) Sale of goods to a business online only.35. What determines how a system will work to meet the business needs defined during system investigation?a) System Implementationb) System developmentc) System Reviewd) None36. Who is involved in helping users determine what outputs tey need and constructing the plans needed to produce these outputs?a) CIOb) Application programmerc) System Programmerd) System Analyst37. What consists of all activities that, if delayed would delay the entire project?a) Deadline activitiesb) Slack activitiesc) RAD tasksd) The critical path38. The concept in which organizations adapt to new conditions or alter their practices over time is calleda) Organizational Learningb) Organizational changec) Continuous improvementd) Re-engineering39. What is the measure of the output achieved divided by input requireda) Efficiencyb) Effectivenessc) Productivityd) Return on Investment40. What components of a decision support system allow decisions makers to easily access and manipulate the DSS and to use common business terms and phrases?a) The knowledge baseb) The model basec) The user interface or dialogued) The expert system

Amity MBA 1st Sem ASODL Accounting For Managers (EDL 103)Amity MBA Assignment AQuestion 1a): What do you understand by the concept of conservatism? Why it is also called the concept of prudence? Why it is not applied as strongly today as it used to be in the Past?Question 1b): What is a Balance Sheet? How does a Funds Flow Statement differ from a Balance Sheet? Enumerate the items which are usually shown in a Balance Sheet and a Funds Flow StatementQuestion 2a): Discuss the importance of ratio analysis for inter-firm and intra-firm comparisons including circumstances responsible for its limitations .If anyQuestion 2b): Why do you understand by the term pay-out ratio? What factors are taken into consideration while determining pay-out ratio? Should a company follow a fixed pay-out ratio policy? Discuss fully.Question 3: From the ratios and other data given below for Bharat Auto Accessories Ltd. indicate your interpretation of the companys financial position, operating efficiency and profitability.Question 4: Bose has supplied the following information about his business to Summary ofCash book for the year ended 31st March, 2004 is as follows:Discount allowed totaled Rs.7,000 and discount received was Rs.4,000. Bad debts written off were Rs.8,000. Depreciation was written off on furniture @5% per annum and machinery @10%per annum under the straight line method of depreciation. The office expenses included Rs.5,000 paid as insurance premium for the year ending 30th June, 2004. Wages amounting to Rs.20,000 were still due on 31st March,2004.Prepare trading and profitand loss account for the year ended 31sl March, 2004 and the balance sheet as on that date.Question 5a): What procedure would you adopt to study the liquidity of a business firm?Question 5b): Who are all the parties interested in knowing this accounting information?Question 5c): What ratio or other financial statement analysis technique will you adopt for this.Question6. From the following particulars, determine the bank balance as per pass book of Priya &Co. as on 28th February 2008.a) Credit balance as per cash book on 28th February, 2008 was Rs. 15,000b) Interest charged by the bank up to 28th February Rs. 500 was recorded in the passbook.c) Bank charges made by the bank Rs. 125 were also recorded only in the pass book.d) Out of the cheques of Rs. 25,000 paid into the bank, cheques of Rs. 18,750 were cleared and credited by the bankers.e) Two cheques of Rs. 7,500 and Rs. 15,000 were issued but out of them only one cheque of Rs. 7,500 was presented for payment upto 28th February.f) Dividends on shares Rs. 4,500 were collected by the bankers directly, for which Priya & did not have any information.Question7a): Decide whether the new product be introduced.Question7b): Make any further observation/recommendations about profitability of the company on the basis of the above data , after making assumption that the present investment is Rs. 8 lakh.Question8 a):What is Master Budget? How it is different from Cash Budget?Question8 b):What are the various methods of inventory valuation? Explain the effect ofinventory valuation methods on profit during inflation. What are the provisions ofAccounting Standard 2 (AS-2) with regards to inventory valuation?Amity MBA Assignment BCase StudyLabor standardsGeeta & Company has experienced increased production costs. The primary area ofconcern identified by management is direct labor. The company is considering adopting a standard cost system to help control labor and other costs. Useful historical data are not available because detailed production records have not been maintained.To establish labor standards, Geeta & Company has retained an engineering consulting firm. After a complete study of the work process, the consultants recommended a labor standard ofone unit of production every 30 minutes, or 16 units per day for each worker. The consultants further advised that Geetas wage rates were below the prevailing rate of Rs per hour.Geetas production vice-president thought that this labor standard was too tight, and from experience with the labor force, believed that a labor standard of 40 minutes per unit or 12 units perday for each worker would be more reasonable. he president of Geeta & Company believed the standard should be set at a high level to motivate the workers and to provide adequate information for control and reasonable cost comparison. After much discussion, management decided to use a dual standard. The labor standard of one unit every 30 minutes, recommended by the consulting firm, would be employed in the plant as a motivation device, while a cost standard of 40 minutes per unit would be used in reporting. Management also concluded that the workers would not be in formed of the cost standard used for reporting purposes. The production vice-president conducted several sessions prior to implementation in the plant, informing the workers of the new standard cost system and answering questions. The new standards were not related to incentive pay but were introduced when wages were increased to Rs7 per hour.The standard cost system was implemented on January 1, 19. At the end of six months ofoperation, these statistics on labor performance were presented to executive management:Materials quality, labor mix, and plant facilities and conditions have not changed to a signify Cant extent during the six month period.Questions:1.Describe the impact of different types of standards on motivations, and specifically, the likely effect on motivation of adopting the labor standard recommended for Geeta & Company by the engineering firm.2.Please advise the company in reviewing the standards.Amity MBA Assignment C1. Which of the following statements is true concerning assets?2.When the concept of conservation is applied to the Balance Sheet, it results in3. Which of the following is a correct expression of the accounting equation?4. How is the balance sheet linked to the other financial statements?5. The process of recording the economic effects of business transactions in a book oforiginal entry:6. If the sum of the debits and credits in a trial balance is not equal, then7. Z Ltd had Rs1800 of supplies on hand at January 1, 2006. During 2006, supplies with acost of Rs7, 000 were purchased. At December 31, 2006, the actual supplies on handamounts to Rs2, 300. After the adjustments are recorded and posted at December 31,2006, the balances in the Supplies and Supplies Expense accounts will be:8. In the statement of changes in financial position, uses of resources are defined as:9.Most firms elected to define funds in the statement of changes in financial position as:10.The funds flow statement included:11.Which of the following is not an example of a non-fund adjustment to income required in preparing the statement of changes in financial position when funds were defined as working capital?12.In the cash flow statement, cash is defined as:13. Flexible budgets14Which of the following statements regarding changing inventory methods is true?Use the information presented below to answer the questions that follow. Solid Co. received a non-interest-bearing note from Y Ltd. on October 1, 2006. The amount of the note due at the maturitydate is Rs6, 200. The note was accepted by Solid for merchandise sold to Bedrock with a sellingprice of Rs6, 000. The note is due in 3 months.15. The difference of Rs200 between the amount of the note (Rs6, 200) and the sales price ofthe merchandise (Rs6, 000)16. Which of the following combination of financial statements would provide the most in-depth information to help understand a companys liquidity?17. Y Ltd sold equipment for Rs4, 000. This resulted in a Rs1, 500 loss. What is the impact ofthis sale on the working capital?18.If a companys asset turnover rate increased from 2005 to 2006, which of the following conclusions can be made?19.X Ltds master budget calls for the production of 6,000 units of product monthly. The master budget includes indirect labor of Rs396,000 annually; X Ltd considers indirect labor to be a variable cost. During the month of September, 5,600 units of product were produced, and indirect labor costs of Rs30,970 were incurred. A performance report utilizing flexible budgeting would report a flexible budget variance for indirect labor of:-a. Rs170 unfavorable.b. Rs170 favorable.c. Rs2, 030 unfavorable.20. Rs2, 030 favorable.20.Which of the following is not an advantage for using standard costs for variance analysis?21.The main purpose of cost accounting is to-22.Conversion cost is total of:23.A cost, which does not involve cash outlay, is called:24.Committed fixed costs are those, which:25. Cost of research undertaken at the request of the customer should be:26.Salaries due for the month of March will appear27.Liabilities of business are Rs. 11,220 and owners equity is Rs. 15,000. The assets of thebusiness will be.28. An entry of Rs. 320 has been debited to Eknaths account at Rs. 230. If is an error of29. Unearned revenues are:30. The revenue recognition principle requires that sales revenues be recognized:31. All of the following are other receivables except:32. Depreciation is dependent on a number of estimates. When a change in an estimate isrequired, the change is made:33. In order to pay a dividend:34. Cash flow activities that include the cash effects of transactions that create revenues andexpenses and thus enter into the determination of net income are referred to as:35. All of the following are used in preparing a statement of cash flows except:36. Depreciation is result of37. Outstanding Expenses are the examples of38. Liquid Assets are inclusive of all current assets except39.Management Accounting is mainly related to40.Variance Analysis is done with regards to actuals with.

Managerial EconomicsAssignment A

1 . Distinguish between the following:a) Industry demand and Firm (Company) demand, b) Short-run demand and Long run demand, and c) Durable goods demand and Non-durable goods demand. 2 . What are the problems faced in determining the demand for a durable good? Illustrate with example of demand for households refrigerator or television set. 3 . Analyze the method by which a firm can allocate the given advertising budget between different media of advertisement. 4 . What kind of relationship would you postulate between short-run and long-run average cost curves when these are not U-shaped as suggested by the modern theories? 5 . How do demand forecasting methods for new products vary from those for established products? 6 . What are the different methods of measuring national income? Which methods have been followed in India? 7 . What do you understand by the investment multiplier? In what way does it defend the policy of public works on the part of the state during business depression? 8 . Discuss the various phases of business cycle: a. Are cyclical fluctuations necessary for economic growth? b. Suggest appropriate fiscal and monetary policies for depression Assignment B:Please read the case study given below and answer questions given.Case Study Electron Control, Inc., sells voltage regulators to other manufacturers, who then customize and distribute the products to quality assurance labs for their sensitive test equipment. The yearly volume of output is 15,000 units. The selling price and cost per unit are shown below:Selling price$200

Costs:

Direct material$35

Direct labor50

Variable overhead25

Variable selling expenses25

Fixed selling expenses15150

Unit profit before tax$50

Management is evaluating the alternative of performing the necessary customizing to allow Electron Control to sell its output directly to Q/A labs for $275 per unit. Although no added investment is required in productive facilities, additional processing costs are estimated as:Direct labor$25 per unit

Variable overhead$15 per unit

Variable selling expenses$10 per unit

Fixed selling expenses$100,000 per year

Q. Calculate the incremental profit Electron Control would earn by customizing its instruments and marketing directly to end users.